Ivydene Gardens Bulb, Corm, Rhizome and Tuber Gallery: |
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Bulb, Corm, Rhizome or Tuber Name -
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Flower Colour with |
Flowering Form Thumbnail Mat, |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - Seed Head Thumbnail Soil Sun Aspect Soil Moisture |
Foliage Colour with Foliage Thumbnail |
Bulb Use |
Comments |
Narcissus - Division 1: |
The name of the genus is derived from Narcissus, son of the Boeotian river god Cephisus and the nymph Liriope. Narcissus is also said to come from the Greek 'narke' meaning 'numbness' and refers to its narcotic properties. Very interesting Article about daffodils written by Jan de Graaff and others of Oregon Bulb Farms. |
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'Brabazon' |
Golden-Yellow/Yellow
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16 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Plant with Rosa banksiae 'Lutea' (Yellow banksia rose) |
Large, deep golden yellow flowers with bold trumpets. Free flowering, sturdy and strong growing. |
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'Bravoure' |
Creamy-White/Yellow
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18-24 x 4 (44-60 x 10) |
Blue-Green |
Easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Plant bulbs 5-6" (12.5-15 cms) deep in fall. Bulbs prefer a neutral to slightly acidic, sandy loam. After the flowers have bloomed, the top portion of each flower stem may be removed to prevent seed formation, but foliage should not be cut back until it begins to yellow. Flowers usually face the sun, so bulbs should be grown with any shade areas at the rear of the planting. Bulbs can be left undisturbed for a number of years. Propagation by bulb division is easiest. |
Very large flowers with broad creamy white petals and large lemon yellow trumpets with slightly frilled edges. Strong growing with strappy blue-green foliage. Mid-spring flowering. |
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'Dutch Master' 1Y-Y |
Golden Yellow/Yellow
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18 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Dutch Master or King Alfred Improved has been America's favorite daffodil for decades. It's great for naturalizing and creates the perfect early burst of classic yellow color. |
Strong growing and reliable. Large golden yellow flowers in mid-spring |
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'Golden Harvest' |
Golden Yellow/Yellow
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18 x 6 |
Narrow, linear to strap-shaped dark green leaves |
This cultivar is suitable for Winter forcing and this article states the number of weeks of Prechilling required to stimulate that growth and flower production. |
Large golden yellow flowers. Often one of the earliest flowering daffodils, from February. Strong growing habit. |
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'Little Beauty' 1W-Y |
Creamy-White/Yellow
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6 x 4 |
Dark Green |
This little daffodil may be naturalised in short fine grass, but its ideal situation is at the front of a border or rock garden, in sun or dappled shade. Plant it at one and a half times its own depth, or slightly deeper if the soil is light, or if it is being naturalised in grass. Daffodils do tolerate a wide range of soils, but are best grown in moderately fertile, well drained soil that is moist during the growing season. The flowering time for ‘Little Beauty’ is early March. |
One of the best miniature trumpets with a greenish-white perianth and a bright yellow corona. Good in pots or garden and is a strong grower. March flowering and lasts well. |
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Yellow, Yellow |
14 x 6 |
Dark Green |
It can tolerate cold, snowy weather and it has a long blooming period. 'Rijnveld's Early Sensation' combines nicely with early crocuses and dwarf irises. |
In milder winters, or in particularly sheltered gardens, this trumpet daffodil can be in bloom in late December or early January, so if you want an early start to the season, then this is by far the best one to choose. It flowers a good few weeks earlier than many of the other big trumpet types, often producing blooms before the foliage has had a chance to reach its full height. This makes it ideal for extending the season - as well as lifting the spirits in the depths of winter. |
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'Small Talk' |
Golden Yellow/Yellow
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5 x 3 |
Dark Green |
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Dwarf and very short growing, but will eventually form good neat clumps. Well formed miniature golden yellow flowers, from very early in the season. |
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'Spellbinder' 1Y-Y |
Yellow/Yellow
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20 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Vigorous daffodil with large sulphur-lemon yellow trumpeted flowers, fading as they age almost to white |
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Narcissus - Division 2: |
