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Ivydene Gardens Brown Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
What is PL@NTNET? |
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BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page, |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1 Flowering plants of Acid Soil |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Habitat Lists:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Number of Petals List:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
B & T World Seeds Paguignan, 34210 Aigues Vives, France can supply seeds world-wide from over 35,000 different plants. John Chambers Wildflower Seed supplies native British produced wildflower seed from its John Chambers Wildflowers Brochure and its Green-tech Specifier Wildflowers Seeds with delivery to England, Scotland and Wales. American Meadows Quick Guide to Wildflowers contains complete planting instructions, how much seed you need, and wildflower searches by color, height, moisture and light requirements with delivery of live plants, bulbs and seeds to USA only, but only its seeds to Canada. |
"SEASONS AND MONTHS SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
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WILD FLOWER GALLERY
SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES
See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. |
Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914 contains information about UK Native Wildflowers with 1 per chapter. I have summarised some of these chapters and put those into this website, but most will simply have a reference to which book it is in for you to read it yourself. |
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Common Name Flower Photo |
Botanical Name Flowering Months Flowers Photo
Sections from edition 2 of the Plant Crib, with some updated sections from the planned edition 3, are kindly made available by Plant Crib co-editor Dr Tim Rich of Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland:- |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) WildFlower Family Page Foliage Photo |
Flower Colour Habitat Native in:- Form Photo |
Form from
Form for Wildflowers:- Mat-forming These Forms are used for Bulbs with Herbaceous and Evergreen Perennials.
Shape for Evergreen Shrubs:- These Forms and Shapes are also used for Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs and Trees. |
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Flower |
Arenaria serpyllifolia Plate 15 Illustrated Soil - Bare ground, arable fields, walls, bare soil on chalk downs, cliffs throughout the British Isles. Plant Type - Annual to biennial with slender decumbent or ascending grey-green shoots, often bushy in habit. Foliage - 0.25 inch long ovate- acuminate and roughly hairy Mid-Green. Flower Colour in Month(s). Seed - White in June-August followed by black seeds in a flask-shaped capsule. Comment - Nectar-secreting and occasionally visited by small insects, but automatically self-pollinated. Apparently disliked by rabbits, but common round their burrows. |
10 x 12 Pink 2 Family
Foliage
The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. See Thyme-leaved Sandwort Page for more photos.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A winter- or rarely summer-annual of dry, usually shallow, neutral to basic soils. It is found in a wide range of open habitats, including rock outcrops, cliffs, screes, walls, spoil heaps from mines and in quarries, railway ballast, waysides and arable field margins. Native in all Europe, except Iceland.
Form
See other photos of |
Digitised Slide from Ron / Christine Foord of Thyme-leaved Sandwort from Queens Down Warren in Kent on 1 June 1969.
Flora of China - 无心菜 wu xin cai Arenaria leptoclados Gussone; A. petiolata Hayata. This species is used medicinally. |
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Birthwort
Flower |
Plate 76 Illustrated
Flowers The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Birthwort Family
Foliage |
A scrambling or trailing perennial herb found as an escape or a relic of cultivation in waste and rough places, often by old abbeys or nunneries, and in churchyards, woods and on grassy banks. It spreads by rhizomes. This was formerly used by midwives,
Form Native of South-Estern Europe; formerly cultivated and now widely naturalized in much of Europe, except North Europe. |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969.
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Thrift
Flower
Flowers from BritishFlora |
Armeria maritima May onwards Plate 56 Illustrated
Foliage from BritishFlora |
Sea Lavender Family
Form from BritishFlora
See other photos from BritishFlora.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A perennial herb of sea-cliffs, stone walls, stabilised shingle and saltmarshes. Inland, it grows on montane rock ledges, stony flushes and windswept moss-heaths, around old lead workings and other metalliferous mine wastes, and on riverside shingle. It also occurs inland beside salt-treated roads and as a garden escape. See other photos of
Read about Thrift (Armeria vulgaris) in Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd, in 1912. |
Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams of Armeria maritima Dusseldorfer Stolz from Rock Garden near the Alpine House in RHS Garden at Wisley on 3 August 2013. |
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Horseradish
Flower is Edible, |
Armoracia rusticana May-August Plate 8
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
36 x 24 Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1 Family
Foliage |
A long-lived perennial herb, persisting in old gardens and allotments and spreading by root fragments to roadsides, waste ground, railways, sandy seashores and river-banks. The plant is highly sterile, and seed-set is unknown in our area. Lowland. Horseradish is mainly cultivated for its large white, tapered root.
