Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Use Description |
Pruning Training Average Height and spread 10 years 20 years Problems |
Similar Forms of Interest
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Abeliophyllum distichum is Korean abelialeaf, White Forsythia |
Tiny, white, sweetly scented flowers with mauve-tinged basal shading when in bud. |
60 x 60 |
Opposite, oval, matt, dark-green leaves to 8cm (3in) often turning purple in autumn. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Does well on all soils, except very alkaline. |
Use - As a small, fragrant, early spring flowering deciduous wall shrub. Foliage - Leaves ovate, 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cms) long, light green, often sparsely presented. Stem - Shoots lend well to fan-training, using wires or individual anchor points. Slow to medium growth. Fruit - Insignificant May not withstand open/exposed sites or central/northern locations. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -15°C (5°F). |
Pruning - None required. A hard prune every three to four years will control twigginess. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage a fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Looks weak and uninteresting in a container - hence its limited planting. |
None |
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Actinidia kolomikta is Kolomikta vine, michurin actinidia |
Unattractive white fragrant flowers with yellow anthers 0.5 (1 cm) wide; borne in groups of one to 3. Requires some shelter from exposed aspects. Tolerates light shade but prefers full sun. |
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200 x 160 |
Tips start white and age to pink, contrasting with dark green remainder, some yellow autumn colour. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Tolerates both alkaline and acid conditions but may produce more growth on neutral to acid types. Well drained and well fed soil is advised. |
Use - As an attractive foliaged climber for sunny positions both on non-house walls and fences. Foliage - 3-6 inch (7.5-15 cm) long 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) wide oblong ovate leaves with pronounced veins and toothed edges; tips start white and age to pink, contrasting with dark green remainder, some yellow autumn colour. Stem - Slender, deep mahogany brown. Not normally self clinging. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Oval, yellow, 1 inch 92.5 cm) long, sweet and edible but not normally used for culinary or dessert purposes. |
Pruning - Normally requires none other than cutting in early spring to keep within bounds. Training - Tie main vines to wires against walls and fences as required. Height/spread Problems - Can, on very dry soils, lose its leaves prematurely in late summer. Attractive to cats which claw the vines, causing damage. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees centigrade). |
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Akebia quinata is Chocolate vine |
Pendent racemes 3-5 inches (7.5-12.5 cm) long of male flowers up to 0.25 inches (5mm) wide, pale purple in colour. Fragrant. Chocolate-purple female flowers, usually in pairs and 1-1.25 inches (2.5-3 cm). Needs some protection in exposed aspects. From light shade to full sun, but needs protection from strong, midday summer sun. |
Mar-May
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After 10 years - 216 x 216 (550 x 550) |
Light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D to E Tolerates most soil conditions except waterlogged. Good on alkaline types. |
Use - For growing up through other shrubs or small trees or against non-house walls and fences giving a display of unusual fruit, or in a conservatory or greenhouse. Foliage - 5 leaflets carried on a single stalk up to 3-5 inches 97.5-12 cm) long; each leaflet oblong to oval in shape, 1.5-3 inches (4-7.5 cm) long with short 1.5 inch (4 cm) stalk,; light to mid green giving good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green to grey green, loosely twining, wiry in nature. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Attractive sausage-shaped grey/violet fruit, 2.5-3.5 inches (6-9 cm) long, splitting lengthwise when ripe. Produced in early autumn. |
Pruning - Allow to grow free; every 5 or 6 years lightly trim in early spring with hedging shears. Training - Leave to ramble over wires on walls and fences, or over shrubs and trees. Height/spread Problems - A little unruly in its habit. Flowers and fruit may be hidden both by its own foliage and that of the host it is climbing in. |
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Ampelopsis breviped-unculata is Porcelain Berry, Amur Peppervine |
Yellow. Flowers on new growth, so this vine may be cut to the ground in late winter (optional) to control growth. Does well in all aspects. Light shade to full sun. |
Jun-Aug It is a major invasive plant species in parts of the Eastern United States. It is invasive in urban settings as well as in more pastoral settings. Porcelain berry is often found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, old fields, and floodplains where sunlight is abundant. Birds consume the seeds of porcelain berry and act as a vector to transport it. |
After 10 years - 156 x 156 (400 x 400) |
Deep Green It is one on the list of Current Research Organisms for Control in New Zealand |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Dislikes extremely wet, dry or poor cinditions. Does well on both acid or alkaline soil types. |
Use - Attractive autumn foliage climber to cover non-house walls, fences and pergolas; when used on the latter makes a good shade cover. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Three or five-lobed broadly ovate leaves, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long. Coarse texture. Downy undersides with pronounced veins often purple red in colour. Good yellow/orange autumn colour. Stem - Light to green/brown, becoming darker, twining in habit, may be self-clinging on old brick walls. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Bright blue, grape-like in shape, 0.25-0.5 inches (5mm-1cm) wide. May require warm summers to fruit well. |
Pruning - Not normally required other than that needed for shaping, although in confined spaces can be cut hard back in spring without ill effect. Training - Tie young shoots to wires or wall fixings, normally becomes self-entwining and clinging on walls and fences or over pergolas. Height/spread Problems - Can become invasive in good conditions. In too deep shade can become open and lax in habit. In wet autumns may fail to produce good autumn colour. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
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Ampelopsis breviped-unculata 'Elegans' |
Small clusters of creamy white inconspicuous flowers. May in hot summers produce 0.375 inch (2 mm) wide clear blue berries with black spots. Requires a sheltered aspect. Light shade for preference, will tolerate full sun if adequate moisture is available; if not, scorching may be a problem. |
Jun-Jul |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid, requiring a high degree of organic content with good moisture retaining qualities. |
Use - As an attractive coloured foliage deciduous climber for sheltered non-house walls and fences or under protection in greenhouses or conservatories. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Hand-shaped leaves with some lobed indentations on outer edges varying in size from 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long; some with toothed edges. Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. Stem - Attractive, pink to red when young becoming green to green/brown with age, not sel-clinging but twining, interlacing itself around a support. Slow to medium growth rate Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Prune back all side shoots produced last year to within 2 buds of origin except shoots which are required for training the main framework, so encouraging a high production of good new pink foliage. Training - Allow to ramble over wires and secure as required, or allow to scramble through an uninteresting shrub both in the open or under protection. Height/spread Problems - Foliage scorching may be caused by late frosts and strong midday summer sun. Can be attacked by mildew in mid to late summer. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade). |
Ampelopsis megalophylla (Giant Pepper Vine) is hardy to -5 degrees Centigrade. Large, vigorous climber with huge deeply cut leaves to 2ft across and small green flowers followed by clusters of green, ripening to purple berries in autumn. The leaves turn red in autumn adding to the season of interest. Looks spectacular growing over a large pergola. Best for medium to large gardens. For part shade in moisture retentive soil. Deciduous. Prune side shoots back to 2-3 buds in when dormant. |
Berberidopsis corallina is Coral plant |
Crimson, 0.6 inches (4 mm) long, globe-shaped, hanging in racemes and contrasting Very sheltered aspect. Best in light shade but will tolerate degrees either side. Does well under the protection of greenhouses or con-servatories. |
Jun-Sep |
After 10 years - 120 x 72 (300 x 180) |
Mid green with some orange/red shading towards autumn. |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs with least protruding growth when fan-trained Cl E Neutral to acid, may tolerate very limited amounts of alkalinity. High degree of organic matter required in soil to retain moisture for good growth. |
Use - As a small climbing evergreen shrub for sheltered walls and fences. Foliage - Evergreen, oblong, up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) in length, 1.5 inches (4cm) wide. Tooth-edged, mid green with some orange/red shading towards autumn. Stem - Not self-clinging. Light green to green/brown, sprawling and spreading. Slow to medium rate of growth. Fruit - May produce 0.25 inch (5 mm) round, red berries following hot summers, in late summer/early autumn. |
Pruning - Not normally required. Training - Allow to ramble through wires or other support. Individual branches may be supported and tied. Height/spread Problems - Its hardiness is suspect and it may be difficult to obtain but it is worth the effort. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade) but requires protection from cold winter winds. May be best in a greenhouse or conservatory. |
About Far Reaches Farm:-
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Billardiera longiflora (Drymophila cyanocarpa) is Climbing Blueberry, Purple appleberry |
Yellow/green turning purple, borne singly over the total area of climber in mid summer. Requires a very sheltered aspect. Prefers light shade but will tolerate degrees either side. |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Light Green |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs with least protruding growth when fan-trained Cl E Neutral to acid although may tolerate small degrees of alkalinity. Requires a high organic content for best results. Mulch well with composted manure or compost. |
Use - As an attractive evergreen climber for sheltered walls and fences outside or for use under protection in greenhouse or conservatory in exposed, cold areas where frost occurs. Foliage - Hanging, narrow, lance-shaped light-green leaves, 1.75 inches (4.5 cm) long and 0.5 inches (1 cm) wide, leathery exterior; may be sparsely presented. Stem - Light green turning finally to green/brown, twining not self-clinging. Medium rate of growth. Fruit - Attractive and interesting oval-shaped, blue, 1 inch (2.5 cms) long fruits in mid autumn. |
