Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Comments |
A plant of first-class merit, suggested as 'First Choices' Adjacent Planting |
Plant Associations It is sad to reflect that in England so few gardens open to the public label their plants or label them so that the label is visible when that plant is in flower, so that visitors can identify; and then later locate and purchase that plant. Few mail-order nurseries provide the detail as shown in my rose or heather galleries. If you want to sell a product, it is best to display it. When I sold my Transit van, I removed its signage, cleaned it and took photos of the inside and outside before putting them onto an advert in Autotrader amongst more than 2000 other Transit vans - it was sold in 20 minutes. If mail-order nurseries could put photos to the same complexity from start of the year to its end with the different foliage colours and stages of flowering on Wikimedia Commons, then the world could view the plant before buying it, and idiots like me would have valid material to work with. I have been in the trade (until ill health forced my Sole Trader retirement in 2013) working in designing, constructing and maintaining private gardens for decades and since 2005 when this site was started, I have asked any nursery in the world to supply photos. R.V. Roger in Yorkshire allowed me to use his photos from his website in 2007 and when I got a camera to spend 5 days in July 2014 at my expense taking photos of his roses growing in his nursery field, whilst his staff was propagating them. I gave him a copy of those photos. |
A Choice of Shrubs The range of truly dwarf-growing shrubs which are hardy, unlikely to be difficult to grow, and yet rewarding in plant habit and floral beauty is not unduly large. The majority are evergreen and so provide winter furnishing for the rock garden. All associate happily with perennial alpines, although the temptation to over-plant shrubs has to be resisted in the smaller rock garden. A distinction must be made between those shrubs which tolerate lime in the soil, and those which insist on a soil lime-free. Of the latter, a selected list of those well-suited to the normal climactic changes and easily managed follows: All are evergreen. |
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Andromeda polifolia v. compacta (bog rosemary 'Compacta') Supplier in UK |
Pinkish-White
Part Shade |
May |
8 x 12 |
Dark Green Moist, and well-drained Sand or poorly drained Clay soil |
Sh E Acid
ALL PLANTS |
Andromeda polifolia v. compacta makes a rounded cushion, with round-urn-shaped, pinkish-white, waxy flowers in May. Part Shade. Propagate by softwood cuttings, suckers or layering. Needs acidic conditions, suitable for shaded rock garden or damp shady border. Bee and Butterfly friendly. "Clusters of shell pink flowers; V-VI; foliage glaucous green; height 20 cm; spread 30 cm; habit compact, broad making a neat mound." from the Heather Society - A friendly group, full of knowledge on growing heathers and their uses in your garden. |
First Choices There are other Andromeda used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta'. By Ghislain118 (AD) http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net via Wikimedia Commons. |
Cassiope lycopodioides Supplier of Cassiope lycopodioides 'Beatrice Lilley' in UK, who also have other Cassiope Plants for sale Supplier in USA |
White, bell-shaped from the leaf axils on short red stems
Full Sun (needs protection from the hot afternoon sun), |
Apr-May Rock Garden and suitable for Coastal Conditions Associated species include yellow mountain heath (Phyllodoce glanduliflora), partridgefoot (Luetkea pectinata), rusty menziesia (Menziesia ferruginea), and juniper (Juniperus communis). |
2 x 15 Mat-forming. Tolerates temperatures down to -12°C (USDA zone 8). |
Greyish-green Well-drained soil, or sandy peat with moist, cool, north aspects position to keep the roots cool.
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Sh E Acid ALL PLANTS Native to Alaska, British Columbia and Washington - it is found on rocky slopes in arctic and alpine tundra, often near waterfalls, streams or generally moist areas |
Cassiope lycopodiodes, prostrate-growing, with a mat of thread-like stems, clothed in tiny greyish, evergreen leaves, overlapping one another, and shining white, bell-like, 5 petal, nodding flowers from the leaf axils in April-May. Sun or Part Shade. Needs protection from the hot afternoon sun. A key to success is keeping the roots cool in the afternoon. They need good drainage as well. Mat-forming. Propagate by seeds, layers and cuttings |
There are other Cassiope used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery We have no trouble growing them here at sea level in our maritime climate. The places where they have done the best for us are in morning sun exposure. Those placed in the afternoon sun never do as well as they get too hot at the root ball. |
Cassiope lycopodioides, Mount Chōkai, Yamagata pref., Japan 日本語: イワヒゲ 山形県鳥海山. By Qwert1234 via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Calluna vulgaris 'J.H. Hamilton' Calluna vulgaris 'H.E. Beale' |
Purple-pink
Full Sun |
Aug-Sep Wrightman Alpines Nursery in Canada |
6 x 12 Mound-forming, Ground cover, in clumps on Rock garden, edging and rest of border. A neat, dense, compact plant. Alpine trough. |
Bright Green Lime-free soil, enriched with peat or leaf-mould. Needs good drainage Heathers are tough little guys, and they make excellent companion plants for rhodo-dendrons and Brooms. |
Sh E Acid, Peat, Sand
ALL PLANTS
There are many Calluna in Shrub Calluna B Gallery |
Calluna vulgaris. Heathers. Most of the heathers are too tall and spreading for the smaller rock garden, but varieties:- Propagated by cuttings in July. Should be trimmed after flowering. |
First Choices Dwarf Brooms.