Form |
"Stout perennial herb with thick tap-root-like stocks, branched above and continuous downwards with the very long fleshy cylindrical roots. From the stocks arise subterranean stolons and erect leafy stems up to 3 feet high, with numerous erect slender branches above. It grows in moist fields, waste places and on stream banks throughout England, Scotland and Wales in full sun. Rare in Ireland. It has wavy and slightly toothed, sometimes very deeply cut, green foliage. Iy has White flowers in May-August followed by seed-pods, which rarely ripen in Britain and it is visited by various small insects. Often cultivated for the condiment prepared from the roots." from Horseradish page. Cultivated and naturalized in most of Europe. Introduced to much of Europe including Great Britain.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
See other photos of
Flora of China - 辣根 la gen Armoracia sativa Bernhardi; Cochlearia armoracia Linnaeus; Nasturtium armoracia (Linnaeus) Fries; Rorippa armoracia (Linnaeus) A. S. Hitchcock; R. rusticana (G. Gaertner et al.) Godron. This species has been widely cultivated for some 2000 years for its fleshy roots, which are grated to produce the pungent horseradish sauce. The plant is also a weed that is very difficult to eradicate. |
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Lamb's Succory |
Arnoseris pusilla Plate 50 |
Daisy Thistle Family |
An annual weed of cornfields or fallow ground on the most infertile, acidic, sandy soils. It was particularly associated with soils over Lower Greensand. Probably native. Arable fields on sandy soils. A local plant of eastern Great Britain from Dorset and Kent northwards to Moray. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
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False Oat |
Arrhenatherum elatius
Plate 96 Illustrated
Flowers
The 3 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Grass Soft
Foliage Native in all Europe, except Iceland and Albania. |
A tufted perennial grass found in a very wide range of neutral to base-rich habitats. It is frequent in grasslands, but is especially common on road verges, hedge banks, and river banks. It is an important stabiliser of limestone scree, and a coloniser of bare, muddy, calcareous cliffs and maritime shingle. Var. bulbosum is widely distributed on roadside banks and as an arable weed on light soils. 0-550 m (E. Perth). Grown as a forage grass and yields a palatable hay in the USA.
Form |
See other photos of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Flora of China - 燕麦草 yan mai cao |
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Wormwood
Flower |
July-August Plate 46 Illustrated
Flowers The 3 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Daisy Chamomiles Family |
An aromatic perennial herb of waste and rough ground, waysides, railway sidings, rubbish tips, gravel-pits, quarries and other anthropogenic habitats.
Form Native in all Europe, except Iceland. |
See other photos of ONLINE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THE UMBELLIFERAE
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Daisy: Chamomiles and Mayweeds Family:-
Flora of China - 中亚苦蒿 zhong ya ku hao Artemisia absinthium is used in anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic medicines. |
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Breckland Wormwood |
Artemisia campestris
Plate 46 Illustrated |
Daisy Chamomiles Family |
A perennial herb found in the Breckland in short open grassland, grass-heath, on forest rides and tracks, in abandoned arable fields, and on roadsides. It does not persist in tall, closed turf but sometimes reappears following disturbance. Native in all Europe, except Iceland and Ireland. |
See other photos of ONLINE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THE UMBELLIFERAE Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Sea Wormwood
Flower |
Artemisia maritima July-September
Plate 46 Illustrated
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Daisy Chamomiles Family
Foliage |
An aromatic perennial herb occurring in the upper, drier parts of saltmarshes; also found on shingle, sea-cliffs, waste ground and walls close to the sea, by brackish dykes of drained estuarine marshes and on the banks of tidal rivers.
Form Native in coasts of most of Europe and salt-rich regions inland. |
See other photos of ONLINE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THE UMBELLIFERAE Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Mugwort
Flower |
Plate 46 Illustrated
Flowers |
Daisy Chamomiles Family
Foliage The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
A tall aromatic perennial herb of waste places, tips, rough ground, roadside verges and waysides, usually on relatively fertile soils. The seeds, lacking a pappus, are often distributed by human activities, especially in urban areas and along road and rail systems. Native in all Europe, except it was introduced to Iceland. |
Form See other photos of
ONLINE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THE UMBELLIFERAE Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Lords-and-Ladies
Flower
Ripe Poisonous Berries |
Plate 88 Illustrated
Flowers
Ripe Poisonous Berries The 8 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Arum Family
Foliage
Unripe Green then Yellow then Red Ripe Berries |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of woodlands, hedgerows and other shaded areas on moist, well-drained and reasonably fertile soils.
