Botanical Index Q

Ivydene Gardens Plant Botanical Index Gallery:
Index: Q

Plant Botanical Name:
QA, QB, QC, QD

Plant Botanical Name:
QE, QF, QG, QH

Plant Botanical Name:
QI, QJ, QK, Ql

Evergreen Tree

TREES - EVERGREEN - GALLERY PAGES	Blue, White, Yellow, Green for Orange and Other Colours with Red and Pink in one page (shown in the Colour Wheel as Red, Purple and Pink) Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below in the EVERGREEN TREE Gallery. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.


TREES - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES FLOWER COLOUR Blue Orange Other Colours Pink Red (o)White Yellow FOLIAGE COLOUR Black Blue Brown Bronze (o)Green Grey Purple Red Silver Variegated White Variegated Yellow White Yellow 4 Season Colour

TREES - EVERGREEN - GALLERY PAGES SHAPE Columnar Oval (o)Rounded Flattened Spherical Narrow Conical Broad Conical Egg-shaped Broad Ovoid Narrow Vase-shaped Fan-shaped Broad Fan-shaped Narrow Weeping Broad Weeping Single-stem Palm Multi-stem Palm FRUIT COLOUR Fruit FLOWER BED PICTURES Garden	Evergreen Tree Height from Text Border
	Brown = 0-240 inches (0-600 cms) with Evergreen Trees in Page A-C	Blue = 240-480 inches (600-1200 cms) with Conifer Plants in Page A-C and Conifer Gallery	Green = 480+ inches (1200+ cms)	Red = Potted with Climbers and Wall Shrubs for Large Pots and Con-tainers in Pages 1, 2	Black = Small Garden with Tree/Shrub for Small Garden in Pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12, 13,14, 15,16, uses of tree/ shrub
	Evergreen Tree Soil Moisture from Text Background
		Wet Soil	Moist Soil	Dry Soil
	The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :- Blue = 0-2 feet, Green = 2-6 feet, Red = 6+ feet to:- Brown = 0-240 inches (0-600 cms) for Small Trees, Blue = 240-480 inches (600-1200 cms) for Medium Trees, Green = 480+ inches (1200+ cms) for Large Trees, Red = Potted Trees - Trees kept in Pots on Patio Area Black = Small Garden - Trees in the ground which are suitable for a Small garden
	Click on thumbnail to change page to the Plant Description Page of the Evergreen Tree named in the Text box below that photo. The Comments Row of that Evergreen Tree Description Page details where that Evergreen Tree is available from.

Evergreen Tree Name	Flower Colour Flower Thumbnail	Flowering Months	Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot 12 inches = 30 cms, 24 inches = 2 feet, 3 feet = 1 yard, 40 inches = 100 cms) Form	Foliage Colour Foliage Thumbnail	Use

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

Ivydene
Horticultural
Services

......

See growing guides from Hayloft. Hayloft specify the hardiness, best aspect, soil type, and soil pH with planting and care tips.

Alistair and Myra describe how their plants performed in their garden - over 40 years - in Scotland in Aberdeen Gardening.

Oak Leaf Gardening started in 2009 has detailed sections on Plants, How To, Problems and Blog.

All plant images (click and drag. If Archive Entry on page, click it to get his text information about that plant) created by John Jearrard are made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.

The Hardy Plant Society has an image library, where the images are freely available for use, under certain conditions.

Plants for Small Gardens Nursery sell Dwarf Hardy, Rockery and Alpine Plants for today's miniature size gardens in the UK of 2021.

Plants to Plant sell plants in 3 inch (9cm) pots mail-order to the UK, from a wholesale company. Each website description includes photos with names of perfect companions.

There are over 650 National Plant Collections in the UK, Ireland and Channel Islands. Search the National Plant Collections.

See photos of 152 plants by S. R. Hinsley.

Green Retreats have designed and installed over 13,000 garden rooms for different uses.
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Gardening Australia Guide - Everything You Need To Know About Gardening

Naturalize -
The practice of growing certain plants under as natural conditions as possible.
For example; daffodils are said to be naturalized when they are planted in grass and left to look after themselves.
The term is also used to describe plants from foreign countries which have established themselves so well in the country into which they have been introduced that they behave like native plants; and are able to maintain themselves without the aid of the gardener.

Companion Planting
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z
...Pest Control
...using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

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In The Garden of Paghat the Ratgirl, data comes from her practical experience in USDA Zone 8. Use Garden Indexes.

Mr PGC travels the USA, Canada and Europe gathering information/ photos. Click on Alphabet letter of Plant Genus Index Pages.

White Flower Farm has Display Gardens open from Apr-Oct in USA and Garden Help.

Missouri Botanical Garden maps - of 79 acres - the plants. Use Plantfinder to see plant details of over 7,500 plants, with garden locations.

Plant Combination Ideas by Gardenia for winning design ideas.

Denver Botanic Gardens has gardens and collections on 24 acres. The plants are detailed in The Gardens Navigator website and show where you can see it in the 24 acres.

North Creek Nurseries sell Landscape Plugs of plants native to midatlantic states of USA.

Fall is for planting Wildflower seeds in USA.

American Horticultural Therapy Association advancing the practice of Horticultural Therapy
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Country Farm Perennials Travel Pty Ltd conduct Australian and Overseas Gourmet Garden Holidays

Climber -
Grow Ramblers (Ra) or
Scramblers (Sc) on supports on House-Walls and elsewhere.
Grow Self-Clingers - like
Aerial Roots (Ar),
Sucker Pads (Sp),
Twining (Tw),
Twining Leaf-Stem (Twl) or
Twining Tendrils (TwT) - on garden walls, chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or fedges, but not for House-Walls.

Clematis Cultivation Groups -
1 = Group 1,
2 = Group 2
3 = Group 3
4 = Herbaceous Climber

Initial Site design and content copyright ©Between August and October 2021.
Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.

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Great Plant Picks has plant lists for gardeners for the maritime Northwest of Washington, Oregon and British Columbia.

Did you know there are over 26,000 photos of pacific northwest native plants in our graphics library that you may use at no charge?

A Nature Observer's Journey in Singapore has a Plant Pictorial Database on his Plant Observatory Page with his conditions on use of Photos for non-commercial use.

The Useful Tropical Plants Database contains information on the edible, medicinal and many other uses of 1,000's of plants that can be grown in tropical regions.

South African Flora detailed by SANBI.

Real small-scale plants in a Garden Railway.
Trains4U is a Model Railway Specialist Firm with Scenic Materials including Trees, Bushes and Plants.
The Model Tree Shop for Model Railways, War Gaming and Landscaping Materials.

For a UK garden to truly thrive, it needs Bees, birds, butterflies and garden mammals.

Instaplant creates carpet bedding and 3D displays. Annual change of UK garden to Windmill or Dragon or mobile it to another garden

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape and
Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row), Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

Plant Botanical Name:
QM, QN, QO, QP

Plant Botanical Name:
QQ, QR, QS, QT

Plant Botanical Name:
QU, QV, QW, QXYZ

QXYZ

Form of Perennials, Annuals, Bulbs, Climbers:-
Mat-forming.
Stems densely cover the ground and the flowers extend above.
Prostrate or Trailing.
Stems spread out on the ground and the flowers are borne close to the foliage.
Cushion or Mound-forming.
Tightly packed stems form a low clump and the flowers are close to the foliage.
Spreading or Creeping.
Stems extend horizontally then ascend, forming a densely packed mass.
Clump-forming.
Leaf-stalks and flower stems arise at ground level to form a dense mass.
Stemless.
Leaf-stalks and flower stems arise at ground level.
Erect or Upright.
Upright stems stand vertical, supporting leaves and the flowers.
Climbing and Scandent.
Long flexible stems are supported by other plants or structures.
Arching.
Long upright stems arch over from the upright towards the ground.

------

What to do about Subsidence caused by Clay? Page explains what to do about trees/shrubs/hedges that may damage the foundations of your property.
What happened to a new building, which was caused by the builder, 6 years after it was built. The new owner was then landed with a large bill. The Builder warranty is first 2 years, then years 3-10 can be covered by NHBC Buildmark.

