Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill2 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill2 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Comments |
A plant of first-class merit, suggested as 'First Choices' Adjacent Planting |
Plant Associations It is sad to reflect that in England so few gardens open to the public label their plants or label them so that the label is visible when that plant is in flower, so that visitors can identify; and then later locate and purchase that plant. Few mail-order nurseries provide the detail as shown in my rose or heather galleries. If you want to sell a product, it is best to display it. When I sold my Transit van, I removed its signage, cleaned it and took photos of the inside and outside before putting them onto an advert in Autotrader amongst more than 2000 other Transit vans - it was sold in 20 minutes. If mail-order nurseries could put photos to the same complexity from start of the year to its end with the different foliage colours and stages of flowering on Wikimedia Commons, then the world could view the plant before buying it, and idiots like me would have valid material to work with. I have been in the trade (until ill health forced my Sole Trader retirement in 2013) working in designing, constructing and maintaining private gardens for decades and since 2005 when this site was started, I have asked any nursery in the world to supply photos. R.V. Roger in Yorkshire allowed me to use his photos from his website in 2007 and when I got a camera to spend 5 days in July 2014 at my expense taking photos of his roses growing in his nursery field, whilst his staff was propagating them. I gave him a copy of those photos. |
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Botanical Plant Name |
Exposure |
Flower Colour and |
Height in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Soil Preference |
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Alpines for Dry Shady Walls |
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Asplenium trichomanes (Maidenhair Spleenwort, Common Spleenwort is a member of the Wildflower Polypody Family) Supplier in UK |
Part Shade |
...... |
4 (10) |
Moist but well-drained |
F E |
Cultivation of hardy species - These should be grown in a soil containing equal parts of peat, loam, leaf-mould and sand, and old mortar rubble. Scale, Wall-rue and Maidenhair Spleenwort can be grown on old walls. The Lady Fern likes moist, shady borders. The other species can be grown on ordinary rock gardens. All can be propagated by spores sown in sandy peat, any time when they are available, and also by division of the roots in April. |
Culture - Compost: equal parts loam, peat, leaf-mould and sand. Repot, spring. Shady position. A small and beautiful semi evergreen fern often found growing in walls where it will slowly form a thick colony. Tolerant of full sun and very dry conditions once established. |
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Calceolaria biflora (Lady's Purse, Slipper Flower) |
Part Shade |
Golden yellow pouch flowers marked with tiny red spots, with 2 flowers on each stem, hence the name bi-flora. |
10 (25) |
Moist but well-drained soil, especially a rock garden alpine trough, or gravel scree. Prefers lightly shaded conditions and slightly moist soil that doesn't dry out. |
Treat as annual although it is a tender perennial |
Seed freely set, save July and August, store until December, sow peaty seed soil, prick out into same mixture in February, pot when they are growing fast, ready to plant May. Seed, and plants need a minimum of 45 degrees Fahrenheit (7 degrees Celsius) to grow well. A good plant for a moist position in semi-shade, pot stocks need a peat plunge through the summer. |
There are other calceolaria used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Calceolaria biflora - From Teno Lake on the Chile-Argentine border. A species of the southern Andes. By Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada via Wikimedia Commons. |
Calceolaria darwinii (Darwin's Slipper Flower, Calceolaria uniflora) |
Chile and Argentina, in southern Patagonia and Fuegia, in coastal and riverine sands and rocks, clearings in scrubland, peaty alpine fescue moorland, feldmark, clifftops and steppe, often in very exposed, well-drained sites from sea level to 1200m. Well-ventilated conditions avoiding sun-scorch or undue air stagnation, or winter damp are imperative in cultivation. Alpine house cultivation and acid leafmould compost give the best options. |
