Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Use Description |
Pruning Training Average Height and spread 10 years 20 years Problems |
Similar Forms of Interest
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Abutilon mega-potamicum is Flowering maple, Chinese Lantern, Parlour maple, Trailing abutilon |
Medium-sized, hanging, bell-shaped flowers with yellow petals, red calyx and purple anthers. "Flowers cooked. Used as a vegetable." from Useful Tropical Plants - The Useful Tropical Plants Database contians information on the edible, medicinal and many other uses of 11097 plants that can be grown in tropical regions) |
Jul-Sep |
84 x 84 |
Olive-green with purple/red shading and veins. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Any soil but does best on moist, rich types |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. In Australia it is suitable for informal hedges and can be grown in containers. Foliage - Leaves ovate, 2-4 inches (5-10 cms), with toothed edges. Olive-green with purple/red shading and veins. Stem - Light to mid brown, upright, slightly arching. Medium rate of growth. Fruit Insignificant. Hardy in coastal and relatively mild parts of the UK except in severe winters and a risk from sudden (early) frosts. May be hardy elsewhere with wall shelter or good micro-climate. Likely to be damaged or killed in cold winters. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -5°C (23°F). |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - A shrub of weak constitution and not fully hardy. Not the sort of plants to be grown outside where there are likely to be frosts. These plants need to be grown in a conservatory or cool greenhouse or at least brought inside for the winter - use loam-based compost (John Innes No. 2) and provide plenty of light. |
Abutilon megapotamicum 'Variegatum'. Golden variegated foliage, tender, tolerates no frost. Yellow flowers with red calyx and purple anthers. |
Abutilon mega-potamicum (Large-leaved and Flowering Forms) |
Hanging, large, bell-shaped flowers up to 1.5 inches (4 cms) long and 1.5 inches (4 cms) wide. Wide range of colours including red, pink, yellow and apricot. |
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Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Moderately alkaline to acid, with adequate moisture and food content for rapid growth. |
Use - As a fan-trained wall shrub for walls and fences, or for growing in conservatories, both as a fan-shaped wall shrub or as a pillar. Foliage - Leaves oval, up to 5 inches (12 cms) long with toothed edges. Mid to olive-green in colour. Some yellow tints. Some variegated forms. Stem - Upright, becoming spreading. Vigorous, up to 60 inches (150 cms) of growth per year. Fruit - Insignificant. |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs to ground level in early to mid spring. Can be severely cut back to a stool in early spring if required and will quickly rejuvenate. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage a fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Always susceptible to damage by severe cold. |
Abutilon x milleri. Orange petals and crimson stamens in Apr-Sep. Very large dark green leaves. Abutilon x milleri 'Variegatum'. Orange petals, crimson stamens in Jul-Sep. Foliage splashed gold. Very tender. Abutilon 'Ashford Red'. Foliage apple green. Flowers deep red/pink in Jul-Oct. Tender. Abutilon 'Canary Bird'. Pure yellow flowers in Jul-Oct. Can flower all winter in a conservatory. Abutilon 'Cerise Queen'. Cerise flowers in Apr-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Hinton Seedling'. Vermilion flowers in Jul-Oct. Abutilon 'Louise Marignac'. Good pink flowers in Apr-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Nabob'. Crimson-red flowers in Jul-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Souvenir de Bonn'. Soft Apricot flowers in Year-round if temperatures are warm enough. |
Acacia (Hardy Forms) |
Yellow flowers in clusters or racemes, produced late winter and through spring. Normally fragrant, depending on variety |
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Grey-green |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Tr E Does best in light, well-drained soil. Severe alkaline conditions will cause chlorosis. |
Use - As a freestanding, upright or fan-trained tree against very sheltered large wall, where they gain from the protection. Making an attractive specimen on the patio in a roomy container, Acacia armata also makes an ideal conservatory plant if you have room. Foliage - Attractive grey-green, cut-leaved foliage 6-10 inches (15-25 cms) long and 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) wide. Stem - Blue tinged grey/green, fast growing. Adapts to training. |
Pruning - None except for training in a fan or upright shape. Training - Will require fixing to wires or individual anchor points.