Most modern houses cannot afford large shrubs, trees or hedges within 10 feet = 120 inches = 300cms of a house wall or a garden wall, so it is best to use:-
Growing Edibles in Containers inside your home,
and
Soft Fruit List with soft fruit bush (Blueberry, Gooseberry, Blackcurrant, Redcurrant, Whitecurrant or Jostaberry) instead of a shrub from the shrub lists provides you with the size of shrub suitable for most current gardens.
The Raspberry may be used as a mini-hedge in the garden to separate areas or against your boundary fences/walls.
The Blackberry, Boysenberry and Tayberry cane climbers can also be used as mini-hedges or to clothe walls/fences/pergolas.
They all provide you with edible fruit. The Soft Fruit Gallery compares colour photographs of some soft fruits,
and
Choosing a top fruit tree or remaining top fruit instead of a tree from the tree list provides you with a plant of a size that is suitable for most current gardens. These trees also produce edible fruit. Further details in these galleries -
Top Fruit Apple, Cherry, Pear
or
You could use 1 of the trees from the Deciduous and Evergreen Trees suitable for Small Gardens.

------

The overall amount of sunlight received depends on aspect, the direction your garden faces:-
North-facing gardens get the least light and can be damp.
South-facing gardens get the most light.
East-facing gardens get morning light.
West-facing gardens get afternoon and evening light.

-----

Acid Site - An acid soil has a pH value below 7.0. Clay soils are usually acid and retentive of moisture, requiring drainage. The addition of grit or coarse sand makes them more manageable. Peaty soil is acidic with fewer nutrients and also requires drainage.
Alkaline Soil - An alkaline soil has a pH value above 7.0. Soils that form a thin layer over chalk restrict plant selection to those tolerant of drought.
Bank / Slope problems include soil erosion, surface water, summer drought and poor access (create path using mattock to pull an earth section 180 degrees over down the slope). Then, stabilise the earth with 4 inches (10cms) depth of spent mushroom compost under the chicken wire; before planting climbers/plants through it.
Cold Exposed Inland Site is an area that is open to the elements and that includes cold, biting winds, the glare of full sun, frost and snow - These plants are able to withstand very low temperatures and those winds in the South of England.

Tree/Shrub Shape:-

columnarshape1a1a1a Columnar Tree/Shrub Form

A tree shape designed by nature to be a haven for nesting birds.

ovalshape1a1a1a Oval Tree/Shrub Form

roundedshape1a1a1a Rounded or Spherical Tree/Shrub Form

flattenedsphericalshape1a1a1a Flattened Spherical Tree/Shrub Form

narrowconicalshape1a1a1a Narrow Conical/ Narrow Pyramidal Tree/Shrub Form.
These are neat and shapely, thus being trees for the tidy gardener. The narrowness of the tree means that bands of dense shade sweep across the garden - never creating dense shade in one area all day.

broadconicalshape1a1a1a Broad Conical/ Broad Pyramidal Tree/Shrub Form.

These are neat and shapely, thus being trees for the tidy gardener.

eggshapedshape1a1a1a Ovoid/ Egg-Shaped Tree/Shrub Shape

broadovoidshape1a1a1a Broad Ovoid Tree/Shrub Shape

Broad-headed trees usually cast a large area of light dappled shade and have broad spreading branches so loved by birds and animals.

-----

Surface soil moisture is the water that is in the upper 10 cm (4 inches) of soil, whereas root zone soil moisture is the water that is available to plants, which is generally considered to be in the upper 200 cm (80 inches) of soil:-
Wet Soil has Saturated water content of 20-50% water/soil and is Fully saturated soil.
Moist Soil has Field capacity of 10-35% water/soil and is Soil moisture 2–3 days after a rain or irrigation.
Dry Soil has Permanent wilting point of 1-25% water/soil and is Minimum soil moisture at which a plant wilts.
Residual water content of 0.1-10% water/soil and is Remaining water at high tension.
Available Water Capacity for plants is the difference between water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point.

-----

Dust and Pollution Barrier - Plants with large horizontal leaves are particularly effective in filtering dust from the environment, with mature trees being capable of filtering up to 70% of dust particles caused by traffic. Plants can also help offset the pollution effects of traffic. 20 trees are needed to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by 1 car driven for 60 miles.
Front of Border / Path Edges - Soften edges for large masses of paving or lawn with groundcover plants. Random areas Within Paths can be planted with flat-growing plants. Other groundcover plants are planted in the Rest of Border.

Tree/Shrub Shape:-

invertedovoidshape1a1a1a Narrow Vase-Shaped/ Inverted Ovoid Tree/Shrub Shape

fanshaped1a1a1a1 Fan-Shaped/ Vase-Shaped Tree/Shrub Shape

broadfanshapedshape1a1a1a Broad Fan-Shaped/ Broad Vase-Shaped Tree/Shrub Shape

Broad-headed trees usually cast a large area of light dappled shade and have broad spreading branches so loved by birds and animals.

narrowweepingshape1a1a1a Narrow Weeping Tree/Shrub Shape

Very useful for children to use as a secret den. The narrowness of the tree means that bands of dense shade sweep across the garden - never creating dense shade in one area all day.

broadweepingshape1a1a1a Broad Weeping Tree/Shrub Shape

Single-stemmed Palm, Cycad, or similar tree Tree/Shrub Shape

Multi-stemmed Palm, Cycad, or similar Tree Tree/Shrub Shape

-----

Other uses of plants:-
Crevices Garden Use
Hanging Basket Use
Large Leaves Use
Pollution Barrier 1, 2 Use
Rock Garden Use
Thorny Hedge Use
Trees for Lawns Use
Windbreak Use
Non-Tree Plants in Woodland Use
Gardens by the Bay is the place to find perfect companions for all your bulbs, perennials and ornamental grasses.

-----

Sun Aspect:-
Full Sun: At least 6 full hours of direct sunlight. Many sun lovers enjoy more than 6 hours per day, but need regular water to endure the heat.
Part Shade: 3 - 6 hours of sun each day, preferably in the morning and early afternoon. The plant will need some relief from the intense late afternoon sun, either from shade provided by a nearby tree or planting it on the east side of a building.
Dappled Sun - DS in Part Shade Column: Dappled sunlight is similar to partial shade. It is the sun that makes its way through the branches of a deciduous tree. Woodland plants and underplantings prefer this type of sunlight over even the limited direct exposure they would get from partial shade.
Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight each day, with filtered sunlight during the rest of the day. Full shade does not mean no sun.

-----

Seaside Plants that deal with salt-carrying gales and blown sand; by you using copious amounts of compost and thick mulch to conserve soil moisture.
Sound Barrier - The sound waves passing through the plant interact with leaves and branches, some being deflected and some being turned into heat energy. A wide band of planting is necessary to achieve a large reduction in the decibel level.
Wind Barrier - By planting a natural windbreak you will create a permeable barrier that lets a degree of air movement pass through it and provide shelter by as far as 30 times their height downwind.
Woodland ground cover under the shade of tree canopies.

Heather Evergreen Shrubs of Andromeda, Calluna, Daboecia and Erica

HEATHER EVERGREEN SHRUB COMPARISON GALLERY PAGES

"Handy Guide to Heathers - Descriptions & Suppliers of over 1000 varieties" by David & Anne Small. Published in 1992 by Denbeigh Heather Nurseries in the UK. ISBN 0-9519160-0-9.
It provides a handy reference to descriptions of heathers in the genera Andromeda, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Daboecia and Erica which are commercially cultivated in Britain, Europe and North America. The information has very largely come from the work of the Heather Society on producing an International Register of all heather names irrespective of whether they are in commercial use or not.

(o) Heather COMMENTS

Some heathers besides having flowers have foliage colours that change from 1 season to the next season in the UK -

Spring (March, April, May),
Summer (June, July, August),
Autumn (September, October, November) and
Winter (December, January, February).

This Comparison Gallery provides comparison pages of the:-

18 flower colours with flower and flower stalk as shown in the menu table above,
18 flower colours with flower and flower stalk in each of the months that heather flowers,
7 foliage colours with foliage stalk and form per season as shown in the menu table above, and
Each of the Heather Cultivar Groups with flowers

and the Index for the heathers shown in each of these Comparison Pages is in 1 or more Index Pages in the relevant Heather Evergreen Shrub Index Gallery instead of being in the same Comparison page, due to their being too many to include within the available space.
THIS COMBINATION OF FOLIAGE COLOUR CHANGE CAN BE USED IN YOUR GARDEN DESIGN TO AID DIFFERENT GROUNDCOVER FOLIAGE COLOURS IN DIFFERENT SEASONS, together with the months of flower buds before flowering and the post months of seedheads.