Form
Unripe Green then Yellow then Red Ripe Berries |
Wild Arum (Arum maculatum) from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd Second Series in 1911:- In the loose and rich earth of woodland and hedgeside it dwells, and early every spring it pierces the ground with sharp green spikes. These are the leaves which are rolled round the midribs like flags. As they unfurl they show themselves to be dark, handsome leaves shaped like an arrow-head, shining dark green in colour, and sometimes spotted with purplish marks. A month or so late other spikes appear, and these too unroll and prove to be each a great green sheathing structure, the spathe, "in proportion like the ear of a hare". And within it and protected by it is yet another spike, the very extraordinary flower-spike. After flowering, in the autumn, columns of, first green, then orange-red, berries appear. They are very juicy. Each berry represents one of the little female flowers of the column and contains one or more hard seeds. Birds feast on them, but they are very poisonous to man; indeed the whole plant teems with poisonous juices. Native in much of Europe and Denmark, except Northern Europe, Portugal and Turkey See other photos of Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Asarabacca |
Plate 76 Illustrated |
Birthwort Family |
A perennial herb found in shaded places, including woodland, hedges, churchyards and on banks. It sometimes reproduces by seed, at least in S. England, and spreads by means of rhizomes to form a dense mass. Native in much of Europe, except in Ireland, Iceland, Finland, Greece and Turkey. |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969.
See other photos of |
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Asparagus
Flower |
Asparagus officinalis June-August Plate 84
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Lily Family
Berries
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A dioecious, rhizomatous perennial herb of freely-draining sandy soils. A. officinalis subsp. officinalis readily becomes naturalised, probably mainly by bird-dispersed seed, on grassy heaths and dunes. Lowland. Native in all Europe, except for Iceland and Albania.
Form with berries.
See other photos of |
Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams of Asparagus 'Purple Passion' from Vegetable Garden in RHS Garden at Wisley on 23 November 2013.
Flora of China - 石刁柏 shi diao bai Asparagus officinalis var. altilis Linnaeus; A. polyphyllus Steven. A very variable species; some cultivars are grown as a vegetable in China. |
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Madwort
Blue Woodruff |
Asperugo procumbens Plate 59 |
Borage Family |
A small to medium-sized herb found in arable fields, and on rough and waste ground (especially near ports). It is introduced in grain or with wool shoddy. Most occurrences are casual but it persisted on waste ground at Auchmithie (Angus) for almost forty years. Introduced to Great Britain. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Flora of China - 糙草 cao cao |
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Squinancywort
Flower |
Plate 42 Illustrated
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Bedstraw Family
Foliage |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of dry, calcareous grasslands and sand dunes.
Form Native in much of Europe, except Northern Europe and Portugal. |
See other photos of |
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Sea Aster Michaelmas Daisies in urban gardens.
Flower |
Plate 44 Illustrated
Flowers The first 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord Aster novi-belgii |
Daisy Cudweeds Family
Native in all Europe, except Iceland and Switzerland.
Foliage from Kent. Photo by BritishFlora |
A short-lived perennial herb occurring at low elevations in ungrazed or lightly grazed saltmarshes, especially along creeksides, and also on muddy sea-banks, tidal river banks and in brackish ditches. In W. Britain and Ireland it also grows amongst rocks and on exposed sea-cliffs. It also occurs very locally in inland saltmarshes and recently it has been recorded beside salt-treated roads. Lowland.
Form from Kent. Photo by BritishFlora |
See other photos of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Illustration of Wild Arum (Arum maculatum) from Flowers of the Woods by E.J. Salisbury - Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published by Penguin Books Limited in 1946.
UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in and The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
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Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak uses Blackthorn, Privet, Guelder Rose, and Wayfaring tree I have detailed the use of plants by these eggs, caterpillars, chrysalis and butterfly in full with either photos of those butterflies, etc or illustrations from Sandars. It shows that they do use plants all year round and I will insert the information of their Life Histories into the remainder of the Butterfly Description Pages but I will put no further information in this table or the Butterfly Name with its use of plants table. Please see what a council did to destroy the native habitat, so that children could ride bicyles anywhere in the park in the row below. Details of what plant is used by each of the different 'egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly' unit and for how long is given in the table on the left. At least 2 of these butterflies live in America as well as in the UK in 2022:- |
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The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from my Mission Statement page:- "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the table on the left. With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, you destroy the wildlife in this park as is done in every managed park in the world. Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school. |
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The following information (5 December 2021) comes from Wikipedia about Southern Water Services Ltd, which had a revenue of £0.829 billion in 2017-18. Area served by Southern Water is Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex and Kent. "Legal issues[edit] 2009-2011[edit] 2014-2016[edit] 2019[edit] Following the investigation, Southern Water agreed to pay customers approximately £123 million by 2024, partly a payment of price review underperformance penalties the company avoided paying in the period 2010 to 2017 and some of which is a payment to customers for the failures found in Ofwat's investigation. In response to Ofwat's findings, Southern Water announced that following its own internal review, which highlighted multiple failures between 2010 and 2017, it was 'profoundly sorry' and 'working very hard to understand past failings and implement the changes required' to ensure it meets the standards its customers deserve.[19] 2021[edit] How can a government allow a business to carry on when it is damaging the health of its population? and when it does not bother to correct the problem but its directors keep on committing the offences? Is that because the fines do not matter to the company who continue to commit offences and the government turns the other cheek. |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN, Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. |
CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
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"They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London Plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. EXTRAS 57,58, Hemp (cannabis sativa) - 1% of Irelands landmass, growing hemp for fuel, would provide all the energy needs for the country each year, keeping the money with the farmers and keeping the rural economies active and this is also an environmentally friendly fuel. Hemp only has 100,000 commercial uses, so is not worth growing. 1 acre of hemp = 1,000 gallons of methanol and is cheaper to produce than petrol or diesel |
Botanical Name of each Plant within each Botanical Name Extras Page:- |
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- The above is my summary of the chapter on this plant in the above books. They are excellent books for the layman to understand about each of the wildflowers, that he could use in his own garden. I am sorry but I am not going to summarise all of the wildflower plants in those books, but I would at least recommend them to you. This was sent out to customers of Riverford Organic Farmers (also they publish Wicked Leeks Magazine), who sell us a weekly box of vegetables and recipes, fruit and other items produced on farms; dated Monday 18th October 2021:-
Its actually win, win, win, win, win, win. You can refer as many friends as you like - and if all goes well, there will be Devon-grown hazelnuts in your boxes by 2026, and walnuts by 2028." |
Botanical Name Extras Page 91:- Botanical Name Extras Page 92 Normally in the fourth column below, I insert which countries in Europe, the plant is native in; introduced into or except from. Seeing which Native UK Wildflowers are also native in your country within Europe, Soviet Union, USA, Canada or China (from AC to CE) you can then use them with the cultivated plants for your country in your own home garden - so help your local wildlife including Butterflies - and home with snippets from Flower Arrangements from Wild Flowers by Violet Stevenson. Published by J M Dent & Sons in 1972. ISBN 0 460 07844 5. View my chapter precis before executing the flower arranging of the plants. The Saxifraga Foundation is a network of European nature photographers, whose aim is to stimulate and facilitate the conservation of European biodiversity. They do so by providing high-quality nature pictures free of charge. The website free natureimages.eu is an initiative of the Saxifraga Foundation. The Saxifrage foundation is assisted by the Crossbill Guides Foundation, Dutch Butterfly Conservation (De Vlinderstichting) and Foto Fitis. Currently, Saxifraga is working on two projects. The first one is the construction of a gallery of pictures of European plants, animals and landscapes. To download these pictures, go to the Saxifraga Gallery. With the search engine you can search for images using the scientific name or the common name of plants and animals in Dutch and English. The second project is the creation of a collection of images of the Dutch landscape (NL in Beeld). This has been done by taking pictures in a grid in a systematic way. We have used the so called Amersfoort-coordinates, which are found on official Dutch topographic maps. The Amersfoort grid is a collection of square kilometers. To find more details visit the website of NL in Beeld. The pictures can be viewed at the Saxifraga Gallery. United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. If the plant you see here has the same zone in your area of that country, then you can grow it at your home. |
Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs But unfortunately the human population in this world do not understand the above needs for plants as shown by:- Article on Welcome Page about trees falling down within pavements in Funchal, Madeira They set light to the rubbish collected inside the tree trunk, either by a discarded match used to light a cigarette or the stub of that cigarette. This then burns the rubbish inserted by the public and it also burns the rotting and non-rotting heartwood, whilst still allowing the public to wander past the burning or burnt tree. Stubs of cigarettes and discarded lit matches are also dropped on exposed tree roots:- Pavements of Funchal, Madeira The easiest, cheapest and quickest solution for existing pavement areas using pavers or paving slabs is the SuDSFLOW System using paving spacers to create permeable paving. See further details within the row for the London Planetree at the bottom of Botanical Name PH-PL 60 page. |
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It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
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Closed Bud |
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Opening Bud |
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Juvenile Flower |
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Older Juvenile Flower |
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Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
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Mature Flower |
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Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
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Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
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My current ambition at my retired age of 73 in 2022 (having started this website in 2005) is to complete the following:- Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery has an empty framework that I created on 20 February 2022. When all the remainder of the UK wildflowers have been checked:-
Then, the wildflower entries in the Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery will be filled in after each Wildflower has its cultivation details added to the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries. Starting the above from 20 February 2022, I think it might take me a few years, but it does mean that as I progress then you will be able to associate more wildflowers with more of all the plant types of the cultivated plants who have similar growing requirements. Then, more of the natural world with its wildlife could also inhabit your garden. |
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Aims of the Wild Flower Society
Plants included in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 |
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Identifying Edible and Poisonous Wild Plants |