The only other well known event in Saint Narcissus' life took place when, on an unknown date, he was accused by three men of an unnamed, yet horrible, sin. The way these men sought to bring down the holy bishop leads one to wonder if demonic possession was at work. Each man asked that he might, respectively, be killed by fire, devoured by leprosy, and struck blind if what he said was proved false. Narcissus kept his composure throughout this ordeal and simply looked at it as an opportunity to live the life of a hermit. After forgiving his accusers, he disappeared into the desert. Later on, one of the men, along with his entire family, died during a house fire. The second contracted leprosy and the third cried from fear and contrition to the extent that he lost his sight. |
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'Altun Ha' 2YYW-W |
Lemon Yellow/Cream
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18 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Shapely reversed bi-colour flowers with broad lemon-yellow perianth petals and large pale cream trumpets. Mid to late season flowering. A frequent show-winner. |
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'Armada' |
Yellow/Orange
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24 x 6 |
Narrow, Dark Green |
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Spring flowering bulb with bright yellow perianth segments and orange cups with frilled edges. Sturdy habit and vigorous growing. |
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'Border Beauty' 2Y-O |
Yellow/Orange
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18 x 6 |
Dark Green |
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Large shapely flowers with rounded clear yellow perianth segments and bowl-shaped deep reddish orange cups. Strong growing habit. |
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'Carlton' |
Yellow/Yellow
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18 x 12-18 (45 x 30-45) |
Strap-shaped Dark Green |
The perfect ‘Golden Daffodil' and one of the best for naturalizing. Widely cultivated for commercial cut flower production, because it is so very vigorous and long lasting it is also one of the best for the home gardener looking for a classic border display. |
One of the few all yellow flowers in this group. The cup is extra large and broad and it makes a good, strong cut flower. |
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'Ceylon' |
Yellow/Red-Orange
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16 x 6 (40 x 15) |
Narrow, linear to strap-shaped Dark Green |
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Flowers have golden yellow petals and an orange-red cup, produced one per stem in early to mid spring |
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'Glen Clova' |
Golden Yellow/Orange
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16 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Flowered for 55 days in 2008 and 21 days in 2009 at the Daffodil Trial 2008-2009 at Royal Horticultural Society in Wisley |
Broad golden yellow perianth segments, slightly reflexing, and long trumpet shaped cups shading from orange to reddish at the mouths. |
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'Home Fires' |
Yellow/Orange
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20 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Mid-spring flowering daffodil with pointed, bright yellow perianth segments and short brilliant orange cups. |
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'Ice Follies' |
Creamy-White/Yellow
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18 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Although sometimes forced in January for early cutting, and also grown as pot plant for display, it is a fine variety for massing in borders, parts of the lawn or under trees. |
Large creamy-white flowers with wide, frilly-edged cups opening lemon-yellow but soon fading to white. Very prolific. |
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'Redhill' |
White/Orange-Red
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16 x |
Dark Green |
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Good red and white daffodil. Broad white petals around a bowl shaped vivid orange-red cup. |
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'Romance' |
White/Rose-Pink eye-zone and mid-zone with Orange rim
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14 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Attractive fragrant flowers with overlapping rounded white perianth petals and shapely cups, opening apricot then aging to rose-pink. Vigorous and increases quickly. |
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'Rustom Pasha' 2Y-O |
Lemon Yellow/Orange
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16 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Large-cupped daffodil with broad rounded, yellow petals and a neat orange cup. Narrow, linear to strap-shaped leaves. Strong growing. |
RUSTOM PASHA, 1930 Named for a prize-winning “red” stallion raced back then by the Aga Khan, this bright, cheerful flower was one of the first with a truly orange, sun-proof cup. |