Heathers are tough little guys, and they make excellent companion plants for rhododendrons. Alice Knight, a former journalist, and her husband Bob operate Heather Acres, a heather specialty nursery in Elma, Wash. Both are founding members of the North American Heather Society and the recently formed chapter, the Cascade Heather Society. Alice Knight spoke to members of the ARS at the ARS Western Regional Conference in Olympia, Wash., in 1991. |
Deutsch: Besenheide; Ort: Großer Bösenstein, nahe Hohentauern, Steiermark, in Österreich English: Heather; Location: Großer Bösenstein, near Hohentauern, Styria, Austria Latina: Calluna vulgaris. By Kurt Kulac via Wikimedia Commons. |
Daboecia azorica (Irish Heath, St Dabeoc's heath, Connemara Bell Heather, Daboecia cantabrica subsp. azorica) |
Ruby Crimson (urn-shaped flowers) Full Sun, |
Jun-Jul Excellent companion plants for rhododendrons and azaleas Good groundcover. Intermix with western gorse (Ulex gallii) and camellias. Other Ericaceous Companion Plants. |
4-6 x 12 Prostrate growth. |
Dark Green above, covered with white down beneath. In the Azores, this heath grows in very well drained volcanic gravels. Rock Garden, edges of evergreen shrub beds |
Sh E Acid ALL PLANTS |
Daboecia azorica, a heath from the Azores makes a spreading cushion of growth, with racemes of ruby-crimson flowers in May. Likes Sun. Largest flowers of all heathers; needs lime-free soil. Dig in coir peat to provide humus-rich soil. |
Since it is tender, it can be damaged or killed in any severe winter. |
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Erica carnea 'King George' Supplier in UK Erica carnea Erica carnea vivelli Supplier in UK Erica carnea 'Springtime Pink' Supplier in UK Erica carnea 'Springwood White' Supplier in UK |
Purplish-pink Full Sun |
Nov-Feb |
9-12 x 15-24 |
Dark Green |
Sh E |
Erica carnea, the winter-flowering heaths are too good to be excluded, and vars. All need sunny positions, but broadly, the summer-flowering species and varieties require lime-free soil; while the winter-flowering tolerate lime in the soil, or can be grown without it. Propagated by cuttings, in June-July. |
First Choices |
English: winter heath, flowers Deutsch: Schnee-Heide, Blüten Latina: Erica carnea, Erica herbacea. By Leo Michels via Wikimedia Commons. |
Erica cinerea 'Apple Blossom' Supplier in France Erica cinerea 'Golden Hue' |
Shell-pink Full Sun |
Jun-Nov |
12 x 18 |
Mid-Green |
Sh E |
Erica cinerea, the Bell Heather (Scotch Heather), provides All need sunny positions, but broadly, the summer-flowering species and varieties require lime-free soil; while the winter-flowering tolerate lime in the soil, or can be grown without it. Propagated by cuttings, in June-July. |
First Choices Heather is very useful for the honey bee with its supply of nectar - Plants and Beeking by F.N. Howes; Kindle Edition published in 2013 is useful for:-
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Erica cinera. By Kurt Stüber via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Supplier in UK |
Bright Pink Full Sun, |
Aug-Nov |
8 x 18 |
Dark Green Dry or Moist, Well-drained Acidic Sand Will tolerate some lime. |
Sh E |
Erica vagan, the Cornish Heath, in its form 'St Keverne' 15 x 36 inches (45 x 90 cms) with bright pink summer flowers is well worth planting, and can be kept in bounds, like all the heaths by trimming after flowering. Not always hardy in northern gardens. All need sunny positions, but broadly, the summer-flowering species and varieties require lime-free soil; while the winter-flowering tolerate lime in the soil, or can be grown without it. Propagated by cuttings, in June-July. |
Heathers, Conifers and the Winter Garden by Frank Knight, John Bond, Lyn Randall and Robert Pearson ISBN 0 304 32073 0 shows how to use these plants to create an attractive garden on acid soil, with full descriptive lists of heathers and planting ideas. |
Erica vagans: Spike of flowers. Taken in Jutland.By Sten Porse via Wikimedia Commons. |
Kalmia polifolia (Kalmia glauca, Swamp Laurel, Bog Laurel) Supplier in UK |
Saucer-shaped pink flowers
Part Shade |
Apr-May |
18-24 x 24 (45-60 x 60) |
