Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Use Description |
Pruning Training Average Height and spread 10 years 20 years Problems |
Similar Forms of Interest
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Acacia (Hardy Forms) |
Yellow flowers in clusters or racemes, produced late winter and through spring. Normally fragrant, depending on variety |
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Grey-green |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Tr E Does best in light, well-drained soil. Severe alkaline conditions will cause chlorosis. |
Use - As a freestanding, upright or fan-trained tree against very sheltered large wall, where they gain from the protection. Making an attractive specimen on the patio in a roomy container, Acacia armata also makes an ideal conservatory plant if you have room. Foliage - Attractive grey-green, cut-leaved foliage 6-10 inches (15-25 cms) long and 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) wide. Stem - Blue tinged grey/green, fast growing. Adapts to training. |
Pruning - None except for training in a fan or upright shape. Training - Will require fixing to wires or individual anchor points.
Height/spread 10 years - 132 x 132 (340 x 340) freestanding 20 years - 168 x 168 (430 x 430) freestanding Protrudes up to 36 inches (91 cms) from support if fan-trained, 156 inches (400 cms) untrained.
Problems - May rarely survive outside the mildest areas in the UK. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade) but some terminal stem damage may be caused in severe wind chill conditions. |
Acacia armata (Kangaroo thorn). Profuse yellow flowers over the entire branches in Feb-May. Small prickles and small dissected leaves. Large bushy habit, reaching tree proportions in very favourable areas. Noxious weed in California, USA. Acacia baileyana (Cootamundra wattle). Glaucous, cut leaved foliage and bright yellow racemes of flowers in Dec-Apr. Two thirds average height and spread. Requires glasshouse conditions in UK. Acacia dealbata (Silver wattle, mimosa). Fern-like, silver-green foliage, masses of yellow flowers in Jan-Apr. One of the hardest forms. Requires glasshouse conditions in UK. |
Acer negundo is Box elder, Ashleaf maple |
Pendent, 2-4 inches (5-10 cms) long sulphur-yellow, fluffy flowers appear before the leaves. These flowers appear in pendant clusters in spring on separate male and female trees. Flowers are not showy. Female flowers give way to fruits (samaras) which mature in fall and often persist on the tree well into winter. Fruiting can be abundant. |
Apr |
360-600 x 360-600 |
Light Green turning yellow in the autumn |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Tr D Native UK tree and native American tree. Does well on all soil types, except very dry where it may survive but may not thrive. Severely alkaline soils may cause chlorosis. Tolerates a moderately exposed aspect in full sun or light to mid shade. |
Use - As a fan-trained tree for large walls, as a shade tree and as a hedge. Foliage - Light green pinnate leaves, 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) wide and long, with three to five and sometimes up to nine leaflets. Some varieties with pink, gold or white variegation. Soft texture; slightly pendulous habit. Good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light to mid green, grey/green with downy texture when young. Upright at first, becoming more branching with age. Medium to fast rate of growth. Fruit - Pendent, 3 inch (7.5 cms) long winged fruits, grey/green when young, ageing to light yellow-brown. On mature trees seed can be plentiful. |
Pruning - Cut young trees hard back to within 18 inches (45 cms) of their base in spring following planting. Select resulting five to seven shoots and tie into a fan-trained shape. In subsequent years remove all side and forward growths back to 2 inch (5 cms) from their origin but maintain and encourage main branches in fan shape. Training - Will require tying to wires or individual anchor points. Height/spread Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 0 degrees Fahrenheit (-18 degrees Centigrade). Intolerant of shade. |
Acer negundo 'Auratum'. Golden-yellow foliage from spring through summer. Slightly smaller than average. Acer negundo californicum. A green-leaved form with pink, pendulous fruits. Less hardy than most. Acer negundo 'Elegans' (Acer negundo 'Elegantissima'). Variegated foliage with yellow edges. Slightly less than average height and spread. Acer negundo 'Flamingo'. Pale to rosy pink variegated leaves at tips of all new rowths from late spring, through early summer and often into autumn. Mature leaves variegated white. Acer negundo 'Variegatum' (Acer negundo 'Argenteovariegatum'). Broad, white leaf margins but likely to revert to green. Acer negundo violaceum. Young shoots purple to violet and covered with white bloom. Long, pendent pink flower tassels in spring. Good autumn colours. Slightly less hardy. May have to be bought from specialist nurseries. |