The flowers are a compound of yellow, white and brownish red. |
4 (10) |
The plant comes from the southernmost tip of South America, not far from Antarctica. The climate there is cool all year. I recommend growing it at temperatures between 30 and 70 or 75 degrees F (-1 to 23°C), with a drop in temperature at night. I have no information on how it will fare outside that temperature range. It grows well in a small pot in rich, well-draining soil, such as half potting soil and half sand. The plants have a shallow root system and should be kept from drying out. They prefer mostly sunny conditions, but protect them from strong afternoon sun. |
P E |
Sow in February in 3.5 inch (8.75 cms) pots, with about quarter of the pot full of crocks, and a mixture of 2 parts loam, 2 leafmould, 1 crushed tufa and 1 of sharp sand, the loam and leafmould sterilised to kill the weeds, but at least 5 weeks before, to let the bacteria steady down. The seed should go on the damp surface of the soil very thinly, after the pan has been soaked, and stood in a cool green-house. Watch for the roots, using a good lens, and as soon as the radicle appears, sift a thin covering of fine sand over the surface, after this the pan can be watered in the normal way but only if it gets dry. The seedlings can be moved to a cold frame in April, giving a further sifting of sand when they have got the true leaves showing. Once they are up do not get water on the foliage, water gently from the lip of the pan; an ordinary spoted tea-pot is ideal, failing a florist's watering can. |
C. darwinii, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Matfoliage, with single pouched flowers, orange-maroon, with white band, June. |
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Calceolaria polyrrhiza (Calceolaria acutifolia) Supplier in UK At the Slack Top Alpine Nursery we have a beautiful naturalistic alpine garden, begun in 1980 and spanning a quarter acre, which is probably one of the best in the UK. It has lovely setting overlooking the moors, and features rock and scree beds, a 100ft planted wall, ponds, large crevice bed, containers and troughs. The Nursery and Garden are open from 10am-5pm on Friday, Saturday and Sunday from March to the end of August. |
Full Sun, |
Bright yellow, purple spotted flowers Jun-Oct |
6-8 (15-20) |
Well-drained, Acidic ,Sandy, Humus-rich, Semi-moist. Dislikes wet conditions in winter. |
P E |
Divide March or April according to season, when the plant begins to make new growth. Plant direct or pot peaty soil. Pot stocks should be kept in peat plunge as they must not get dry during the growing period. Seed if available should be sown in January in peaty soil in a cool green-house. |
C. polyrrhiza, 6 inches (15 cms) high. Bright yellow, purple spotted flowers, June, July. this and C. darwinii are best for sheltered gardens. |
Calceolaria polyrrhiza - Known in Patagonian Argentina as Zapatito. By Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada via Wikimedia Commons. |
Cardamine trifolia (Three-leaf Cardamine) |
Light, open, dappled, or deep shade |
White Mar-Apr |
0-6 (0-15) |
Moist soil in Border or Rock Garden |
P E |
Sow February, ready to pot peaty soil April, plant September or spring. Division also in July, ready to plant spring, or can be replanted direct. Evergreen groundcover. Once Cardamine trifolia is established it will tolerate drought conditions and dry shade. |
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Cardamine trifolia, Tscheppaschlucht, Karawanken, Carinthia. By Griensteidl via Wikimedia Commons. |
Cortusa matthioli (Primula matthioli, Alpine Bells) |
Part Shade |
Purple bells Mar |
6-9 (15-23) |
In the wild it grows in moist damp woodlands and mountain meadows in north eastern Europe, where it produces attractive clumps of jagged-edged leaves and self-seeds readily. It will do the same in the garden provided it has shade and good damp organic soil to grow in. |
P H |
Sow peaty mixture in March, pot normal soil, ready to plant September. Can also be sown in August, to make plants by late spring. Division of roots in March, planting direct or potting. |
There are other primula used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery and over 2 pages in Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962.