Height/spread 10 years - 132 x 132 (340 x 340) freestanding 20 years - 168 x 168 (430 x 430) freestanding Protrudes up to 36 inches (91 cms) from support if fan-trained, 156 inches (400 cms) untrained.
Problems - May rarely survive outside the mildest areas in the UK. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade) but some terminal stem damage may be caused in severe wind chill conditions. |
Acacia armata (Kangaroo thorn). Profuse yellow flowers over the entire branches in Feb-May. Small prickles and small dissected leaves. Large bushy habit, reaching tree proportions in very favourable areas. Noxious weed in California, USA. Acacia baileyana (Cootamundra wattle). Glaucous, cut leaved foliage and bright yellow racemes of flowers in Dec-Apr. Two thirds average height and spread. Requires glasshouse conditions in UK. Acacia dealbata (Silver wattle, mimosa). Fern-like, silver-green foliage, masses of yellow flowers in Jan-Apr. One of the hardest forms. Requires glasshouse conditions in UK. |
Albizia julibrissin is Pink Mimosa, Pink siris, Silk Tree 摄于北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden. By Shizhao, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Terminal clusters of flowerheads on long stalks, producing a mop-like cluster of pink stamens up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) across. Dense all-over flowering makes a spectacular effect. Requires a very sheltered aspect. Full sun to very light shade. |
The seeds are used as a food for livestock and by wildlife, and the sweet-scented flowers are a good nectar source for honeybees and butterflies. |
After 10 years - 192 x 192 (490 x 490) |
Its grey/green leaves slowly close during the night and during periods of rain, the leaflets bowing downward. |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs needing or responding Tr D Any soil types except dry. In the wild, the tree tends to grow in dry plains, sandy valleys, and uplands. |
Use - As a small fan-trained tree for large walls or for fan-training on conservatory walls. The broad crown of a mature tree makes it useful for providing dappled shade. Folage - Bipinnate leaves, 9-18 inches 923-45 cm) long. Each of the 6-12 branches of the pinnate leaf carries 20-30 pairs of small, oblong, grey/green leaflets. Stem - Grey-green, upright when young, quickly spreading. Medium rate of growth, slower in container. Fruit - Insignificant |
Pruning - Prune young trees hard in the spring following planting. Tie resulting 5 to 7 shoots into a a fan-trained shape. In subsequent year, remove all side growths back to 2 points from their origin and maintain original main branches in fan shape. Training - Will require fixing to wires or individual anchor points. Height/spread Problems - Often chosen because seen growing well in warm climates, but not adaptable to harsher conditions. |
Albizia julibrissin 'Rosea'. Smaller variety with bright pink flowers, reaching two-thirds average height and spread. It is often used for non-traditional bonsai. |
Ampelopsis breviped-unculata 'Elegans' |
Small clusters of creamy white inconspicuous flowers. May in hot summers produce 0.375 inch (2 mm) wide clear blue berries with black spots. Requires a sheltered aspect. Light shade for preference, will tolerate full sun if adequate moisture is available; if not, scorching may be a problem. |
Jun-Jul |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid, requiring a high degree of organic content with good moisture retaining qualities. |
Use - As an attractive coloured foliage deciduous climber for sheltered non-house walls and fences or under protection in greenhouses or conservatories. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Hand-shaped leaves with some lobed indentations on outer edges varying in size from 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long; some with toothed edges. Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. Stem - Attractive, pink to red when young becoming green to green/brown with age, not sel-clinging but twining, interlacing itself around a support. Slow to medium growth rate Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Prune back all side shoots produced last year to within 2 buds of origin except shoots which are required for training the main framework, so encouraging a high production of good new pink foliage. Training - Allow to ramble over wires and secure as required, or allow to scramble through an uninteresting shrub both in the open or under protection. Height/spread Problems - Foliage scorching may be caused by late frosts and strong midday summer sun. Can be attacked by mildew in mid to late summer. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade). |
Ampelopsis megalophylla (Giant Pepper Vine) is hardy to -5 degrees Centigrade. Large, vigorous climber with huge deeply cut leaves to 2ft across and small green flowers followed by clusters of green, ripening to purple berries in autumn. The leaves turn red in autumn adding to the season of interest. Looks spectacular growing over a large pergola. Best for medium to large gardens. For part shade in moisture retentive soil. Deciduous. Prune side shoots back to 2-3 buds in when dormant. |
Azara dentata See Photo ---> |
Clusters of fragrant yellow flowers in spring, borne in profusion. Very sheltered aspect. Tolerates full sun to mid shade. |
May-Jun |
After 10 years - 96 x 96 (240 x 240) |
Bright green to glossy dark green with felted undersides. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh E Does well on most soils but dislikes excessive alkalinity and waterlogging. |
Use - As a fan-trained shrub for walls and fences in sheltered areas or in conservatories and greenhouses. This scented flowering evergreen is on the tender side, requiring the protection of a wall in winter if outside. Foliage - Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) long, bright green to glossy dark green with felted undersides. Stem - Light green to mid green. Upright when young, becoming more twiggy and spreading with age. Moderate rate of growth. |
Pruning - None required. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - None, apart from its lack of hardiness. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade).