Actinidia arguta is Hardy kiwi |
0.75 inches (19 mm) across, white with dark purple anthers, fragrant; borne in pairs. Normally only produced in warm climates. This perennial vine produces a small fruit resembling the kiwifruit. All but the most exposed aspect. Light shade to full sun. Wildlife friendly - attracts bees and other pollinating insects. |
After flowering in June, small green fruits dotted white mature over the Summer ready for harvest late September / October. |
144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Light green turning a good yellow in autumn. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Requires a moist, rich, prefering slightly acidic soil. |
Use - As a free-growing deciduous climbing plant for covering large areas, at its best when showing its autumn foliage colour. Produces fruit in favourable areas. Good on non-house walls, fences, or pergolas; can be allowed to ramble through large shrubs and trees to provide interest. They require a sunny, sheltered position, ideally a south or west facing wall. They also grow well along a pergola. In milder areas they can be grown out in the open. Foliage - Oval, pointed, with toothed edges, up to 5 inches (12 cm) long and 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Light green turning a good yellow in autumn. Stem - Grey-green when young, becoming light brown; slightly downy texture. Twining and twisting. Attractive in winter. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Oblong, green-yellow, edible. Only produced in warm climates. |
Pruning - Not normally required but can be contained by removal of any offending lateral shoots. It quickly rejuvenates itself with vigorous new growth. Training - Allow to ramble through trees or large shrubs. Provide wires or other large-scale support systems. It twines and does not normally require tying in. Height/spread Problems - Can be shy to flower and therefore shy to fruit in all but the warmest areas (like the Isle of Wight or Channel Islands in the UK), although it is worth growing for the autumn foliage effect. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 13 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
Actinidia arguta 'Cordifolia'. Narrow foliage, scarce. Actinidia arguta 'Aureo-variegata'. Golden variegated foliage. Scarce. |
Actinidia chinensis is Chinese Gooseberry, Kiwifruit |
Creamy-white becoming buff yellow, 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide, five-petalled, incurving cup shaped. Male or female on different plants both needed for pollination. |
May-Jun
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After 10 years 240 x 240 (600 x 600) |
Extremely ornamental light green foliage adorning a vigorous grower which can produce edible fruit in hot summers. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D A deep, well-fed, light soil for best results although it is tolerant to a wide range except extremely waterlogged. |
Use- As a fast-growing deciduous climber for non-house walls, fences, or through trees and large shrubs. Foliage - Large, almost round, heavily veined, 5-8 inch (12-20 cm) across. Downy undersides. Light green when young becoming more brown/green with age, good yellow/light orange autumn colour. Stem - Mid green when young becoming light brown. Vigorous, twisting yet not clinging, wide ranging habit. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Small, hairy, oblong, round-ended. Up to 2 inches (5 cm) long with gosseberry flavour, not always reliable in all but hottest areas. |
Pruning - Train shoots to cover required area, prune back all surplus shoots either after fruiting or in late summer to 2 buds from the point of origin. Training - Tie young shoots of newly planted plants to wires on no-house walls and fences; they normally become sel-twining and supporting. In trees and large shrubs, clings by twining. Height/spread Problems - Often planted in areas too small to accomodate it. Can be shy to fruit. Male and female plants may be difficult to find. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade0. Some damage to the tips of growth may be caused in spring by frost but normally to no great harm. |
Actinidia chinensis 'Atlas'. A good male form for pollinating other varieties; free flowering. Actinidia chinensis 'Heywood'. Good female form, heavy cropping on warm south walls, will require a male variety for pollination. Actinidia chinensis 'Tomurii'. Male, free flowering, disease resistant. |
Ampelopsis breviped-unculata is Porcelain Berry, Amur Peppervine |
Yellow. Flowers on new growth, so this vine may be cut to the ground in late winter (optional) to control growth. Does well in all aspects. Light shade to full sun. |