Primula World was created in 2000 by Pam Eveleigh. The heart of the website is the Species Gallery which shows several thousand images of Primula species, relevant links to herbarium specimens and notes. The Home Page Blog documents the various sources of information and tidbits of information gleaned in the search for the exact definition of each species. |
Italiano: Cortusa_matthioli (Cortusa di Matthioli) Località "Giardino Botanico delle Alpi Orientali", Monte Faverghera (BL), 1500 m s.l.m. By Enrico Blasutto via Wikimedia Commons. |
Epimedium (yin yang huo (Chinese: 淫羊藿)) Supplier in UK |
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E. alpinum. Divide September, or April, pot leafy soil, ready for planting 4 to 8 weeks. Shade-loving plants for leafy soils. E. grandiflorum violaceum, x E. rubrum, x E. versicolor sulphueum, x E. Youngianum niveum. Increase as above. |
Alpine rhizomatous herbs, attractive for their foliage and panicles of flowers appearing in May to June. Appreciate shade, well-drained, humus-rich soil. Propagated by division, September. |
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Supplier in UK |
Haberlea rhodopensis details. Part Shade |
Violet-blue June |
6 (15) |
Stemless, evergreen perennial found in north-facing rocky habitats in moist, well-drained soil |
P E A good plant for a wall in shady conditions. |
This genus which closely resembles Ramonda is most easily increased from seed, which is gathered when ripe and sown 14 days afterwards. This period seems necessary for the seed to accustom itself to separate existence, unlike other plants such as Lewisias and some Primulas which need to be sown when still sticky from the pod. Use a mixture of 2 parts each leafmould and loam, 1 part each peat, sand and crushed pot, sterilising all but the last 2 ingredients. Keep the pan in a cold frame through the winter, preventing it from becoming utterly dry, but avoiding over-watering. In January bring into a temperature of 50 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 13 degrees Celsius) and the seedlings will be up in a few weeks and will never look back (I must admit I did not know that seedlings knew front and back!). Earlier germination is not desired, as the seedlings may vanish in the winter. Pot in Kew No. 1 (see below) or standard leafy, with an additional part of crock chips, when the seedlings have become definite small four- to six-leaved rosettes. They will be ready to plant the following September or spring, grow on in a shady frame. |
A genus of 2 tufted alpines, allied to Ramonda, which are invaluable for shade and a north aspect, planted in crevices between stones, with well-drained soil, enriched with peat or leaf-mould. Propagated by division after flowering. H. ferdinandi-coburgi, 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) high. Basal rosette of deep green leaves, with stems bearing clusters of tubular open flowers of lavender to lilac, May-June. H. rhodopensis, 4 inches (10 cms) high. Similar to above, but smaller, with flowers of rosy-lilac, May-June. Var. virginalis is a good pure white form.
There are other haberlea used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Haberlea rhodopensis (syn. H. ferdinandi-coburgi), Gesneriaceae, habitus; Botanical Garden KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany. By H. Zell via Wikimedia Commons. |
Hutchinsia (Hornungia alpina, Alpine Cress) Supplier of Hutchinsia alpina in UK |
Full sunlight (cool areas) through to full shade (warm areas). |
White Apr-Jul |
12 (30) |
Good drainage. Soil pH 6.0 to 7.5. Moist soil. Provide a mulch to maintain soil moisture and to keep the soil cool. Regular watering during dry periods. |
P |
H. alpina. Divide March, April, plant direct or pot normal soil. Seed sown June makes plants by spring. Carpeter, paving and bulb cover. |
H. alpina, 2 inches (5 cms) high. Tufted evergreen perennial, with feathery deep green leaves, covered with small white flowers in clusters, May to July. Sun or partial shade, any well-drained soil. Propagated by seed. H. auerswaldii, 3-6 inches (7.5-15 cms) high, is very similar but somewhat larger, and needs similar culture. |
Hornungia alpina - Pritzelago alpina subsp. alpina', Traunstein, Upper Austria, Austria. By Tigerente via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Supplier in Germany |
Full Sun, |
Blue Aug-Sep |
12 (30) |
Fertile moist but not wet well-drained soil. Found in Eastern North America in moist woodlands and swamps. |
P H |
Divide March, small offsets, plant direct or pot, leafy soil. Seed January. Needs winter protection in cold districts, a few potted in September, and kept in a cold frame till spring preserves the stock. Appreciates a moist position. |
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Lobelia siphilitica, Campanulaceae, Great Blue Lobelia, habitus. The whole, fresh plant is used in homeopathy as remedy: Lobelia siphilitica (Lob-s.). By H. Zell via Wikimedia Commons. |
Mertensia echioides (Pseudo-mertensia echioides, Chinese Bluebells) Supplier in Germany Mertensia genus description by North American Rock Garden Society. |