Pruning - Trim lightly in spring. Training - Allow to grow over wires or up some type of framework. Height/spread Problems - Not fully hardy. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Centigrade). |
Billardiera longiflora 'Cherry Berry'. Creamy-white flowers followed by large red berries. Billardiera longiflora 'Fructo Albo'. White fruits. |
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Bupleurum fruticosum is Shrubby hare's ear |
Bell-shaped clusters of green/cream to yellow/green flowers from mid summer to early autumn. All but the most exposed walls. Best in full sun. Tolerates light shade but becomes looser in habit in deep shade. |
After 10 years - 72 x 72 (180 x 180) |
Dark, glossy, grey/green with silver undersides. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Any well-drained soil conditions.
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Use - As a medium sized, evergreen wall shrub for shady walls with distinctively coloured flowers. Whether positioned as a specimen, massed as a screen or windbreak or utilized as a backdrop for a mixed planting, its quiet, yet handsome persona is sure to please. Foliage - Elliptic, 0.5-2 inch (1-5 cm) long, dark, glossy, grey/green with silver undersides. Stem - Light green to dark olive-green, forming a rounded shrub, somewhat loose in habit. Medium to slow growth rate. Fruit - Brown seedheads, interesting in winter. |
Pruning - None required. May be trimmed or cut back to maintain shape. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Not easy to find. Established shrubs withstand winter temperatures down to 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade), but young plants are less hardy. Good in exposed coastal sites. Can be clipped to becoming a hedge. |
Choose a sunny, open position for this medium-sized shrub so it can glow and shimmer. Use it as a backdrop for brightly hued late-summer performers. Avoid pale pinks, they will make the lime-yellow flowers look insipid. B. fruticosum also makes a good shrub on a south-facing wall. |
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Chaenomeles is Quince
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Single flowers shaped and sized like apple blossom borne in profusion on wood 2 years old or more, Early to mid spring. Colours range through white, pink, apricot, flame, orange and red, depending on variety. Tolerates all aspects. Does well in full sun to deep shade. |
Mar-May |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Light to dark green. Some yellow autumn colour. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Does well on any soil but liable to chlorosis in very alkaline areas. |
Use- As a fan-trained deciduous shrub for walls and fences, as well as a spiny hedge barrier. Foliage - Leaves elliptic, medium-sized, 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) long, light to dark green. Some yellow autumn colour. Stem - Upright when young and light green/brown, becoming dark brown, more twiggy and producing isolated large rigid thorns. Medium rate of growth. Fruit - Large, pear-shaped fruits follow the flowers, ripening to an attractive bright yellow. |
Pruning - Apart from growth required for fan shape, remove all previous season's growth back to 2 buds in spring before flowering, making sure that flowering buds are not removed. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Intermittently produces very sharp thorns. May suffer fungus disease such as canker; prune out affected wood. Good companions |
Chaenomeles x californica 'Enchantress'. A compact, profuse bloomer producing striking salmon-pink flowers with golden anthers in spring. Chaenomeles cathayensis. salmon-pink flushed white flowers in April which are followed by the largest fruit - highly sought after for making jellies and jams, especially good cooked with apples in pies. Chaenomeles japonica (Maule's Quince or Japanese Quince) is native to Japan. Orange/red flowers, which attract bees and bumblebees. Birds eat fruit and use dense branches as protection and nest sites. Chaenomeles japonica 'Alpina'. Orange/red flowers borne freel, late spring. A little shy to fruit due to its less vigorous habit. Chaenomeles japonica 'Issai Red'. Small red flowers in abundance. Chaenomeles japonica 'Issai White'. Many small white flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Atrococcinea'. Large, deep crimson flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Brilliant'. Large brilliant red to clear scarlet flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Cardinalis'. Crimson-scarlet flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Eximia'. Upright deep brick-red flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa Chaenomeles speciosa Moerloosei' (Apple Blossom). Pink and white flowers, more sparsely produced than some forms. Chaenomeles speciosa Chaenomeles speciosa 'Rosea Plena'. Double rich rose-pink flowers. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Simonii' . Deep blood red flowers freely produced. Low growing. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow'. Snow-white flowers. A good variety. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Umbilicata'. Deep pink flowers, larger than most. Chaenomeles speciosa 'Verbooms Vermilion'. Upright growing, bright red flowers. Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba 'Chosan'. Semi-double, peach/apricot flowers; low-growing. Chaenomeles x superba 'Coral Sea'. Coral-pink good sized flowers and good fruits. Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba 'ernest Finken'. Upright brilliant red flowers. Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba 'Hever Castle'. Shrimp pink flowers. Chaenomeles x superba 'Knap Hill Scarlet'. Smaller, brilliant orange/scarlet flowers, freely borne. Height slightly less than average. Chaenomeles x superba 'Hollandia'. An excellent scarlet/red flowering variety with good fruits. Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba 'Port Elliot'. Large red flowers, good growth. Chaenomeles x superba 'Ohld'. Large red flowers of good stature. Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba Chaenomeles x superba There are many varieties of Chaenomeles speciosa and Chaenomeles x superba. Those listed above are a good representative selection. |
Clematis alpina |
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Clematis armandii |
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Clematis campaniflora |
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Clematis cirhosa |
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Clematis (Double and Semi-Double Forms) |
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Clematis x durandii |
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Clematis x eriostemon |
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Clematis flammula |
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Clematis florida 'Bicolor' |
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Clematis x jouiniana praecox |
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Clematis (Large-Flowered Hybrids) |
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Clematis Mscropetala |
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Clematis rehderiana |
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Clematis texensis |
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Clematis viticella |
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Cobaea scandens |
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Cotoneaster horizontalis |
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Decumaria barbara |
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Eccremocarpus scaber |
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Euonymus fortunei |
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Hedera canariensis |
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Hedera colchica |
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Hedera helix |
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Hedera helix angularis 'Aurea' |
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Hedera helix 'Buttercup' |
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Hedera helix 'Cristata' |
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Hedera helix 'Glacier' |
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Hedera helix 'Gold Heart' |
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Hedera helix 'Luzii' |
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Hedera helix sagittifolia |
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Jasminum x stephanense |
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Mahonia fremontii |
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Parthenocissus henryana |
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Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
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Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Vetchii' |
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Ribes laurifolium |
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Ribes speciosum |
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Rubus tricolor |
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Schizophragma hydrangeoides |
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Thunbergia alata |
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Tropaeolum majus |
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Tropaeolum peregrinum |
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Tropaeolum speciosum |
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Tropaeolum tuberosum |
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Trachelo-spermum asiaticum |
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Trachelo-spermum jasminoides |
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Wattaka-ka sinensis |
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"Many other climbers and wall shrubs may perform well with this type of cultivation but those listed above are the most reliable." from The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Annual for ----------------
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
Shape of |
Shape of |
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Shape of |
Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Use in |
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Shape of |
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Shape of |
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Use in Bedding Out |
Use in |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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1b. |
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Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elaborated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
|
Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
|
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
||
Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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. |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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. |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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