Common Name CL-CO 9

cloudberryffol

Foliage

Rubus fruticosus
See Botanical Name Extras 91

Rose 1 Family

cloudberryffor

Form

A dioecious herb of wet, base-poor peats on moorland and blanket mire, spreading by extensively creeping rhizomes and by seed. Usually above 600 m and reaches at least 1160 m (Beinn a` Bhuird, S. Aberdeen, and Carn Eige, E. Ross), but descends to c. 90 m in Denbighshire.

Native in Northern Europe ( except in Iceland), Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union.

cloudberryrubuschamaemoruspolunin1

Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969.

Clove-Scented Broomrape

(Bedstraw Broomrape)

Clovers 1, 2, 3
Used within lifecycle of Butterfly Adonis Blue,
Butterfly Berger's Clouded Yellow,
Butterfly Brimstone,
Butterfly Chalk-Hill Blue,
Butterfly Clouded Yellow,
Butterfly Common Blue,
Butterfly Large White,
Butterfly Painted Lady,
Butterfly Pale Clouded Yellow,
Butterfly Peacock,
Butterfly Queen of Spain Fritillary,
Butterfly Small White,

clovescentedfflobroomrape

Flower

Orobanche caryophyllacea

clovescentedfflosbroomrape

Flowers

Broomrape Family

Above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.

A root parasite mainly of Galium mollugo and Gallium verum, probably perennial and sometimes long-lived. It occurs in stabilised dune grassland, and in scrub and hedge banks on chalk downs and undercliffs. Most populations are small, but some of those on dunes are of a considerable size.

clovescentedfforbroomrape

Form

item1d3a1a

Arisaig Sedge
(Club Sedge,
Dark Sedge)

Carex buxbaumii
(Carex polygama,
Carex canescens,
Carex fusca)

Agrostis capillaris (Agrostis nebulosa hort, Agrostis sylvatica, Agrostis tenuis)

Sedges Carex 1 Family

A perennial herb found in mesotrophic fens on or near the margins of lakes, often bordering outflow streams, and always in areas which are periodically inundated. It is often subject to light grazing by cattle.

Native in a wet spongy bog in West Inverness of Great Britain.
Native in Europe; Algeria; Northern Asia and North merica.

item1a2b1b2h8m7h4i7c3h7

See other photos of
Carex canescens
from freenatureimages.eu of the Saxifraga Foundation

Clustered Alpine Saxifrage

Saxifraga nivalis

item1d6a

Clustered Bell-flower

clusteredfflobellflower

Flower

clusteredfflo1bellflower

Different Flower Colour

Campanula glomerata

June onwards

Campanula barbata -
See Botanical Name Extras 91

clusteredfflosbellflower

Flowers

clusteredfflo2bellflower

Different Flower Colour

The 8 small photos below were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.

Bellflower Family

clusteredffolbellflower

Foliage

clusteredfflo3bellflower

Different Flower Colour

A perennial herb of calcareous grassland, scrub, open woodland, cliffs and sand dunes. It is most frequent on chalk and oolite, and curiously absent from apparently suitable habitat on other limestones and base-rich substrates. It also occurs as a garden escape on roadsides and waste ground.

clusteredfforbellflower

Form

clusteredfflo4bellflower

Different Flower Colour

clusteredbellflowercampanulaglomeratafoord

Campanula glomerata (Clustered Bellflower) slide taken by Ron or Christine Foord in June 1982.

Native in most of Europe, except Portugal, Ireland, Iceland, Albania and Turkey.

Clustered Mouse-ear

Cerastium glomeratum

item1a2b1

Clustered Pine

Pinus pinaster

item1b2a1

Cocksfoot
(Wiesen-Knauelgras)

Used within lifecycles of
Butterfly Hedge Brown,
Butterfly Large Skipper,
Butterfly Marbled White,
Butterfly Ringlet,
Butterfly Speckled
Wood,
Butterfly Wall Brown,

cocksfootfflo

Flower

Dactylis glomerata

May onwards

cocksfootfflos

Flowers

The above 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord

Grass 1 Family

A tufted perennial herb of woods, meadows and pastures, downland and hill-slopes, maritime cliff grasslands, fixed dunes, field margins, roadsides and waste ground on a wide range of fertile, neutral and basic soils.