Full Sun, |
Deep Blue May-Jun |
4-8 (10-20) |
Native of mountain meadows and open spots in woods in China. Easily grown in any humus rich, well drained, always slightly moist soil in full sun. |
P E |
Divide July. Plant direct or pot peaty soil. "Plant on the north-east side of the rock garden, where there is shelter from both the south sun and north wind, but open to the morning sun up to 10 o'clock, in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand in equal quantities. In spring, top-dress with leaf-mould and sand. Protect against slugs and snails with a zinc hoop or by a sprinkling of steel-turnings around the collar of the plant" from Page 78 of Alpine Plants, a practical manual for their culture by W.A. Clark. Published in 1907. |
M. echioides, 6-9 inches (15-22.5 cms) high. Low-growing with soft, hairy, green foliage, with dark blue flowers in sprays, June-July. Excellent for shade, free-draining soil. Propagated by division, August-September. There are other mertensia used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Mertensia echioides. Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber via Wikimedia Commons. |
Omphalodes cappadocica (Blue-eyed Mary) |
Part Shade, |
Bright Blue with white eyes Mar-Jul |
10 (25) |
Navel-seed is a true perennial, and will last in the garden for many years, sometimes self seeding lightly. They are happiest in a rich, moist woodland setting, the dense mounds of deep green leaves are useful among shrubs, or in the rock garden. |
P E |
Divide July. Plant direct or pot peaty soil. |
Valuable for shade or cool positions, well-drained soil. This plant is valued in cultivation as groundcover for moist, shady situations, such as woodland plantings. O. cappadocica, 6 inches (15 cms) high. Tufted cordate green leaves from a rhizomatous root, with erect stems of forget-me-not-like blue flowers in loose racemes in June-August. Good for walls. Propagated by division in March. O. luciliae, 3-6 inches (7.5-15 cms) high. Pearl-grey foliage, large lavender-blue flowers, June-August, with a white form, alba. Propagated by seed or division, August. There is another omphalodes used as an alpine in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Photo of Omphalodes cappadocica at the University of California Botanical Garden. By Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons. |
Ourisia macrophylla (Mountain Foxglove) This plant is further detailed by the Hebe Society - Although initially formed for those interested in hebes, the Society now supports the cultivation and conservation of all New Zealand plants. |
This lovely plant is breathtaking in light shade in a moist spot when it will slowly spread to form a succulent carpet. |
White May-Jul |
15 (38) |
New Zealand; North Island, in damp places usually in the mountains or hills. |
P H |
Like the better-known species, this plant has creeping rhizomatous stems, branches thickened for food-storage purposes, but they are much thicker and more like true rhizomes than those of O. elegans or O. coccinea. They thrust out vigourously from the plant at ground level, rooting down firmly at every joint and even along the stem. In September, sections of these rhizomes 2 inches (5 cms) long, each with a growing point, are sliced off and either replanted direct in the bed of peat, sand and loam in which the plant grows best, or potted in 54s or 48s of standard leafy mixture (see below). The rhizome should sit on the surface of the soil with the upper part exposed. |
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Ourisia macrophylla, Plantaginaceae - . By 1910 Curtis's Botanical Magazine, London., vol. 136 [= ser. 4, vol. 6]: Tab. 8295 - [1]via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Supplier in France - Barnhaven Primroses - the world-renowned hardy primrose specialists. |
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There are many pages about Primulas and their different propagation in The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950. Sowing the seeds, |
There are other primula used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Pulmonaria angustifolia (Narrow-leaved lungwort, blue cowslip) and varieties
It contains several potentially toxic substances which could harm your feline companion if it eats them or rubs against the leaves. |
It is used for groundcover in moist soil with dappled shade. |
Bright Blue tinged in pink Mar-Apr |
12 (30) |
Shady woodland |
P H |
Divide September or plant direct in normal soil. Seed March or April, ready to plant following September. |
Pulmonaria is a useful genus of hardy herbaceous perennials with hairy, white-spotted leaves that form dense tufts. They are useful for making pretty groups in shady woodland or for the mixed border. Increase by division or cuttings in spring or autumn and plant out in these seasons in permanent position in ordinary light rich garden soil. P. angustifolia, of dwarfish habit with pretty violet-blue flowers in April and May, 9-inches (22.5 cms), and its bluer variety azurea. |
Čeština: Dětaňský chlum (přírodní rezervace) - brzké jaro - Pulmonaria angustifolia L., plicník úzkolistý - status ohrožení v ČR: C2 (silně ohrožený). By Atriplexmedia via Wikimedia Commons. |
Ramonda Supplier in UK |
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Evergreen perennials which form rosettes of crinkly leaves with nearly actinomorphic flowers, borne on leafless stems in spring |
The easiest method of increase for all Ramondas, when stock is available, is from leaf cuttings; these are detached in June or July by pulling the leaves firmly downwards in order to secure the portion of the leaf that clasps the central stem. It is easiest to get the dormant bud, which may be only a depression between the hairs in the centre of this sheath, for if the leaf is removed without the clasping portion, it may root, but will produce no growing point. |
Very beautiful alpines when happily planted in the right place, preferably in shade and in north-facing rock crevices, so set that their leaves are on rock and not the soil, with well-drained peaty soil in which to root. Propagated by division, September, but plants from seed, sown when fresh, may be slow. R. myconi (R. pyrenaica), 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. A rosette of dark green, crinkly hairy leaves, with lilac-purple, lavender, pink or white, golden-centred, flowers on short stems, in May-June. Flower colour may be variable in seedling plants, but there are var. alba, white, and rosea, a lovely rose-pink. R. nathaliae, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high, is similar but with bright glossy green leaves, and 4-parted, smaller but more numerous flowers, varying lavender, pink to white. There are other ramonda used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Ramonda myconi. By Ghislain118 via Wikimedia Commons. |
Synthyris missurica var. stellata Supplier in UK |
Part Shade |
Violet-blue Mar |
6 (15) |
Moist, humus-rich soil |
P H |
Divide September or March, pot or plant direct normal soil. |
Ideal for a wild flower or naturalistic area or in any shady border or rockery. Ideal in woodland situations or planted under shrubs. There is another synthyris used as and alpine in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Thalictrum kiusianum (Dwarf Meadow-rue) kiusanum is derived from Kyoshu (southernmost of the four main Japanese islands) where this plant is native. Other features: Grows well in Ballyrobert - since Paul does everything and his sister does nothing, then I wonder what expense would be involved in owning that section of Ballyrobert Gardens where this plant grows well, since it might not grow well if it was bought and removed elsewhere! |
Happiest in a lightly shaded rock garden, away from the competition of tree roots. |
Mauve/ Lilac Jun-Aug |
4-6 (10-15) |
Moist well-drained |
P H |
Divide March. Plant direct or pot in peaty soil. Shade-loving plants that go dormant in winter. Aso seed in February, sow peaty soil and with coal-dust. Well suited to growing in mixed containers, or alpine troughs. Water during summer drought. Easily divided in early spring, every 3 to 4 years. Small area ground cover for moist and shaded areas of rock gardens. Path edger. Spilling over walls. |
T. kiusianum, 4-6 inches (10-15 cms) high. A charming herbaceous tuberous tooted perennial, with elegant, lobed, ferny foliage, and loose corymbs of rose-purple flowers, May-June. Partial shade. Well-drained, humus-rich soil. Propagated by division in March. There are thalictrum used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
日本語: ツクシカラマツ Place:Osaka Prefectural Flower Garden,Osaka,Japan. By KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Viola Jokes from education subsection of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Today's spotlight (Thursday 5 January 2017) on Water Supply Chain , where MIT alum’s website helps companies find, ship, and recycle water, reducing environmental impact (I wonder if MIT is aware that removing water from one area to another increases not decreases the environmental impact on the area where that water came from). I must apogise, this has nothing to do with informing you about Viola plants. |
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There are many pages about Violas and their different propagation in The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950. In horticulture the term "pansy" is normally used for those multi-coloured, large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding. The terms "viola" and "violet" are normally reserved for small-flowered annuals or perennials, including the species. Culture - Violas grow well in any good garden soil, but amply repay a little special attention. Having grown them for over 30 years, the writer's advice (Mr. Middleton's Garden Book by Daily Express Publication, reprinted 1941 ) is to prepare the beds thoroughly in the autumn and plant early in March. In some districts where the soil is free and well drained, autumn planting can be carried out with success, especially with the hardier bedding varieties. In a very free or sandy soil, such as exists in the Royal Horticultural Society's gardens in Surrey, beds for violas want special preparation to get first-class results. Some 4-inches (10 cms) of the top soil should be tempoarily removed from the beds, and a layer 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cms) thick of old cow dung spread on the surface and forked in, after which the temporarily removed soil may be replaced. The roots soon go down and get hold of the manure, after which they grow amazingly. So much for a very free soil. On a medium or heavy soil the manure need only be thoroughly dug into the top spit. The plants should be set out in lines 12 inches (30 cms) apart, allowing 8 inches (20 cms) between the plants. Propagation - Violas are the easiest things to propagate. A cold frame is best, but a shaded border does all right for the bedding varieties. In August or September young growths should be pulled out of the centres of the old plants - if a little piece or root is attached so much the better; if not, cut the growth cleanly across below the lowest joint. Dibble in sandy soil a few inches (cms) apart, and make very firm, sprinkling with water immediately, and later as required. In about 3 weeks they will have rooted. If in a frame with a sash over them, shade the glass with a little whitewash inside, and leave a little air on continuously. |
From a genus of over 400 species and many sub-species, most of which are of dwarf stature, selection must necessarily be somewhat arbitrary, and, here, is confined to those species and hybrids which are hardy, easy to grow, free-flowering and of some distinction for alpine gardening aims. Well-drained soils, enriched with leaf-mould or moist peat, and positions of good light, usually suit. Propagated by division, March or September, by cuttings, summer, or by seed, August. V. cornuta, 4-9 inches (10-22.5 cms) high. Easily grown, tufted evergreen mats of oval leaves, with violet-blue flowers, freely borne, May-October; var. alba has white flowers. V. gracilis, 4-6 inches (10-15 cms) high. Neat mats of deep green foliage, producing large, deep violet flowers prodigally, May to September; V. odorata, 4 inches (10 cms) high. Sweet Violet, is a tufted stemless plant, with heart- or kidney-shaped leaves, and the beloved sweet-scented deep violet flowers of early spring. There are many forms, and some of those which may be grown with justification in the rock garden are: V. saxatilis aetolica, 2 inches (5 cms) high. Prostrate miniature, with oval leaves, and small rich yellow flowers in May-June, for gritty soil, in the scree. Propagated and renewed best by seed, September. V. septentrionalis, 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cms) high. Useful for damp spots, bearing white, veined violet, flowers freely in spring, and often seeding itself.
There are other viola used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are alongside: |
Normal Alpine Soil, potting and planting |
Lime-Lover's Mixture |
Peaty Mixture |
Leafy Mixture |
Gritty Mixture |
Normal Seed Soil |
Peaty Seed Soil |
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Many of the species described do best in the soil mixtures used at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, they can either be used only for the particular plants for which they are recommended, or adopted in place of normal alpine soil and standard leaf-compost. Kew No 1 seed mixture can be used for all alpine seeds other than known lime-haters, woodland species, and others requiring large quantities of humus in the early stages. It is composed of:
Plants raised on this mixture should be potted in Kew No. 1 potting soil:
Kew No. 2 seed mixture is used where membership of the order Ericaceae, or the plant collector's notes, give indication of a lime-hating or woodland species:-
Kew No. 2 potting soil, for seeds raised in the compost alongside, is composed of:-
The crushed pot is a very valuable ingredient, as it adds the power of retaining moisture to its mechanical properties as a grit, it is smashed or ground by a machine, about as fine as a good cutting sand, that is particles from the size of a radish seed down to dust. It can also be bought from flower-pot makers, they usually sell it to firms who lay down hard tennis courts. It should not be confused with normal hard tennis court dressing which is smashed bricks, mainly under-baked, and without the necessary angular shape. |
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The New Illustrated Gardening Encyclopedia by Richard Sudell, printed before May 1935 for the plant names, followed by details for culture and propagation. Mr. Middleton's Garden Book by Daily Express Publication, reprinted 1941 for the individual cultivar names with evergreen/deciduous, flower colour, flower month and height. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Use in Bedding Out |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elabo-rated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
The Book of Bulbs by S. Arnott, F.R.H.S. Printed by |
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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