Moist Peaty soil, or loam containing leaf-mould, no lime |
Sh E
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Kalmia polifolia (Kalmia glauca), 18-24 x 24 inches (45-60 x 60 cms). Swamp laurel is a very poisonous narcotic plant the leaves of which were at one time used by some native North American Indian tribes in order to commit suicide. Suitable for a woodland garden setting or shrub border, it will tolerate full sun provided there is a reliable source of moisture. |
Propagate by
With care the plants thus obtained may be transplanted at almost any season. |
Kalmia polifolia 4. By Superior National Forest via Wikimedia Commons. |
Lithospermum diffusum (Lithospermum prostratum, Glandora diffusa, Lithodora diffusa, Creeping Gromwell, Shrubby Gromwell) Supplier in 'Heavenly Blue' Supplier in UK 'Grace Ward' |
Blue |
May-Jun |
6-12 x 24-36 |
Dry, Moist Lime-free, humus-rich, gritty, sandy loam |
Sh E |
Lithospermum diffusum (Lithospermum prostratum), not always successful but worth trying once, a prostrate, mat-forming creeping shrub, becoming a sheet of rich lovely blue flowers in May-June. and Propagate by cuttings, which may give some trouble if not carefully tended. They need shade and moisture till rooted, provided this moisture is not allowed to become stagnant. Keep in pots during first winter. |
There is another (Lithospermum used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery It is very effective in the rock garden, or at the top of banks over which its trailing shoots may hang. It also grows well if planted among heaths and allowed to clamber through them. Use in front of low shrubbery or border. Attracts bees. |
日本語: ミヤマホタルカズラ Place:Osaka Prefectural Flower Garden,Osaka,Japan. By I, KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons. |
Phyllodoce caerulea Phyllodoce nipponica Supplier in UK |
Orchid-purple Part Shade |
Apr-May |
5-9 x 12-15 (12-23 x 30-38). |
Moist Humus-rich, lime-free soil. |
Sh E |
Phyllodoce caerulea 5-9 x 12-15 inches (12-23 x 30-38 cms). Heath-like, bushy but straggly shrub with orchid-purple flowers in April-May. Both need Part Shade, and do well on a north face. Easily grown in lime-free, humus-rich soils, and part shade. Propagated by heeled cuttings, taken about June-July, or layering. |
There are other Phyllodoce used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery Suitable for the lower slopes of the rock garden. |
Phyllodoce caerulea at Daisetsu-zan 大雪山のエズノツガザクラ. By Miya.m via Wikimedia Commons. |
Rhododendron impeditum (Dwarf Purple Rhododenron, Cloudland Rhododendron) Rhododendron calostrotum keleticum Supplier in UK Rhododendron racemosum 'Forrest's Dwarf' Rhododendron radicans Rhododendron Pemakoense
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Indigo Full Sun (It wants full sun either morning or afternoon, but during that first year settling in it can be susceptible to sunburn, struggle in droughtiness, or die from excess wetness. Suffering specimens can drop a lot of the little leaves, or the leaves can die on the branches, or individual branches can die so that the shrub needs trimming back to living wood & takes a long time growing back.) |
Apr-May |
12-15 x 24-30 |
Its wee greyish-green leaves turning mahagony or plum colored for winter.. Moist (Since it is not drought tolerant, the root system may require a bit of woodchip mulch in summer both to retain moisture for the root & to protect the root from overheating.) |
Sh E |
Rhododendron contain many dwarf species of which Rhododendron impeditum 12-15 x 24-30 inches (30-38 x 60-75 cms) makes compact growth with blue-grey leaves and indigo flowers in April-May (The American Rhododendron Society Massachusetts Chapter places it on their provisionally recommended list of rhododendrons, recognizing that it can be fussy compared to the hardiest of hardy rhodies.); Where there is lime in the soil, only the lime-tolerant or calciole shrubs can be grown with success, though these shrubs will also grow in acid soils without much trouble. Only where soil acidity is extreme should it be necessary to add lime to their rooting area. |
First Choices
When is a rhododendron not an azalea? Answer from Furzey Gardens.