item1a1a

Coltsfoot
(Son-before-father)

is Edible,

coltsfootfflo

Flower

Tussilago farfara

February-April, well before the leaves

coltsfootffrus

Seed Heads

The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord

Daisy Family

coltsfootffol

Foliage

A rhizomatous perennial herb, occurring, often as a pioneer, in a wide range of moist or dry, often disturbed habitats, which include sand dunes and shingle, slumping cliff-slopes, landslides, spoil heaps, seepage areas, rough grassland, crumbling river banks, waste places and roadside verges. It can also be a troublesome arable weed.

coltsfootffor

Form

coltsfoottussilagofarfaracorke1 Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:-

Long before the leaves are thought of the flowers are there at the end of February. A hard, thick stem with drooping head pushes up through the earth. Trangular bracts, arranged in a spiral, sheath it at intervals; here and there they are tinged with purple, down by the base the purple is ruby, while the whole stalk carries a coating of cottony hairs. This colouring is of definite value, for it changes the energy of light into heat, and thus the plant utilises the scanty March sunshine to best advantage, and is able to bloosom earlier than almost any other insect-pollinated plant.
The whole bloom is walled around by a ring of narrow green leaves, outside which the sheathing bracts of the stem push up closely. Its best loved home is railway embankments.
The finches specially appreciate these feathery flying seeds as parachutes and eagerly seize upon them as material well fitted to line their nests.
It seems to like heavy clayey soil which other plants ban, and is often the first plant to take possession of newly-cut embankments. Once establishe, it is almost ineradicable, for it has a tough rootstock which burrows in every direction.

Native in all Europe.
The leaves can be smoked like tobacco and were well known as a remedy for chest complaints, coughs and asthma.

Columbine

fcolumbineflot1

Flower

Aquilegia vulgaris

Plate 4

Illustrated

May-July

fcolumbineflo1

Flowers

Buttercup Family

Below 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.

fcolumbinefol1

Foliage

Mauve
Purple

Native populations of this perennial are found on calcareous soil over limestone rocks in England and Wales. It typically grows in woodland glades and open scrub, by woodland rides and streamsides, in damp grassland and fen, and on scree slopes. Garden escapes can be naturalised in quarries, on roadsides, railway banks and old walls.

fcolumbinefor1

Form

columbineaquilegiavulgarispolunin

Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969.

Native in much of Europe including Great Britain, except for Albania, Greece, Turkey and Belgium.
Poisonous; used medicinally in the past.

See other photos of
Aquilegia vulgaris
from freenatureimages.eu of the Saxifraga Foundation.

Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Aquilegia vulgaris with
its distribution in USA and Canada from
Flora of USA and Canada.

Comfrey

Symphytum officinale

item1a3a1

Common Agrimony

Agrimonia eupatoria

item1b3a1

Common Bent
(Common Bent Grass,
Fine Bent,
Browntop Bent,
Cloud Grass,
Rotes Straussgras, Colonial Bentgrass, Colonial Bent,
Browntop)

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil
Used within lifecycles of Butterfly Chalk-Hill Blue,
Butterfly Dingy Skipper,
Butterfly Green Hairstreak,
Butterfly Marsh Fritillary,
Butterfly Wood White,

June-August

Plate 95

Illustrated

finefflosbent1

Flowers

The small photo above was taken by Ron or Christine Foord.

Grass Soft
Bromes 1 Family

A rhizomatous, occasionally stoloniferous, perennial herb occurring mainly on dry or damp, neutral to moderately acidic soils; its habitats include lowland pastures, hay meadows, upland hill-pasture, heaths, open woodland and scrub, sand dunes and a range of ruderal habitats including areas contaminated by heavy metals.

It is extensively used as a lawn grass, on its own or with other species.

Widespread in Europe.

item1a2b1a1

See other photos of
Agrostis capillaris
from freenatureimages.eu of the Saxifraga Foundation.

Gallery, Common Name and Synonym of
Agrostis capillaris with
its distribution in USA and Canada from
Flora of USA and Canada.