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Azara lanceolata. Narrow, lanceolate leaves and mustard yellow flowers in early summer which are as fragrant as those of Azara dentata. Azara serrata. Often confused with Azara dentata, producing similar scented flowers under the edges of each leaf. Leaves more serrated. In hot climates, or in hot summers, small white berries may be produced. One of the hardier forms. |
Berberidopsis corallina is Coral plant |
Crimson, 0.6 inches (4 mm) long, globe-shaped, hanging in racemes and contrasting Very sheltered aspect. Best in light shade but will tolerate degrees either side. Does well under the protection of greenhouses or con-servatories. |
Jun-Sep |
After 10 years - 120 x 72 (300 x 180) |
Mid green with some orange/red shading towards autumn. |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs with least protruding growth when fan-trained Cl E Neutral to acid, may tolerate very limited amounts of alkalinity. High degree of organic matter required in soil to retain moisture for good growth. |
Use - As a small climbing evergreen shrub for sheltered walls and fences. Foliage - Evergreen, oblong, up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) in length, 1.5 inches (4cm) wide. Tooth-edged, mid green with some orange/red shading towards autumn. Stem - Not self-clinging. Light green to green/brown, sprawling and spreading. Slow to medium rate of growth. Fruit - May produce 0.25 inch (5 mm) round, red berries following hot summers, in late summer/early autumn. |
Pruning - Not normally required. Training - Allow to ramble through wires or other support. Individual branches may be supported and tied. Height/spread Problems - Its hardiness is suspect and it may be difficult to obtain but it is worth the effort. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade) but requires protection from cold winter winds. May be best in a greenhouse or conservatory. |
About Far Reaches Farm:-
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Bignonia capreolata (Doxantha capreolata) is Crossvine |
Long tubular flowers up to 2 inches 95 cms) long, yellow/red in colour, produced on stalks in clusters of 2 to5 in mid spring through to late summer, depending on planting location. Very sheltered aspect or under protection of greenhouse or conservatory. Light shade to full sun. Will tolerate deeper degree of shade but mau be shy to flower. |
This native plant to the USA is an early nectar source for butterflies and hummingbirds. |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Light green in colour. Yellow autumn colour. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl E Light sandy soil although must have moisture retention. Neutral to acid. |
Use - As an extremely spectacular flowering evergreen climber for very sheltered walls or fences in the open or for scrambling over wires under greenhouse or conservatory roofs. Also may be grown along the ground as groundcover where there is no frost. Foliage - Oblong leaflets make up a branching leaf presented at the end of long stalks, light green in colour. Yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green long tendrils, twisting but not self-clinging. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Narrow capsules with leathery appearance, light grey/green in colour. |
Pruning - Trim in spring to keep in desired area. Training - Tie when young then allow to ramble over wires or other framework. Height/spread Problems - Its hardiness is often overstated and availability may be difficult. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Centigrade). |
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Billardiera longiflora (Drymophila cyanocarpa) is Climbing Blueberry, Purple appleberry |
Yellow/green turning purple, borne singly over the total area of climber in mid summer. Requires a very sheltered aspect. Prefers light shade but will tolerate degrees either side. |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Light Green |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs with least protruding growth when fan-trained Cl E Neutral to acid although may tolerate small degrees of alkalinity. Requires a high organic content for best results. Mulch well with composted manure or compost. |