First Choices
First Choices
Companion Plants |
Rhododendron impeditum. By Ghislain118 via Wikimedia Commons. There are other Rhododendron used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery
Bloom River's display gardens "in Oregon, USA are open to our customers during regular business hours and by prior appointment on weekends or after hours. At completion, our garden will cover approximately 5 acres. Featured are mature specimens of many of the plants we grow in the nursery in formal and informal settings, plus a trail through the surrounding forest. The 'woodland walk' takes about 15 minutes. Visitors can observe large numbers of Oregon native plants and trees, plus catch glimpses of the many forest creatures inhabiting our area. If you are lucky, our resident bobcat may show his face briefly, and you may run into the doe with her twins drinking from the creek." |
Berberis x stenophylla Supplier in UK Berberis x stenophylla Supplier in UK |
Orange Full Sun, |
May |
30 x 36-48 (75 x 90-120) |
Well-drained soil |
Sh E |
Berberis (Barberry) provides a few striking dwarf shrubs in the forms of the hybrid |
Plant evergreens from Mar-Apr or Oct-Nov; deciduous, Nov-Mar, inordinary soil. Thin out shoots after flowering when overcrowded and trim to shape. Those grown for autumn foliage should not be trimmed until the spring. First Choices Propagated by Use on sloping banks. Makes a very fine hedge 96-120 inches (240-300 cms) |
Berberis × stenophylla. By Jerzy Opioła via Wikimedia Commons. |
Clematis alpina Supplier in UK Clematis tangutica 'Gravetye'
Clematis in flower for every month of the year (see also Clematis Climber Plant Gallery) Growing Clematis in Containers A Quick Guide to Clematis Pruning from The British Clematis Society |
Bell-like Lavender In nature the flowering portions of this plant are exposed to Full Sun, whilst the main stem and lower parts of the plant are often shaded by other vegetation. It is therefore advisable to place the plants on the northern side of their supports. |
Mar-May |
120 x 60 |
The moist soil should be an open loamy one, containing lime or chalk, the Clematis being essentially a plant of calcareous soils. The clematis also thrives in peaty loam. |
Cl H |
Clematis alpina comes from the mountains of central and southern Europe, and it is a delightful May-flowering slender climber that can be planted on the shady side of a large rock to scramble over and drape its face. Its flowers are bell-shaped and blue, but there are also white flower-forming of equal charm. Clematis alpina does not need pruning. It can scramble through a strong shrub or tree. Another gem of slender growth is Clematis tangutica 'Gravetye variety, with its rich golden yellow nodding lantern-shaped flowers and silky whorled seed heads that give joy from August to October. |
Taylors Clematis : Bees & Butterflies First Choices |
Clematis alpina, 1 avril 2003, Jardin des Plantes, Paris. By The original uploader was Bouba at French Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons. |
Cotoneaster dammeri (bearberry cotoneaster) Supplier in UK Cotoneaster congesta Hedges Direct has Ultimate Guide to Contoneaster Hedging to provide the main backdrop to your alpine bed. |
Fragrant White |
May-Jun |
4-20 x 60-80 |
The leaf surface is glossy and dark green while the underside is gray-green. Grows in mountainous regions, on cliff sides and in open, mixed forests on dry and calcareous soils |
Sh E |
Cotoneaster dammeri 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cms) high x individual branch horizontal spread is a prostrate evergreen, with shoots adapting themselves to whatever they can cover, and useful for a rock face, with white flowers in spring, and red berries during autumn. |
The bearberry cotoneaster (C. dammeri) resembles the rock cotoneaster but it is a semi-evergreen type. The leaves assume a purple tinge from late fall to early spring. Like the rock cotoneaster, it can be used for an espalier effect. It’s also excellent on gentle slopes and banks, in shrub borders and as a foundation planting. It is considered one of the best woody groundcovers, producing a solid carpet of glossy leaves." |
Français : Rameau fleuri de Cotoneaster dammeri. By Père Igor via Wikimedia Commons. |
Cytisus (Broom) ardoini Cytisus decumbens Supplier in UK Cytisus Supplier in UK Cytisus
Cytisus |
Bright Yellow Full Sun |
Apr-May Pruning should take place after flowering to prevent "leginess", for the spring-blooming species; the late-flowering ones are left until February or March. |
4-5 x 9-12 (10-12.5 x 23-30) |
Ordinary well-drained garden soil. Grafted plants are necessary for certain Brooms in shallow, chalky soil. |
Sh D Propagation is best by seed, also by cuttings and grafting. Cuttings should be taken in August; 1.5-3 inches (4-7.5 cms) long, with a "heel", and dibbled in a very sandy soil in frame or under a bell-glass. In the following spring, they should be potted singly into small pots. They should be placed in their permanent places early. |
Cytisus (Broom) in their dwarf forms are indispensable to any rock garden. |
Plant in October.
First Choices
First Choices
First Choices
There are other Cytisus used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery Invaluable for dry, hot spots, and grown in well-drained soils, and good sun, do very well. |
Cytisus ardoini. By Franco christophe via Wikimedia Commons. |
Daphne cneorum (Garland Flower) Supplier in UK Daphne cneorum pygmaea Supplier in USA Daphne retusa Supplier in UK Simba - 1 of the 5 Main Coon Cats at Dancing Oaks Nursery - donates locks of his hair to the birds for nest building in spring! |
Scented Rose-Pink Full Sun, |
Apr-May |
15 x 36-48 (38 x 90-120) |
Free-draining, humus-rich soil, never prone to becoming waterlogged or becoming dry. Plant in sandy peat, or sandy soil containing plenty of leaf-mould. Plant in autumn or spring. |
Sh E |
Daphne is prolific of delightful fragrant dwarf alpine shrubs but difficult to keep in the wetter parts of Britain.The gems are |
Best propagated by layers in early spring
First Choices First Choices
There are other Daphne used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
Daphne cneorum. By Tigerente via Wikimedia Commons. |
Genista dalmatica (Dalmatian Broom) Supplier in USA Genista januensis
Genista villarsii (Genista pulchella) Supplier in UK |
Golden-yellow pea-shaped and very freely produced Full Sun |
Jun-Jul |
6 x 30 |
Dry scree |
Sh D |
Genista is a genus of broom-like plants, differing chiefly from Cytisus in that the seed lacks a wart-like eminence near the hilum or scar left by its broken attachment to the parent plant. Of the dwarf species, |
First Choices
First Choices
First Choices There are other Genista used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
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Helianthemum alpestre (Alpine Sun Rose) Supplier in UK Supplier in Netherlands |
Yellow Full Sun |
Jun-Jul |
3 x 12 |
Grey-green Sandy loam, or ordinary garden soil, well-drained; if possible add ample lime-rubble. |
Sh E |
Helianthemum alpestre 3 x 12 inches (7.5 x 30 cms) is a charming compact, yellow-flowering Sun Rose, with grey-green evergreen foliage. |
Use on dry sunny banks. To keep the bushes under control and check any tendency to straggling, they may be clipped back in early July to the required size. Propagation is by seed sown in April, layering in August, or cuttings of half-matured wood in August, and placed in a shaded frame. The young plants should be grown on in pots until needed for planting out. A sunny position is their principal need. |
Helianthemum alpestre. By Kulac via Wikimedia Commons. |
Jasminum parkeri Supplier in UK |
Yellow Full Sun, |
Jun |
8 x 18 |
Mid-Green Almost any well-drained soil suits, even the scree. |
Sh E |
Jasminum parkeri 8 x 18 inches (20 x 45 cms), miniature, evergreen, procumbent shrubs, bearing solitary bright yellow flowers at the end of lateral or terminal shoots in June, sometimes succeeded by small whitish fruits. Sun or Part Shade, almost any soil suits, even the scree. |
First Choices
This plant is used as an alpine in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
Jasminum parkeri in Dundee Botanical Garden. Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Darwinius using CommonsHelper. By Cyrillic at the English language Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons. |
Polygala chamaebuxus (Shrubby Milkwort) Supplier in UK Polygala chamaebuxus grandiflora |
Fragrant Creamy-white flowers tipped with Yellow Full Sun They will however tolerate partial shade but this will result in a reduction of flowers produced. |
Apr-Jun |
4-6 x 20 (10-15 x 50) |
Dark Green
Do not plant under deciduous trees as they will not cope well with leaf litter over the autumn and winter. |
Sh E |
Polygala chamaebuxus 4-6 x 12 inches (10-15 x 30 cms), Bastard Box, a small bushy, evergreen shrub, bearing creamy or yellow flowers, sometimes with a touch of purple, from April onwards, and spreading by underground stems; in variety |
First Choices
There are other Polygala used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery Propagation by cuttings placed under a hand-light (cloche). Also by seeds. Easily increased by removing the suckers which form naturally beside the mat. |
Polygala chamaebuxus, Austria, Alps, the mountain Schneeberg near Wiener Neustadt. By Petr Filippov via Wikimedia Commons. |
Potentilla fruticosa mandshurica (Potentilla glabra var. mandschurica) Supplier in Germany Potentilla fruticosa nana argentea (Potentilla fruticosa beesii, Shrubby cinquefoil) Potentilla fruticosa parvifolia (Potentilla fruticosa farreri) Potentilla fruticosa 'Farrer's White' |
Creamy-white Full Sun |
May-Sep |
12-18 x 30-42 |
Dark Green coated both sides with appressed silky hairs Moist scree or sand |
Sh D |
Potentilla fruticosa provides a few dwarf deciduous summer-flowering shrubs in variety mandschurica 12-18 x 30-42 inches (30-45 x 75-105 cms), with dense arching growth, grey foliage leafing out early in the year, and creamy-white flowers thoughout summer; |
There are other Potentilla used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery Natural Habitat - Mixed forests, thickets, dry mountain slopes, rocky slopes, ravines; 1200--3400 m. Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [Korea]. Propagation by seeds. Cuttings of late summer wood root readily in sandy soil in frame. |
Potentilla fruticosa. By Wildfeuer via Wikimedia Commons. |
Salix lanata Salix reticulata Supplier in UK |
Golden yellow woolly catkins with the new leaves Full Sun |
Mar-Apr |
24-36 x 36-42 |
New ovate-roundish leaves are covered with long soft silvery hairs on both sides. Moist chalky soil |
Sh D |
Salix lanata 24-36 x 36-42 inches (60-90 x 90-105 cms) is a distinctive native willow, its shoots being covered with grey woolly hairs and the new ovate-roundish leaves are covered with long soft silvery hairs on both sides, and golden yellow catkins produced in May add to the handsomeness of this plant. |
First Choices
There are other Salix used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery Sheep and deer are fond of grazing it. Provides nectar and pollen for insects. |
Salix lanata: Leaves. By Sten Porse via Wikimedia Commons. |
Miniature Roses - Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima Rosa chinensis v. minima The above Rose cultivars came from the book "Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962", which provides most of the data about the Alpines in this Gallery. The Rose world has moved on and new cultivars are available (typed on 11 July 2016). |
Many different colours Full Sun |
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Plants should be spaced 12 inches (30 cms) apartl. Because of a shallower root system, minis may dry out faster than larger roses. Keep them moist but not soggy. |
Sh D |
Roses. Space may be happily devoted in rock garden beds or terraces to the miniature roses (Rosa chinensis v. minima) of which there are an increasing number:- 'Roulettii' 4-6 x 9-12 inches (10-15 x 23-30 cms), pink-flowering; 'Tinker Bell' 9-15 x 10-15 inches (23-38 x 25-38 cms), double, deep-pink; 'Sweet Fairy' 12-18 x 18-24 inches (30-45 x 45-60 cms), double, light pink; 'Cinderella' 10-12 x 18-21 inches (25-30 x 45-53 cms), shell pink to white; 'Sunbeam', 6-8 x 12 inches (15-20 x 30 cms), yellow; and 'Humpty Dumpty' 6-8 x 9-12 inches (15-20 x 23-30 cms), double carmine-pink; are typical. Good sun and the average rock garden soil compost suits. |
Heirloom Roses in USA on 11 July 2016:- "Miniature roses are perfection on a small scale. They grow well indoors or out and are useful colorful plantings in areas where space is limited. Miniature Roses are represented by twiggy, repeat-flowering shrubs ranging from 6" to 36" in height, with most falling in the 12"–24" height range. Climbing varieties can reach up to 5’ tall while still bearing tiny flowers. Blooms come in all the hybrid tea colors; many varieties also emulate the classic high-centered hybrid tea flower shape and can be found as single, semi-double, double or in clustered form. Miniature roses are great in containers, make lovely borders, and are perfect for those with a small yard or balcony."
Regan Nursery in USA on 11 July 2016:- "Miniatures are grown on their own root, and come in a dizzying array of colors."
British Roses in Britain on 11 July 2016:- "These roses have limited growth and so can be successfully grown in restricted situations, for example, in pots indoors, rockeries, troughs, flower beds close to the house" |
Rosa chinensis minima - Creeper rose, flowers white in cluster. By Yercaud-elango via Wikimedia Commons.
There are other Rosa used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
The AGS (Alpine Garden Society) online Plant Encyclopaedia (9 July 2016) The printed AGS Encyclopaedia of Alpines was published in 1993 and was heralded as "the standard reference in its field for many, many years to come". As part of the process of developing an online version of the Encyclopaedia, the original text has been scanned and converted into a website version that can now be continually updated and extended. AGS members can also make contributions (text or images) about their favourite genera and species and we hope that many of you will do this. Work is progressing on improving the range of images used to illustrate the encyclopaedia and on rectifying omissions in the original volumes. This will be an ongoing project for the foreseeable future. Online Encyclopaedia Project Development Stages Stage 1: Scan text from existing paper encyclopaedia. This was done some time ago and the end result was a structured pdf file containing all the original text and images. Scanning old text like this is fraught with problems and there were many issues to be sorted out before the scanned text could be used to create an online version of the encyclopaedia.
COMPLETED Stage 2: Design online version of encyclopaedia. This involved the design of a database to hold the data for the encyclopaedia and the screen layout and programs for presenting the information to the user. COMPLETED Stage 3: Clean up scanned text. This was a very tedious job. There were not only mis-scanned words ('Hardy'='Flardy'), but also places where the structure of the text was wrongly construed. This would have resulted in many species being missed and spurious species being created during the import Stage. COMPLETED Stage 4: Import final cleaned up scanned text into online version. It still needs careful proofreading as there are lots of one-off mis-scans that couldn't be easily detected at Stage 3. COMPLETED Stage 5: Provide good editing and access permission facilities for online version This is important as the proofreaders will be given editing permission for the genera they will cover and will want to make corrections as easily as possible. IN PROGRESS Stage 6: Proofreading of imported text and suggestions for omissions that need rectified.. This requires a large team of volunteers, each taking responsibility for one or more genera. Many people have already offered their services. IN PROGRESS Stage 7: Incorporate line drawings from original encyclopaedia These were all drawn by Christine Grey-Wilson and were an invaluable aid to identification within a genus. They were scanned at the same time as the original text but now need extracted from the scans and incorporated in the online version. IN PR0GRESS (see Saxifraga hirculus for an example) Stage 8: Incorporate images from original encyclopaedia. Original images from the paper encyclopaedia also need extracted and incorporated in the online version. PENDING Stage 9: Incorporate images from AGS website. This is working, but needs the images on the main AGS website to be better indexed so that an appropriate image with appropriate permission can be identified easily for use by the encyclopaedia. There are about 20,000 images on the main AGS website and another 4,000 or so in the Show results section which is separate - a tremendous resource. IN PROGRESS Stage 10: Incorporate supplementary material that was commissioned for a planned paper supplement. This material was on obsolete discs and an attempt has been made to retrieve the files from these discs. Some has been successfully retrieved and will be incorporated in the online encylopaedia. PENDING Stage 11: Develop a mechanism for AGS members to contribute to the encyclopaedia. This is being developed around the existing discussion facilities on the main AGS website. Members can submit their own growing tips and pictures to this more informal area of the encyclopaedia. This mechanism has been implemented. We need to add a facility for suggested new material to be approved and incorporated in the 'official' encyclopaedia. IN PROGRESS
Original Encyclopaedia Introduction by Chris Brickell Many individual gardeners were keenly, some almost obsessively, interested in alpine plants and rock gardening prior to the formation of the Alpine Garden Society in 1929. The enthusiasm engendered by the establishment of an organised society devoted to alpines, however, acted as a catalyst for devotees of the mountains and alpine plants to pursue their passion in the company of like-minded people and to pass on their expertise and knowledge to other gardeners who, in return, became alpine addicts. By the beginning of World War 2 membership of the AGS was 2,000 and after the war steady and sustained growth was achieved with the formation of local groups and a series of publications devoted to alpine plants being published by the Society. During the last ten years there has been a considerable upsurge in membership, now standing at 13,000 and a continuing demand for more and more detailed information on alpine plants. It is, therefore, both timely and very appropriate that our Society should have taken the decision to publish what is undoubtedly the most comprehensive, informative and accurate reference work on alpine plants that has ever been produced to date anywhere in the world: the Alpine Garden Society's Encyclopaedia of Alpines. Many alpine gardeners use Reginald Farrer's classic The English Rock Garden (1919) plus Sampson Clay's supplement The Present Day Rock Garden (1937) as a basic reference work, but inevitably with new plants tumbling into cultivation from all over the world, they now fall far short of our requirements. Recent AGS monographs on various genera have satisfied partially the thirst for knowledge of alpine and rock garden plants but the need for information on a world-wide basis has been apparent for some years. It was first discussed by the AGS Committee in the early 1980s and in 1985 it was decided to launch the Encyclopaedia Project. Kenneth Beckett was appointed Editor in 1986 and began the daunting task of planning the work and persuading knowledgeable AGS members to contribute accounts of genera of which they had particular expertise. The inclusion in the Encyclopaedia of just under one thousand genera of alpines known to be in cultivation, or to have been in cultivation, from the world's mountain flora is a remarkable achievement. Ken Beckett is to be congratulated and warmly thanked by all interested in alpine and rock garden plants for his extraordinary diligence, persistence and scholarship in preparing this outstanding reference work for publication. It should also be recorded that Ken Beckett further undertook to write more than half the accounts himself; a major achievement by any standards by an Editor of such a detailed and comprehensive work. The very important contributions made by AGS members, the design of the publication by John Fitzmaurice and overall production by Christopher Grey-Wilson, the Society's Editor, have all added greatly to the authority of the most ambitious publishing project yet undertaken by The Alpine Garden Society. Its coverage in two volumes is unequalled and there is no doubt in my mind that it will remain the standard reference in its field for many, many years to come." |
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Green Plant Swap in England:- |
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Buying Heathers from Jacksons Nurseries:- "Unlike many garden centres, supermarkets and some nurseries here at Jacksons Nurseries we sell the majority of our stock all year round. Our stock is for the most part grown outdoors making it far hardier than those grown under glass and/or only sold ‘In Season’. Here at Jacksons Nurseries we would favour a hardy outdoor grown plant every time. They are far less likely to suffer from the shock of being planted in colder conditions and they will begin to establish more rapidly the following spring. This can mean that they don’t look like a ‘picture perfect’ plant when purchased out of season but with the correct care and a little time you’ll have a wonderful plant to enjoy for many years to come." |
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Ed Hume and Gardening in America:- "HUME'S CHILDREN/EDUCATIONAL GARDEN Our new garden is a combination Children's Garden and adult Educational Garden. It consists of 15 fun, educational garden areas. Including the Quiz Garden; Blind Garden; Bird Garden; Flowering Plant area; Drought Garden; Native plant area; Herb Garden; Maze; Crazy Garden and more. Children will plant a seed, bulb or cutting to take with them and will learn about tissue culture; grafting; cuttings; rhizomes; bulbs, and much more, in a solar greenhouse. |
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Plantman in New Zealand:- "What Is Plantman? Who is the Plantman? |
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"When the stones are in place and the soil filled in and firmed, it is timely to consider the foundation plantings. These are the plants that are likely to remain with us many years, even a lifetime, and by their permanence vitally and everlastingly influence the character and appeal of the garden and its setting. In the rock garden these plants are the dwarf alpine shrub and conifers. They are in the nature of living furnishings, and
These plants are usually the first to go in;
The technique of planting is similar to that for other trees and shrubs. A planting hole should be made at least half as wide again as the present spread of the roots of the plant, with a rounded base like an inverted saucer. Most dwarf shrubs can be set with their lowest shoots or branches just resting on the soil surface, but conifers and plants on a single stem should be placed so that the soil reaches only to the soil mark on their stems made by the nursery planting. Soil is sifted in and firmed with finger pressure to the roots, and pressed down when completed without making it ironhard. Evergreens and conifers provided with roots in a soil ball only need to have the outer wrapping of hesian or polythene removed. Plants out of pots need drainage crocks removed with a pointed stick, and any roots wrapped around the inside wall of the pot should be straightened out with a minimum disturbance of the soil. After planting, a careful soaking of the soil will help further to settle it to the roots." |
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How to Create a Rock Garden from Nicola Green - Girl in the Garden. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Use in Bedding Out |
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Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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Blue |
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Cream |
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White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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Flowering plants of |
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Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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