Common Bladderwort

Common Broomrape
(Orobanche minor)
See Common Name Extras 59

Utricularia vulgaris

item1d3a1

Bulrush
(False Bulrush,
Common Bulrush,
Great Reedmace,
Common Clubrush)

Scirpus lacustris
(Schoenoplectus lacustris,
Typha latifolia)

Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1

Sedge Rush-like Family

A tall rhizomatous perennial herb of standing or flowing fresh water, in conditions ranging from eutrophic and base-rich to oligotrophic and base-poor. Substrates include silt, clay, peat or gravel. It occurs in ponds, lakes, canals, dykes and slow moving rivers, usually in water 0.3-1.5 m deep, but can also be found in deeper water. Generally lowland, but reaching 405 m at Dock Tarn (Cumberland).

Native in all Europe, except in Iceland.
the dried stems are used for making mats, mattresses, baskets, chair-bottoms, and for thatching. The pith is used for paper-making.

bullrushffor2britishflora

Form from Buckinghamshire from BritishFlora

bullrushffor1britishflora1

Form from Buckinghamshire from BritishFlora

Common Burdock

Arctium pubens

item1a4a1

Common Butterwort
(Butterwort)

commonfflobutterwort

Flower

Pinguicula vulgaris

May-June

The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord

Butterwort Family

commonffolbutterwort

Foliage

Purple

A rosette-forming, insectivorous perennial herb of damp, nutrient-poor habitats, overwintering as a rootless bud. It is found in bogs, in crevices of irrigated rocks and rock ledges, in base-poor as well as base-rich open flushes, and in open bryophyte-dominated communities in fens.

commonfforbutterwort1

Form

Native in all Europe, except in Albania, greece and Turkey.
The Laplanders use the plant to curdle milk; the fresh plant causes vomiting and is purgative.

butterwortpinguiculavulgariscorke Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris vulgaris from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:-

Its leaves are setting themselves deliberately to catch, kill and eat any small flies that may be so unwary as to fall into their trap. It is a little plant. In the marshy uplands of Wales, Yorkshire and the Lake District it is chiefly to be found, a rosette of leaves lying on the ground, from the centre of which the flowers rise singly on stalks 3-5 inches (7.5-12.5 cms) high. The leaves are a pale, shining green, the flowers blue-purple of irregular shape. It is unmistakable.
The leaves are spoon-shaped, and covered with a sticky fluid, and usually have the bodies of little flies adhering to them. All over the face of the leaf are 2 kinds of small glands, one of which can be clearly seen with the naked eye, though it needs a lens to show us that it has a rounded top and a stalk, so that it looks precisely like a small mushroom; the other is smaller and minutely wart-like.
An ordinary Butterwort will have no fewer than 500,000 of these glands on its leaf-rosette. The 2 sets of glands secrete 2 kinds of liquids, one colourless and very thick and sticky, the other an acid digestive liquid, which has prove to be identically the same as the gastric juices in our own stomach.
Imagine a fly settling, say near the margin of a leaf. Directly its legs touch the gummy surface it is caught as on a fly-paper. Naturally it struggles to escape, but the only result is that more sticky liquid is poured out and it is glued down still more firmly, while the edge of the leaf curls very slowly over so that, if a small fly, it is carried into the centre of the leaf, and, if a large one, it is pushed there. Meanwhile the digestive liquid is also oozing out, and soon the fly is dead, and in 24 hours there is nothing left but its claws, wings and scales. All the nutritive portions have been absorbed by the leaf.
It is bee pollinated.

Common Calamint
(Ascending Wild Basil)

commonfflocalamint

Flower

Calamintha ascendens
(Clinopodium ascendens,
Calamintha officinalis,
Satureja ascendens)

July-September

commonffloscalamint

Flowers

Above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.

Thyme Family

commonffolcalamint

Foliage

Mauve

A rhizomatous perennial of hedge banks, road verges, rough scrubby grassland and rocky outcrops, usually on dry calcareous soils. It may occur as a relic of cultivation. Generally lowland, but reaching 380 m at Conistone (Mid-W. Yorks.).

Found on dry banks, usually calcareous; from Yorks, Cumberland and Isle of Man southwards and from Louth and Donegal suthwards in Great Britain.