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'St. Keverne' 2Y-Y |
Yellow /Yellow
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18 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Large, well formed, clear yellow flowers with flat, broad pointed perianth segments and bold trumpet-shaped cup. Sturdy growing, resistant to heavy rain and wind. |
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Narcissus - Division 3: |
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'Badbury Rings' 3Y-YYO |
Lemon-Yellow/ Yellow eye-zone, Yellow mid-zone and Orange rim
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26 x 4 |
Dark Green |
3Y-YYR(LM) “Badbury Rings” AGM A wonderfully yellow small-cupped daffodil with an orange rim. A leader on the show bench as well as a good garden plant. |
Tall stems carry attractive, well formed flowers with rounded, bright lemon yellow perianth segments and a small, fluted and flared, darker cups with a red-orange-red rim. |
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'Merlin' |
White/ Yellow with
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14-16 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Beautiful medium sized daffodil. Pure white perianth segments and a pale yellow flattened cup edged by a narrow intense red rim. |
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Narcissus - Division 4: |
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'Abba' |
White/Orange
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24 x 6 |
Glaucous 20 inch (50 cms) length Grey-Green |
A good double; stands up well to the weather; lots of secondary flowering stems providing an extremely long flowering display. Good spicy fragrance. |
Fairly upright habit, with some leaves arching over. Flowers facing outward with an average of 5 flowers per stem. Stem reaching 61cm in height, glaucous grey green foliage to 51cm. Flowers 5cm in diameter. Flowered for 60 days in 2007 (from 19 February), with 45 flowering stems per 10 bulbs. |
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'Replete' |
White/Salmon-Pink
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20 x 6 |
Dark Green |
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Large double flowers with ivory white outer petals and salmon pink inner ones. The colouring is rather varible, often opening peachy yellow-orange then turning to coral-orange, salmon or rose-pink as they age. Scented. |
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'Sir Winston |
Creamy-White/
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16 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Each stem carries 4 or more double flowers of creamy white with yellow-orange centres, on strong stems in late spring. Sweetly scented. |
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Narcissus - Division 5: |
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'Hawera' |
Creamy-Yellow/Yellow
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8 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Triandrus- |
Raised in New Zealand, hence the Maori name, this is a small yet elegant daffodil. Its narrow foliage and soft yellow, multi-headed flowers look great in rock gardens, at the edge of paths, in containers, troughs or window-boxes. Scented. With its narrow leaves it is happier in a drier and sunnier site than many of its cousins. Pack them in quite tightly for a mass of colour on a rockery. These do not fit into the other groupings, but are nevertheless perfect for garden use. |
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Narcissus - Division 6: |
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'Beryl' |
Yellow/Yellow
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8 x 3-6 |
Dark Green |
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Vigorous spring flowering bulb. Reflexed yellow perianth segments which quickly fade to creamy white small yellow-orange cups. |
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'February |
Yellow/Golden-Yellow
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12 x 4 |
Dark Green |
They also do really well in pots and windowboxes. |
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'Garden Princess' |
Yellow/Yellow
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18 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Sturdy growing with clear soft yellow flowers, reflexing perianth segments and tapering trumpets with frilled mouths. |
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'Jack Snipe' 6W-Y |
White/Lemon-Yellow
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10 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Unlike other narcissi, this prefers slightly acid, moist soil, with plenty of compost or leaf-mould. It seeds very freely and, if the bulbs are to be encouraged to spread rapidly, the faded blooms should not be deadheaded. |
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'Jetfire' |
Yellow/Orange
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8 x 4 |
Dark Green |
As with most daffodils, Narcissus "Jetfire' is first-rate for forcing and wonderful as a cut flower. In the vase daffodils last four to six days. |
The blossoms secrete a mucous from their stems that is unfavorable to other cut flowers. Daffodils can be used alone in the vase or hardened for 12-24 hours in fresh water by themselves, with at least one water change. Rinse stems before placing with other cut flowers |
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'Peeping |
Yellow/Yellow
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15 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Will naturalise easily. |
Usually the earliest Daffodil to flower and also in bloom for a long period, up to 8 weeks. Strong golden yellow with narrow trumpets. |
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'Spring |
Pale Yellow/
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8 x 5 |
Dark Green |
Early flowering, usually in February and March |
Spring flowering bulb, pale creamy yellow perianth segments and bright yellow trumpets. |
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Narcissus - Division 7: |
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'Baby Moon' |
Citron-Yellow/Yellow
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8 x 6 |
Narrow, Dark Green, often reed-like leaves |
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It bears petite, scented, bright yellow flowers. |
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'Bell Song' |
Creamy-White/Pink
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12-15 x 8 (30-37.5 x 20) |
Strap-like Green |
Jonquil bulbs are planted four inches deep in autumn. Most jonquils like a very sunny location, but also do well in partial shade. However, salmon to pink-trumpet varieties like 'Bell Song' require a bit of protection and would in the main prefer dappled sunlight, or their rare color rapidly fades. When ours first start blooming in April (2003), the surrounding deciduous shrubbery permitted them sufficient light as they were not yet completely re-leafed. But since small jonquils bloom until June, they were quite deeply shaded by the end of their cycle, so our choice of location was not the best planned. |
Plant them really quite deeply with 5-6" (12-15cm) of soil over the bulb, where it will remain more cool, more moist and safer from activity above them in the summer. Do not be tempted to cut back or tidy the foliage after flowering as this period of replenishment of the bulb's starchy food reserves is critical to future flowering. A liquid feed while starchy leaves are still green will benefit clumps in poorer soil. I would suggest you plant them in distinct groups and not randomly as the effect is generally better. They should clump up from being planted about 4-5" (10-12cm) apart, further apart for more 'relaxed' planting |
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'Golden Dawn' 7Y-O |
Rich Yellow/Orange
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20 x 4 |
Dark Green |
Spring bulb, clusters of several sweetly scented flowers per stem, rich yellow with light orange cups. Vigorous grower with sturdy stems and good erect foliage, naturalises well |
'Golden Dawn' is a Tazetta daffodil with spreading foliage and up to 5 fragrant flowers per stem, each 4.5 cm in width with light yellow perianth segments and orange corona |
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'Kokopelli' |
Yellow/Golden Yellow
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12 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Kokopelli is a jonquilla seedling that is very fragrant and very floriferous. Each bulb produces a bouquet of 3 or more stems, each bearing 3-5, button-eyed, bright yellow flowers. |
Kokopelli has won many prizes on the daffodil show bench but is even more striking when massed in the garden. |
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'Pipit' |
Lemon Yellow/Yellow
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12 x 4 |
Dark Green |
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Small spring bulb, 2 or 3 sweetly scented, lemon yellow flowers with cups which quickly fade to cream or nearly white. Mid to late spring. |
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'Quail' |
Golden Yellow/Yellow
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16 x 4 |
Dark Green, narrow, reed-like leaves |
Narcissus ‘Quail’ is a delicate daffodil in appearance but actually is robust in nature and looks most effective planted in a large drift where its stems, which hold two or three small yellow flowers, can be fully admired. At RHS Garden Hyde Hall we use it in large drifts around the Lower Pond where it looks fantastic against winter stem shrubs such as dogwoods and willows. We also use it in smaller groups through the Eastern Courtyard to add a splash of spring colour as visitors arrive. |
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Narcissus - Division 8: |
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'Falconet' |
Golden-Yellow/Orange
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14 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Early to mid spring flowing bulb. 3 to 5 small flowers per stem, bright golden yellow perianth petals and small orange cups. Fragrant, reliable and spreads easily. |
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'Geranium' |
White/Red-Orange
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16 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Richly scented flowers appear in clusters of up to six on top of sturdy stems in March and April. The pure white petals contrast brilliantly with the bright orange cup. Plant in groups where they can be left undisturbed and the clumps will get bigger each year. This is also a good variety for pots. |
Garden care: Wearing gloves plant bulbs 10-15cm deep and 10cm apart in autumn. After flowering feed with a balanced fertiliser, dead-head the flowers, but do not be tempted to cut back or tidy the foliage after flowering as this will interfere with the bulbs ability to store energy for the following years flowers. |
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'Minnow' |
Creamy-Yellow/
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18 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Dwarf, robust early to mid spring flowing bulb. 4 or more small flowers per stem. Creamy yellow petals and a lemon cup. Fragrant. Reliable and spreads easily. |
It prefers a great deal of sun but will tolerate a bit of shade, & is hardy for zones 5 through 9. On Puget Sound the turf emerges in December. It begins flowering lightly by about mid-March but really picks up steam in April. The blooms sometime linger into May. When it dies back in summer, the bulb needs to remain relatively dry. In a warmer climate it can bloom as early as November. It rather likes Puget Sound weather patterns of wet winter & dry summers, so that it can go in a low-maintence roadside garden. Ours wasn't originally on the roadside, but near the house, growing at the foot of a Lady Bank's Rose that requires no watering to speak of. The location was chosen because this daffodil, like the Bank's Rose, mainly needs no more than ordinary rainfall. |
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papyraceus 8W-W |
White/White
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14 x |
Erect, keeled, glaucous green leaves |
The white flowers are borne in bunches and are strongly fragrant. It is frequently grown as a house plant, often forced to flower at Christmas. |
Paperwhites do not require chilling to promote bloom. The bulbs begin to grow as soon as they are planted, with flowers appearing in 3–4 weeks. Clusters of up to 10 smallish, fragrant, white flowers. |
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Narcissus - Division 9: |
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Narcissus - Division 10: |
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"Golden |
Golden-Yellow/Yellow
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3 x 6 |
Dark Green linear leaves |
Narcissus bulbocodium Golden Bells Group is a particularly vigorous and reliable selection of this species, with golden yellow flared trumpet flowers. |
There is one important difference in the two strains, however. Golden Bells blooms later than our patch of regular Narcissus bulbocodium. Our wild patch is veritably a winter bloomer at their height of blossom throughout March, whereas "Golden Bells" is in at its height of flower in April. If this were the one & only distinguishing feature, that would be enough to justify having two otherwise identical strains, for between the two, this means hoopskirts are flowering a long while, eight to nine weeks combined. |
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subsp. |
Yellow/Yellow
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6 x 4 |
Narrow, prostrate dark Green leaves |
"Rarely offered this tetraploid form from southern Portugal has narrow, prostrate leaves and short stems with large flowers of bright golden yellow. Reputed to do well in limey soils, however all of our Narcissus grow in slightly limey soils here." from Rare Plants. |
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pseudo-narcissus |
Creamy-White/Yellow
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12 x 8 |
Mid-Green |
Very variable bulbous wildflower, erect, strap-shaped, usually glaucous, mid-green leaves and flowers with yellow trumpets surrounded by narrow, twisted, creamy perianth segments, but can vary from white to deep yellow. Early spring flowering and leaves usually die back by mid-summer. Good for naturalising in grass or woodland. |
It seems to have been in decline since the 1930s, although why no-one seems sure. Like the Common Bluebell, as a woodland plant they require shade in the summer. Daffodils don't seem to be much visited by honey bees, but are more usually pollinated by bumblebees. All parts of the daffodil are poisonous. |
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Cream/Yellow
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12 x 8 |
Mid-Green |
Early spring bulb with erect, strap-shaped leaves and nodding flowers with yellow trumpets surrounded by twisted, cream perianth segments. Good for naturalising |
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Narcissus - Division 11: |
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'Cassata' 11aW-Y |
White/Lemon-Yellow
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16 x 6 |
Dark Green |
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Unusual flowers in mid-spring, the pure white perianth segments being nearly covered by the flattened corona segments which are lemon yellow at first, ageing to white. |
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Narcissus - Division 11: |
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'Broadway |
White/Orange stripe
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16 x 8 |
Dark Green |
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White flowers with an bold orange stripe on the segments of the split corona, which lie flat against the perianth, making a an irregular star shape. Mid spring flowering. |
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Narcissus - Division 12: |
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Narcissus - Division 13: |
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asturiensis |
Fading Yellow/ |
4 x 4 |
Glaucous Mid-Green |
Wonderful in miniature bulb gardens and small containers. This tiny daffodil can easily be forced and is a good candidate for unusual small containers such as tea cups and miniature strawberry pots. It grows best in sandy, peaty soil which is not allowed to completely dry out in summer. Prefers full sun. Protect from slugs. |
This is a threatened species in the wild, but it is amenable to cultivation. It can be grown as a cold hardy garden plant, needing vernalization (a period of cold weather) in order to flower. As a garden plant, it will bloom in late January or early February at low altitudes. |
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bulbocodium 13Y-Y |
Yellow/Golden-Yellow
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8 x 4 |
Slender, semi-cylindrical and dark green 4-16 inches (10-40cm) long |
The "hoop-petticoat daffodil". This earliest and tiniest dwarf gem with golden conical cup-flowers, and narrow pointed petals, thrives on the hottest of rockeries and will do well and even self-seed in moist turf rather like cylamen do. |
It makes a striking specimen plant for an alpine display house or cool glasshouse. Blooms can last up to two to three weeks, adding cheerfulness to overcast winter days. It is suitable for naturalising in damp, rough grass that dries out in summer. |
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cyclamineus 13Y-Y |
Yellow/Yellow
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6 x 6 |
Dark Green |
Instantly recognisable by it's bright yellow pendent flowers with sharply reflexed petals Narcissus Cyclamineus is equally at home in the garden or a pot. |
My potting mix of 50% multipurpose and 50% sand would seem to be a contradiction to the heavier soils it inhabits in the wild but this mix produces excellent root growth. High potash feeds make for reliable flowering, and it appreciates a dryish rest throughout the summer. The small bulbs increase well although if seed raised, a 4/5 year wait is required until the first flowering. |
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obvallaris |
Yellow/Yellow
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12 x 6 |
Mid-Green |
Sturdy species with erect mid-green leaves and neat golden yellow flowers on stiff stems in early spring. Good for naturalising. |
This is the variety that grows wild in South Wales, and is described as having perfect proportions. It has an all yellow flower and is extremely hardy. It is ideal for planting into rough grass or meadows where it will spread when left undisturbed. The tidy appearance makes it equally good for beds and borders throughout the garden and could even be used in pots and windowboxes. Goes well with Athyrium filix-femina, Viola odorata and Helleborus argutfolius. |
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poeticus var |
White/Green eye-zone, Yellow mid-zone, Red-Orange rim
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8-12 x 6 (20-30 x 15) |
Narrow, erect, strap-shaped, channelled Dark Green leaves. |
Solitary, scented flowers in late spring, with flat, pure white perianth segments and very small yellow cups edged with red-orange. Good for naturalising. |
Narcissus poeticus var. physaloides JMH.8217 ~ The name – which loosely translates as Chinese lantern poet's narcissus – is not a botanical hoax, but rather a reference to this variety's intriguingly inflated buds. Of perhaps greater interest to gardeners, though, is that they open into one or sometimes two alabaster-white, 2-1/2-inch-wide flowers, bearing the small, red-rimmed corona and the intense fragrance for which the species is renowned. More compact (8 to 12 inches tall) than commonly cultivated forms, it shares their May bloom and their preference for moist soil and partial shade. Maritime/Mediterranean; S France. Zone 5. |
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Functional combinations in the border from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland:- "Here is a list of the perennials shown by research to be the best plants to accompany various flower bulbs. The flower bulbs were tested over a period of years in several perennial borders that had been established for at least three years.