Use - As an attractive evergreen climber for sheltered walls and fences outside or for use under protection in greenhouse or conservatory in exposed, cold areas where frost occurs. Foliage - Hanging, narrow, lance-shaped light-green leaves, 1.75 inches (4.5 cm) long and 0.5 inches (1 cm) wide, leathery exterior; may be sparsely presented. Stem - Light green turning finally to green/brown, twining not self-clinging. Medium rate of growth. Fruit - Attractive and interesting oval-shaped, blue, 1 inch (2.5 cms) long fruits in mid autumn. |
Pruning - Trim lightly in spring. Training - Allow to grow over wires or up some type of framework. Height/spread Problems - Not fully hardy. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Centigrade). |
Billardiera longiflora 'Cherry Berry'. Creamy-white flowers followed by large red berries. Billardiera longiflora 'Fructo Albo'. White fruits. |
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Bougainvillea spectabilis is Great bougainvillea |
Tubular white flowers surrounded by large magenta bracts, up to 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide and long, carried in panicles 9-12 inches (23-30 cm) long. Must be in a fully protected aspect. Best in full sun bt will tolerate light shade. |
The plant shows a versatility to climates which allows it to flower continually throughout the year. At Westdale Nurseries, we have been steadily collecting varieties of bougainvillea from all over the world for a number of years and we now have over 200 varieties. |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs needing or responding Cl D If grown in large containers a good quality potting compost should be used. If grown in soil, the latter should be lightened with the addition of 25 per cent sand and 25 per cent sedge peat. |
Use - Although in all but the mildest of areas in the Uk, bougainvillea is included in this gallery, for its use as a deciduous climber for conservatories and large greenhouse planted in large containers, or in greenhouse borders. Foliage - Pointed, oval, grey/green to dull green, 1.5 inches (4 cm) long by 0.75 inches (2 cm) wide. Normally leathery in texture. The plant can support itself on other plants by means of thorns carried in the leaf axils. Bougainvillea likes a climate from subtropical to tropical, but prefers a tropical climate, growing in dense forests where it can cling and grab onto other plants to reach the sunlight. Stem - Angular, branching, grey/green, stiff, vigorous. Medium to fast growth rate. |
Pruning - Prune all previous season's shoots, other than those needed to form a structure, back to 1 inch 92.5 cm) from the base annually in early spring. Training - Tie to wires or individual anchor points. Heght/spread Problems - Foliage may be attacked by insects such as red spider or whitefly. Roots often attacked by mealy bug. Proprietary controls should be used. Keep ventilation as open as possible, particularly in winter, but do not allow temperature to drop below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Centigrade), since that is its mimimum winter temperature. |
Bougainvillea spectabilis 'Lady Wilson'. Cerise flowers. Bougainvillea spectabilis lateritia. Brick-red bracts. Bougainvillea spectabilis lindleyana 'Mrs Loise Wathen' (syn. Bougainvillea spectabilis lindleyana 'Orange King'). Cinnamon-coloured bracts. Bougainvillea spectabilis 'Mrs Butt'. Bright rose bracts. All varieties are difficult to obtain outside very temperate areas.
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Buddleia (Tender Forms) |
Racemes 3-12 inches (7.5-30 cm) long in a range of colours through white, pink, blue and orange in mid summer to late autumn. Very sheltered aspect. Full sun for preference but tolerates light shade.
The Buddleja Garden is a website about Buddlejas with original content and aims to provide useful information for both gardeners and plantsmen. |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Light green or grey-green |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs needing or responding Sh D or E Tolerates a wide soil range, ony disliking extremely dry conditions. Requires a high degree of organic material and plant nutrient for best results. |
Use - As large fan-trained or freestanding shrubs for walls and fences. Foliage - Lanceolate, 4-8 inches (10-20 cm) long, 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm) wide, light green or grey/green, often downy depending on variety. Stem - Grey/green, often downy when young, becoming grey/brown. Upright. Fast rate of growth. Fruit - Most forms produce small brown seedheads which have some limited winter attraction. List of Butterfly species that are attracted to Butterfly Bush flowers. |
Pruning - Prune back all previous season's growth, other than that required for training the main framework, to within 2 inches (5 cm) of its origin in early to mid spring. Training - Tie to wires or individual anchor points in a fan shape or allow to grow freestanding. Height/spread Problems - Often exceeds the allotted area. May suffer some winter die-back but normally regenerates. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade) but only with the protection of a large wall or fence. |
Buddleia auriculata. Lax growth carries fragrant creamy white flowers with yellow throats in panicles up to 2 inches (5 cm) across and 8 inches (20 cm) long. Lanceolate foliage 4 inches (10 cm) long, 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide, white felted underside, grey/green upper side in late summer to late autumn. Buddleia caryopteridifolia. Leaves oval to lanceolate, tooth-edged, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long, 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. Attractive grey/green. Stems covered with white woolly down. Fragrant lavender-blue flowers in panicles up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long in late spring/early summer. Buddleia colvillei. Long racemes of deep rose, tubular flowers, borne at the ends of the branches. Foliage ovate, grey/green with some yellow autumn colour. Buddleia colvillei 'Kewensis'. An attractive form with dark red flowers. Buddleia crispa. Fragrant, tubular lilac flowers, grey/green foliage. Buddleia fallowiana 'Alba'. Panicles of pure white flowers up to 15 inches (38 cm) long in early to mid summer. Attractive grey/green foliage, 10 inches (25 cm) long and up to 4 inches (10 cm) wide. Buddleia madagascariensis. Bold orange flowers, very prolific. Tender even in mild areas against walls, so best in greenhouses or conservatories. Buddleia salvifolia. Semi-evergreen lanceolate foliage up to 4 inches (10 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide, grey-green. Panicles of white to pale lilac flowers with orange markings in each tubular floret in mid to late summer. |
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Callistemon citrinus, Melaleuca citrina is Common red, crimson or lemon bottlebrush |
Tufted, brush-like spikes of red flowers, vey dense in formation, mid to late summer. Attracts bees, birds (as a source of food), and butterflies/moths. Requires a very protected aspect in full sun. Does not tolerate any shade. |
Jul-Aug Melaleuca citrina occurs in near coastal areas of New South Wales, including the Blue Mountains and extends as far west as the Central Western Slopes. It also occurs in the east coast areas of Victoria and grows in swamps and along creeks and rivers. |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Light green, often with red/orange shading or pronounced coloured veins. They release an aromatic lemon scent when bruised. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Good, rich, acid, well-drained, sandy soil. Dislikes any alkalinity. If planted in a container in conservatories and greenhouses, the diameter of the container must be at least 21 inches |(55 cm) and a lime-free potting compost must be used. |
Use - As a large, summer flowering evergreen shrub for mild districts such as outside in the Isle of Wight. Ideal in large conservatories and greenhouses. Foliage - Narrow, lanceolate leaves, 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) long, light green, often with red/orange shading or pronounced coloured veins. They release an aromatic lemon scent when bruised. Stem - Light green to grey/green, ageing to grey/brown. Upright when young, becoming more spreading with age. Medium rate of growth, slowing with age. Fruit - May produce interesting, tufted, light brown seedheads. |
Pruning - None required. Remove an old shoot occasionally to rejuvenate from the base. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Not to be grown in alkaline (chalky) soils or in locations with winter conditions well below freezing. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit 9-5 degrees Centigrade). |
Callistemon citrinus 'Splendens'. For the greatest flowering potential, grow this in front of a sunny wall or in a container which you can bring indoors in autumn. Plant beside a sheltered sunny wall for the best flower displays. To propagate, take cuttings in spring. Callistemon linearis has narrow, rigid, dark-green leaves with points on them. It bears red flowers in spikes up to 10cm in length from late spring to autumn. Callistemon pallidus has creamy yellow flowers that appear in the spring and last until mid summer. Height and spread 2m to 4m. Callistemon salignus is also known as the willow bottlebrush. This species can grow up 15m tall, with a spread of 5m. It has delicate lemon-coloured flowers and papery white bark. Callistemon viridiflorus bears yellow-green flowers and has densely arranged sharp-pointed dark-green leaves. It grows to a height of 1.5m and spread of 2m. |
Camellia japonica The American Camellia Society is a national membership
International Camellia Society |
Semi-double, blood-red flowers. A sheltered sunless aspect. It prefers light to mid shade, dislikes full sun. Galleries of images of Camellias by Jim |
Feb-Apr Camellias are one of the three large tribes of trees and shrubs that dominate many Cornish gardens, the others being Rhododendrons and Magnolias. Both the soil and the climate suit them well so that they thrive in most situations. The association with Cornwall is such that four of the five Plant Heritage national collections are in Cornwall. The williamsii hybrids are so named after J.C. Williams, the Cornish landowner who first raised the cross. As well as the national collections at Mt Edgcumbe, Anthony House, Heligan and Tregothnan, extensive collections can be seen at Tregrehan, Trewithen, Trewidden and Caerhays, to name just four. |
200 x 160 |
Dark Green |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Must have an acid soil; dislikes any alkalinity. If in a conservatory or greenhouse a container of not less than 21 inches (55 cm) must be used, with a lime-free compost.
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Use - As a fan-trained evergreen shrub for shady, protected walls and fences. Can be used to a good effect in a large conservatory as a wall specimen. Flowers of Camellia japonica - Large, cup-shaped flowers in a wide range of colours, may be single, semi-double, anemone or peony-shaped, loose double or tight double, depending on variety. Sizes range from small to very large. Foliage of Camellia japonica - Dark, glossy-green upper surfaces, with grey/green undersides. Ovate to oblong, 3-4 inches |(7.5-10 cm) long and 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide. Stem of Camellia japonica - Bright to dark green. Upright. Forming a stiff, solid shrub that can be fan-trained. A few varieties are more laxly presented. Slow to medium rate of growth.
Camellias - Ht 1-2m in 10-15 years, ultimately 3-4m or more. The Glendoick Camellia selection are the best from the 100s we have tested. Most Camellias are not suitable for Scotland. The best are C. x williamsii and related. Plant in almost full sun but shelter from the worst winds and easterly exposure. Camellias flower in March-April-May outdoors in Scotland. They enjoy a well-drained, moderately acid soil fairly rich in organic matter. You may be advised to protect them when first planted from late Spring frosts. |
Pruning of Camellia japonica - None required. May be cut back to keep within bounds. Young plants may be improved by removing one third of previous season's growth, after flowering, for first 2-3 years. Training of Camellia japonica - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-training shape. Height/spread of Camellia japonica Problems of Camellia japonica - Often planted on alkaline (chalky) soils, where it fails, or in full sun, which it dislikes. Flowers can be damaged by frost in exposed areas. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade), but may shed leaves in harsh conditions, occasionally causing plant to fail.
Flower Shape - Anemone - Several rows large outer petals with centre intermingled and stamens Double - Multi rows of petals, no stamen showing Formal double - Multi rows of petals in a symmetrical shape, no stamen showing Paeony - Mass mixed irregular petals, with or without stamens Semi-double - Two rows of petals with conspicuous stamens Single - Row of petals round conspicuous stamens - no more than 8 petals |
Camellia japonica 'Cornish Snow'. Single, small white flowers, a very attractive small-leaved variety. Camellia japonica 'Apollo'. Semi-double rose-red flowers, sometimes with white blotches. Camellia japonica 'Arejeshi' - Arejishi is corruption of Japanese name Arajishi. Rose-red, peony-shaped flowers. Camellia japonica 'Betty Sheffield Supreme'. Semi-double, white, peony-shaped flowers with rose pink or red edges to each petal. Camellia japonica 'Contessa Lavinia Maggi'. Double white or pale pink flowers with cerise stripes. Camellia japonica 'Elegans'. Peach pink, large flowers. Anemone flower formation. Camellia japonica 'Madame Victor de Bisschop' (Syn 'Le Lys'). Semi-double, white flowers. Camellia japonica 'Mars'. Red, semi-double flowers. Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Alba'. Double white flowers of great beauty. Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana Rosea'. A double pink form. Camellia japonica 'Mercury'. Deep crimson flowers, semi-double in form. Camellia japonica 'Nagasaki'. Semi-double, rose pink flowers with white stripes. Camellia japonica 'Tricolor'. Semi-double white flowers with carmine or pink stripe. Camellia x 'Mary Christian'. Single, clear pink flowers. Tall growing. Camellia x williamsii 'Donation'. Clear pink, semi-double flowers. Possibly the best known camellia. Height 96 inches (250 cm). The above are just a selected few of the many hundreds of varieties available. |
Ceanothus (Evergreen Forms) |
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Clematis florida 'Bicolor' |
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Clianthus puniceus |
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Corokia x virgata |
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Coronilla glauca |
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Decumaria barbara |
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Drimys winteri |
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Eccremocarpus scaber |
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Eriobotrya japonica |
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x Fatshedera lizei |
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Fatsia japonica |
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Feijoa sellowiana |
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Hoya carnosa |
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Ipomoea hederacea |
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Jasminum mesnyi |
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Jasminum officinale (Variegated Forms) |
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Jasminum polyanthum |
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Lagerstroemia indica |
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Lapageria rosea |
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Lomatia myricoides |
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Lonicera splendida |
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Mandevilla splendens |
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Melianthus major |
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Myrtus communis |
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Passiflora caerulea |
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Pittosporum |
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Plumbago capensis |
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Rhodochiton atro-sanguineum |
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Solanum jasminoides |
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Sollya fusiformis |
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Sophora tetraptera |
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Stauntonia hexaphylla |
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Teucrium fruticans |
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Thunbergia alata |
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Trachelo-spermum asiaticum |
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Trachelo-spermum jasminoides |
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Wattaka-ka sinensis |
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"Many other climbers and wall shrubs may perform well with this type of cultivation but those listed above are the most reliable." from The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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Abutilon x suntense 'Jermyns' |
Large, open, saucer-shaped flowers in very rich mauve. |
May-Jun |
160 x 96 |
Strong felted stems and greyish, 12 cm (5 inch) leaves with 3 or 5 distinct lobes and serrated edges |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. Foliage - Strong felted stems and greyish, 12 cm (5 inch) leaves with 3 or 5 distinct lobes and serrated edges. Hardy in coastal and relatively mild parts of the UK except in severe winters and a risk from sudden (early) frosts. May be hardy elsewhere with wall shelter or good micro-climate. Likely to be damaged or killed in cold winters. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -5°C (23°F) |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. Full Sun - shelter from cold, drying winds. |
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Abutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' , Corynabutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' |
Large, delicate white flowers |
May-Jul |
120-180 x |
Grey-green leaves. |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. Foliage - Young shoots and foliage are covered with hair. |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. |
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Akebia quinata is Chocolate vine |
Pendent racemes 3-5 inches (7.5-12.5 cm) long of male flowers up to 0.25 inches (5mm) wide, pale purple in colour. Fragrant. Chocolate-purple female flowers, usually in pairs and 1-1.25 inches (2.5-3 cm). Needs some protection in exposed aspects. From light shade to full sun, but needs protection from strong, midday summer sun. |
Mar-May
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After 10 years - 216 x 216 (550 x 550) |
Light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D to E Tolerates most soil conditions except waterlogged. Good on alkaline types. |
Use - For growing up through other shrubs or small trees or against non-house walls and fences giving a display of unusual fruit, or in a conservatory or greenhouse. Foliage - 5 leaflets carried on a single stalk up to 3-5 inches 97.5-12 cm) long; each leaflet oblong to oval in shape, 1.5-3 inches (4-7.5 cm) long with short 1.5 inch (4 cm) stalk,; light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green to grey green, loosely twining, wiry in nature. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Attractive sausage-shaped grey/violet fruit, 2.5-3.5 inches (6-9 cm) long, splitting lengthwise when ripe. Produced in early autumn. |
Pruning - Allow to grow free; every 5 or 6 years lightly trim in early spring with hedging shears. Training - Leave to ramble over wires on walls and fences, or over shrubs and trees. Height/spread Problems - A little unruly in its habit. Flowers and fruit may be hidden both by its own foliage and that of the host it is climbing in. |
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Caesalpinia gilliesii is Crimson Threadflower, Yellow Bird of Paradise, Bird of paradise bush |
Produces large erect racemes of up to 40 individual yellow flowers with scarlet stamens, which flowers are 3.5cm (1½in) across in erect racemes 15-30 (6-12in) long. Full Sun |
Juniper Level Botanic Garden (JLBG), established in 1988, actively promotes and preserves botanic diversity by bridging the gap between botany and horticulture through plant study, identification, educational outreach, and plant exploration, both in the US and abroad. |
72-120 x 36-96 |
Mid- to dark-green 2 pinnate leaves to 20cm (8in) long with many oblong leaflets. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Fertile moist well-drained soil or loam-based compost (JI No. 3) under glass with added leaf mould in conservatory. |
Use - Erect to spreading shrub or small tree, which can be grown outside in summer. Plant can withstand temperatures down to 5°C (41°F), so is best inside a container within a conservatory in the UK. Good cut flowers. Flowers on the new growth, it can be trimmed or coppiced every Autumn or can be trained to form a small tree. Best to grow in large pots on the patio (or planted in the garden for the Summer) but in Britain, it should be overwintered frost free in an unheated room or in conservatory. |
Pruning - Plants under glass may need a restrictive prune after the first flush of flowers. Problems - Needs frost protection except in the mildest locations. |
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Acacia dealbata is Mimosa, Silver Wattle
In South Africa, the species is a Category 1 weed in the Western Cape (requiring eradication) and Category 2 weed (requiring control outside plantation areas) elsewhere. In New Zealand the Department of Conservation class it as an environmental weed. |
The flowers are produced in large racemose inflorescences made up of numerous smaller globose bright yellow flowerheads of 13–42 individual flowers. The flowers and tip shoots are harvested for use as cut flowers, when it is known by florist trade as "mimosa". |
Jan-Apr In spring the scented, nectar-rich blooms provide a valuable source of food for bees and other insects. |
600-1200 x 240-360 |
Evergreen fern-like 2-pinnate, hairy leaves, 12cm (5in) long, each with 40-80 linear, glaucous to silvery leaflets. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Tr E Does best in light, well-drained soil. Severe alkaline conditions will cause chlorosis. |
Use - As a freestanding, upright or fan-trained tree against very sheltered large wall, where they gain from the protection. It does not survive prolonged frost. Foliage - Attractive grey-green, cut-leaved foliage 6-10 inches (15-25 cms) long and 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) wide. Stem - Blue tinged grey/green, fast growing. Adapts to training. |
Pruning - None except for training in a fan or upright shape. Training - Will require fixing to wires or individual anchor points.
Height/spread 10 years - 132 x 132 (340 x 340) freestanding 20 years - 168 x 168 (430 x 430) freestanding Protrudes up to 36 inches (91 cms) from support if fan-trained, 156 inches (400 cms) untrained.
Problems - May rarely survive outside the mildest areas in the UK. Tolerant of low temperatures, but not surviving being frozen. Except in frost-free inner-city areas or coastal extremities requires glasshouse conditions. Plant can withstand temperatures down to 1°C (34°F). |
Acacia dealbata (Silver wattle, mimosa). Fern-like, silver-green foliage, masses of yellow flowers in Jan-Apr. One of the hardest forms. Requires glasshouse conditions in UK. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Annual for ----------------
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
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Use in |
Use in |
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Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
Shape of |
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Use in Bedding Out |
Use in |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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1a. |
1b. |
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2b. |
3a. |
3c. |
Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elaborated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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Topic |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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Cream |
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White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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Flowering plants of |
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Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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