Native in Central and Southern Europe from France to the Black Sea; North Africa.

commonfforcalamint

Form

item1a2b1b2h8m7h4i7c2

See other photos of
Satureja ascendens
from freenatureimages.eu of the Saxifraga Foundation

Common Caraway (Caraway)

is Edible,

Carum carvi

item1d4a1

Common Catsear
(Long-rooted Cat's Ear, catsear,
flatweed,
false dandelion, hawkweed,
rooted catsear, dandelion)

commonfflocatsearbritishflora

Flower

Photo by BritishFlora

Hypochoeris radicata

June onwards

commonffrucatsear

Seedhead

Photo by Ron or Christine Foord.

Daisy Catsears Family

commonffolcatsearbritishflora

Foliage

Photo by BritishFlora

A perennial herb of meadows, pastures, lawns, heathland, cliff-tops, sand dunes, roadsides, railway banks and waste ground, on slightly acidic, usually free-draining soils. It is very tolerant of drought, and is absent from sites subject to prolonged waterlogging.

commonfforcatsearbritishflora

Form

Photo by BritishFlora

item1i1a1

Common Centaury
(Echtes Tausendgü-ldenkraut in Germany, Centaura Menor Zantore in Spain,
flockarun in Sweden, European centaury in USA,
rohtosappi in Finland, Centuria zwyczajna in Poland,
Dumpy Centaury)

Common Chamomile
(Chamaemelum nobile)
See Common Name Extras 61

Common Comfrey
(Symphytum officinale)
See Common Name Extras 59

Common Cord-Grass
(Spartina townsendii
See Common Name Extras 63

Centaurium erythraea
(Erythraea centaurium,  Centaurium umbellatum,  Centaurium minus, Centaurium capitatum)

June onwards

commonfflocentaury

Flower on 2 July. Photo from BritishFlora

commonffloscentaury

Flowers on 2 July. Photo from BritishFlora

Gentian Family

commonffolcentaury

Foliage on 2 July. Photo from BritishFlora

A biennial, rarely annual, herb of mildly acidic to calcareous, well-drained, often disturbed, soils, occurring in a wide range of habitats including chalk and limestone grassland, heathland, woodland rides and open scrub, dune grassland, quarries, spoil-heaps and road verges.

commonfforcentaury

Form on 2 July. Photo from BritishFlora

item1a5a1

Common Cotton-Grass

fcommonfrucottongrass

Cottony threads on the fruit

Common Couch
(Agropyron repens)
See Common Name Extras 63

Eriophorum
angustifolium
(Eriophorum polystachion)

April-May

fcommonfruscottongrass

Fruit

These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century

Sedge Rush-like Family

fcommonfolcottongrass

Foliage

A rhizomatous perennial of open, wet, peaty ground, both calcareous and acidic, sometimes colonising peat-cuttings and often growing in standing water. Its habitats range from upland blanket bogs and hillside flushes to wet heaths and marshy meadows in the lowlands. 0-1100 m (Ben Alder, Westerness).

Native in most of Europe, except in Greece and Turkey.
The fruiting heads have been used for wicks.

fcommonforcottongrass

Form

item1a2b1b2h8m7h4i7c3h7o6i8d4b1a1a2a2e

See other photos of
Eriophorum angustifolium
from freenatureimages.eu of the Saxifraga Foundation

Common Cow-wheat
(Cow-wheat
, Field CowWheat)

Used within lifecycle of
Butterfly Heath Fritillary,

Common Cudweed
(Filago germanica)
See Common Name Extras 62

Common Dodder
(Cuscata epithymum)
See Common Name Extras 59

Common Eel-Grass
(Zostera marina)
See Common Name Extras 62

Melampyrum pratense

May-September

commonffloscowwheat

Flowers

These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century

Figwort - Speedwells Family

commonffolcowwheat

Foliage

An annual hemiparasite of woods, scrub, heaths and upland moorlands on well-drained, nutrient-poor acidic soils; more rarely in scrub, hedgerows and deciduous woodland on chalk and limestone. The large seeds are distributed by ants.

commonfforcowwheat

Form

item1c5a1

Common Eyebright
(Eyebright)

