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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennial Flower Shape Gallery: |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE AND OTHER DETAILS- |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elabor-ated |
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Natural Arrange-ments |
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Herbaceous Perennial Name Index The respective flower colour and thumbnail, months of flowering, form, height and width, foliage colour and thumbnail, use and comments are in the relevant index page Evergreen Perennial Name Index |
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UK Peony Index :- |
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Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant. |
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Rock |
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Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3 |
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Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. |
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Herbaceous Perennial Form |
Prostrate or Trailing |
Cushion or Mound-forming |
Spreading or Creeping |
Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves |
Erect or Upright |
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Herbaceous Perennial Use |
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Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden |
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Herbaceous Perennial in Soil |
Clay + |
Peat + |
Any + |
+ Herbac-eous Perennials in Pages in Plants |
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Peony Use |
HERBACEOUS AND ALPINE PERENNIAL WITH ITS |
FOLIAGE COLOUR |
SEED/FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
Starting with the data in Garden Style followed by Infill Plants, then you can refine your plant list from the remaining galleries in this cell:- |
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PERENNIAL |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL Gallery with 7 Flower Colours (Red, Pink and Purple on same page) per Month in Colour Wheel. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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To compare As from March 2020, this HERB-PERENN gallery also compares the Herbaceous Perennials from the MIXED BORDER DESIGN Topic. |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL INDEX -
The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are at the bottom of the page on Alpine - Sink and Trough Gardens. |
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with 7 Flower Colours - Blue, White, Yellow, Green for Unusual, Red, Orange and Pink per Month in Colour Wheel below. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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The Herbaceous Perennials in this gallery are not compared with other Herbaceous Perennials in the HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GALLERY, but they are compared with each other in the Mixed Border Garden Design Gallery using the above 7 Flower Colours per month Wheel. FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF RHS WISLEY MIXED BORDER DURING After reviewing the situation in the |
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Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
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Brown = |
Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
Black = |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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Flowering Months range abbreviates month Click on centre of thumbnail to move from this page to the The Comments Row of that Plant Description |
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Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennials and Alpine Herbaceous Perennials Gallery: |
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Herbaceous Perennial |
Flower Colour |
Flower Thumb-nail |
Flowering Months with Flower Shape details |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms Seed Head Thumbnail |
Foliage Colour |
Comments |
Herbaceous Perennial |
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Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen or Semi-Evergreen Perennial |
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White flowers with Purple bracts |
Mound-forming Form Hood shaped flower on a Flower Spike. |
48-60 x 24 |
Arching shiny Dark Green leaves 24 inches long and 3-12 inches wide; they have jagged teeth which are tipped with fiercely sharp white spines that are painful to touch. |
Dislikes being wet in the winter. Companions are Large grasses, Geranium psilostemon, Iris pseudacorus and Aconitum. |
Excellent in a herbaceous border. Useful as a robust ground cover or for adding dramatic accents to a large border. Useful as a low boundary hedge. |
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Apple-blossom Pink |
June, July, August, Erect Form Dense, flat-topped, terminal flower clusters in plates. |
36 x 24 |
Dark Green fern-like |
Dense, flat-topped, terminal flower clusters in plates. The long summer bloom period may be prolonged by prompt removal of faded flower heads. Does poorly in wet sites or in heavy, poorly drained soils. Companions are Asiatic lilies, Eryngium, Salvia, Ornamental Grasses, Rudbeckia, Phlox, Phygelius, Dahlia and Hemerocallis. |
Good cut flower and dried flower. Excellent for massing in the perennial border, wild garden or meadow. |
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Creamy-Yellow |
Erect Form Plates of Creamy-Yellow fading to Cream with age flowers on long sturdy stems |
48 x 18 |
Feathery Dark Green |
Same companions as above |
Good cut flower and dried flower. Excellent for massing in the perennial border, wild garden or meadow. |
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Brick Red |
Erect Form Dome of Brick Red with Bright Yellow centres flowers |
36 x 18 |
Finely dissected feathery Dark Green |
Same companions as above |
Good cut flower and dried flower. Excellent for massing in the perennial border, wild garden or meadow. Tolerant of Coastal conditions. |
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Golden-Yellow |
Erect Form Plate of Bright Golden-Yellow flowers |
48 x 24 |
Finely dissected feathery soft Green and fragrant |
Same companions as above |
This plant is one of the largest varieties with huge, flat heads of bright golden yellow flowers. It is quite tall growing, reaching about 120cm (4ft) and will make an impressive stand in the border. |
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Cerise |
Erect Form Plate of Cerise Flowers |
36 x 24 |
Finely dissected feathery Mid-Green |
Usefull with Lavandula 'Hidcote' under pink roses. |
Achillea millefolium is one of the most resilient plants we have found for landscaping. As long as it is placed in full sun, it can survive and grow. It benefits from rich, deep soil and regular irrigation |
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White |
Erect Form Dome of White Pompom flowers |
20 x 15 |
Slightly Grey, not glossy, leathery deep Green |
Companions are Asiatic lilies, Eryngium, Salvia, Ornamental Grasses, Rudbeckia, Phlox, Phygelius, Dahlia and Hemerocallis. |
Good cut flower and dried flower. Usefull with Lavandula 'Hidcote' under pink roses. Thrives in a sunny but well drained spot, and is tolerant of most conditions. |
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Claret |
Erect Form Dome of Deep Claret flowers that fade to |
28 x 18 |
Slightly Grey, not glossy, leathery deep Green |
Same companions as above |
A deserved winner of the RHS Award of Garden Merit, this variety has clusters of sumptuous deep claret flowers on slender stems. |
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Terracotta |
Erect Form Plates of Terra-cotta flowers (that fade to Soft Yellow in Autumn) |
36 x 16 |
Deeply-cut Mid-Green foliage |
Same companions as above. Also, perfect combination with bleached-canvas grasses like Stipa tenuissima and Hordeum jubatum. Also try combinations with Salvia, Kniphofias, Perovskias and the Eryngiums. It blooms repeatedly with upright flower stems and heads that go through several colour changes, eventually becoming pale orange |
Excellent for massing in the perennial border, wild garden or meadow. Good cut flower and dried flower. One of the most popular varieties to be developed in recent years with unusual terracotta coloured flowers. |
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Metallic Blue |
Clump-forming Form |
36-42 x 12 |
Deeply-cut Dark Green |
Japanese Painted Fern (Athyrium nipponicum) and Deer Fern (Blechnum spicant) make good companions, as well as Grasses, Astrantia, Astilbe, Actaea and Eupatorium. Other Companions from Perennial Resource. |
An excellent cut flower, unique for its large, draped sepal. Perfect to use in borders or at the woodland's edge. |
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Pale Yellow |
Erect Form |
16-48 x 12 |
Dark Green, divided as |
Companion plants are Grasses, Astrantia, Astilbe, Actaea and Eupatorium. |
Use in dappled shade of borders or at the woodland's edge. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby species, especially legumes. Rabbit and deer resistant. Attracts butterflies. |
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Violet-Blue |
Erect Form |
42 x 36 |
Dark Green leaves are deeply lobed and divided like the fingers of a hand |
Aconitums prefer partial shade but will tolerate full sun if plenty of moisture is available. Dry soil can stunt growth. The soil should also be amended with compost and peat moss to give it a slight acidity. |
Use at the back-of-the-border with Japanese Anemones (Anemone x hybrida), Bellflowers (Campanula latifolia), Sedum 'Autumn Joy', big ferns and hostas and late-blooming Astilbes. Substitute it in shady places where Delpiniums won't bloom. |
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Dark |
Erect Form |
40 x 80 |
Dark Green |
Roots of aconitum were used to poison wolves. The root has been mistaken for a Horseradish root; do not plant near edibles. Wash your hands after planting or working with aconitum; the entire plant is poisonous. |
Use in an island bed surrounded by lawn in a light woodland clearing on a South-facing slope with Japanese Anemones (Anemone x hybrida), Bellflowers (Campanula latifolia), Sedum 'Autumn Joy', big ferns and hostas and late-blooming Astilbes in the same bed. |
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Fragrant Deep Blue |
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Clump-forming Form |
18 x 30 |
Strap-shaped, wide, |
The African Lily Contrasts well with yellow flowers. Easily combined with Kniphofia, Crocosmia, Phygelius, Potentilla and Iris. Plants were grown in containers in con-servatories and flowered in Europe in the late seventeenth century. |
It is not suitable as a garden plant except in rockeries. They are best grown in containers in a well drained, slightly acid sandy mix and appear happiest if pot bound. They seem to grow best in shallow containers and will flower regularly if fed with a slow release fertiliser. |
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White |
Clump-forming Form |
30 x 18 |
Narrow, strap-shaped |
Compact clumps of strap-shaped leaves above which the white flowers rise as rounded umbels on tall stems. Excellent as cut flowers. Keep well-watered during the growing season, applying a balanced liquid fertiliser each month from spring until the plant flowers. Over-winter container-grown specimens in a sheltered spot. |
White Lily of the Nile is ideal for that hot sunny spot in the garden. They tend to flower better if the roots are slightly restricted, so ideal for growing in pots and bringing inside for the winter months. If growing in the border provide a good winter mulch to protect them, and they do need very well drained soil to stop them rotting. |
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Deep Blue |
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Clump-forming Form |
20 x 18 |
Narrow, strap-shaped |
Keep well-watered during the growing season, applying a balanced liquid fertiliser each month from spring until the plant flowers. Over-winter container-grown specimens in a sheltered spot and keep them and their soil dry. |
Blue Lily of the Nile is excellent as cut flowers. |
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Creamy-White |
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Clump-forming Form |
24 x 24 |
Narrow, strappy, basal dark Grey-Green leaves that are 16 inches (40 cms) long |
See Page 1 Container-loving blooms of Eye-Catching Agapanthus in Canadian Gardening. Click Page 2: Outdoor Growing Tips and Page 3: What To Grow for further details. |
Agapanthus has found a niche in the Canadian landscape as a container plant. |
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Shades of Blue |
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Clump-forming Form |
30 x 24 |
Narrow, strappy, basal dark Grey-Green |
This plant produces large blue flowers, with some variation occurring so you may get light or dark blue flowers. Well worth growing as it always puts on a good show, and is the hardiest of the varieties. |
Spherical, Umbel, Funnel-shaped flowers with shades of Blue flowers in Clump-forming form. |
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Rose |
Erect Form |
72-96 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Companion plants are Consolida |
Grow as annuals or biennials to limit the spread of hollyhock rust in a mixed border. May require staking in exposed sites. |
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Salmon |
Erect Form |
72-96 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Same Companion plants as above. The plants are easily grown from seed, and readily self-seed. However, tender plants, whether young from seed or from old stock, may be wiped out by slugs and snails - See Pest Control in Companion Planting. |
Different colours prefer different soils. The darker red variety seems to favour sandy soils, while the lighter colour seems to favour clay soils. |
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Scarlet |
Erect Form |
72-96 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Same Companion plants as above. |
The plant may flower during its first year when sown early. It will grow in a wide range of soils, and can easily reach a height of about 8 feet (2.4 m). |
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White |
Erect Form |
72-96 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Same Companion plants as above. |
Hollyhocks are the quint-essential cottage garden flower with their drought and heat tolerance. Alcea rosea ‘Chater’s Double’ giving a wonderful mixed colour range of large, fully double flowers are nearly pom-pom in appearance. |
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Yellow |
Erect Form |
72-96 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Same Companion plants as above. |
The dramatic, flowers of this variety work equally well in a contemp-orary, minimalist garden. |
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Deep Chocolate Maroon |
Erect Form |
72 x 24 |
Rounded, roughly hairy, Light Green, 1.5 inches long, cut into 3-7 shallow lobes |
Same Companion plants as above. |
They are perfect to fill large areas or the back of a flowerbed and the flowers are highly attractive to butterflies and bees. |
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Yellow-Green |
Mat-forming |
4 x 20 |
Deep Green - |
The main collection of Alchemilla can be found close to the Limestone Rock Garden at the western end of the Main Lawn. They are at their best in late spring from mid-April through to June as the fresh green foliage unfolds and water droplets collect on the foliage." from Botanic Garden of Cambridge University. |
One of the things that make Alchemilla so interesting to plant scientists is that many are able to produce seed without the need for fertilisation of the flowers; this is known as apomixis. There are very few plants that are like this. It means that the seeds are genetically identical to the parent plant. This is useful on a practical level for gardeners because any seedlings that arise in the garden will be exactly the same as the parent. |
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Yellow-Green |
Mat-forming |
16 x 12 |
Deep Green - |
Works well with most blue, purple, red, burgundy and red-violet flowers. Use with Grasses, White Foxgloves, Golden Marjoram, Geranium, Campanula, Dark Red Astilbe, 'Magic Carpet' Spiraea or use as groundcover under Roses. |
It has been cultivated in Britain as a rockery plant since c. 1800. |
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Greenish- |
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24 x 230 |
Apple-Green, fan-shaped leaves, up to 3 inches in diameter, 9-11-lobed with short incisions, densely hairy |
Alchemillas are one of our most familiar garden plants through the widespread cultivation of Alchemilla mollis, Lady’s Mantle, a stalwart of herbaceous borders and cottage gardens, the froth and foam of its acid green flowers acting as an elegant foil to almost anything it surrounds. The genus Alchemilla is however much more diverse comprising over 300 species of clump-forming, herbaceous perennials with kidney-shaped, lobed leaves and greenish-yellow flowers. |
The plant is often grown as a ground cover, and is especially valued for the leaves in wet weather, as the water beads and sparkles on the leaves. |
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Bright |
Clump-forming Form |
36 x 24 |
Long, coarse, narrowly elliptical dark Green leaves covered with stiff hairs |
The flowers are attractive to bees. Companion plants are Papaver orientale, orange Geums, blue Siberian Iris and Euphorbia griffithii 'Fireglow' alongside as an eye-popping combination |
Anchusa are great plants for the herbaceous border, providing sprays of small vivid blue flowers in early summer. These are drought-tolerant, so are perfect for a hot dry spot, and look fantastic planted in groups. |
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Pale Pink |
August, September , |
36 x 24 |
Deep-Green |
Japanese anemones mix well with many vibrant autumn flowers, including Aster 'Little Carlow' and A. laevis 'Calliope'. |
These plants thrive best in shady areas and under protection of larger plants, and in all but the hottest and the driest conditions in the United States. They are especially sensitive to drought or overwatering. |
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Pink or |
July, August Erect or Upright Form |
24 x 16 |
Dark Green |
Try rich red and purple hardy fuchsias, such as 'Mrs Popple' and 'Brutus'. Hydrangeas work well in a simple planting scheme and the long-flowering, blue Geranium Rozanne is wonderful partner to both pink and white forms. |
Can be invasive. |
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Pink |
July, August Erect or Upright Form |
36 x 18 |
Dark Green |
Japanese anemones mix well with many vibrant autumn flowers, including Aster 'Little Carlow' and A. laevis 'Calliope'. |
Support with pea-sticks or contain with shrubs. |
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White |
July, August Erect or Upright Form |
25 x 16 |
Dark Green |
Try rich red and purple hardy fuchsias, such as 'Mrs Popple' and 'Brutus'. Hydrangeas work well in a simple planting scheme and the long-flowering, blue Geranium Rozanne is wonderful partner to both pink and white forms. |
Japanese Anemone can be invasive or weedy in some areas, throwing out suckers from the fibrous rootstock, to rapidly colonise an area. Once established they can be extremely difficult to eradicate. On the other hand, they can take some time to become established. |
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White, flushed with Pink |
May, June |
16 x 18 |
Mid-green leaves palmately |
The cool whites look very handsome with lots of green foliage and all can be combined with spring bulbs because the leaves emerge late. For spring-flowering Anemones - bulbs, aquilegia, dicentra, helleborus, omphalodes, ranunculus ficaria, trillium and primula. |
A clump-forming native plant from mountain meadows and scrub, usually on limestone, in Central Europe, Southern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Siberia and North Western America, which is generally too large for the alpine house. Ideal for the scree slope. |
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White, Blue on Reverse |
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May, June Clump-forming Form |
30 x 12 |
Dark Green |
Associates well with Spring flowering bulbs, Aquilegia, Dicentra, Helleborus, Omphalodes, Ranunculus ficaria, Trillium and Primula. |
Riverside Windflower is a summer flowering plant, which is dormant in the autumn. It grows at forest margins, on grassy slopes, along streams, or by lakes. |
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White, |
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June, July, August, September , October Erect Form |
36 x 12 |
Glossy deep Green |
Use with Atriplex hortensis var. rubra, Cosmos bipinnatus 'Sonata White', Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple', Ricinus communis 'Carmencita' and Verbena rigida. |
Use as bedding annual. Some Cultivars are native UK plants. Bumble-bees adore them! Plants are often grown as an annual since they usually degenerate in their second year. They often self sow when well-sited. |
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Blue |
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Erect or Upright Form |
28 x 16 |
Dark Green |
Use with Ornamental Grasses, Old-style Roses, Japanese Anemones, Phlox paniculata, Sedum, Fennel, Solidago, Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, Monarda, Aconitum, Late-flowering Kniphofias, Hardy Fuchsias and Salvia. Asters look best in large groups. |
They are a fine choice for mixed borders or cutting gardens, and their lovely flowers are highly attractive to bees and butterflies. |
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Purple-Red |
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Clump-forming Form |
12 x 12 |
Lance-shaped, |
Use with Ornamental Grasses, Old-style Roses, Japanese Anemones, Phlox paniculata, Sedum, Fennel, Solidago, Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, Monarda, Aconitum, Late-flowering Kniphofias, Hardy Fuchsias and Salvia. Asters look best in large groups. |
Michaelmas Daisies are some of the very best plants to inject fresh colour in to the garden in late summer and autumn, and come in a range of heights to suit every situation. Its small size is ideal for the front of a border or a container. Excellent cut flowers. |
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White to |
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Clump-forming Form |
30 x 18 |
Glossy, bright, dense, fernlike, Green leaves |
Use with Pulmonaria, Helleborus, Epimedium, Ferns, Polygonatum and Japanese Iris. |
Astilbes grow in damp, grassy places and open woods in East Asia and eastern North America. |
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Rosy-Purple |
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Clump-forming Form |
8-12 x 10 |
Neat mound of often |
Interplant with Hostas for the effect of horizontal Hosta leaves with vertical Astilbe flower plumes. |
Astilbes are particularly effective in groups. |
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Fragrant |
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Clump-forming Form |
20-24 x 12 |
Glossy, Dark Green leaf |
Plant astilbes with hostas and border phlox, which both like the same damp, shady conditions |
If you can provide rich moist soil, then Astilbes are one of the finest summer border plants. In addition to beautiful fern-like foliage, the long fluffy plumes of flowers don’t need staking and remain as seed-heads throughout the winter. Full sun or part shade, but don’t let them dry out over the summer. |
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Crimson-Red |
Clump-forming Form |
24 x 18 |
Glossy, deeply toothed, |
Showy perennial for beautiful summer color in shady areas. Tall, feathery blooms of deep garnet red valued for light, airy quality, rise above bronze-green foliage. Great in massed plantings |
The most popular and best landscape red-flowered astilbe. Best for red foliage and RHS Award. Seriously damaged by late spring frosts. |
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Purplish-Red |
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Clump-forming Form |
39 x 24 |
Glossy, wide, bright Green leaves about 14 inches long |
Welcome to our Gardens by the Bay. This is the place to find perfect companions for all your bulbs, perennials and ornamental grasses. |
Intense spikes of salmon-red flowers which are set off to perfection by the mahogany-coloured foliage. |
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Reddish-Purple |
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Clump-forming Form |
48 x 24 |
Shiny, Dark Bronze and ferny foliage |
Shiny, Dark Bronze and ferny foliage. Rich Reddish-Purple flowers in narrow columnar plumes |
The long fluffy plumes of flowers don’t need staking and remain as seed-heads throughout the winter. Full sun or part shade, but don’t let them dry out over the summer. Taller plant than most astilbes. |
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Pink |
Clump-forming Form |
18-24 x 18 (45-60 x 45) |
Much-divided, dense, fernlike, Mid-Green |
Astilbe japonica grows among damp rocks in mountain ravines in southern Japan and this plant is a hybrid with a RHS Award. Seriously damaged by late spring frosts. |
Showy perennial for beautiful summer color in shady areas. Tall, feathery blooms of clear pink rise above much-divided, dense, fernlike, Mid-Green foliage, adding a light, airy quality. Forms a graceful border, great in massed plantings |
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Pale Pink |
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Clump-forming Form |
24 x 18 |
Glossy, deeply divided |
This plant has soft pink flowers, and deeply divided, fernlike foliage. A plant with a very soft look. |
Astilbe are a popular choice for shady gardens, where they perform well if given a rich, moist soil and regular watering. Also thrives in tubs, or mixed containers. Excellent for cutting. Seed heads may be removed, or left on the plant for winter interest. |
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Pale Pink |
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Clump-forming Form |
8-18 x 12 |
Neat mound of glossy, deeply toothed, dark Green tinged Red foliage |
Neat mound of glossy, deeply toothed, dark Green tinged Red foliage. Pale Pink flowers in loose conical plumes, which can remain as seed-heads throughout the winter. |
An Astilbe simplicifolia hybrid which is happy in woodland conditions having come from mountain woods in southern Japan. |
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White with Pink streaks |
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Clump-forming Form |
24 x 18 |
Palmately lobed, |
Use with Lilium martagon, Iris siberica, Milium effuseum 'Aureum, Hosta, Pulmonaria, Chaero-phyllum, Pimpinella, Campanula, Phlox paniculata, Adenophora and Geranium. |
Astrantia is a favourite with flower-arrangers, these plants will form dense clumps in rich, moisture retentive soils. Flowers up to 3cm (1”) across are held above toothed mid-green leaves. |
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Plate of Umbel-shaped, Bright Mustard-Yellow |
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Erect Form |
96 x 40 |
Light Green, finely-cut, ferny |
Looks good with |
Drought tolerant and hardy, they are excellent for use in dried flower-arrang-ements. Attracts bees. Try it in a sunny spot at the back of a herbaceous border, or among grasses, but be sure to stake it, as it tends to flop over in wet weather. It makes an excellent cut flower. |
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Achillea filipend-ulina |
Plate of Bright Golden-Yellow |
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Erect Form |
48 x 24 |
Finely dissected feathery soft Green. The foliage is often quite aromatic when crushed. |
Companions with Asiatic lilies, Eryngium, Salvia, Ornamental Grasses, Rudbeckia, Phlox, Phygelius, Dahlia and Hemerocallis. |
Good cut flower and dried flower. Makes an impressive stand in the border. Tolerant of Coastal conditions. |
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Dome of Cup-shaped, Golden-Yellow, 5 Petal flowers. |
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Erect Form |
40-60 x 20-40 (100-150 x 50-100) |
Deeply-dissected, fern-like, aromatic when crushed, grayish-green to green |
It also works well in wildlife gardens, attracting butterflies and bees, and is generally avoided by deer and rabbits. |
Excellent groundcover. Hoverflies in particular seem to thrive on the flowers. |
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Dome of Cup-shaped, Creamy-White, 5 Petal flowers. |
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June, July, Erect Form |
60 x 40 |
Broad Gray-Green ferny foliage. |
In the wild in Turkey is a woodland plant. |
Excellent at back of herbaceous border. |
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So, What is a Perennial? "A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term (per- + -ennial, "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials.
So what is a Herbaceous Perennial?
I am using the contents from "Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials". She does actually use some annuals and perhaps biennials. Hopefully she is only using Herbaceous Perennials (with no persistent woody stems above ground), Evergreen Perennials, subshrubs, ferns, bulbs, annuals and grasses. Perhaps she may have left out trees and shrubs. |
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Site design and content of this table copyright ©July 2009. Site design and content for Mixed Border Herbaceous Gallery copyright ©March 2013. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennials and Alpine Herbaceous Perennials Gallery: The following perennial plants (which are not Shrubs or Trees) detailed in these books are in the relevant page of Plants Topic:-
If I find, that I have further details like photos of these extra plants from my other Website Folders, then I will insert that information (16 March 2021).