Flower Colour
H0 to H16 are the Flower Colour Codes from The Heather Society - see the colours in the Heather Gallery
or
in the Table below this one

Heather
Evergreen Shrub Species Name with link to its Comparison Page
or
Cultivar or Hybrid Name with link to its Description Page

Flower Colour

Flowering Months

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
(1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12" = 1 foot = 30 cms)

Foliage Colour

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

Andromeda polifolia

"A dwarf plant of the northern hemisphere found in Europe, North America ad Japan. The majority of the species grown in gardens emanate from the Japanese population where they are found on well separated mountains, each having distinctive groups of plants."

Andromeda polifolia 'Alba'

White - H0

May,
June

6 x 16
(15 x 40)

Dark Grey

Bruckenthalia spiculifolia

"A dwarf, heather like shrub with tiny dense foliage with flowers displayed above the plant in short compact racemes. Ideal for the heather garden with a flowering season earlier than most Daboecia and Erica cinerea."

"Erica spiculifolia (Bruckenthalia) - Bruckenthalia's beautiful name has been changed to plain old Erica." from Heaths and Heathers.

See Erica spiculifolia below.

Calluna vulgaris are listed in the Calluna vulgaris B Gallery Pages
A-C
D-G
H-L
M-R
S-Z

"Calluna prefers light acid soils. It will grow in any lime free soil but growth is less vigourous in heavier soils. Calluna will perform better in open sunny situations, this being particularly true for those exhibiting foliage colour variations."

'Boskoop' - H3
callunavulgarisboskoopflot9

Lavender - H3

August, Sep-tember

12 x 18
(30 x 45)

Rich Gold

Orange with Red tints

'Bunsall' - H2
callunacflosbunsalldeeproot1

Mauve - H2

August, Sep-tember

12 x 18
(30 x 45)

Yellow

Orange and Brown

'Coccinea' - H10
callunavulgariscoccineaflot9

Purple - H10

August, Sep-tember,
October

10 x 10
(25 x 25)

Dark Grey-Green

'County Wicklow' - H16
callunacfloscountywicklowdeeproot

Shell Pink (H16)

August, Sep-tember, October, November

12 x 18
(30 x 45)

Medium Green

'Cuprea ' - H3

Lavender - H3

August, Sep-tember,
October

12 x 12
(30 x 30)

Copper

Warm bronze red

'John F. Letts' - H3

Lavender - H3

Sep-tember, October

4 x 10
(10 x 25)

Gold

Bronze

Red and Orange

'Orange Queen' - H3
callunacflosorangequeendeeproot

Lavender - H3

August, Sep-tember

14 x 18
(35 x 45)

Golden-Yellow

Bronze

Orange

'Red Pimpernel' - H13
callunacflosredpimperneldeeproot1

Crimson - H13

August, Sep-tember, October, November

8 x 18
(20 x 45)

Dark Green

'Sirsson' - H8

Pink - H8

August, September

12 x 20
(30 x 50)

Gold

Orange to Red

'Stefanie' - H0
callunacflosstefaniedeeproot1

White - H0

Sep-tember, October,
November

10 x 14
(25 x 35)

Bright Green

'Sunset' - H11

Lilac-Pink - H11

August, Sep-tember,
October

8 x 18
(20 x 45)

Bronzing

Gold

Red

'Velvet Fascination' - H0
callunacflosvelvetfascinationdeeproot1

White - H0

August, Sep-tember

20 x 28
(50 x 70)

Soft, Silvery Grey-Green

'White Lawn' - H0
callunacflo99vulgariswhitelawngarnonswilliams

White - H0

August, Sep-tember

2 x 16
(5 x 40)

Clear Green

'Winter Chocolate' - H3

Lavender - H3

August, Sep-tember,
October

8 x 18
(20 x 45)

New growth is Salmon

Gold foliage with Pink tips

Intense Red

Daboecia azorica

"This species is found growing in the azores up to a height of 2000m, but despite this, clones so far collected are easily damaged by -5 degrees C frosts. It is distinguished from Daboecia cantabrica by being a more diminuative plant with smaller leaves and flowers with no hairs on the corolla. Plants sold under this name are usually Daboecia x scotica."

Daboecia cantabrica

"St. Daboec's heath has broad leaves, white on the underside, and large flowers which drop when finished. They will tolerate a little shade but should not be planted directly under trees. They are remarably resistant to drought. Some cultivars suffer in winter if planted in heavy ground, frost hollows, or in cold windy aspects."

'Bicolor' - H0 and H9
daboeciaflotcantabricabicolor

White, Pink and Beetroot Red - H17

July, August,
Sep-tember, October,
November

12 x 24
(30 x 60)

Mid-Green

Daboecia x scotica

"This group of plants consist of hybrids between Daboecia cantabrica and Daboecia azorica. They have the compactness of Daboecia azorica and hardiness of Daboecia cantabrica. Cultural details as for Daboecia cantabrica."

'Bearsden' - H11
daboeciacflosbearsdendeeproot1

Lilac-Pink - H11

June, July, August, Sep-tember, October, November

12 x 18
(30 x 45)

Dark Green

Erica arborea

"A tree heath which in our UK climate may reach 3-5 metres. It is not as tolerant of lime as is commonly supposed and is best grown in acid conditions. Young plants should be shaped in the early years to avoid untidy growth. It is not generally very hardy but there are exceptions. Can be damaged by heavy snowfalls but will break from the base again."

'Estrella Gold' - H0
ericacflo99arboreaestrellagoldkavanagh1a

White - H0

April, May

48 x 30
(120 x 75)

Lime-Green tipped bright Yellow

Lime-Green

Erica australis

"Tree heaths with rather straggly growth preferring acid soils. However, their flowers, large and showy, are outstanding. Prone to snow and wind damage."

Erica carnea are listed in the Erica carnea Gallery

"One of the hardiest of all heaths and very easy to grow in almost any soil. All exhibit a dwarf carpeting habit and with few exceptions rarely require pruning. Care must be taken when pruning as Erica carnea buds as early as July in the UK. It is safer to prune immediately after the flowers have faded. Prune around the edges and very lightly over the top of the plant. The flowering times of Erica carnea vary markedly, plants in milder climates being as much as 2 months earler than in colder conditions. Generally they can be expected to show flower for 6-8 weeks within the time span stated."

Erica
carnea
'Barry Sellers'
10 x 12
(25 x 30)

ericacarneacflosbarrysellersdeeproot1a
Magenta - H14

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Carnea'
6 x 14
(15 x 35)

ericacarneacfloscarneadeeproot1
Shell Pink - H16

March, April

Erica
carnea 'Challenger'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacfloschallengerdeeproot1a1
Crimson - H13

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'December Red'
8 x 18
(20 x 45)

ericacarneacflosdecemberreddeeproot1a
Heliotrope - H12

December, January, February

Erica
carnea
'Foxhollow Fairy'
6 x 14
(15 x 35)

ericacarneacflosfoxhollowfairydeeproot1a
Pink - H8

December, January, February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Golden Starlet'
6 x 16
(15 x 40)

ericacarneacflosgoldenstarletdeeproot1
White - H0

December, January,
February, March

Erica
carnea
'Heathwood'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

Ericacarneaheathwoodcflogarnonswilliams1
Lilac Pink - H11

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Ice Princess'
6 x 14
(15 x 35)

ericacarneacfloiceprincessdeeproot1a
White - H0

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Isabell'
6 x 14
(15 x 35)

ericacarneacflosisabelldeeproot1a
White - H0

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'James Backhouse'
6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Ericacarneacjbackhousecflogarnonswilliams
Lavender - H3

March, April

Erica
carnea
'John Pook'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosjohnpookdeeproot1a1
Lilac Pink - H11

January, February, March

Erica
carnea
'King George'
6 x 10
(15 x 25)

ericacarneacfloskinggeorgedeeproot1a1
Pink - H8

December, January,
February, March

Erica
carnea
'Martin'
6 x 16
(15 x 40)

Ericacarneamartincflogarnonswilliams1
Pink - H8

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Myretoun Ruby'
8 x 18
(20 x 45)

Ericacarneamyretounrubycflo1garnonswilliams1
Heliotrope - H12

January, February,
March, April, May

Erica
carnea
'Nathalie'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosnathaliedeeproot1a
Purple - H10

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Orient'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosorientdeeproot1a
Lilac Pink - H11

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Porter's Red'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosportersreddeeproot1a1
Magenta - H14