In combination with narcissi:
For narcissi, the choice was difficult to make. The list contains only some of the perennials that are very suitable for combining with narcissi. In other words, narcissi can easily compete with perennials. |
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Ivydene Gardens Bulb, Corm, Rhizome and Tuber Gallery: The Header Row below is the same as the Header Row for the 1000 Ground Cover A, of Plants Topic. The same process as above will occur for each relevant plant within each of these galleries:-
Its index entry will be transferred and flower or foliage thumbnail will be compared per month in its relevant gallery:-
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Plant Name Major source of honey in the UK Yes/No |
Type The key ingredients a bird needs from your garden are |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) Spacing distance between plants of same species in inches (cms) |
Foliage Some poisonous deciduous trees are indicated, but there are others in Cultivated Poisonous Plants and |
Flower Colour in Month(s). Use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected bulb or deter its pests |
Comments and Use United States Department of Agriculture Pruning of |
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An Obituary printed in the London Times -
Today we mourn the passing of a beloved old friend, Common Sense, who has been with us for many years. No one knows for sure how old he was, since his birth records were long ago lost in bureaucratic red tape. He will be remembered as having cultivated such valuable lessons as: Common Sense lived by simple, sound financial policies (don't spend more than you can earn) and reliable strategies (adults, not children, are in charge). His health began to deteriorate rapidly when well-intentioned but overbearing regulations were set in place. Reports of a 6-year-old boy charged with sexual harassment for kissing a classmate; teens suspended from school for using mouthwash after lunch; and a teacher fired for reprimanding an unruly student, only worsened his condition. Common Sense lost ground when parents attacked teachers for doing the job that they themselves had failed to do in disciplining their unruly children. It declined even further when schools were required to get parental consent to administer sun lotion or an aspirin to a student. Common Sense lost the will to live as the churches became businesses; and criminals received better treatment than their victims. Common Sense took a beating when you couldn't defend yourself from a burglar in your own home and the burglar could sue you for assault. Common Sense finally gave up the will to live, after a woman failed to realize that a steaming cup of coffee was hot. She spilled a little in her lap, and was promptly awarded a huge settlement. Common Sense was preceeded in death, by his parents, Truth and Trust, by his wife, Discretion, by his daughter, Responsibility, and by his son, Reason. He is survived by his 4 stepbrothers: I Know My Rights Not many attended his funeral because so few realized he was gone. If you still remember him, pass this on. If not, join the majority.
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Starting in February 2023 all the bulbs compared in this gallery of BULB PLANT GALLERY are being copied to the PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY comparison pages with Bulb and their use added to the text box below the thumbnail. The PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY will eventually compare every plant in this website in its respective colour and month(s) - it has the same heights as in the BULB PLANT GALLERY with this addition Black = |
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PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES FOLIAGE COLOUR FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
EVERGREEN PERENNIAL GALLERY PAGES Site Map of pages with content (o) Introduction |
PLANT USE AND FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY |
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Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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then in February 2023, I am continuing to insert all the 1000 Groundcover Plants as indicated by followed by continuing to insert all the plants with flowers from Camera Photo Galleries as indicated by Next, I will continue to insert all the plants planted in chalk as indicated by then the following plants shall be added from
finally the above plants shall be compared in the Wildflower Shape Gallery - |
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Evergreen Perennials Height from Text Border in this Gallery |
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Brown = |
Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
Black = |
Evergreen Perennials Soil Moisture from Text Background in this Gallery |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
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Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June). |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||
Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
|
Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
|
Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
|
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
||
Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Plants used by the Butterflies |
||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
||
When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden. Follow the links below to explore our show gardens, and when you visit, be sure to pick up a copy of our Wildlife Gardening Trail guide
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Disc - Many daisies are easy to grow and very free-flowering. The typical colour contrast between the disc and the surrounding rays creates a lively effect 
Floret is a small or reduced flower, especially 1 of a cluster in a composite flower - such as the florets of a sunflower (The very small flowers in a ring inside the yellow petals of 