Common Field Speedwell
See Common Name Extras 57

Blue Wildflower ,

Common Fleabane
(Pulicaria dysenterica)
See Common Name Extras 61

Euphrasia officinalis

eyebrighteuphrasiaofficinaliscorke Eyebright Euphrasia officinalis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:-

Suckers from its roots spread around and lie on the rootlets of the grass plants which share the soil with it. Where they are in contact, tiny nodules form and send absorption cells into the grass rootlets, but they only make slight demands upon their host.
The Eyebright is an annual, renewing itself by seed from year to year, and the suckers of the grass roots to which it is attached also wither in those autumn days. It is bee pollinated.
The plant is named after Euphrosyne, one of the three Graces, who was distinguished for her joy and mirth.

Common Forget-me-not
(Field Forget-me-not)
Blue Wildflower,

Common Fumitory
(Fumaria officinalis)
See Common Name Extras 63

Common globularia (Globularia vulgaris) -
See Common Name Extras 57
Blue Wildflower,

commonffloforgetmenot

Flower

Myosotis arvensis

Grey-blue or pinkish, usually saucer-shaped flowers, the petal-like corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. Fruit-stalks longer than the calyx which has numerous spreading hooked hairs from April onwards

commonfflosforgetmenot

Flowers

The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord

3-10 x
(7.5-25 x )

Borage

commonffolforgetmenot

Foliage

Grey-Blue or pinkish

An annual or biennial herb of open or disturbed ground, especially cultivated fields. Other habitats include woodland edges, open grassland, hedges, scrub, roadsides, walls and quarries.

commonfforforgetmenot

Form

Flower picture on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black.

Propagation - By seeds sown 0.612 inches (1.5 mm) deep outdoors in spring or summer. Position - as edgings to or in masses in partially shaded beds or borders in ordinary soil.

Common Gorse

Common Grape Hyacinth
Muscari neglectum -
See Common Name Extras 57
Blue Wildflower,

Ulex europaeus

Common Grass-wrack

Common Gromwell
(Lithospermum officinale)
See Common Name Extras 59

Zostera marina

item1c1a1a

UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given.

Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly.

Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery.

Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND.
Please leave a small area in your garden for wildflowers to grow without disturbance throughout the year for the benefit of butterflies, moths and other wildlife who are dependant on them.
Butterfly
Usage of Plants
by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries for Wildflowers

There are 180 families in the Wildflowers of the UK and they have been split up into 22 Galleries to allow space for up to 100 plants per gallery.

Each plant named in each of the Wildflower Family Pages may have a link to:-

its Plant Description Page in its Common Name in one of those Wildflower Plant Galleries and will have links

to external sites to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name,

to see photos in its Flowering Months and

to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.

Wild Flower Gallery
with its
flower colour comparison page,
space,
Site Map page in its flower colour
NOTE Gallery:-
...Blue Note
...Brown Note
...Cream Note
...Green Note
...Mauve Note
...Multi-Cols Note
...Orange Note
...Pink A-G Note
...Pink H-Z Note
...Purple Note
...Red Note
...White A-D Note
...White E-P Note
...White Q-Z Note
...Yellow A-G Note
...Yellow H-Z Note
...Shrub/Tree Note

Each of the above 17 Flower Colour Comparison Pages compares the wildflowers with that flower colour in the top section using the thumbnails of the ones that I have. This is followed by a list of all the Wildflowers of the UK that have that same flower colour. Then, in the right hand table is the list of Wildflowers of the UK with that habitat as shown below:-

White A-D
and
Habitats of Saltmarshes, Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops

White E-P
and
Other Habitats

White Q-Z
and
Number of Petals

Cream
and
Coastal Sandy Shores and Dunes

Yellow A-G
and
Pollinator

Yellow H-Z
and
Poisonous Plants

Orange
and
Habitat of Hedgerows and Road Verges

Red
and
Habitat of Pinewoods

Pink A-G
and
Habitats of Lakes, Canals and Rivers

Pink H-Z
and
Habitats of Marshes, Fens and Bogs

Mauve
and
Habitat of Grassland - Acid, Neutral or Chalk

Purple
and
Habitats of Old Buildings and Walls

Blue
and
Flower Legend

Green
and
Habitat of Broad-leaved Woods

Brown
and
Food for Butterfly / Moth

Multi-Coloured
and
Habitats of Heaths and Moors

Shrub and Small Tree
and
Habitats of River Banks and Other Freshwater Margins

Seed 1
and
Scented Flower, Foliage or Root

Seed 2
and
Story of Their Common Names

Non-Flower Plants and
Non-Flowering Plant Use

Introduction
and
Edible Plant Parts

Site Map
and
Use of Plant

You can find the wild flower in one of the 23 Wild Flower Galleries or the Colour Wheel
Gallery