Sun Aspect:-
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Herbaceous Perennial -
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Flower Colour |
Flower Thumb-nail |
Flowering Months with Flower Shape details |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms Seed Head Thumbnail |
Foliage Colour |
Comments |
Herbaceous Perennial |
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Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen |
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Acanthus mollis |
White with Purple bracts. |
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Aug-Sep Tubular, 2-lipped flowers in racemes 36 inches (90 cms) long. |
60 x 36 |
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Bear's breeches. Herbaceous perennial on Light Sand and Chalk, alkaline and Moist Soil, in Sun or Part Shade |
Cut Flower |
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Jun-Jul Erect Star-shaped |
8 x 4 |
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Golden Garlic, Lily leek. Bulb on any well-drained moist alkaline Soil (Chalk and Light Sand) in Sun or Part Shade |
Bulb |
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Anemone apennina |
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8 x 12 |
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Herbaceous Rhizome on Chalk, alkaline Soil |
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Anemone blanda 'Atro-caerulea' |
Deep Blue |
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6 x 6 |
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Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade or Full Shade |
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Anemone blanda 'Radar' |
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6 x 6 |
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Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade or Full Shade |
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Anemone blanda |
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6 x 6 |
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Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade or Full Shade |
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Anemone coronaria |
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6 x 6 |
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Florist's Anemone, Wind Poppy, Wind-flower. Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun or Part Shade |
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White |
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4 x 12 |
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Wind-flower, Wood Anemone. Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Dappled Sun |
Found growing in woodlands. A good bee and bumblebee plant as well as being native to Europe including Britain. |
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Anemone ranunc-uloides |
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2 x 18 |
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Buttercup Anemone. Herbaceous Rhizome on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade or Full Shade |
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Anemone sylvestris |
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18 x 18 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade |
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Anthemis sancti-johannis |
Golden-yellow to Orange |
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24 x |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun |
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Anthemis tinctoria |
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30 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun |
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Anthemis tinctoria |
Lemon-Yellow |
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30 x |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun |
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Aquilegia alpina |
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18 x 18 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade |
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Aquilegia chrysantha |
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36 x 24 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade |
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Aquilegia 'Crimson Star' |
Cream |
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18 x 18 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun or Part Shade |
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Aquilegia vulgaris 'Nora Barlow' |
Green, White and Pink |
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24 x 20 |
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Herbaceous Perennial on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Sun or Part Shade |
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Arum italicum 'Marmo-ratum' |
Pale Green Spathe with cream spadix |
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12 x 6 |
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Herbaceous Tuber on Chalk, alkaline Soil in Part Shade or Full Shade |
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Allium caeruleum |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. See Allium Anemone Gallery for other Alliums |
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Allium carinatum subsp pulchellum |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. See Allium Anemone Gallery for other Alliums |
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Purple, metallic blue |
Jun-Jul |
24 x 8 |
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Bulb on Chalk Soil. See Allium Anemone Gallery for other Alliums |
The faded flowerheads hold up well in the border and are useful for dried flower arrangements. |
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White |
Apr-Jun |
24 x 4 |
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Bulb on Chalk Soil. See Allium Anemone Gallery for other Alliums |
Use flowers as edible parts of a salad. It lasts for 3 weeks as a cut-flower. |
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Yellow |
Jun-Aug |
14 x 2 |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. Best planted in clusters or allowed to self-seed, it does of its best in an open, sunny position in well-drained soil. |
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Allium hollandicum 'Purple Sensation' |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. |
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White with a hint of Rose |
May-Jun |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. A very useful allium, its large glaucous foliage makes for excellent, well behaved groundcover. Silvery-white flower spikes grow up some 20cm. (8"). Deserves to be used more often. |
Its large glaucous foliage makes for excellent, well behaved groundcover |
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Deep Blue |
Apr-May |
6 x 6 |
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Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. |
Companion plants from the Department of Horticultural Science of NC State University for Anemone blanda and its cultivars |
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Wisteria Blue |
Apr-May |
The foliage is dark green tinged with purple. The foliage tends to die down in the summer, ready to re-emerge the next spring. |
Bulb on Chalk, alkaline Soil. |
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Anthericum liliago var. major |
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St Bernard's Lily. |
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Acanthus mollis |
White with Purple bracts |
Aug-Sep |
60 x 36 |
Moist |
Bear's Breeches, |
Speciman, lasts 2 weeks in a cut flower arrangement, with attractive foliage |
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White with Purple bracts |
Jun-Aug |
60 x 4 |
Dark Green arching, shiny leaves Moist |
Any deep, rich soil in Full Sun |
Long-lasting in cut-flower arrangements, bold speciman. For best contrast they need grey, hairy leaves next to them. |
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Achillea clypeolata 'Coronation Gold' |
Gold flowers in plates shape |
May-Aug |
36 x 18 Spacing 24 |
Any moist, well-drained soil in Full Sun |
All Achilleas can be used as Cut flower. Attracts bees and butterflies. Contrast horizontal plates with vertical spires of verbascum hybrid. |
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Aconitum anthora |
Pale Yellow |
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Jul-Sep |
24 x 12 |
Dark Green Moist |
Yellow Monkshood, Healing Wolf's-bane. Any well-drained soil in Full Sun or Dappled Shade |
All Aconitums can be used for flower arranging, are poisonous and used at woodland's edge. |
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Aconitum napellus |
Mid Blue |
Jul-Aug |
60 x 12 |
Moist |
Aconite Monkshood will grow in any well-drained soil in Part Shade |
Cut flower, Rabbit-resistant, excellent plant for bumblebees, poisonous, grow in rough grass or in flowery meadow. |
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Violet |
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Jun-Aug |
36 x 12 |
Moist |
Monkshood. Any well-drained soil in Part Shade |
Rabbit-resistant, use in mixed plants in container. Poisonous to humans, cattle and goats. |
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Blue |
Jul-Oct |
36 x 18 |
Moist |
Lily-of-the-Nile, Bell African Lily grows on any lime-free or sandy soil in full sun |
Plant in pots for summer display and move indoors during the winter. Attracts bees. Cut Flower |
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White |
Jun-Sep |
36 x 18 |
Mid Green striped white |
White Bell African Lily grows on any soil in full sun |
Cut Flower lasts well. Excellent in containers. This white flowered variety goes wth silver artemisias |
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Rich blue, fading to reddish-mauve |
Jul-Aug |
36 x 24 |
Dark Green Moist |
African Lily grows on any, lime-free or sandy soil in full sun |
Blue flowered varieties are perfect with dark red Dahlias, brown Heleniums, yellow or red Hemerocallis, and all manner of Kniphofias. |
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Agapanthus dyeri (Agapan-thus inapertus subsp. inter-medius) |
Mid to Pale Blue |
Aug-Sep |
36 x 12 |
Mid Green Moist |
Dyer's Agapanthus grows on any soil - grassland and in beteen rocks in mountainous terrain in full sun |
Attracts butterflies, bees and birds. Cut flower |
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All |
Yellow-green |
Jun-Sep |
4 x 20 Spacing |
Deep green, silver-edged, divided leaves |
Alpine Ladies Mantle. Any moist soil in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Grows on mountains in grassy and rocky places. Rock garden, cut flower, rabbit resistant. Works well with most blue, purple, red, burgundy, and red-violet flowers, try it with early dark red astilbe, or for high contrast, plant with 'Magic Carpet' spiraea, which has red-orange new foliage. |
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Alchemilla conjuncta |
Yellow-green in 2 rows of sepals, but it has no petals |
Jun-Aug |
16 x 12 |
Dark Green, silvery beneath |
Grows in any moist soil except boggy ones in Part Shade or Full Sun |
From the Alps it works well with most blue, purple, red, burgundy and red-violet flowers, and as a ground-cover under roses |
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Alchemilla erythro-poda |
Yellowish-green |
Jun-Sep |
10 x 8 |
leaves are water repellent, so can make an umbrella of them!!! |
Dwarf Lady's Mantle grows in any moist soil in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Plant in small niches in rock garden, in small gardens, containers, alpine troughs. Use for cut flowers and is rabbit resistant. |
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Greenish-yellow |
Aug |
20 x 20 Spacing |
Lady's Mantle grows in any moist soil in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Both the flower and foliage invaluable for cutting. Rabbit resistant. Plant in gravel as edging. |
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Althaea armeniaca |
Deep Rose-Pink |
Jul-Sep |
48 x 12 |
Dark Green |
Hollyhock in any moist, deeply worked rich soil in Full Sun. |
Cut flower in Cottage Garden |
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Amsonia illustris |
Light Blue |
May-Jun |
48 x 18 |
Glossy Bright Green |
Any moist well-drained soil in full sun |
From rocky banks, stream sides and prairies in central and southern USA. Use as speciman or in goups, and works well as a late-spring filler plant |
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Anchusa azurea |
Gentian Blue |
May-Jul |
48 x 24 Spacing |
Any moist soil in full sun. |
Companions - lupinus, nepeta; useful as a filler plant. |
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Anemone hupehensis See other Anemones in Allium and Anemone Gallery |
White or Pink |
Jul-Aug |
24 x 16 |
Dark Green in Autumn, Winter and Spring |
Chinese Anemone grows in any moist well-drained soil in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Extremely invasive, so plant in pot and partially embed that in the border. Cottage Garden, Coastal. |
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Anemone japonica See other Anemones in Allium and Anemone Gallery |
White flowers with single to semi-double overl-apping white tepals. No use to bees |
Aug-Oct |
60 x 24 |
Dark Green in Autumn, Winter and Spring |
This grows in any moist soil including chalk in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Since it has no foliage in the summer, summer-flowering bulbs can take its place for that time. |
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See other Anemones in Allium and Anemone Gallery |
White, Blue on reverse |
May-Jun |
30 x 12 |
Dark Green in Autumn, Winter and Spring |
This grows in any moist soil in Part Shade or Full Sun and originates from northern India and southwest China |
Companions - For the edge of a bed anemone rivularis and anemone sylvestris look better if placed between clumps of low-growing, grey-leaved, sun-loving plants such as Alyssum saxatile, Lavender or Sage. |
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Anemone sylvestris See other Anemones in Allium and Anemone Gallery |
May-Jun |
18 x 18 |
Snowdrop Anemone grows in any moist soil in part shade or full sun. |
It repeat blooms in the autumn. Companions - Aster, Rudbeckia, Fuchsia, Hydrangea and Geranium. |
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Honey Bees collect Pollen and Bumble bees pollinate the flowers No HB, ST, LT, SOL |
White, Red, Purple, Yellow |
Jun-Oct |
36 x 12 |
Glossy, deep green |
Snapdragon grows well on old walls, on dry sand in full sun. Bring into frost free greenhouse in autumn-winter since they prefer 15-17 C to encourage growth. |
Use as bedding annual and as filler in newly planted bed. Cut flowers. |