Jun-Aug It is a major invasive plant species in parts of the Eastern United States. It is invasive in urban settings as well as in more pastoral settings. Porcelain berry is often found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, old fields, and floodplains where sunlight is abundant. Birds consume the seeds of porcelain berry and act as a vector to transport it. |
After 10 years - 156 x 156 (400 x 400) |
Deep Green It is one on the list of Current Research Organisms for Control in New Zealand |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Dislikes extremely wet, dry or poor cinditions. Does well on both acid or alkaline soil types. |
Use - Attractive autumn foliage climber to cover non-house walls, fences and pergolas; when used on the latter makes a good shade cover. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Three or five-lobed broadly ovate leaves, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long. Coarse texture. Downy undersides with pronounced veins often purple red in colour. Good yellow/orange autumn colour. Stem - Light to green/brown, becoming darker, twining in habit, may be self-clinging on old brick walls. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Bright blue, grape-like in shape, 0.25-0.5 inches (5mm-1cm) wide. May require warm summers to fruit well. |
Pruning - Not normally required other than that needed for shaping, although in confined spaces can be cut hard back in spring without ill effect. Training - Tie young shoots to wires or wall fixings, normally becomes self-entwining and clinging on walls and fences or over pergolas. Height/spread Problems - Can become invasive in good conditions. In too deep shade can become open and lax in habit. In wet autumns may fail to produce good autumn colour. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
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Aristolochia macrophylla is Dutchman's Pipe |
1-1.5 inch (2.5-4 cm) long yellow-green siphon-shaped flowers with open mouth effect at top, coloured purple/brown around edges; produced in pairs at leaf axils and carried on tall shoots. Requires a sheltered aspect. Best in very light shade but will tolerate degrees either side. |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Light Green I think Australia would prefer it if this plant was not grown in Australia |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid, requires a good rich organic content to maintain adequate moisture to support the large leaf structure. |
Use - As a deciduous climber for sheltered walls including house-walls, fences and pillars. Has been used for many years to screen front porches, and is capable of creating a deep shade. Foliage - Large, kidney- or heart-shaped, sometimes blunt, sometimes pointed; 4-10 inches (10-25 cm) long and wide with downy undersides, light green upper surface; presented on stalks 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm) long, yellow autumn colour.Very attractive for shape and size. Stems - Long, light grey/green turning green/brown twining stems, not sel-supporting. Medium to fast rate of growth. Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Shorten back previous season's growth in early spring to encourage good production of new foliage and flowers. Training - Tie to wires in a fan-shape to show foliage off to best effect. Height/spread Problems - May be difficult to find. Can take 2 years to establish before really good new growth is seen, in which time foliage will be small. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade). |
Poisonous - Aristolochia macrophylla contains the natural substance aristolochic acid. Aristoclochic acid is found in all plants of the Aristolochiaceae family. Aristolochic acid is a very dangerous compound in that this acid is a potent mutagen and carcinogen that can cause urological cancers as well as permanent kidney failure. |
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Azara dentata See Photo ---> |
Clusters of fragrant yellow flowers in spring, borne in profusion. Very sheltered aspect. Tolerates full sun to mid shade. |
May-Jun |
After 10 years - 96 x 96 (240 x 240) |
Bright green to glossy dark green with felted undersides. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh E Does well on most soils but dislikes excessive alkalinity and waterlogging. |
Use - As a fan-trained shrub for walls and fences in sheltered areas or in conservatories and greenhouses. This scented flowering evergreen is on the tender side, requiring the protection of a wall in winter if outside. Foliage - Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm) long, bright green to glossy dark green with felted undersides. Stem - Light green to mid green. Upright when young, becoming more twiggy and spreading with age. Moderate rate of growth. |
Pruning - None required. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - None, apart from its lack of hardiness. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade).
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Azara lanceolata. Narrow, lanceolate leaves and mustard yellow flowers in early summer which are as fragrant as those of Azara dentata. Azara serrata. Often confused with Azara dentata, producing similar scented flowers under the edges of each leaf. Leaves more serrated. In hot climates, or in hot summers, small white berries may be produced. One of the hardier forms. |
Buddleia alternifolia is Fountain buddleia, Alternate-leaved butterfly bush |
Small bunches of very fragrant, lilac-coloured, small, trumpet-shaped flowers bone along graceful , arching branches in early summer. Tolerates all but the most severe of aspects. Best in full sun, tolerates slight dappled shade. |
Jul-Aug |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Grey-green with yellow autumn colour. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh D Prefers good, rich, deep soil, although tolerates other soil types. |
Use - As a large late summer to early autumn flowering, graceful, arching deciduous wall shrub. It is is endemic to Kansu, China, where it grows along river banks in thickets. Wall use is particularly suitable for the variety Buddleia alternifolia 'Argentea'. It is also used in woodlands, hedges and on banks, as well as in butterfly gardens. Foliage - Leaves grey/green, lanceolate. 1.5-4 inches (4-10 cm) long, giving yellow autumn colour. Stem - Grey/green to mid green, vigorous, long, upright, becoming arching. Fast growing. Fruit - Brown to grey/brown seedheads in autumn and winter. |
Pruning - Thin out one third of growth after flowering on established shrubs. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - When offered for sale it resembles an old, woody shrub. Once planted out, however, it grows quickly and often fills a larger space than anticipated. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade). |
Buddleia alternifolia 'Argentea'. Slightly more tender and lower growing, with attractive silver foliage and slightly paler blue flowers. Best protected by a sunny, sheltered wall. The Buddleja Garden is a website about Buddlejas with original content and aims to provide useful information for both gardeners and plantsmen. |
Campsis grandiflora (Campsis chinensis, Bignonia grandiflora, Tecoma grandiflora) is Chinese Trumpet Vine 日本語: ノウゼンカズラ Place: Osaka, Japan. By I, KENPEI, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Panicles of 6 to 12 deep orange/red, wide-mouthed, trumpet-shaped flowers up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long. The mouth of each flower is attractively divided into 5 segments, resembling 5 lips. Late summer/early autumn. Sheltered aspect. Must be in full sun to ripen previous season's growth and encourage production of subsequent flowers. |
Jul-Sep |
After 10 years - 192 x 192 (500 x 500) |
Mid to dark green leaves. Good yellow autumn colour. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid. Requires a deep, well fed, well drained moist soil with a high organic content for best results. |
Use - As a large rambling deciduous climbing vine for sunny locations on non-house walls and fences. Also good for covering large pergolas, gazebo's etc. and for climbing large, high-canopied trees where adequate sunshine is available. It requires considerable space and a warm wall location for maximum flower production. Foliage - 7 to 9 light green oval leaflets up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long with coarse-toothed edges make up a pinnate shaped leaf. Good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green when young, becoming yellow/brown, finally brown, twining, not self-clinging. Fast rate of growth. It climbs by means of aerial rootlets, which, like English Ivy, can damage wood, stone, and brick. Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Long, unwanted shoots produced in late spring and summer can be cut hard back after leaf fall in autumn, except those which are required for further training for the vine shape. Training - Tie to wires or trellis on walls and fences. When grown up trees, will require some early support by tying in. Height/spread Problems - Not quick to cover a required area. Cab shy to come into flower and may require several years before it produces any type of good display. Late to break leaf in spring - often as late as the end of early summer - especially in the year following planting. Tolerates a mimimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
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Campsis radicans is Trumpet honeysuckle |
4 to 12 trumpet-shaped flowers 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) long and up to 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide at the mouth presented in clusters at the ends of shoots in late summer to early autumn. The mouth of the flower has an interesting five-lobed effect, giving it a lip-like appearance. Orange/red in colour, some red and yellow varieties. Must be in full sun to ripen previous season's growth and encourage production of subsequent flowers. |
Aug-Sep |
After 10 years - 240 x 240 (600 x 600) |
Light to mid green in colour. Good yellow autumn colour. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid; requires a deep, well fed, well drained soil with a high organic content for best results. |
Use - For sunny non-house walls and fences, for covering large pergolas, gazebos or other similar structures and for climbing large, high-canopied trees where adequate sunshine is available. Foliage - Up to 11 almost oval leaflets up to 4 inches (10 cm) long with toothed edges form pinnate leaves 8-12 inches (20-30 cm) long, light to mid green in colour. Good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light grey/green when young ageing to creamy brown. Twining with retaining tendrils at leaf joints. Fast rate of growth. Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Long, unwanted shoots produced in late spring and summer can be cut hard back after leaf fall in autumn except those that are required for further training. Training - Support with trellis, individual anchor points or wires, there is a certain amount of self-cling by tendrils, but the weight of branches normally calls for secondary securing. Height/spread Problems - Can be slow to come into flower and sometimes late to break leaf in spring, often as late as early summer. Often planted in areas where it is unable to fulfil its full potential because of lack of space or an unsuitable aspect. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade). |