you know its name, use
Wild Flower Plant Index a-h,
Wild Flower Plant Index i-p or
Wild Flower Plant Index q-z

you know which habitat it lives in,
use
Wild Flowers on
Acid Soil Habitat Table,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush, or
is a Sedge

you know which family it belongs to, use
Wild Flower Family Pages menu below

Wild Flower Family Page

(the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. These families within that book will have their details described as shown in the next column starting from page 1 in February 2017 until all the families have been completed on page 307.

This may take a few months of my time before I get to the Adder's Tongue Family on page 307.

The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield,
T.G. Tutin of University College, Leicester and
E.F. Warburg of University of Oxford printed by Cambridge at the University Press in 1952 for each plant in all the families)

followed by

No. of Plants of that Family

that have a row with their details in their flower colour in this central data table;

and then

the relevant entries in the Habitat Index Pages and other characteristics in other Index Pages in the Page Menu / Index Table on the left
(with over-flow in another table below the flower colour in the central data table and then onto
continuation pages)

within this gallery

Buttercup 45

Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2

Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)

Peaflower Vetches/Peas

Peony 1

Poppy 9

Total 65

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in
A Butterfly Book for the Pocket by Edmund Sandars.
Published by Oxford University Press London: Humphrey Milford in 1939.

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Alder Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June
28 days.
12 days.

Aspen

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May
9 days in June.

Black Medic

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.

Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

Late August-April
April-June
1 Month

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.

Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Bitter Vetch

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Borage

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Bramble

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn

Buckthorn -
Alder Buckthorn and Common Buckthorn

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.

28 days.
12 days.

Burdocks

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed

Large White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days.
30-32 days
14 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till April

Cabbages

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Hedge-Mustard,
Garlic-Mustard,
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress

Green-veined White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

July or August; hatches in 3 days.
16 days.
14 days in July or for caterpillars of August, they overwinter till May.

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Creeping Yellow-cress,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Dame's Violet,
Hedge-Mustard,
Horseradish,
Garlic-Mustard,
Lady's Smock,
Large Bittercress,
Rock-cress (Common Winter-Cress),
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress ,
Wild Turnip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Cherry with
Wild Cherry,
Morello Cherry and
Bird Cherry

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.

Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks.

Pale Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Cocksfoot is a grass

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

11 Months
3 weeks from May

Cow-wheat

(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April

25 days in June.

Currants
(Red Currant,
Black Currant and Gooseberry)

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Devilsbit Scabious

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.

15 days in May.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 15 days in May-June.
July-May.

9 days in June.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April

April-June.

Dogwood

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Elm and Wych Elm

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome)

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

...
11 Months
3 weeks from May

Foxglove

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May

15 days in May.

Fyfield Pea

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Garden Pansy

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.
Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April

April-June.

Gorse

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Heartsease

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Hogs's Fennel

Swallowtail

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.

August-September.

September-May.

Holly

Honesty (Lunaria biennis)

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Honeysuckle

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.

15 days in May.

Hop

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Berger's Clouded Yellow

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Horseshoe vetch

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

---

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.

Eats leaves.

---

1 then
June-March or September to July
3 weeks.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month

8-10 days in Late May-June or Middle August-September
June-July or September to October
8-15 days

Ivy

Pale Clouded Yellow

Clouded Yellow

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Kidney Vetch

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis
Butterfly

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---
Eats nectar.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month
20 days

Lucerne

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mallows

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Melilot

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mignonettes

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Milk Parsley

Swallowtail

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.

August-September

September-May

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.

25 days in June.

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.

25 days in April-May.