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Aquilegia alpina |
Violet-blue |
18 x 12 |
Bluish-green fern-like foliage |
Alpine Columbine, Breath of God grows in gritty, moist, sharply-drained soil in full sun. |
Good for gravel and rock gardens, in hummingbird garden, as cut flower, in cottage garden and in woodland shady areas. Rabbit and deer resistant. Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies |
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Aquilegia chrysantha |
Yellow with 5 pointed sepals and 5 petals with spurs |
Apr-Sep |
36 x 24 |
Mid Green ferny leaves have 3 leaflets with 3 lobes |
Golden Columbine grows in moist canyon seeps and in any soil such as moist, cool, well-drained deep loam and leaf-mould in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Thrives in shady borders, being a good rebloomer if deadheaded. Attracts bumbees and buterflies |
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Aquilegia 'Crimson Star' |
Red and White |
May-Jul |
18 x 12 |
Grey-green |
It has single flowers and grows in any moist, well-drained, slightly acdic soil. It prefers Part Shade over Full Sun |
Good cut flower, attracts hummingbirds and butterflies, but is ignored by rabbits and deer. Use in cottage gardens, gravel garden, rock garden, pots, shade gardens or naturalized areas in lawns. |
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Aquilegia vulgaris |
Reddish-pink at the base, passing through white to green at the tips |
May-Jul |
24 x 20 |
Grey-green |
Granny's Bonnet groes in any moist, well-draine, rich soil in part shade or full sun. |
It attracts bees. Use for edging, pots and cut flowers. Associate Aquilegias effectively with irises, early-flowering roses, early-flowering cranesbills, hostas and martagon lilies, as well as with purple foliage and umbel-shaped flowerheads such as pink cow parsley. |
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Aster species |
Violet with yellow florets |
May-Jul |
10 x 18 Spacing |
Mid-green, untoothed, lanceolate-spatulate leaves are mostly basal |
Alpine Aster grows in any, well-drained dry soil in Part Shade or Full Sun |
Attractive to butterflies and bees. Use in pots and edging. Rabbit resistant. Looks best in large groups. |
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Aster amellus 'King George' |
Violet-Blue Discs within domes |
18 x 18 |
Mid Green |
Italian Aster grows in any, well-drained, rich, moist soil in FullSun or Part Shade |
Attracts butterflies All asters are Rabbit resistant. Asters are put beside early flowering plants (like Lupins, Delphiniums and Papaver) in order to keep interest in that area once the earlier flowering plant has faded. Ideal for adding late colour to the garden, it mixes well with Rudbeckias, Achilleas and Echinaceas. |
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The above encyclopedias by the Alpine Garden Society describe 1000 genera of all alpine plants in cultivation, as well as many found in the wild but not yet in cultivation. All have rock garden or alpine house potential and the larger plants can be used in herbaceous borders. From page Viii of Volume One:- By general agreement, rock and alpine plants are thought to be small, often with a hummock, mat or tufted habit and often less than 12-15 inches (30-38 cms) tall. However, anyone who has visited a mountain region will know that not all the plants seen there necessarily fit into this handy definition; larger perennials and shrubs may sometimes be seen cheek by jowl with the hummocks and mats. A visit into any large rock garden, such as those of the well known botanic gardens at Kew and Edinburgh reveals a similar mixture and it is this larger concept that is used here. In general 24 inches (60 cms) in height and 39 inches (98 cms) spread has been taken as the maximum, but at the same time some potentially larger plants are included, for example the large yellow gentian found in the Alps and Pyrenees, Gentiana lutea, or the stately giant rhubarb of the Himalaya, Rheum nobile; both large plants but indisputably alpine." The Alpine - Herbaceous Perennials that have Plant Descriptions in this website can be linked to in the Alpine - Herbaceous Perennial Index in each page of this Gallery. |
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Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennials and Alpine Herbaceous Perennials Gallery: The following perennial plants (which are not Shrubs or Trees) detailed in these books are in the relevant page of Plants Topic:-
If I find, that I have further details like photos of these extra plants from my other Website Folders, then I will insert that information (16 March 2021). |
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Plant Name Major source of honey in the UK Yes/No |
Type The key ingredients a bird needs from your garden are |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) Spacing distance between plants of same species in inches (cms) |
Foliage Some poisonous herbaceous and alpine perennials are indicated, but there are others in Cultivated Poisonous Plants and |
Flower Colour in Month(s). Use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected herbaceous or alpine perennial or deter its pests |
Comments and Use United States Department of Agriculture Pruning of |
Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen or Semi-Evergreen Perennial |
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Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennials and Alpine Herbaceous Perennials Gallery: The following perennial plants (which are not Shrubs or Trees) detailed in these books are in the relevant page of Plants Topic:-
If I find, that I have further details like photos of these extra plants from my other Website Folders, then I will insert that information (16 March 2021). |
|||||
Plant Name Major source of honey in the UK Yes/No |
Type The key ingredients a bird needs from your garden are |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) Spacing distance between plants of same species in inches (cms) |
Foliage Some poisonous herbaceous and alpine perennials are indicated, but there are others in Cultivated Poisonous Plants and |
Flower Colour in Month(s). Use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected herbaceous or alpine perennial or deter its pests |
Comments and Use United States Department of Agriculture Pruning of |
Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen or Semi-Evergreen Perennial |
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Copied from Botanical Index Gallery Pages |
Appended to Botanical Name is |
Number of Botanical Plants in each Page or Gallery / comparison pages section |
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A, B, C, D, E, Links to 1000's of Indexed Plants in the galleries below are in addition to the ones above:- Bee pollinated plants per flower colour per month in Bee-Pollinated Alpines, Aquatic, Annual, Beddi-ng, Biennial and Bulb with Climber of 3 sector system are in
Botanical Wildflowers in |
Plant Type:- Gr = Grass |
Flower Colour:- followed by Annual, Bulb, Climber, |
Inv = Invasive; so pot the plant instead |
A, 391 Galleries/Comparison Pages:- Total 5851 plus plants in the above Galleries / Comparison pages section |
How comparison thumbnails with their text boxes will be changed to from Flower Colour and Foliage Colour if not green Violet-blue, ACIDIC SAND, LOAM. Above contents of this text box require amend-ing Soil. |