January, February,
March, April, May

Erica
carnea
'Robert Jan'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosrobertjandeeproot1a
Purple - H10

December, January, February

Erica
carnea
'Rosalie'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacflosrosaliedeeproot1a
Pink - H8

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Rosantha'
6 x 14
(15 x 35)

ericacarneacflosrosanthadeeproot
Rose Pink - H7

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Rotes Juwel'
6 x 12
(15 x 30)

ericacarneacflosrotesjuweldeeproot1a
Beetroot - H9

November, December,
January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Rubra'
8 x 12
(20 x 30)

ericacarneacflosrubradeeproot1a1a
Cerise - H6

January, February, March

Erica
carnea 'Schneesturm'
6 x 16
(15 x 40)

ericacarneacflosschneesturmdeeproot1a1a1
White - H0

February, March, April

Erica
carnea
'Sherwood Creeping'
6 x 10
(15 x 25)

ericacarneacflossherwoodcreepingdeeproot1a1a1
Lavender - H3

January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea
'Snow Queen'
6 x 10
(15 x 25)

ericacarneacflossnowqueendeeproot1a1a
White - H0

December, January, February, March, April, May

Erica
carnea
'Springwood White
8 x 24
(20 x 60)

ericacarneacflosspringwoodwhitedeeproot1a1a
White - H0

December, January, February, March, April, May

Erica
carnea
'Vivellii'
9 x 14
(22.5 x 35)

ericacarneacflosvivelliideeproot1a1a
Magenta - H14

January, February,
March, April, May

Erica
carnea
'Wentwood Red'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacfloswentwoodreddeeproot1a1a1
Pink - H8

January, February, March

Erica
carnea 'Winterfreude'
6 x 16
(15 x 40)

ericacarneacfloswinterfreudedeeproot1a1a
Crimson - H13

November, December,
January, February,
March, April

Erica
carnea 'Wintersonne'
6 x 18
(15 x 45)

ericacarneacfloswintersonnedeeproot1a1a1
Lilac Pink - H11

February, March, April, May

Erica ciliaris

"This species occurs naturally in moist acid sunny positions, but experience has shown that, in cultivation, it can withstand drought as well as any other Erica. This species has the largest bells of our native UK heaths."

'Globosa' - H11
ericaciliariscflosglobosadeeproot1

Lilac Pink - H11

August, Sep
tember,
October, November

12 x 20
(30 x 50)

Mid-Green

Erica cinerea are listed in the Erica cinerea Gallery

"A species commonly found on the drier parts of moors and heathlands but fares no better than other ericas during periods of drought. Whilst the majority of the cultivars have rather drab dark green foliage, they are well worth growing for the great richness and range of their flowers. Acid soil is essential to grow this species successfully."

Erica
cinerea
'Apricot Charm'
6 x 8
(15 x 20)

See Heather Description Page
Mauve - H2

July, August

Erica
cinerea
'C.G. Best'
12 x 28
(30 x 70)

ericacinereacgbestflot9a
Rose-Pink - H7

June, July, August, September, October

Erica
cinerea
'Next Best'
12 x 24
(30 x 60)

ericacinereanextbestflot9a
Rose-Pink - H7

June, July, August, September, October

Erica x darleyensis

"One of the easiest heathers to grow. It is suitable for all soils and particularly good at smothering weeds. These cultivars are hybrids between Erica carnea and Erica erigena and, like all sterile hardy hybrids, have coloured young foliage and a long flowering period. Hardy"

'Arthur Johnson' - H8
ericadarleyensiscflosarthurjohnsondeeproot1

Pink - H8 , which deepen with age to heliotrope

December, January, February, March, April

18 x 30
(45 x 75)

Mid Green tipped Cream

Mid Green

'Darley Dale' - H16
ericadarleyensisdarleydaleflot9garnonswilliams

Open
Shell Pink - H16 and darken to Pink

November, December,
January, February,
March, April

15-18 x 36 (37.5-45 x 90)

Mid Green with Cream tips

Mid Green

'Dunreggan' - H0
ericadarleyensiscflosdunreggandeeproot1

White - H0

January, February,
March, April, May

18 x 20
(45 x 50)

Mid Green

'Epe' - H11
Ericadarleyensisepecflogarnonswilliams

Lilac Pink - H11

January, February,
March, April, May

12 x 24
(30 x 60)

Medium Green

'George Rendall' - H8
Ericadarleyensisgeorgerendallcflo1garnonswilliams

Open
Pink - H8 darkening to heliotrope

November, December,
January, February,
March, April, May

15 x 26
(37.5 x 65)

Mid Green tipped red initially, fading to pink and cream

Mid Green

'Ghost Hills' - H8
ericadarleyensiscflosghosthillsdeeproot1

Mauve - H2 deepen on aging to heliotrope

November, December,
January, February,
March, April, May

18 x 36
(45 x 90)

Light Green with Cream tips

Light Green

'Jack H. Brummage' - H10
ericadarleyensiscflosjackhbrummagedeeproot1

Reddish Purple - H10

January, February,
March, April, May

12 x 24
(30 x 60)

Golden Orange-Yellow

Golden Orange-Yellow becoming Bronze-tinted

'James Smith' - H10
Ericadarleyensisjamessmithcflogarnonswilliams1a1

Deep Pink to reddish Purple - H10

December, January, February, March, April

14 x 22
(35 x 55)

Medium Green tipped Pink and Cream

Medium Green

'Kramer's Rote' - H14
ericadarleyensiscfloskramersrotedeeproot1a1

Magenta - H14

January, February,
March, April

15 x 24
(37.5 x 60)

Dark Bronze/Green

'Margaret Porter' - H4
ericadarleyensiscflosmargaretporterdeeproot1a1a

Lilac - H4

December, January, February, March, April, May

8-10 x 18
(20-25 x 45)

Mid Green with Cream tips

Mid Green

'Mary Helen' - H8
Ericadarleyensismaryhelencflogarnonswilliams1a1

Pink - H8

February, March, April

10 x 18
(25 x 45)

Yellow/Gold

Yellow/Gold foliage bronzing

'Silberschmelze' - H0
Ericadarleyensissilberschmeizecflogarnonswilliams1a1

Ashen White - H0

December, January, February, March, April, May

14 x 32
(35 x 80)

Mid Green with Cream tips

Mid Green

Mid Green tinged Red

'White Glow' - H0

White - H0

December, January, February, March, April, May

10 x 20
(25 x 50)

Mid Green

'W.G. Pine' - H12
Ericadarleyensiswgpinecflogarnonswilliams1a1

Pink to Heliotrope - H12

December, January, February, March, April

8 x 20
(20 x 50)

Dark Green tipped Red

Dark Green

Erica erigena

"A species useful in alkaline soils and providing some of the better 'architectural' heaths. Not as hardy as Erica carnea and Erica x darleyensis and damage is caused by frosts greater than -10 degrees C. Damage can also be caused by heavy snow as branches are rather brittle."

'Irish Silver' - H4

Lilac - H4

April, May, June

16 x 16
(40 x 40)

Dark Green

'Superba' - H16
ericaerigenasuperbaflot9garnonswilliams1a1

Shell Pink - H16

April, May, June

60 x 24
(150 x 60)

Dark Green

Erica lusitanica

"A tree heath found naturally on acid soil in Portugal, Northern Spain and South West France and has the lngest flowering period of any tree heath. Capable of withstanding a considerable amount of drought."

Erica lusitanica
Ericalusitanicacflo1garnonwilliams

White - H0

March, April, May

40 x 28
(100 x 70)

Medium Green

'George Hunt' - H0
Ericalusitanicageorgehuntcflogarnonwilliams1a

White - H0

March, April

28 x 18
(70 x 45)

Bright Yellow

Erica mackaiana

"Another lime hater found naturally in boggy ground in western Ireland and north-west Spain. It provides neat ground cover, but is suspect in very dry conditions. It produces new shoots from the roots, which can be detached to form new plants."

'Maura' - H12
ericamackayanamauraflot9a1a

Heliotrope - H12

July, August,
Sep-tember

10 x 14
(25 x 35)

Mid Grey-Green

Erica manipuliflora

"An eastern Mediterranean species which is lime tolerant, and happily grows on magnesium deficient soils (unlike Erica vagans). There are 2 distinct populations now classified as sub-species"

Erica spiculifolia

"Erica spiculifolia (Bruckenthalia) - Bruckenthalia's beautiful name has been changed to plain old Erica. This is probably the hardiest heath of all. When all others are damaged, Bruckenthalia remains unharmed. Needs good drainage, acid soil and sun. The flowers are held above the plants in short compact racemes. It is an early season bloomer and sometimes blooms again in the fall. They rot off at the base branch by branch if too wet. Zone 4 (-30 below) - probably Zone 3 - and warmer." from Heaths and Heathers.