Nasturtium from Gardens

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days.
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Oak Tree

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Mountain pansy,
Seaside Pansy,
Field Pansy and Cultivated Pansy.

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves of borage, sainfoin and heartsease, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September

3 weeks in September

Pine Tree

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk.
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Plantains

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May

15 days in May.

Poplar

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Restharrow

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.

Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Rock-rose

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

Sainfoin

Common Sallow (Willows, Osiers)

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September

3 weeks in September

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Sea Plantain

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April

25 days in April-May.

Snowberry

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Spindle-tree

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Stinging Nettle

Comma

Painted Lady

Peacock

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Dense mass of 450-500 eggs on the under side of leaves over a 2 hour period.
Eats leaves, and moves to another plant before pupating.
---

2 weeks in June.
7-11 days.
7-11 days.

14 days in April-May.

28 days.

13days.

Storksbill

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

Thistles

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Vetches

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.

Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Vetches

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet
Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

Dark Green Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk.
Hibernates where it hatches.
Eats leaves.

Base of food plant.

July-August for 17 days.

Spends winter on plant until end of March. Eats leaves until end of May.
4 weeks.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet
Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

High Brown Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base.
Feed on young leaves, stalks and stems
---

July to hatch in 8 months in March.
9 weeks ending in May.

4 weeks

Vipers Bugloss

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks.
7-11days.
7-11 days

Whitebeam
(White Beam)

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wild Angelica

Swallowtail

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.

August-September.

September-May

Willow
(Bay Willow)

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wood-Sage

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.

15 days in May.

Plants used by the Butterflies

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Asters
in gardens

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens

Large White

Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Aubretia in gardens

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Birch

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Chalk-Hill Blue

Wood White

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days.

May-June.

30 days in May-June.

Bitter Vetch

Holly Blue

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Bluebell

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

June.

June-August.

Bramble

Comma

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

7 weeks in July-August.

June-August

Buddleias
in gardens

Comma

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May

Bugle

Wood White

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June.

June-August.

June-July.

Cabbage and cabbages in fields

Large White

Small White

Green-veined White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September.

A Month during May-June or second flight in late July-August.

May-June for 18 days.

Charlock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Painted Lady

Peacock

Large White

Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.

July-October.

July-May.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Pale Clouded Yellow

Clouded Yellow

Berger's Clouded Yellow

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-September.

Cow-wheat
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock)

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Holly Blue

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Dandelion

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

30 days in May-June.

Fleabanes

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell)

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Greater Knapweed

Comma

Peacock

Clouded Yellow

Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months

Hawkbit

Butterfly

Eats nectar

30 days in May-June.

Heartsease

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-September

Hedge Parsley

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

May-June for 18 days.

Hemp agrimony

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Horseshoe vetch

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month.

20 days

Ivy

Painted Lady

Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

Hibernates during winter months in its foliage.

July-October.

October-July

Lucerne

Painted Lady

Large White

Small White

Pale Clouded Yellow

Clouded Yellow

Berger's Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marigolds in gardens

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marjoram

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Common Blue

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September.

20 days in August.

3 weeks in May-September.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Michaelmas Daisies
in gardens

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Mignonettes

Large White

Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Nasturtiums in gardens

Large White

Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September

March-May or June-September

Oak Tree

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Primroses

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.

June-August.

Ragged Robin

Wood White

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June-July.

Scabious

Painted Lady

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

July-May

Sedum

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-May

Teasels

Thistles -
Creeping Thistle, Dwarf Thistle, Marsh Thistle, Meadow Thistle, Melancholy Thistle, Milk Thistle,
Musk Thistle, Seaside Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Spear Thistle, Tuberous Thistle, Welted Thistle, Woolly Thistle

Butterfly

Eats nectar

7 weeks in July-August.

Comma

Painted Lady

Peacock

Swallowtail

Clouded Yellow

Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Dark Green Fritillary

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-October.

July-May.

May-July.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months.

7 weeks in July-August

June-August.

July-August for 6 weeks.

May-September.

June-August.

Thymes

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.

June-July

Vetches

Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days in August.

June-July.

Violets

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.

June-August.

Wood-Sage

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

April-May

Rotten Fruit

Peacock

Butterfly

Drinks juice

July-September

Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar