Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill3 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Use Description |
Pruning Training Average Height and spread 10 years 20 years Problems |
Similar Forms of Interest
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Helianthus annuus (Common Sunflower, Annual Sunflower, Sunflowers) |
The flower head is comprised of outer yellow ray florets, which serve to attract pollinators, and inner brownish disc florets which are fertile. Full Sun |
Jul-Aug |
36-120 x 18-36 |
Moist, well-drained |
Annuals for The Base |
Sunflower is pollinated by bees and some farmers place bee colonies in sunflower fields which produce honey as a by-product. Sunflower meal is sometimes used as a substitute for wheat flour in the baking of bread and cakes for human consumption. The indigenous people of North America have a long tradition of using ground sunflower seeds to make bread-like products. Easy to grow, branching habit so great for cut flowers. A charming flower for the youngsters to have a go at growing. |
Removal of browned and tattered plants from the garden after bloom may improve the appearance of the landscape, but is a great disappointment to local bird populations that love to feed on the seeds. Garden Uses |
Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae, Sonnenblume, Habitus; Stutensee, Germany. The ripe fruits are used in homeopathy as remedy: Helianthus annuus (Helia.). By H. Zell, via Wikimedia Commons |
Ipomoea tricolor Supplier in UK |
'Heavenly Blue' is Azure-blue, trumpet-shaped flowers, each with a white eye, open in the morning and last just one day, but appear in a continuous stream throughout the summer. Full Sun |
Jun-Sep |
120 x 80 |
Moderately fertile, well-drained soil |
Annuals for The Base |
Morning glory is a fast-growing, twining annual with heart-shaped light to mid-green leaves and vibrantly colored, funnel-shaped flowers to 3 inches across. Cultivars include
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This is a spectacular annual or short-lived perennial climber, that is ideal for training over a pergola or arch in a sunny, sheltered site. FOR POT PLANTS: Transplant in a soil-based compost to 20cm (8in) pots and grow in a cool, well ventilated position with shade from direct sun. CAUTION: Seeds are poisonous. |
Ipomoea tricolor heike 4. By Heike Loechel via Wikimedia Commons |
Lathyrus odoratus with 900 results from RHS The National Sweet Pea Society promotes knwledge and cultivation of Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet Peas) and other members of the Lathyrus family. |
Many flower colours Full Sun |
May-Aug |
71 x 12 |
Grow sweet peas in fertile, well-drained, humus-rich soil and in full sun or very light dappled shade. For best results, incorporate organic matter such as garden compost or well-rotted manure at least four weeks before planting and apply a mulch of Spent Mushroom Compost with matured Cow Manure to provide fertiliser throughout the growing season. After planting, water the plants well during dry spells. |
Annuals for The Base Ann Cl |
Sweet Pea 'Blue Shift' The astonishing colour-changing blooms of Sweet Pea 'Blue Shift' transform from light mauve to true blue as they mature. These extraordinary annuals make a spectacular display bearing different coloured blooms at the same time - flowers even change colour in the vase after cutting! Bred by renowned New Zealand Lathyrus breeder, Dr. Keith Hammett, this is a 'must have' for the sweet pea enthusiast. Height: 180cm (71"). Spread: 30cm (12"). Useful links: Ideal For: patio, walls and fences, cottage gardens, scented gardens, cut flower garden Flowering Period: May, June, July, August Sowing Months: March, April, October Position: full sun |
See Growing Sweet Peas page from The National Sweet Pea Society for further sowing details, or Join The National Sweet Pea Society and receive the Booklet "Enjoy Sweet Peas" Produced by the Society - Softback – 9th edition 2008 (sent free to new members). First written in 1946, this completely revised and illustrated 88 page booklet contains invaluable information on cultivation of the Sweet Pea. |
Lathyrus odoratus, Sweet Pea - Flower - Kerava, Finland. By Anneli Salo via Wikimedia Commons |
Lathyrus odoratus 'Beaujolais' Supplier in UK |
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72 x 18 |
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Annuals for The Base |
Flowers, which are so dark they almost look black, appear throughout the summer and gradually become a little paler, but still maintain a deep burgundy hue. The lower lip of the flower is a more distinct shade of purple, and these create a great contrast. Their bold colouring teams up well with lush purples and plums. |
Summer Bedding, |
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Thunbergia alata (Black-eyed Susan vine) Supplier in UK of Thunbergia alata 'Superstar Orange' |
Salmon, White, Yellow Full Sun, |
96 x 96 |
Provide moist, well-drained soil in full sun with some afternoon shade. In cooler zones, grow in a warm or temperate greenhouse or treat as annuals. |
Annuals for The Base Ann Cl H |
This tender perennial climber is evergreen in Zones 10 and warmer. Where grown as an annual, plants can reach 8 feet; when grown as a perennial, 20 feet. In warmer climates, grow perennial climbers along permanent structures and shrubs in mixed borders. A butterfly, Junonia ovithya, or the eyed pansy, and moths also visit these plants to lay eggs, for the larvae eat the leaves. Hence this creeper, being attractive to insects, helps bring birds into a garden. Birds also often nest in the thickly tangled stems. |
Use in Trellises, arbors, fences or other structures around the home. Also effective in hanging baskets where the vine can twist around the basket supports or in patio containers with a small trellis or obelisk burried in the container. Soak Black-Eyed Susan Vine seed in water for 12 hours, then sow in 2 in. pots or cell packs, press into soil and completely cover. Kept at 75-80°F., germination is in 14-21 days. Transplant seedlings into the garden 12-18 in. apart, after all danger of frost. |
Thunbergia alata. By I, KENPEI, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Tropaeolum majus (Garden Nasturtium, Indian cress, monks cress) Supplier in UK |
Summer Bedding plant whose flower colour varies from yellow to orange to red, frilled and often darker at the base of the petals Full Sun |
Jun-Sep |
18-30 |
Well-drained sandy soil |
Annuals for The Base Ann Cl H
It is listed as invasive in several areas, including Hawaii, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand. |
68 results from Royal Horticultural Society. Das Elisabeth Linné-Phänomen, or the Elizabeth Linnæus Phenomenon, is the name given to the phenomenon of "Flashing Flowers". Especially at dusk, the orange flowers may appear to emit small "flashes". Once believed to be an electrical phenomenon, it is today thought to be an optical reaction in the human eye caused by the contrast between the orange flowers and the surrounding green. The phenomenon is named after Elisabeth Christina von Linné, one of Carl Linnaeus's daughters, who discovered it at age 19. |
All its parts are edible. The flower has most often been consumed, making for an especially ornamental salad ingredient; it has a slightly peppery taste reminiscent of watercress, and is also used in stir fry. The flowers contain about 130 mg vitamin C per 100 grams (3.5 oz), about the same amount as is contained in parsley. Moreover, they contain up to 45 mg of lutein per 100 gr, which is the highest amount found in any edible plant. The unripe seed pods can be harvested and dropped into spiced vinegar to produce a condiment and garnish, sometimes used in place of capers. |
Tropaeolum majus, in a wild garden in Belgium. By Jamain, via Wikimedia Commons. Used by Hummingbirds and butterflies, as groundcover and in pots. |
Abelia chinensis Pruning. Thin crowded shoots after flowering and occasionally cut out an old branch to soil level. Propagate by half-ripe cuttings in July |
Produces fragrant funnel-shaped White, rose-tinted flowers in terminal panicles. Flowers are 5mm (¼in) long with 5-lobed calyces. Its pink sepals remain long after flowering.
Flowers on new growth. |
Jul-Oct Supplier of Abelia chinensis 'Ruby Anniversary' green deciduous foliage, Spreading, Space plants 60 inches (150 cms) apart when planting together |
60 x 96 Fragrant Use - As a deciduous flowering, fan-trained wall shrub, in a Container, as a Cut Flower and use for Screening |
It has reddish stems and oval, glossy, dark-green leaves to 4cm (1½in) long, that become reddish-brown before autumn.
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Sh D Any Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Fertile, well-drained chalky soil STAGE 3 |
Use - As a deciduous flowering, fan-trained wall shrub, in a Container, as a Cut Flower and use for Screening Hardy in most places throughout the UK even in severe winters. May not withstand open/exposed sites or central/northern locations. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -15°C (5°F). Full Sun - shelter from cold drying winds. |
Pruning - On established shrubs, remove one third pf the oldest shoots each year in early spring to encourage new flowering shoots. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. |
Abelia chinensis - taller growing with fragrant, rose-tinted flowers, Jul-Oct. |
Abelia floribunda is Mexican |
Produces pendent, tubular cherry-red flowers 3-5cm (1¼-2in) long with 5-lobed calyces in profuse terminal panicles. |
Jul-Sep |
120 x 144 |
Tall Shrub - arching shoots with evergreen oval, glossy, dark-green leaves to 5cm (2in) long. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Fertile, well-drained soil |
Use - As a evergreen flowering, fan-trained wall shrub. Will grow taller if trained against a wall. May suffer foliage damage and stem dieback in harsh winters in cold gardens. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -10°C (14°F). Full Sun - shelter from cold drying winds. |
Pruning - On established shrubs, remove one third pf the oldest shoots each year in early spring to encourage new flowering shoots. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. |
Abelia floribunda - cherry-red flowers 2 inches (5 cms) long, borne in Jul-Sep. Slightly tender in most areas so fan-train on a sun-facing wall. |
Abelia x grandiflora is Glassy Abelia |
Fragrant pink and white, small to medium-sized, hanging, bell-shaped flowers borne in small clusters on wood 2-3 years old or more. |
84 x 84 |
Olive-green with red shading. Moist |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh Semi-Evergreen Any Soil, but new growth less vigorous on dry soils. |
Use - As a semi-evergreen flowering, fan-trained wall shrub and grow in patio containers using soil based compost such as John Innes No.3. Foliage - Leaves 1-2.5 inches (2.5-6 cms) long, ovate, pointed, olive-green with red shading. May fall from late autumn or be retained into early spring following mild winter. Stem - Light green with brown shading. Upright when young, becoming more branching in second and third year and darker brown. New shoots grow from base up through the older framework. By pruning and tying-in a fan-shaped effect can be achieved. Medium rate of growth. Fruit - Small, translucent seeds in clusters. Plants in the Abelia genus are extremely attractive to bees. |
Pruning - On established shrubs, remove one third pf the oldest shoots each year in early spring to encourage new flowering shoots. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread - Problems - May appear weak when purchased but once planted grows quickly. Wood can be extremely brittle so needs careful handling. |
Abelia chinensis - taller growing with fragrant, rose-tinted flowers, Jul-Oct. Abelia x 'Edward Goucher' - produces purple-pink trumpet flowers freely during Jul-Oct. Foliage grey/green. Abelia floribunda - cherry-red flowers 2 inches (5 cms) long, borne in Jul-Sep. Slightly tender in most areas so fan-train on a sun-facing wall. Abelia x grandiflora 'Francis Mason' - golden variegated leaf form, a shorter shrub and more tender than its parent, which can be used for informal hedging. Bears pale pink to white flowers with honey fragrance throughout Jul-Oct. Abelia schumanii - a less vigorous and more tender form, bearing lilac-pink flowers throughout Aug-Dec. Abelia triflora - scented pink-tinged white flowers borne in threes in June. Minimum winter temperature 23 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Centigrade) |
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Abutilon mega-potamicum is Flowering maple, Chinese Lantern, Parlour maple, Trailing abutilon |
Medium-sized, hanging, bell-shaped flowers with yellow petals, red calyx and purple anthers. "Flowers cooked. Used as a vegetable." from Useful Tropical Plants - The Useful Tropical Plants Database contians information on the edible, medicinal and many other uses of 11097 plants that can be grown in tropical regions) |
Jul-Sep |
84 x 84 |
Olive-green with purple/red shading and veins. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Any soil but does best on moist, rich types |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. In Australia it is suitable for informal hedges and can be grown in containers. Foliage - Leaves ovate, 2-4 inches (5-10 cms), with toothed edges. Olive-green with purple/red shading and veins. Stem - Light to mid brown, upright, slightly arching. Medium rate of growth. Fruit Insignificant. Hardy in coastal and relatively mild parts of the UK except in severe winters and a risk from sudden (early) frosts. May be hardy elsewhere with wall shelter or good micro-climate. Likely to be damaged or killed in cold winters. Plant can withstand temperatures down to -5°C (23°F). |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - A shrub of weak constitution and not fully hardy. Not the sort of plants to be grown outside where there are likely to be frosts. These plants need to be grown in a conservatory or cool greenhouse or at least brought inside for the winter - use loam-based compost (John Innes No. 2) and provide plenty of light. |
Abutilon megapotamicum 'Variegatum'. Golden variegated foliage, tender, tolerates no frost. Yellow flowers with red calyx and purple anthers. |
Abutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' , Corynabutilon vitifolium 'Tennant's White' |
Large, delicate white flowers |
May-Jul |
120-180 x |
Grey-green leaves. |
Use - As a deciduous wall shrub in warmer regions or for growing in conservatories. Foliage - Young shoots and foliage are covered with hair. |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs in early to mid spring. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to achieve a fan-trained shape. |
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Abutilon mega-potamicum (Large-leaved and Flowering Forms) |
Hanging, large, bell-shaped flowers up to 1.5 inches (4 cms) long and 1.5 inches (4 cms) wide. Wide range of colours including red, pink, yellow and apricot. |
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Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh D Moderately alkaline to acid, with adequate moisture and food content for rapid growth. |
Use - As a fan-trained wall shrub for walls and fences, or for growing in conservatories, both as a fan-shaped wall shrub or as a pillar. Foliage - Leaves oval, up to 5 inches (12 cms) long with toothed edges. Mid to olive-green in colour. Some yellow tints. Some variegated forms. Stem - Upright, becoming spreading. Vigorous, up to 60 inches (150 cms) of growth per year. Fruit - Insignificant. |
Pruning - Remove one third of old flowering wood on established shrubs to ground level in early to mid spring. Can be severely cut back to a stool in early spring if required and will quickly rejuvenate. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage a fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Always susceptible to damage by severe cold. |
Abutilon x milleri. Orange petals and crimson stamens in Apr-Sep. Very large dark green leaves. Abutilon x milleri 'Variegatum'. Orange petals, crimson stamens in Jul-Sep. Foliage splashed gold. Very tender. Abutilon 'Ashford Red'. Foliage apple green. Flowers deep red/pink in Jul-Oct. Tender. Abutilon 'Canary Bird'. Pure yellow flowers in Jul-Oct. Can flower all winter in a conservatory. Abutilon 'Cerise Queen'. Cerise flowers in Apr-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Hinton Seedling'. Vermilion flowers in Jul-Oct. Abutilon 'Louise Marignac'. Good pink flowers in Apr-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Nabob'. Crimson-red flowers in Jul-Oct. Less hardy. Abutilon 'Souvenir de Bonn'. Soft Apricot flowers in Year-round if temperatures are warm enough. |
Aloysia triphylla is Lemon Verbena, Lemon beebrush |
Tiny, white and pale lilac flowers |
108 x 108 |
Leaves - occasionally cooked as a spinach but more commonly used as a flavouring in salads, fruit salads. Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil. Habitats - Fields and roadsides. Open scrub. |
Base of Wall Plants for The Base and Sh D |
Use - As a fan-trained deciduous shrub on a South or West wall. The growing plant repels midges, flies and other insects. The essential oil is an effective insecticide in 1 - 2% concentration. |
Pruning - Any pruning is best carried out in the spring. Problems - Lemon verbena is not absolutely hardy, and in most areas is best planted in a safe, warm spot by The Base of Wall Plants for The Base where it will thrive; should it be damaged by severe weather, it can be cut back to sprout afresh. |
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Actinidia polygama is Silver Vine, Cat Powder |
Fragrant white flowers followed by Yellow fruit if both male and female plants are present. Succeeds in semi-shade but full sun is best for fruit production. |
Jun-Jul and the seeds ripen from Oct-Nov
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240 x |
The green leaves are ovate, 6" long, often variegated w/ white or pale yellow. Moist well-drained soil. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D |
Use - As a deciduous climber on south or west non-house walls and over shrubs and trees. Foliage - The leaves are hallucinogenic and sedative. The leaves contain substances that make them very attractive to cats and for this reason they are especially useful as a sedative for lions etc in zoos. When consumed in large quantities the leaves can have a mild hallucinatory effect. Fruit - raw or cooked. Not very palatable, it is eaten salted. Some cultivars have nice flavoured fruits. The fruit contains up to 5 times the vitamin C. of blackcurrants. |
Pruning - Best carried out in the winter. Problems - The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required) and are pollinated by bees, insects.The plant is not self-fertile. |
"Forest Gardening / Food Forests Design Course Learn how to design, implement and maintain a temperate forest garden or food forest, with frequent visits into our 22-year-old established forest garden." from The Agroforestry Research Trust is a non-profit making charity, registered in England, which researches into temperate agroforestry and into all aspects of plant cropping and uses, with a focus on tree, shrub and perennial crops. |
Albizia julibrissin is Pink Mimosa, Pink siris, Silk Tree 摄于北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden. By Shizhao, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Terminal clusters of flowerheads on long stalks, producing a mop-like cluster of pink stamens up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) across. Dense all-over flowering makes a spectacular effect. Requires a very sheltered aspect. Full sun to very light shade. |
The seeds are used as a food for livestock and by wildlife, and the sweet-scented flowers are a good nectar source for honeybees and butterflies. |
After 10 years - 192 x 192 (490 x 490) |
Its grey/green leaves slowly close during the night and during periods of rain, the leaflets bowing downward. |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs needing or responding Tr D Any soil types except dry. In the wild, the tree tends to grow in dry plains, sandy valleys, and uplands. |
Use - As a small fan-trained tree for large walls or for fan-training on conservatory walls. The broad crown of a mature tree makes it useful for providing dappled shade. Folage - Bipinnate leaves, 9-18 inches 923-45 cm) long. Each of the 6-12 branches of the pinnate leaf carries 20-30 pairs of small, oblong, grey/green leaflets. Stem - Grey-green, upright when young, quickly spreading. Medium rate of growth, slower in container. Fruit - Insignificant |
Pruning - Prune young trees hard in the spring following planting. Tie resulting 5 to 7 shoots into a a fan-trained shape. In subsequent year, remove all side growths back to 2 points from their origin and maintain original main branches in fan shape. Training - Will require fixing to wires or individual anchor points. Height/spread Problems - Often chosen because seen growing well in warm climates, but not adaptable to harsher conditions. |
Albizia julibrissin 'Rosea'. Smaller variety with bright pink flowers, reaching two-thirds average height and spread. It is often used for non-traditional bonsai. |
Ampelopsis breviped-unculata is Porcelain Berry, Amur Peppervine |
Yellow. Flowers on new growth, so this vine may be cut to the ground in late winter (optional) to control growth. Does well in all aspects. Light shade to full sun. |
Jun-Aug It is a major invasive plant species in parts of the Eastern United States. It is invasive in urban settings as well as in more pastoral settings. Porcelain berry is often found in disturbed areas such as roadsides, old fields, and floodplains where sunlight is abundant. Birds consume the seeds of porcelain berry and act as a vector to transport it. |
After 10 years - 156 x 156 (400 x 400) |
Deep Green It is one on the list of Current Research Organisms for Control in New Zealand |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Dislikes extremely wet, dry or poor cinditions. Does well on both acid or alkaline soil types. |
Use - Attractive autumn foliage climber to cover non-house walls, fences and pergolas; when used on the latter makes a good shade cover. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Three or five-lobed broadly ovate leaves, up to 6 inches (15 cm) long. Coarse texture. Downy undersides with pronounced veins often purple red in colour. Good yellow/orange autumn colour. Stem - Light to green/brown, becoming darker, twining in habit, may be self-clinging on old brick walls. Medium to fast growing. Fruit - Bright blue, grape-like in shape, 0.25-0.5 inches (5mm-1cm) wide. May require warm summers to fruit well. |
Pruning - Not normally required other than that needed for shaping, although in confined spaces can be cut hard back in spring without ill effect. Training - Tie young shoots to wires or wall fixings, normally becomes self-entwining and clinging on walls and fences or over pergolas. Height/spread Problems - Can become invasive in good conditions. In too deep shade can become open and lax in habit. In wet autumns may fail to produce good autumn colour. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
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Ampelopsis breviped-unculata 'Elegans' |
Small clusters of creamy white inconspicuous flowers. May in hot summers produce 0.375 inch (2 mm) wide clear blue berries with black spots. Requires a sheltered aspect. Light shade for preference, will tolerate full sun if adequate moisture is available; if not, scorching may be a problem. |
Jun-Jul |
After 10 years - 120 x 120 (300 x 300) |
Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid, requiring a high degree of organic content with good moisture retaining qualities. |
Use - As an attractive coloured foliage deciduous climber for sheltered non-house walls and fences or under protection in greenhouses or conservatories. May also be grown without support along the ground to cover old stumps or rock piles. Foliage - Hand-shaped leaves with some lobed indentations on outer edges varying in size from 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long; some with toothed edges. Grey/green undersides, upper surface white to pink with green variegation. Stem - Attractive, pink to red when young becoming green to green/brown with age, not sel-clinging but twining, interlacing itself around a support. Slow to medium growth rate Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Prune back all side shoots produced last year to within 2 buds of origin except shoots which are required for training the main framework, so encouraging a high production of good new pink foliage. Training - Allow to ramble over wires and secure as required, or allow to scramble through an uninteresting shrub both in the open or under protection. Height/spread Problems - Foliage scorching may be caused by late frosts and strong midday summer sun. Can be attacked by mildew in mid to late summer. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade). |
Ampelopsis megalophylla (Giant Pepper Vine) is hardy to -5 degrees Centigrade. Large, vigorous climber with huge deeply cut leaves to 2ft across and small green flowers followed by clusters of green, ripening to purple berries in autumn. The leaves turn red in autumn adding to the season of interest. Looks spectacular growing over a large pergola. Best for medium to large gardens. For part shade in moisture retentive soil. Deciduous. Prune side shoots back to 2-3 buds in when dormant. |
Bougainvillea spectabilis is Great bougainvillea |
Tubular white flowers surrounded by large magenta bracts, up to 1.5 inches (4 cm) wide and long, carried in panicles 9-12 inches (23-30 cm) long. Must be in a fully protected aspect. Best in full sun bt will tolerate light shade. |
The plant shows a versatility to climates which allows it to flower continually throughout the year. At Westdale Nurseries, we have been steadily collecting varieties of bougainvillea from all over the world for a number of years and we now have over 200 varieties. |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Climbers and Wall Shrubs needing or responding Cl D If grown in large containers a good quality potting compost should be used. If grown in soil, the latter should be lightened with the addition of 25 per cent sand and 25 per cent sedge peat. |
Use - Although in all but the mildest of areas in the Uk, bougainvillea is included in this gallery, for its use as a deciduous climber for conservatories and large greenhouse planted in large containers, or in greenhouse borders. Foliage - Pointed, oval, grey/green to dull green, 1.5 inches (4 cm) long by 0.75 inches (2 cm) wide. Normally leathery in texture. The plant can support itself on other plants by means of thorns carried in the leaf axils. Bougainvillea likes a climate from subtropical to tropical, but prefers a tropical climate, growing in dense forests where it can cling and grab onto other plants to reach the sunlight. Stem - Angular, branching, grey/green, stiff, vigorous. Medium to fast growth rate. |
Pruning - Prune all previous season's shoots, other than those needed to form a structure, back to 1 inch 92.5 cm) from the base annually in early spring. Training - Tie to wires or individual anchor points. Heght/spread Problems - Foliage may be attacked by insects such as red spider or whitefly. Roots often attacked by mealy bug. Proprietary controls should be used. Keep ventilation as open as possible, particularly in winter, but do not allow temperature to drop below 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Centigrade), since that is its mimimum winter temperature. |
Bougainvillea spectabilis 'Lady Wilson'. Cerise flowers. Bougainvillea spectabilis lateritia. Brick-red bracts. Bougainvillea spectabilis lindleyana 'Mrs Loise Wathen' (syn. Bougainvillea spectabilis lindleyana 'Orange King'). Cinnamon-coloured bracts. Bougainvillea spectabilis 'Mrs Butt'. Bright rose bracts. All varieties are difficult to obtain outside very temperate areas.
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Buddleia alternifolia is Fountain buddleia, Alternate-leaved butterfly bush |
Small bunches of very fragrant, lilac-coloured, small, trumpet-shaped flowers bone along graceful , arching branches in early summer. Tolerates all but the most severe of aspects. Best in full sun, tolerates slight dappled shade. |
Jul-Aug |
After 10 years - 144 x 144 (370 x 370) |
Grey-green with yellow autumn colour. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Sh D Prefers good, rich, deep soil, although tolerates other soil types. |
Use - As a large late summer to early autumn flowering, graceful, arching deciduous wall shrub. It is is endemic to Kansu, China, where it grows along river banks in thickets. Wall use is particularly suitable for the variety Buddleia alternifolia 'Argentea'. It is also used in woodlands, hedges and on banks, as well as in butterfly gardens. Foliage - Leaves grey/green, lanceolate. 1.5-4 inches (4-10 cm) long, giving yellow autumn colour. Stem - Grey/green to mid green, vigorous, long, upright, becoming arching. Fast growing. Fruit - Brown to grey/brown seedheads in autumn and winter. |
Pruning - Thin out one third of growth after flowering on established shrubs. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - When offered for sale it resembles an old, woody shrub. Once planted out, however, it grows quickly and often fills a larger space than anticipated. Tolerates a minimum winter temperature of 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade). |
Buddleia alternifolia 'Argentea'. Slightly more tender and lower growing, with attractive silver foliage and slightly paler blue flowers. Best protected by a sunny, sheltered wall. The Buddleja Garden is a website about Buddlejas with original content and aims to provide useful information for both gardeners and plantsmen. |
Bupleurum fruticosum is Shrubby hare's ear |
Bell-shaped clusters of green/cream to yellow/green flowers from mid summer to early autumn. All but the most exposed walls. Best in full sun. Tolerates light shade but becomes looser in habit in deep shade. |
After 10 years - 72 x 72 (180 x 180) |
Dark, glossy, grey/green with silver undersides. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Any well-drained soil conditions.
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Use - As a medium sized, evergreen wall shrub for shady walls with distinctively coloured flowers. Whether positioned as a specimen, massed as a screen or windbreak or utilized as a backdrop for a mixed planting, its quiet, yet handsome persona is sure to please. Foliage - Elliptic, 0.5-2 inch (1-5 cm) long, dark, glossy, grey/green with silver undersides. Stem - Light green to dark olive-green, forming a rounded shrub, somewhat loose in habit. Medium to slow growth rate. Fruit - Brown seedheads, interesting in winter. |
Pruning - None required. May be trimmed or cut back to maintain shape. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - Not easy to find. Established shrubs withstand winter temperatures down to 4 degrees Fahrenheit (-15 degrees Centigrade), but young plants are less hardy. Good in exposed coastal sites. Can be clipped to becoming a hedge. |
Choose a sunny, open position for this medium-sized shrub so it can glow and shimmer. Use it as a backdrop for brightly hued late-summer performers. Avoid pale pinks, they will make the lime-yellow flowers look insipid. B. fruticosum also makes a good shrub on a south-facing wall. |
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Caesalpinia gilliesii is Crimson Threadflower, Yellow Bird of Paradise, Bird of paradise bush |
Produces large erect racemes of up to 40 individual yellow flowers with scarlet stamens, which flowers are 3.5cm (1½in) across in erect racemes 15-30 (6-12in) long. Full Sun |
Juniper Level Botanic Garden (JLBG), established in 1988, actively promotes and preserves botanic diversity by bridging the gap between botany and horticulture through plant study, identification, educational outreach, and plant exploration, both in the US and abroad. |
72-120 x 36-96 |
Mid- to dark-green 2 pinnate leaves to 20cm (8in) long with many oblong leaflets. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Fertile moist well-drained soil or loam-based compost (JI No. 3) under glass with added leaf mould in conservatory. |
Use - Erect to spreading shrub or small tree, which can be grown outside in summer. Plant can withstand temperatures down to 5°C (41°F), so is best inside a container within a conservatory in the UK. Good cut flowers. Flowers on the new growth, it can be trimmed or coppiced every Autumn or can be trained to form a small tree. Best to grow in large pots on the patio (or planted in the garden for the Summer) but in Britain, it should be overwintered frost free in an unheated room or in conservatory. |
Pruning - Plants under glass may need a restrictive prune after the first flush of flowers. Problems - Needs frost protection except in the mildest locations. |
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Campsis grandiflora (Campsis chinensis, Bignonia grandiflora, Tecoma grandiflora) is Chinese Trumpet Vine 日本語: ノウゼンカズラ Place: Osaka, Japan. By I, KENPEI, via Wikimedia Commons. |
Panicles of 6 to 12 deep orange/red, wide-mouthed, trumpet-shaped flowers up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long. The mouth of each flower is attractively divided into 5 segments, resembling 5 lips. Late summer/early autumn. Sheltered aspect. Must be in full sun to ripen previous season's growth and encourage production of subsequent flowers. |
Jul-Sep |
After 10 years - 192 x 192 (500 x 500) |
Mid to dark green leaves. Good yellow autumn colour. |
Self-Clinging Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Moderately alkaline to acid. Requires a deep, well fed, well drained moist soil with a high organic content for best results. |
Use - As a large rambling deciduous climbing vine for sunny locations on non-house walls and fences. Also good for covering large pergolas, gazebo's etc. and for climbing large, high-canopied trees where adequate sunshine is available. It requires considerable space and a warm wall location for maximum flower production. Foliage - 7 to 9 light green oval leaflets up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) long with coarse-toothed edges make up a pinnate shaped leaf. Good yellow autumn colour. Stem - Light green when young, becoming yellow/brown, finally brown, twining, not self-clinging. Fast rate of growth. It climbs by means of aerial rootlets, which, like English Ivy, can damage wood, stone, and brick. Fruit - None of interest. |
Pruning - Long, unwanted shoots produced in late spring and summer can be cut hard back after leaf fall in autumn, except those which are required for further training for the vine shape. Training - Tie to wires or trellis on walls and fences. When grown up trees, will require some early support by tying in. Height/spread Problems - Not quick to cover a required area. Cab shy to come into flower and may require several years before it produces any type of good display. Late to break leaf in spring - often as late as the end of early summer - especially in the year following planting. Tolerates a mimimum winter temperature of 14 degrees Fahrenheit (-10 degrees Centigrade). |
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Carpenteria californica |
2-3 inch (5-7.5 cm) wide, pure white, saucer-shaped flowers with yellow anthers, borne in mid summer on mature wood. A sheltered aspect in full sun. |
Jun-Jul |
After 10 years - 84 x 84 (210 x 210) |
Light to bright green. |
Wall Shrubs for The Prime Site Sh E Deep, rich soil. Tolerates both acidity and alkalinity. Grow in well-drained or moist but well-drained soil in full sun with shelter from cold, drying winds. |
Use - As an evergreen, summer-flowering shrub for mild areas. Ideal for fan-training on a sunny wall, particularly in mild regions. Foliage - Leaves light to bright green, broad, lanceolate, 2-4 inch (5-10 cm) long. Stem - Light to dark green, upright at first, slightly spreading with age, forming a good fan-shape with training. Medium rate of growth. Fruit - Small brown seedheads give limited winter attraction. |
Pruning - Remove one third of oldest wood each spring to maintain health. May be cut back hard and will rejuvenate, but can take up to 2 years to flower again. Training - Requires wires or individual anchor points to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Height/spread Problems - When young the shrub appears weak, but it develops well after planting. Reacts badly to temperatures below 23 degrees Fahrenheit (-5 degrees Centigrade) but normally rejuvenates from ground level. |
Carpenteria californica 'Ladham's Variety'. Said to be more free-flowering than the parent, with larger flowers in Jul-Sep. Carpenteria californica 'Bodnant' has cup-shaped anemone flowers with a central boss of yellow stamens. Its leaves are dark green and glossy and is bark is pale and peeling. Companion Plants from California Native Plants Society - |
Catalpa bignonioides - Indian Bean Tree, Southern Catalpa Native to the southeastern United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. |
Upright panicles 8-10 inches |(20-25 cm) long of white, trumpet-shaped flowers with frilled edges, yellow markings and purple spotted throats, produced mid summer. Requires a moderately sheltered aspect. Golden-leaved varieties scorch in full sun. |
Jun-Jul The flowers refuse to be self-fertilized. Each flower has its own stamens and its own stigma but the lobes of the stigma remain closed until after the anthers have opened and discharged their pollen; after they have withered and become effete then the stigma opens and invites the wandering bee. The entire Pink family behave in this way. |
After 10 years - 360 x 360 (900 x 900) |
The bright green leaves appear late and as they are full grown before the flower clusters open, add much to the beauty of the blossoming tree. They secrete nectar, a most unusual characteristic for leaves, by means of groups of tiny glands in the axils of the primary veins. |
Fastest covering Climbers and Wall Shrubs Tr D Requires a deep, rich, moist soil to do well. Shows signs of chlorosis on extremely thin alkaline soils. |
Use - As a large, fan-trained tree for walls. Foliage - Broadly ovate leaves, 6-10 inches (15-25 cm) long and 3-8 inches (7.5-20 cm) wide, presented on long stalks. Good yellow autumn colour. Foliage smells unpleasant when crushed. Stem - Light grey/green, becoming green/brown. Strong and upright. Pruning increases branching. Medium to fast growth rate, becoming slower and more spreading after the first 5 years. Fruit - Long, narrow, green, ageing to black, slender pods, 8-15 inches (20-38 cms) long, produced in early autumn and retained into early winter.
Ceratomia catalpae caterpillars. have a longstanding ecological relationship with the tree, and may defoliate a tree three or more times in a summer without killing it. Fishing enthusiasts prize the caterpillars as bait, particularly for catfish, and may freeze them for months after collecting them in the spring. |
Pruning - Prune young trees hard in spring following planting. Select and train resulting 5 to 7 shoots and tie into a fan-trained shape. In subsequent years, remove all side growths back to 2 points from their origin and maintain main branches in fan shape. Training - Will require tying to wires or individual anchor points. Height/spread Problems - Flowering may be decreased by fan-training but leaves will increase in size, particularly on golden-leaved varieties. May be damaged by high winds or heavy snow; consider location when planting. Young trees rarely look attractive, especially while in nursery production. |
Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea'. Attractive, broad, large, golden-yellow leaves. A less hardy form, even slightly tender. One-third average height and spread, but may reach more in ideal conditions. Catalpa bignonioides 'Variegata'. Attractive large-leaved foliage, grey/green leaves margined with gold. Catalpa x hybrida 'Purpurea'. New growth purple to purple/green, ageing to dark green. White flowers. Two-thirds average height and spread. This intense desire to get people closer to nature is the reason Nativ Nurseries was founded. For years, Toxey had collected special seed and hand grew many plants and trees in his backyard. As Mossy Oak grew, we needed a source for plants and trees for our own properties; one that carried the many wildlife varieties that you couldn’t find readily available and one that appreciated their effects on habitat and food sources. Not only did we need a source for these "naturally beneficial" plants and trees, but we wanted a source that would provide us with genetically advanced varieties from superior parent trees; varieties that had preferred characteristics like taste, vigorous growth, health and early abundant mast production; characteristics that wildlife and outdoor enthusiasts prefer. |
Berchemia racemosa is Paniculous Supplejack |
Clusters of small, greenish-white flowers in summer are rather insignificant, but the berries that follow from Jun-Aug, first green, then red, and finally black, are attractive. Full Sun or Part Shade |
Jul-Aug |
144-168 x |
Bright green foliage, which in autumn turns golden-yellow. This is not declared as a weed in Australia. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Berchemias thrive in well-cultivated ordinary garden ground of rich, moist, well-drained, sandy loam. Plant during suitable weather from November to February. |
Use - For growing up through other small trees or against non-house walls and fences as foliage with colourful fruits. Foliage - Small, heart-shaped, bright green foliage, which in autumn turns golden-yellow. A native of Japan and Formosa, which climbs by means of twining around supports. |
Pruning - When growths become crowded, cut out the older twining stems in winter, otherwise no pruning is required, except to keep the plants shapely. Propagation - is usually carried out by means of seeds sown in a frame when ripe, though cuttings made of semi-mature shoots, 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) long, in late summer and layering in autumn also provide ready means of increase. |
Berchemia racemosa 'Variegata' (Rattan Vine). A deciduous, twining climber with ovate, dark green leaves, variegated creamy-white, particularly towards ends of shoots. In summer, clusters of small, bell-shaped, green-white flowers are produced, followed by autumnal, round, green fruits turning red, then black. Berchemia scandens (Berchemia volubilis). The Supple Jack of the southern United States of America, has twiny branches 120-180 inches (300-450 x cm) in length. The greenish-white flowers in june are followed by bluish-black fruits. |
Celastrus orbiculatus is Staff Vine, Climbing Bittersweet, Oriental Bittersweet PlantThis and its Plant Selector are for those at any stage of their affair with plants. A reference for newcomers looking for guidance; a resource for knowledgeable enthusiasts; a selection tool for the practical and professional garden-maker; and inspiration for all the plant dreamers. The right plant for you is out there. |
Small green flowers carried in clusters of up to 4 in early summer, of little interest. Flowers may be of single sex. Full sun to medium shade with no particular preference. |
Jun-Jul
Considered to be an invasive species in eastern North America. When Celastrus orbiculatus grows by itself, it forms thickets; when it is near a tree or shrub, the vines twist themselves around the trunk. The encircling vines have been known to strangle the host tree to death, which is also true of the American species, C. scandens. |
After 10 years - 240 x 240 (600 x 600) The Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States is a collaborative project between the National Park Service, the University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England and the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. The purpose of the Atlas is to assist users with identification, early detection, prevention, and management of invasive plants. |
Light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. This is recorded in Australia as being It might be thought that this plant is not one of their favourites in America or Australia, whereas in good old Britain we have nurseries selling this to us mugs. |
Twining Climber for Non-House Walls, Fences, Pergolas Cl D Does well on all soil types, both alkaline and acid, with no particular preference except for adequate root run in moist, well-drained soil. |
Use - For growing over large buildings such as garages and sheds, through large established trees and shrubs or over large constructions such as pergolas, since it is a large deciduous vigourous vine requiring careful space location to produce its best fruiting results. Foliage - Oval, up to 5 inches (12 cm) long, with points; carried on short stalks up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long; light to mid green, very good yellow autumn colouring. Stem - Twsting, twining, not self-clinging; light grey/green when young becoming light creamy brown with age. Some limited winter attraction in good light. Very fast growing. Fruit - The main attraction. Capsules, bright yellow in colour when ripe, oen to reveal a scarlet-coated seed within. Carried in large numbers on mature climbers. The hermaphrodite- flowered form is self-fertile and bears frit without a pollinator; otherwise male and female plants will be necessary. |
Pruning - Not normally considered practical as it covers an extremely large area but can be reduced in size if required after fruiting. Training - Leave to ramble through whatever type of construction or tree it is to cover. Self supporting by twining effect but not self-clinging. Height/spread Problems - Its overall size is often underestimated and it must be allowed to achieve this size to produce good displays of fruit. Some all male forms may exist when propagated from seed, but most plants produced in commercial horticulture are of the hermaphrodite form so the problem of also finding space for a female plant normally does not arise. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Annual for ----------------
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
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Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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. |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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