'Balkan Rose' - H12

Heliotrope - H12

June,
July

6 x 12
15 x 30)

Dark Gray Green

Erica x stuartii

"A natural hybrid between Erica mackaiana and Erica tetralix in Connemara and Donegal, Ireland. It is apparently absent fromnorthe-west Spain, the only site where the 2 parents co-exist."

'Connemara' - H14

Magenta - H14

July, August, Sep-tember

10 x 20
(25 x 50)

Dark Grey Green

Erica terminalis

"A tree heath found from southern Spain to southern Italy which nevertheless is the hardiest of all tree heaths. It quickly forms an erect bush, which if pruned frequently in the early years forms a good shape suitable for low hedging and specimen planting. Lime tolerant."

Erica terminalis - H11
ericaterminaliscflosdeeproot1

Lilac Pink - H11

July, August, Sep-tember

72-96 x 36 (180-240 x 90)

Mid Green

Erica tetralix

"The third most widespread native UK heath, often found in boggy areas. In the garden, however, it is tolerant of drier conditions but does require acid soil. The flowers of this very hardy species are typically held in terminal umbels."

'Delta' - H7

Rose-Pink - H7

July

4 x 8
(10 x 20)

Grey Green

Erica umbellata

"A very useful and colourful species as it flowers between Erica carnea and Erica cinerea. It will grow in alkaline soils but requires a well-drained soil. It can withstand drought and is fairly hardy provided the soil is free draining. It flowers profusely especially if it is not trimmed"

Erica vagans

"A native UK species found on the serpentine and gabbro rocks of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, but will be successful in any soil containing a high content of magnesium. It provides a very useful range of colours during September and October. The faded bells of many cultivars become an attractive russet in winter."

'Holden Pink' - H16
ericavaganscflosholdenpinkdeeproot1a1a

Shell Pink - H16

August, Sep-tember, October

10 x 24
(25 x 60)

Medium Green

'Leucantha' - H0

Off White - H0

August, Sep-tember, October

16 x 28
(40 x 70)

Medium Green

'Lyonesse' - H0
ericavaganscfloslyonessedeeproot1

White - H0

August, Sep-tember, October

10 x 20
(25 x 50)

Bright Green

'St Keverne' - H8
ericavaganscflosstkevernedeeproot1a1

Pink - H8

August, Sep-tember, October, November

8 x 18
(20 x 45)

Dark Green

Erica x veitchii

"Hybrids between Erica arborea and Erica lusitanica which are generally not quite hardy, severe damage occurring at -15 degrees C to some of the cultivars."

Erica x watsonii

"A sterile hybrid occurring naturally between Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix, first found in Cornwall in 1831. The form and habit amongst the cultivars varies considerably, but generally they have a long flowering period and are hardy."

'Claire Elise' - H14
Ericawatsoniiclaireelisecflogarnonswilliams1a

Magenta Pink - H14

July, August, September, October

8 x 18
(20 x 45)

Dark Green with striking dark Red tips

Dark Green

'Dorothy Metheny' - H4
Ericawatsoniidorothymethenycflogarnonswilliams1a

Pale Lilac - H4 deepening with age

June, July, August, September, October

12 x 18
(30 x 45)

Bright Green with Yellow tips

Bright Green

Erica x williamsii

"A naturally occurring sterile hybrid between Erica vagans and Erica tetralix first found near St. Keverne, Cornwall in 1860 and known nowhere else but on the Lizard Peninsula. It will tolerate some alkaline soils."

'Gold Button' - H11

Lilac Pink - H11
- no flower photos

August, September

2 x 4
(5 x 10)

Golden-Yellow

The 2 rows in the Shrub Heather Index Gallery Pages of "Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12" = 1 foot = 30 cms) and Comment" state the Heather Description from 'Handy Guide to Heathers Descriptions & Suppliers of over 1000 varieties" by David & Anne Small, published in 1992 by Denbeigh Heather Nurseries (ISBN 0-9519160-0-9). This gives the official Heather Society flower colour(s) and foliage colour(s).
Photos from Chris Garnons-Williams are added to that respective flower colour or foliage colour page in this Shrub Heather Gallery and the relevant index page in Shrub Heather Index Gallery IRRESPECTIVE OF THE ACTUAL FLOWER COLOUR OR FOLIAGE COLOUR (stated in the Handy Guide) IN THE IMAGE THAT WAS TAKEN BY CHRIS GARNONS-WILLIAMS.

Evergreen Shrub Heathers Gallery
with
Flower Colour Wheel, Flower Colours and Foliage Colours for all the Evergreen Shrubs in the first row of the table below

SHRUB EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES Site Map of pages with content (o) Introduction FLOWER COLOUR (o)Blue (o)Orange (o)Other Colours (o)Pink (o)Red (o)White (o)Yellow FOLIAGE COLOUR Black Blue Brown Bronze (o)Green (o)Grey (o)Purple (o)Red Silver (o)Variegated White (o)Variegated Yellow White (o)Yellow (o)4 Season Colour	7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below IN EVERGREEN SHRUB GALLERY. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

				(o) COMMENTS on the Heather Beds in the Royal Horticultural Society Garden at Wisley
EVERGREEN SHRUB HEATHERS GALLERY PAGES Site Map of pages with content (o) Introduction with Heather Suppliers (o) in front of Page Name or Index Page No in this Main Menu Table indicates that all pages linked to from that cell have content. 1 (o)January 1 is Flowering Season January in this Gallery (o)January is Flowering Season January in Shrub Heather Gallery		Click on Colour below to link to its Heather Flower Colour Page in Shrub Heather gallery. Click on H number to link to its Heather Flower Colour Page in the Gallery. Heathers in this Gallery are inserted in the relevant page according to their given H number, not according to what their actual flower colour looks like. Photos from Chris Garnons-Williams are added to that respective flower colour or foliage colour page in this Shrub Heather Gallery and the relevant index page in Shrub Heather Index Gallery IRRESPECTIVE OF THE ACTUAL FLOWER COLOUR OR FOLIAGE COLOUR (stated in the Handy Guide) IN THE IMAGE THAT WAS TAKEN BY CHRIS GARNONS-WILLIAMS.
FLOWERING SEASON 1 (o)January 1 (o)February 1 (o)March 1 (o)April 1 (o)May 1 (o)June 1 (o)July 1 (o)August 1 (o)September 1 (o)October 1 (o)November 1 (o)December SPRING FOLIAGE COLOUR 1 (o)Spri-Bronze 1 (o)Spri-Green 1 (o)Spri-Grey 1 (o)Spri-Orange 1 (o)Spri-Red 1 (o)Spri-Yellow 1 (o)Spri-Other SUMMER FOLIAGE COLOUR 1 (o)Sum-Bronze 1 (o)Sum-Green 1 (o)Sum-Grey 1 Sum-Orange 1 (o)Sum-Red 1 (o)Sum-Yellow 1 (o)Sum-Other AUTUMN FOLIAGE COLOUR 1 (o)Aut-Bronze 1 (o)Aut-Green 1 (o)Aut-Grey 1 Aut-Orange 1 (o)Aut-Red 1 (o)Aut-Yellow 1 (o)Aut-Other WINTER FOLIAGE COLOUR 1 (o)Win-Bronze 1 (o)Win-Green 1 (o)Win-Grey 1 (o)Win-Orange 1 (o)Win-Red 1 (o)Win-Yellow 1 (o)Win-Other	CULTIVAR GROUP 1...Andromeda .....Bruckenthalia .....Bruckenthalia .....spiculifolia .....changed to 1...Erica spiculifolia 1,2.(o)Calluna and .....Calluna Gallery 1...(o)Daboecia and .....Daboecia Gallery .....Erica .....Others Gallery .....and .....Erica .....Hardy Heaths:- 1...Erica .....afroeuropea 1...Erica .....andevalensis .....now treated as .....Erica mackayana .....ssp andevalensis 1...(o)Erica arborea 1...Erica arendsiana 1...Erica australis 1...Erica azorica .....(Syn. .....Erica scoparia .....subsp. azorica) 1...(o)Erica carnea .....and .....Carnea Gallery 1...Erica cillaris 1...(o)Erica cinerea .....and .....Cinerea Gallery 1...(o)Erica .....darleyensis 1...Erica erigena 1...Erica .....garforthensis 1...Erica gaudificans 1...Erica griffithsii 1...Erica krameri 1...(o)Erica lusitanica 1...(o)Erica .....mackayana 1...Erica maderensis 1...Erica .....manipuliflora 1...Erica multiflora 1...Erica .....oldenburgensis 1...Erica platycodon 1...Erica scoparia 1...Erica sicula 1...Erica spiculifolia 1...Erica stuartii 1...Erica terminalis 1...(o)Erica tetralix 1...Erica umbellata 1...(o)Erica vagans 1...Erica veitchii 1...Erica watsonii 1...Erica williamsii SEED COLOUR .....Seed BED PICTURES .....Garden	H1 Amethyst	H2 Mauve	H3 Lavender	H4 Lilac	H0 White
		H5 Ruby	H6 Cerise	H7 Rose Pink	H8 Pink	Heather label moved from valid to invalid Heather
		H9 Beetroot	H10 Purple	H11 Lilac Pink	H12 Heliotrope
		H13 Crimson	H14 Magenta	H15 Salmon	H16 Shell Pink	H17 Multi-Coloured
		Some heathers besides having flowers have foliage colours that change from 1 season to the next season in the UK - Spring (March, April, May), Summer (June, July, August), Autumn (September, October, November) and Winter (December, January, February). This Comparison Gallery provides comparison pages of the:- 18 flower colours with flower and flower stalk as shown in the menu table above, 18 flower colours with flower and flower stalk in each of the months that heather flowers, 7 foliage colours with foliage stalk and form per season as shown in the menu table above, and Each of the Heather Cultivar Groups with flowers THIS COMBINATION OF FOLIAGE COLOUR CHANGE CAN BE USED IN YOUR GARDEN DESIGN TO AID DIFFERENT GROUNDCOVER FOLIAGE COLOURS IN DIFFERENT SEASONS, together with the months of flower buds before flowering and the post months of seedheads.
		"Handy Guide to Heathers - Descriptions & Suppliers of over 1000 varieties" by David & Anne Small. Published in 1992 by Denbeigh Heather Nurseries in the UK. ISBN 0-9519160-0-9. It provides a handy reference to descriptions of heathers in the genera Andromeda, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Daboecia and Erica which are commercially cultivated in Britain, Europe and North America. The information has very largely come from the work of the Heather Society on producing an International Register of all heather names irrespective of whether they are in commercial use or not. ............... Heather Kavanagh and Chris Garnons-Williams took photos of the 1000 cultivar heather collection at the Royal Horticultural Society Garden at Wisley. Between us we found 848 of those 1000 different heathers, which we took photos of in each of the 4 seasons for each heather:- Heather took 11,687 photos of these heathers between August 2012 to October 2014, while Chris took photos of other plants in that RHS garden at Wisley during each day that we visited together. Chris took 3764 photos of these heathers between October 2014 to May 2015 Noting the problems we encountered as shown in COMMENTS page with more examples of heathers with invalid Plant Labels in Label moved from elsewhere Page , we are concerned as to the validity of the identity of the photos that we took. Each time that heather was photoed, its label was the first picture taken. If there was 1000 different heathers there, then the labels of 152 had been removed and thus those heathers were mixed with other heathers. I have taken the decision that as long as the name on the label matched the description of the foliage/flowers of the heather by the label, I would accept that label identity.
When I see Valid Label Moved elsewhere Number 2 in the Label moved from elsewhere Page , I have finally realised that in that instance I am assuming that since the heather description appears to match the other photos for August 2013 and October 2014, that that label is actually valid for those photos. Considering that in the first 12 cultivars that we took photos of that I have found problems with 2 of them, then how many more out the 848 or the mythical over 1000+ will I find problems with? I am now going to ignore all 15,451 photos taken between August 2012 to May 2015, since I cannot validate their plant identity. This means that as of May 2015, I do not believe that any of the heathers in that heather collection can have their plant labels validated to the plants alongside. I heard a rumour in 2015 that there was a Heather Nursery who would take over the Heather Collection and put it back into proper order minus its Horsetail/Mare'stail infestation. This would improve the moral of the RHS member volunteer maintenance staff. I would suggest that each of the heather beds have all their heathers removed from them and burnt. Then the bed would be carefully weeded and a mixture of liquid rotted cow manure/tree shreddings laid to a 3 inch (7.5 cms) depth of mulch. 4 weeks later the turf from a new heather bed in the same field to be placed on the old heather bed and when the bed has been covered with the turf, then it is rotovated to mix the remainder of the mulch and the old turf together, before being rolled firm and irrigated once a day for 3 weeks. The turf will come up and when more that 2 inches (5 cms) high, be cut down to 1.5 inches (3.5 cms) and a week later to 1 inch of height and kept at that height during the growing season (I rotovated the old lawn in the 'lawn area for easier mowing for father' up and down, side to side and diagonally, before raking it to become level. It grew and became a new lawn within 2 months - see Case 4a- Garden Uses Separated Page). The new heather bed would have the same cow manure/tree shreddings applied to the same mulch depth of 3 inches (7.5 cms), then 4 weeks later it would be rotavated and 1 week later planted with the required heathers in clumps of 3 to odd number with 12 inch (30 cms) separation between heather clump width expected after 3 years growth. Each heather clump properly labelled, photoed and inserted into a properly laid out plan, so that if the plant label got changed, then it could be replaced with the valid plant label in the future. Perhaps the RHS might use the same system as Denver Botanic Gardens with its 133 Gardens and Features who have given me permission to use their photos on this website.This could be combined with the very full detailed description system similar to that of Missouri Botanical Garden. Since I cannot get validated photos from heather nurseries and I cannot rely on my own photos, then I see little point in continueing the work on the remaining 836 heathers in these 9 galleries. If you take a photo of a heather plant from a distance by using or not using zoom, then you will find that the detail of each leaf - 2mm in length - will not be in focus, nor will the small flower. I used my Canon within 2-4 inches from the plant in order for those items to be in autofocus. This will also tell you whether the overall foliage colour is only due to a very few leaves on the terminal end of the foliage stem or along its entire length. Then, that is usefull info for the flower arranger, whereas the more general picture is useful as the general effect for the householder in their garden. The book detailed above provides most of the description data for these heathers. ....... "Anyone during the summer months, who has walked over the moor lands throughout the British Isles will appreciate the magnificent mass of colour provided by Heathers. Heathers are native to not only the British Isles, but also much of mainland Europe to northern Italy and as far north as Iceland. Due to seed of our native Calluna vulgaris (Scotch Heather) being accidentally introduced on packaging materials, it has also become naturalised in parts of Nova Scotia and Eastern Canada.  We had better point out that there are more heather species (Erica) in South Africa than anywhere else in the world. Many of these have been introduced and sold as pot grown house plants, which if after flowering they are planted out in the garden, then they will die during the winter months. So do make sure the heather you are purchasing is hardy enough to be grown outdoors in the garden.  Most of the heathers require a fertile, moist, but not waterlogged, acid soil. By incorporating plenty of composted bark, or peat, we grow them quite successfully in a sandy loam of pH 6.5, which is almost neutral. If you garden on soils with a high lime content, it is better to create beds raised 15/20cm above your normal soil level and infill this with half and half John Innes No. 3 compost and composted bark, or peat. Heathers can also be grown in tubs, or troughs, but Calluna’s and Erica cinerea hate hot feet, but both species like an open sunny site and will not produce so many flowers if grown in dense shade. The winter flowering heather, Erica carnea, is a mountain plant consequently it will tolerate drier soils and warmer sites and will grow in fertile soils of pH 7 with less bark, or peat being used.  FLOWERING TIMES Erica carnea is a superb winter flowering, dwarf evergreen shrub. Over 130 named forms have been introduced varying in size, foliage and flower colour. Flowering time is usually from December to March when there is little else in flower. Erica erigena is a strong growing shrub, which will attain between 75 cm and 2 metres and flowers during April and May. It has sported a number of foliage and flower cultivars, but they will not tolerate wet feet and exposed sites, but the hybrids between this species and Erica carnea are named Erica x darleyensis and these - although almost as tough as Erica carnea - are much stronger growers growing between 45 and 70cms in height. The x darleyensis cultivars produce flowers from white through to dark amethyst - all flower from December to May. The tree heather, Erica arborea forms a small tree in Southern Europe where its roots are used to make briar pipes, but it is very tender. However, the variety alpina has been growing in our nursery showground for many years where - if left to its own devices - would attain 2-3 metres in height. It is massed with honey scented white flowers in April-May. Erica cinerea is a superb low growing shrub which, according to cultivar, is massed with flowers of varying colours from June to September. Daboecia cantabrica also flowers at this time with attractive urn shaped flowers. The sub species scotica is lower growing and freer flowering. Although there is only one species in Calluna vulgaris; over 600 named cultivars have been introduced, varying from dwarfs of 7cms to those which attain 60cms and with foliage of green, silver, or yellow. The flowers also vary from white to beetroot-red and appear from late June to September. Erica vagans, the Cornish Heath brings the season to a close; its stiff, upright branches produce masses of white, lavender, or pink flowers in September-October. PRUNING All of the summer flowering heathers can be pruned after flowering, or the brown seed heads left on until April. Erica arborea alpina and the x darleyensis hybrids can if room allows, be left to their own devices. If room is restricted they can be pruned over as soon as their flowers have faded. " from Goscote Nurseries. ....... "My interest in heathers expanded into acid-loving plants in general, and the family Ericaceae in particular. For the garden-lover, plantsman and botanist alike, the Ericaceae have an incredible amount to offer, and it would be a formidable challenge for anyone to collect just one example of each genus (currently standing at 124 genera, I believe). These 124 genera truly range from A to Z (from Andromeda to Zenobia), encompassing almost any shape and size of plant one could wish for. For example, at one extreme there is the tiny, Arctic moss heather Harrimanella hypnoides (formerly Cassiope) which I managed to keep outside for a few years, and at the other extreme there are large trees, such as Oxydendron arboreum which can reach 50ft in height (my own, grown from seed, stands at 10ft after 15 years). For a few years I set about collecting as many examples of the Ericaceae as I could, already having, of course, Calluna, Erica, Daboecia and Rhododendron to start my collection. The first obvious additions were the other heath-type genera Andromeda, Cassiope, Pltyllodoce and Bruckenthalia (now Erica), and these were followed quickly by such familiar and readily available shrubs as Pieris, Enkianthus, Gaultheria and Vaccinium, and the strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo. However, thereafter other genera became increasingly difficult to find, and proved very challenging, but at one stage I did manage to put together a collection of 43 genera. Alas, not all proved to be as undemanding as the heathers, and today only a small percentage of these remain. For those blessed with acid soil, I can recommend trying various species of Enkianthus (flowers and autumn colour), Kalmia (unusually attractive flowers), Lyonia (flowers and autumn colour), Vaccinium and Gaultheria (foliage and berries) and Zenobia pulverulenta (for its unusual silvery-green foliage and scented, pure white flowers). My all-time favourites are the blueberries (Vaccinium), which provide everything one could want in a shrub: neatness with minimal pruning, abundant flowers, intense autumn colour, and of course attractive, edible berries, which are both extremely good for you and delicious. " from John Griffiths in Heathers: Yearbook of the Heather Society.

Right Hand Table

Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN,
AR,AR,AS,BA,
BR,BR,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,CH,
CI,CO,CR,DA,
DE,DR,EP,EP,
ER,EU,FE,FO,
GA,GA,GE,GL,
HE,HI,HI,HY,
IM,JU,KI,LA,
LE,LI,LL,LU,LY, ME,ME,MI,MY,
NA,OE,OR,OR,
PA,PH,PL,PO,
PO,PO,PO,PU,
RA,RH,RO,RO,
RU,SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,SI,
SI,SO,SP,ST,
TA,TH,TR,TR,
UR,VE,VE,VI

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,

Common Name with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC,AL,AS,BE,
BL,BO,BR,CA,
CL,CO,CO,CO,
CR,DA,DO,EA,
FE,FI,FR,GO,
GR,GU,HA,HO,
IR,KN,LE,LE,
LO,MA,ME,MO,
NA,NO,PE,PO,
PY,RE,RO,SA,
SE,SE,SK,SM,
SO,SP,ST,SW,
TO,TW,WA,WE,
WI,WO,WO,YE

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,61,62,
63,64,

You have the wildflower plants of the UK details above, with their flower colours and habitats in these 5 rows, so WHY NOT USE THEM WITH THE CULTIVATED PLANTS IN YOUR OWN GARDEN?

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU

FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page,
space,
Site Map page in its flower colour
NOTE Gallery with Continuation Pages from Page 2
...Blue - its page links in next 4 rows.
Use of Plant with Flowers

...Brown Botanical Names

...Cream Common Names, Coastal and Dunes, Sandy Shores and Dunes

...Green Broad-leaved Woods

...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk

...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors

...Orange Hedgerows and Verges

...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers

...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs

...Purple Old Buildings and Walls

...Red Pinewoods

...White A-D Saltmarshes. Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops

...White E-P Other

...White Q-Z Number of Petals

...Yellow A-G Pollinator

...Yellow H-Z Poisonous Parts

...Shrub/Tree River Banks and Other Freshwater Margins

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU

Lists of:-

Edible Plant Parts.

Flower Legend.

Food for
Butterfly/Moth.

Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1
Page 2

Flowering plants of Acid Soil
Page 1

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU

Habitat Lists:-

Coastal and Dunes.

Broad-leaved
Woods.

Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.

Heaths and Moors.

Hedgerows and Verges.

Lakes, Canals and Rivers.

Marshes, Fens,
Bogs.

Old Buildings and Walls.

Pinewoods.

River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins.

Saltmarshes.

Sandy Shores and Dunes.

Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops.

Other.

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU

Number of Petals List:-
Without Petals. Other plants
without flowers.
1 Petal or
Composite of
many 1 Petal Flowers as Disc
or Ray Floret .
2 Petals.
3 Petals.
4 Petals.
5 Petals.
6 Petals.
Over 6 Petals.

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU

Lists of:-

Pollinator .

Poisonous Parts.

Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.

Story of their Common Names.

Use of Plant with Flowers

Use for Non-Flowering Plants

The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

The Center for Water Efficient Landscaping (CWEL) mission is to promote water conservation through environmentally, socially, and economically sound landscape management practices in Utah, USA. Same principles apply wherever water is in short supply.

Why not gift a Container Garden Veg Patch Experience to your friend or your school?
From our farm in Cornwall, England we sow and grow thousands of organic vegetable plug plants, herbs and potted fruits ready to be delivered to your garden gate at just the right time for planting out.

Why not grow them inside your home using Amberol self-watering rectangular containers and the potting mix from my Vegetable Gallery?

Carbon Life Cycle uses Miscanthus for Power Stations leading to carbon neutral green renewable electricity and 7 other markets by Terravesta in the UK.

Connon Nurseries. - "is one of Canada's largest wholesale nurseries serving customers throughout Canada and several Northeastern U.S. states. We offer more than 4,000 varieties of high-quality trees, shrubs, perennials, green-roof plants, and more. We rely on more than 100 specialty nurseries from across Canada, the U.S. and Europe to grow specific stock to round out our own inventory. See its library and its plants for Green Roofs with Sempergreen Vegetation Mats for any type of roof, roundabout, central reservation or roof terrace."

Cultural Needs of Plants
from Chapter 4 in Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-
88192-495-4.

"Understanding Fern Needs
Ferns have the same basic growing requirements as other plants and will thrive when these are met. There is nothing mysterious about the requirements - they are not something known only to people with green thumbs - but the best gardeners are those who understand plant requirements and are careful about satisfying them.
What, then, does a fern need?

All plants need water. Water in the soil prevents roots from drying, and all mineral nutrients taken up by the roots must be dissolved in the soil water. Besides water in the soil, most plants need water in the air. Adequate humidity keeps the plant from drying out. Leaves need water for photosynthesis and to keep from wilting.
All green plants need light to manufacture food (sugars) by photosynthesis. Some plants need more light than others, and some can flourish in sun or shade. Most ferns, however, prefer some amount of shade.
For photosynthesis, plants require carbon dioxide, a gas that is exhaled by animals as waste. Carbon dioxide diffuses into plants through tiny pores, called stomata, that abound on the lower surface of the leaves. In the leaf, carbon dioxide is combined with the hydrogen from water to form carbohydrates, the plant's food. This process takes place only in the presence of light and chlorophyll, a green pigment found in plant cells. To enhance growth, some commercial growers increase the carbon dioxide level in their greenhouses to 600ppm (parts per million), or twice the amount typically found in the air.
Plants need oxygen. The green plants of a plant do not require much oxygen from the air because plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use. The excess oxygen liberated from the plants is used by all animals, including humans. What do plants do with oxygen? They use it just as we do, to release the energy stored in food. We use energy to move about, to talk, to grow, to think - in fact, for all our life processes. Although plants don't talk or move much, they do grow and metabolize and must carry on all their life processes using oxygen to release the stored energy in their food.
Roots need air all the time. They get it from the air spaces between the soil particles. Overwatering displaces the air between soil particles with water, thereby removing the oxygen needed by the roots. This reduces the root's ability to absorb mineral nutrients and can foster root-rot.
Plants need minerals to grow properly. The minerals are mined from the soil by the plant's root system. If a certain mineral is missing, such as calcium needed for developing cell walls, then the plant will be stunted, discoloured, or deformed.
Some plants tolerate a wide range of temperatures, whereas others are fussy. If the temperature is too high or low, the machinery of the plant will not operate satisfactorily or will cease entirely.

The basic needs of plants are not hard to supply, but growing success depends on attending to these needs with care and exactitude. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of these requirements, with the exception of mineral needs, which are discussed in Chapter 5."

It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:-

poacherrose1garnonswilliams

Closed Bud

poacherrose2garnonswilliams

Opening Bud

poacherrose3garnonswilliams

Juvenile Flower

poacherrose4garnonswilliams

Older Juvenile Flower

poacherrose5garnonswilliams

Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its
Rose Description Page is
"Buff Yellow, with a very slight pink tint at the edges in May-October."

poacherrose6garnonswilliams

Mature Flower

poacherrose7garnonswilliams

Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower

poacherrose8garnonswilliams

Form of Rose Bush

There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page.

So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!!

Botanical Index Gallery Pages

Appended to Botanical Name is
'Plant Type' space 'Flower Colour' space 'Plant Use'

Number of Botanical Plants in each Page or Gallery / comparison pages section

A, B, C, D, E,
F, G, H, I, J, K,
L, M, N, O, P, Q,
R, S, T, U, V, W,
X, Y, Z,
Bedding,
Fern,
Hedging,
Illiterate UK Workforce,
Plant Use and Flower Shape,
Wildflowers in UK used by Butterflies

Links to 1000's of Indexed Plants in the galleries below are in addition to the ones above:-

Bee pollinated plants per flower colour per month in Bee-Pollinated

Rock Garden, Alpine Flowers appended to relevant pages in this gallery from
Rock Flowers with
Rock Garden

Alpines, Aquatic, Annual, Beddi-ng, Biennial and Bulb with Climber of 3 sector system are in
the following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Fragrant Plant Index pages in Right Hand Table

4000x3000 pixel Camera Photo Index in Right Hand Table

Botanical Wildflowers in Right Hand Table

Plant Type:-
Al = Alpine
Aq = Aquatic
An = Annual from Photo Coleus Index for different uses, Biennial
Ba = Bamboo
Be = Bedding
Bu = Bulb
Cl = Climber
Co = Conifer
Ds = Deciduous Shrub
Dt = Deciduous Tree
Ep = Evergreen Perennial
Es = Evergreen Shrub
Et = Evergreen Tree
Fe = Fern
Gr = Grass
Hed = Hedging
Hp = Herbaceous Perennial
Her = Herb
Od = Odds and Sods
Rg = Plant for Rock
Garden (Alpines)
Rh = Rhododendron, Azalea, Camellia
Ro = Rose
So = Soft Fruit
To = Top Fruit
Ve = Links are in the Vegetable Gallery where Companion Planting is also used.
Wi = Links to UK Wildflower Botanical Names and Common Names are in the Right Hand Table
and
Wildflowers used by Butterflies

Gr = Grass
Link in Plant Type is to either Index A of that type or to the Index in the right hand table on each page of that folder
=
Link(s) in expansion is to another folder in this ivydenegardens.co.uk website

Flower Colour:-
Other
Orange
Pink
Red
White
Yellow
2 Colours

followed by
Plant Use:-
Alp = in Alpine Garden
Arc = Climb Arch, Pergola, Fence, Trellis
Bac = Back of Border
Ban = Cover Banks
Bed = Bedding, Mass Planting
Bee = Bee pollinated for Hay Fever Sufferers
Cli = Climber/Pillar
Coast = in Coastal Area
Cott = in Cottage Garden
Cut = Cut-Flower
Edib = Edible
Edg = Edging Border
Exh = Exhibition
Fra = Fragrant
Fru = Fruit, Berry, Nut
Fless = Free of Frost
Gra = in Grassland
Gro = Ground-Cover
Hed = Hedge,
Plant in Hedge,
Screen, Windbreak
Herb = in Herb Garden
Hip = Produces Hips, Seed-Head

Annual, Bulb, Climber,
Perennial Form & Shrub/Tree Shape details below

Parts of a Flower by American Museum of Natural History

Inv = Invasive; so pot the plant instead
Mid = Middle of Border
Nat = Naturalize
Nor = North-facing Wall
Pois = Poisonous
Pot = Grow in Pot
PotGr = Pot in Greenhouse, Conservatory, Houseplant, Alpine House
Pout = Plant Supportless
Psoil = Tolerates Poor Soil
Psup = Plant Supported
Sha = Tolerates Shade, Part Shade, Shade Part of Day
Roc = Rock Garden, Cliff, Scree, Gravel, Crevice
San = on Sand Dunes
Shr = Climber in Shrubs
Spe = Speciman
Sta = Grow as Standard
Swo = Sword-shaped leaf
Tho = Thorns repel
Tless = Thornless
Tre = Climber in Tree
Und = Underplant
Veg = in Vegetable Garden
Wal = Grow as Wall Rose
Walls = Grows on Walls
Wat = Grow next to Water
Wet = Grow in Wet Soil
Wild = Attracts Wildlife
Woo = Woodland

Garden Design
...Use the Colour Wheel Concepts to select Plants.
From viewing Lost Flowers with the Walkabout, Un-Labelled Bedding Plant, Permanent Herbaceous Plant and RHS Design Errors pages, I state: 'There is room for improvement in the RHS Mixed Border of Wisley' in 2013-14. The above pages are within:-
...RHS Mixed Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports

A, 391
B, 42
C, 286
D, 111
E, 33
F, 34
G, 417
H, 57
I, 24
J, 7
K, 10
L, 132
M, 28
N, 60
O, 17
P, 67
Q, 60
R, 904
S, 61
T, 59
U, 0
V, 30
W, 3
X,Y,Z, 3

Galleries/Comparison Pages:-
Bedding, bedding in over 250 pages within 4 bedding groups .
Fern, 861 .
Hedging, 19 with link to 1000 Hedgenursery hedge plants .
Plant Use and Flower Shape, in 81 compari-son pages of bedding, evergreen perennials, herbaceous perennials and roses .
Flower Shape and Use in Landscape in WildFlower Shape, and
Uses in USA Gallery .
Wildflowers in UK used by Butterflies over 78 .
Bee Pollinated, with pages in All Bee-Pollinated Flowers per Month 12 and
Index galleries .
Rock Flowers 1059 .
Photos of Rock Garden Plants who do not have Plant Description Pages in Rock Plant Photos Gallery .
Bulb linked to from Index A1 to XYZ .
Climber of 3 sectors in a complete hierar-chical Plant Selection Process of 10 galleries .
Fragrant Plants
from Roy Genders
in 34 pages .
4000 x3000 Pixel photos linked to from Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens -
A 1 to Z 1 .
Botanical Wildflowers in 91 pages - AC .
Plants pages including 1000 ground cover plants .
Rose Use and 13 other Rose Galleries .
Companion Planting
A to X, Y, Z and Pest Control using Plants .
Plants used in RHS Mixed Borders Design Gallery .
Coleus Bedding Foliage Gallery with Annuals in pages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 .

Total 5851 plus plants in the above Galleries / Comparison pages section

The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-Blue = 0-2 feet, Green = 2-6 feet, Red = 6+ feet to:-

The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
Blue = 0-2 feet, Green = 2-6 feet, Red = 6+ feet to:-