Campsis radicans 'Atropurpurea'. Deep scarlet flowers. Campsis radicans 'Flava'. Variety with all yellow flowers. Campsis radicans 'Praecox'. Campsis x tagliabuana 'Madam Galen'. A good free flowering variety with large salmon red flowers and good foliage. Campsis radicans 'Yellow Trumpet'. vigorous climber for south-facing wall with Yellow petals at flower mouth and orange trumpet tube in Jul-Sep The Home Of clematis site works in concert with one of the world’s most renowned clematis producers. |
Catalpa bignonioides - Indian Bean Tree, Southern Catalpa Native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. |
Upright panicles 8-10 inches |(20-25 cm) long of white, trumpet-shaped flowers with frilled edges, yellow markings and purple spotted throats, produced mid summer. Requires a moderately sheltered aspect. Golden-leaved varieties scorch in full sun. |
Jun-Jul The flowers refuse to be self-fertilized. Each flower has its own stamens and its own stigma but the lobes of the stigma remain closed until after the anthers have opened and discharged their pollen; after they have withered and become effete then the stigma opens and invites the wandering bee. The entire Pink family behave in this way. |
After 10 years - 360 x 360 (900 x 900) |
The bright green leaves appear late and as they are full grown before the flower clusters open, add much to the beauty of the blossoming tree. They secrete nectar, a most unusual characteristic for leaves, by means of groups of tiny glands in the axils of the primary veins. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Tr D Requires a deep, rich, moist soil to do well. Shows signs of chlorosis on extremely thin alkaline soils. |
Use - As a large, fan-trained tree for walls. Foliage - Broadly ovate leaves, 6-10 inches (15-25 cm) long and 3-8 inches (7.5-20 cm) wide, presented on long stalks. Good yellow autumn colour. Foliage smells unpleasant when crushed. Stem - Light grey/green, becoming green/brown. Strong and upright. Pruning increases branching. Medium to fast growth rate, becoming slower and more spreading after the first 5 years. Fruit - Long, narrow, green, ageing to black, slender pods, 8-15 inches (20-38 cms) long, produced in early autumn and retained into early winter.
Ceratomia catalpae caterpillars. have a longstanding ecological relationship with the tree, and may defoliate a tree three or more times in a summer without killing it. Fishing enthusiasts prize the caterpillars as bait, particularly for catfish, and may freeze them for months after collecting them in the spring. |
Pruning - Prune young trees hard in spring following planting. Select and train resulting 5 to 7 shoots and tie into a fan-trained shape. In subsequent years, remove all side growths back to 2 points from their origin and maintain main branches in fan shape. Training - Will require tying to wires or individual anchor points. Height/spread Problems - Flowering may be decreased by fan-training but leaves will increase in size, particularly on golden-leaved varieties. May be damaged by high winds or heavy snow; consider location when planting. Young trees rarely look attractive, especially while in nursery production. |
Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea'. Attractive, broad, large, golden-yellow leaves. A less hardy form, even slightly tender. One-third average height and spread, but may reach more in ideal conditions. Catalpa bignonioides 'Variegata'. Attractive large-leaved foliage, grey/green leaves margined with gold. Catalpa x hybrida 'Purpurea'. New growth purple to purple/green, ageing to dark green. White flowers. Two-thirds average height and spread. This intense desire to get people closer to nature is the reason Nativ Nurseries was founded. For years, Toxey had collected special seed and hand grew many plants and trees in his backyard. As Mossy Oak grew, we needed a source for plants and trees for our own properties; one that carried the many wildlife varieties that you couldn’t find readily available and one that appreciated their effects on habitat and food sources. Not only did we need a source for these "naturally beneficial" plants and trees, but we wanted a source that would provide us with genetically advanced varieties from superior parent trees; varieties that had preferred characteristics like taste, vigorous growth, health and early abundant mast production; characteristics that wildlife and outdoor enthusiasts prefer. |
Ceanothus (Evergreen Forms) |
Various shades of blue flowers, some tufted, borne in panicles or umbels in mid to late spring, some varieties early or late summer and even autumn. Requires a sheltered aspect; prefers full sun,tolerates light to medium shade |
See on right for months of flowering of each variety |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (350 x 350) |
Light to dark green leaves with shiny upper surfaces and dull grey undersides. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh E Good, deep, rich soil, by providing 4 inch (10 cm) depth of matured winter bedded cow manure in February. Tolerates both acidity and mild alkalinity. Thin chalk or limestone soils will induce severe chlorosis. |
Use - As a fan-trained evergreen wall shrub for walls and fences. Foliage - Leaves mostly ovate, 0.5-1.5 inches (1-4 cm) long, light to dark green, in a few varieties broad to narrow lanceolate. All with shiny upper surfaces and dull grey undersides. In some varieties leaves have pronounced tooth edge, others convex, inturned shapes. Stem - Light green to grey/green. Upright when young, becoming very twiggy. Medium rate of growth. Fruit. Insignificant.
Ceanothus 'Blue Cushion'. Very deep blue flowers, spreading but close-growing. Ceanothus 'Burkwoodii'. Rich blue flowers borne mainly late spring and early summer, with good displays intermittently until autumn. Slightly more tender and slightly less height and spread than the average. Ceanothus 'Cascade'. Powder blue flowers in open panicles in spring (in May-Jun). Foliage light green and more lanceolate than normal. Branches more lax and open, forming attractive, almost pendulous habit. Ceanothus divergens. Deep blue flowers, spreading habit. Ceanothus 'Edinburgh' (syn Ceanothus 'Edinensis') Mid blue panicles of flowers in spring. Broad, olive-green leaves. Less than average hardiness. Ceanothus gloriosus 'Emily Brown'. Fluffy violet/blue flowers in early summer. Low growing. May be more tender. Ceanothus 'Floribundas' Large clusters of mid blue flowers in late spring. Ceanothus 'Hurricane Point'. Cornflower-blue flowers late spring/early summer. Good foliage. Low growing. Ceanothus 'Ray Hartman'. Large deep blue flowers in mid spring to late summer. Hardy. Ceanothus rigidus. Very dark blue flowers in small, short tufted panicles profusely borne mid to late spring. Interesting foliage, very dark olive green, small and crinkled. Tender. Ceanothus 'Snow Flurries'. Snow-white flowers. Less hardy than average. Ceanothus 'Sothmead'. Sky blue flowers in late spring and early summer. A very dense-growing shrub, with light green, broad, lanceolate leaves. Slightly less hardy than average. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus. An abundance of medium-sized, well-spaced, mid blue flower panicles in spring and early summer. Dark green leaves. One of the hardiest varieties. |
Pruning - Prune shoots by one third on 3-4 year old shrubs, annually after flowering. This will encourage new growth. Treat severe winter damage by cutting back into non-damaged wood. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Leaves liable to scorching by cold winds. Will not attain full height and spread in unsuitable areas and likely to experience chlorosis on unsuitable soils.
Ceanothus 'Concha'. Bright blue summer flowers in May-Jun. Ceanothus 'Delight'. Deep blue flowers, produced in panicles 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) long in mid to late spring. Leaves broad, lanceolate and green. Said to be one of the hardiest varieties. Ceanothus impressus. Deep blue flowers, small, but borne in great profusion. Distinctive foliage effect, with small, curled, dark green leaves, veins being very deeply impressed within the surface. New shoots red to purple/red in colour. One of the hardiest of the ceanothus varieties. Ceanothus impressus 'Puget Blue'. Deeper blue flowers and larger foliage in May-Jun. Possibly less hardy than its parent. Ceanothus 'Indigo'. Indigo blue flowers in early summer. Ceanothus 'Italian Skies'. Mid to soft sky-blue panicles of flowers, borne in trusses on branching stems in spring. Medim-sized, round to ovate light green leaves. Less hardy than average. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Blue Mound'. Covered in short panicles of deep blue flowers, late spring and early summer. Dark green leaves. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 'Repens' (Creeping Blue Blossom). Rich blue flowers in abundance in mid-spring. Good-sized, dark green, tooth-edged foliage. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus repens 'Gnome'. Light blue flowers in spring, deep green leaves. Low habit. |
Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea). Panicles of white flowers in early to mid summer (in Jun-Aug); dark green ovate leaves. A slightly tender variey reaching two-thrids average height and spread. Ceanothus arboreus (Tree Ceanothus). Deep, vivid blue flowers in panicles borne in spring. Large, ovate, dark green leaves. Slightly more tender than the average and attains one third more height and spread. Ceanothus arboreus 'Trewithen Blue'. Flowers slightly scented and deeper blue than Ceanothus arboreus. Ceanothus 'A.T. Johnson'. Mid to pale blue panicles of flowers, late spring, some early autumn flowering. Alight green, large-leaved variety. Very vigorous in habit, in some situations exceeding average height and spread. Ceanothus 'Autumnal Blue'. Good-sized panicles of dark blue flowers, late summer and autumn. One of the hardiest varieties. It can easily be trained against a wall or fence to form a hedge. Ceanothus dentatus (Santa Barbara Ceanothus). Bright blue flowers in late spring, small, tooth-edged dark green leaves. Ceanothus 'Dignity'. Dark blue flower panicles and dark green foliage. Normally flowers in spring, sometimes intermittently in autumn. Ceanothus 'Joyce Coulter'. Deep blue flowers. Groundcover plant. Ceanothus 'Julia Phelps'. Deep cobalt-blue flowers and deep green leaves. Attracts bees. Ceanothus x lobbianus 'Russelianus'. Bright blue flowers, freely borne in mid to late spring. Less hardy than average. Ceanothus pappillosus 'Roweanus'. Dark blue flowers in late spring; sticky leaves. Tender. Ceanothus prostratus (Squaw Carpet). Bright blue flowers borne freely in spring on this creeping, spreading plant with small, dark green to light green, broad to lanceolate leaves. Groundcover plant. Ceanothus 'Topaz'. Large, well-spaced panicles of indigo blue flowers, mid to late summer. Large, round or ovate, mid green leaves. In cold climates should be considered semi-evergreen or even deciduous. Ceanothus x veitchianus. Deep blue flowers, late spring and early summer. Medium-sized, dark green, broadly lanceolate leaves. Taller than average varieties and said to be one of the hardiest. Ceanothus griseus 'Yankee Point'. Panicles of light blue flowers in mid spring. Light to mid green, medium-sized, narrow, ovate leaves. Compact habit. |
Ceanothus is Californian Lilac (Deciduous Forms) |
Flowers in panicles up to 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) long, various shades of blue, pink or white, in late summer and in some varieties held into early autumn. Tolerates all but the most exposed of aspects. Best in full sun to very light shade. |
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After 10 years - 72 x 72 (180 x 180) |
Leaves medium to large, ovate, tooth-edged, light green to olive-green, some varieties having pink to pink/red leaf stalks. Some yellow autumn colour. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh D Good, rich, deep soil, tolerates poorer types if given adequate feeding but liable to chlorosis when severe alkalinity is present. |
Use - A very attractive range of late summer/early autumn shrubs, ideal for fan-training on wall. Foliage - Leaves medium to large, ovate, 3-5 inches (7.5-12 cm) long, tooth-edged, light green to olive-green, some varieties having pink to pink/red leaf stalks. Some yellow autumn colour. Stem - Upright, strong new growth produced each spring with flowers borne at the tips. Light to mid-green, ageing to dark brown in autumn. Fast to medium rate of growth. |
Pruning - Prune back hard in spring all previous season's growth to 4 inches (10 cm) from point of origin except shoots needed to form a fan shape. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - If insufficiently pruned; becomes weak and performs insipidly. Shoots can occasionally be broken by strong winds. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade) |
Ceanothus 'Gloire de Versailles'. A popular variety with large panicles of well-spaced, powder blue flowers, mid to late summer. Ceanothus 'Henri Defosse'. Beautiful large panicles of deepest blue to purple/blue flowers, late summer. Dark green, medium sized, elliptic leaves. Ceanothus 'Marie Simon'. Pale pink flowers borne in good-sized panicles, mid to late summer. Mid green oblong leaves with purple/red main veins and leaf stalks. Possibly more tender than average. Ceanothus 'Perle Rose'. Flowers carmine, borne in good-sized panicles, mid to late summer. Foliage smaller than average and with red to purple/red veins. May suffer die-back in winter. May be slower to establish than other varieties. |
Celastrus orbiculatus is Staff Vine, Climbing Bittersweet, Oriental Bittersweet PlantThis and its Plant Selector are for those at any stage of their affair with plants. A reference for newcomers looking for guidance; a resource for knowledgeable enthusiasts; a selection tool for the practical and professional garden-maker; and inspiration for all the plant dreamers. The right plant for you is out there. |
Small green flowers carried in clusters of up to 4 in early summer, of little interest. Flowers may be of single sex. Full sun to medium shade with no particular preference. |
Jun-Jul
Considered to be an invasive species in eastern North America. When Celastrus orbiculatus grows by itself, it forms thickets; when it is near a tree or shrub, the vines twist themselves around the trunk. The encircling vines have been known to strangle the host tree to death, which is also true of the American species, C. scandens. |
After 10 years - 240 x 240 (600 x 600) The Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States is a collaborative project between the National Park Service, the University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The purpose of the Atlas is to assist users with identification, early detection, prevention, and management of invasive plants. |
Light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. This is recorded in Australia as being It might be thought that this plant is not one of their favourites in America or Australia, whereas in good old Britain we have nurseries selling this to us mugs. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Does well on all soil types, both alkaline and acid, with no particular preference except for adequate root run in moist, well-drained soil. |
Use - For growing over large buildings such as garages and sheds, through large established trees and shrubs or over large constructions such as pergolas, since it is a large deciduous vigourous vine requiring careful space location to produce its best fruiting results. Foliage - Oval, up to 5 inches (12 cm) long, with points; carried on short stalks up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long; light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. Stem - Twsting, twining, not self-clinging; light grey/green when young becoming light creamy brown with age. Some limited winter attraction in good light. Very fast growing. Fruit - The main attraction. Capsules, bright yellow in colour when ripe, oen to reveal a scarlet-coated seed within. Carried in large numbers on mature climbers. The hermaphrodite- flowered form is self-fertile and bears frit without a pollinator; otherwise male and female plants will be necessary. |
Pruning - Not normally considered practical as it covers an extremely large area but can be reduced in size if required after fruiting. Training - Leave to ramble through whatever type of construction or tree it is to cover. Self supporting by twining effect but not self-clinging. Height/spread Problems - Its overall size is often underestimated and it must be allowed to achieve this size to produce good displays of fruit. Some all male forms may exist when propagated from seed, but most plants produced in commercial horticulture are of the hermaphrodite form so the problem of also finding space for a female plant normally does not arise. |
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Clematis alpina |
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Clematis armandii |
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Clematis (Double and Semi-Double) |
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Clematis flammula |
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Clematis x jouiniana praecox |
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Clematis (Large-Flowered Hybrids) |
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Clematis montana |
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Clematis orientalis |
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Clematis vitalba |
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Abutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' , Corynabutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' |
Large, delicate white flowers |
May-Jul |
120-180 x |
Grey-green leaves. |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. Foliage - Young shoots and foliage are covered with hair. |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. |
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Cotoneaster x hybridus pendulus |
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Cotoneaster (Medium Height, Spreading Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen Forms for Walls) |
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Cotoneaster (Tall Deciduous Forms) |
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Cotoneaster (Tall Evergreen Forms) |
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Crataegus (Autumn Foliage Forms) |
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Crataegus oxycantha |
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Cydonia oblonga |
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Cytisus battandieri |
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Eccremocarpus scaber |
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Elaeagnus x ebbingei |
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Escallonia |
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Eucalyptus |
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x Fatshedera lizei |
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Fatsia japonica |
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Ficus carica |
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Fremonto-dendron californica |
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Hedera canariensis |
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Hedera colchica |
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Humulus lupulus 'Aureus' |
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Jsminum officinale |
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Kolkwitzia amabilis |
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Lathyrus latifolius |
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Lathyrus odoratus |
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Lavatera olbia |
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Ligustrum ovalifolium |
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Lonicera x americana |
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Lonicera caprifolium |
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Lonicera etrusca |
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Lonicera japonica 'Halliana' |
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Lonicera japonica henryii |
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Lonicera repens |
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Lonicera pericly-menum (Hybrids) |
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Lonicera tragophylla |
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Magnolia grandiflora (Large-growing, Star-flowered Forms) |
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Magnolia x soulangiana (Summer Flowering Forms) |
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Mahonia x 'Charity' |
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Malus (Fruiting Forms) |
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Malus (Green-leaved Flowering Forms) |
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Malus (Purple-leaved Forms) |
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Parthenocissus henryana |
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Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
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Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii' |
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Passiflora caerulea |
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phaseolus coccineus |
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Philadelphus (Tall-growing Forms) |
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Piptanthus laburnifolius |
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Plumbago capensis |
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Polygonum bald-schuanicum |
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Pyracantha |
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Pyrus |
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Robinia (Pink-flowering Forms) |
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Robinia pseudoacacia |
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Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia' |
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Rosa (Climbing Musk Roses and Similar Forms) |
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Rosa (Rambler Roses) |
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Rubus fruticosus (Blackberry Hybrids) |
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Rubus loganobaccus (Loganberry Hybrids) |
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Solanum crispum |
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Solanum dulcamara 'Variegatum' |
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Sorbus aria |
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Tropaeolum majus |
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Viburnum opulus |
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Vitis 'Brant' |
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Vitis coignetiae |
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Vitis vinifera (Grape Vine Hybrids) |
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Weigela |
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Wisteria floribunda |
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Wisteria floribunda 'Macrobotrys' |
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Wisteria sinensis |
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"Many other climbers and wall shrubs may perform well with this type of cultivation but those listed above are the most reliable." from The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Flower Simple Shape |
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Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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1a. |
1b. |
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2b. |
3a. |
3c. |
Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elaborated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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. |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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. |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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. |
Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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