Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill2 Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill2 Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Comments |
A plant of first-class merit, suggested as 'First Choices' Adjacent Planting |
Plant Associations It is sad to reflect that in England so few gardens open to the public label their plants or label them so that the label is visible when that plant is in flower, so that visitors can identify; and then later locate and purchase that plant. Few mail-order nurseries provide the detail as shown in my rose or heather galleries. If you want to sell a product, it is best to display it. When I sold my Transit van, I removed its signage, cleaned it and took photos of the inside and outside before putting them onto an advert in Autotrader amongst more than 2000 other Transit vans - it was sold in 20 minutes. If mail-order nurseries could put photos to the same complexity from start of the year to its end with the different foliage colours and stages of flowering on Wikimedia Commons, then the world could view the plant before buying it, and idiots like me would have valid material to work with. I have been in the trade (until ill health forced my Sole Trader retirement in 2013) working in designing, constructing and maintaining private gardens for decades and since 2005 when this site was started, I have asked any nursery in the world to supply photos. R.V. Roger in Yorkshire allowed me to use his photos from his website in 2007 and when I got a camera to spend 5 days in July 2014 at my expense taking photos of his roses growing in his nursery field, whilst his staff was propagating them. I gave him a copy of those photos. |
Botanical Plant Name |
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Flower Colour and |
Height in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Soil Preference |
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A selected list of plants for Sink, Trough and Pan Gardens. Further details from Miniature Garden: How to plant Trough and Sink Gardens? |
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Androsace lanuginosa (Woolly Rock Jasmine) |
Full Sun, |
Pale Pink Jun-Jul |
3-4 (7-10) |
Very charming growing in a trough, gravel scree or on a wall. Requires excellent drainage, so ideal for growing in crevices between large boulders. |
P E |
In warm regions this appreciates protection from hot afternoon sun. Culture: For general purposes in the rock garden, sandy loam and leaf-mould with sharp grit added generously. Plant, March or April. For those species best suited for alpine house or cold frame cultivation, loam, ---> |
leaf-moulf, sand and grit in equal proportions. |
All Androsace prefer well-drained soil, good sun or part shade. There are other androsace used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Aquilegia scopulorum (Rocky Mountain Columbine, Granny's Bonnets, Utah Columbine - American Native Plant) Supplier in UK |
Prefers part shade but will do well in full sun with irrigation. |
Lavender-blue May-Jun |
4-6 (10-15) |
Moist, well-drained. Aquilegia scopulorum is found growing rocky slopes in subalpine forests and meadows. |
P |
Sow seed in October in a mixture of equal parts of standard seed soil and limestone or crock chippings, and allow to freeze thoroughly, bringing them into a cool green-house after they have had at least a night with 10 degrees Fahrenheit (-5.6 degrees Celsius) below freezing point. Though freezing produces a very good germination, it is not essential, seed can be sown in January, in a green-house on exactly the same routine, thus saving autumn frame space. The most common cause of failure is stale seed, and seed should be saved at every opportunity, the next greatest danger is from slugs, and a ring of perforated zinc round the plant from February until May protects the young growth on established specimens at the most crucial period. In sowing seed, leave the pod on till it begins to split, then remove and store in an envelope until sowing time; seed pods left too long will scatter, germinate and be eaten by slugs, or die out in winter. |
Perennial herbs, of which the dwarf species welcome well-drained soil and shade from hot sun. Propagated best by seed. There are other aquilegia used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Full Sun |
Lavender-blue Jul-Aug |
3 (7.5) |
Moist but well-drained soil |
P |
Divide in September or March, plant direct or pot and grow in frame. Soft cuttings in April or July, seed sown February. A slow-growing prostrate species, good for pan gardens. Cracking form for crevice, tufa or trough. |
A genus of many species, the alpine dwarfs being valuable for their summer flowers; tolerant of sun and partial shade, lime and acid soils, if well-drained. The species come true from seeds. The now numerous hybrids may be propagated by cuttings of young shoots in spring, as may the species. C. arvatica, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Lavender-blue flowers, July-August; has a white form, alba. Needs full sun, light soil. May be propagated by division, September.
There are other campanula used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Campanula arvatica, Picos de Europa, Spain. By Johan N via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Campanula cochleariifolia (Campanula pusilla, Fairy Thimble Bellflower) Supplier in UK - they ship globally |
Full Sun, |
Blue |
3 (7.5) |
limy |
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Blue harebell flowers, June-August, with a
All forms and hybrids easy from division between September and March. Plant direct or pot. Soft cuttings Aril or September. |
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This photo shows Campanula cochleariifolia. By Teun Spaans via Wikimedia Commons. |
Campanula garganica (Adriatic Bellflower) |
Full Sun, |
Blue |
4 (10) |
limy |
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Starry blue flowers, June-August. Good varieties are Division September, plant direct. Soft cuttings March make plants for autumn planting. Seed March, but rarely true. |
See Campanula garganica for further details and photos. There are other campanula used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
See Campanula garganica for further details and photos
Campanula garganica, Gradignan, Gironde, France, jardin. By Jean-Jacques MILAN via Wikimedia Commons. |
Dianthus caesius (botanically re-classified as Dianthus gratian-opolitanus, Cheddar Pink is a member of the Wildflower Pink Family) and varieties |
Full Sun |
Deep Pink to Red |
6 (15) |
limy |
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Out of a large family of herbs, only a nucleus of those suitable for alpine gardening can be suggested here. They all like well-drained soil, usually limy, and sun. Species can be propagated from seeds; varieties and hybrids from cuttings in summer. Mat-forming, 6-9 inches (15-22.5 cms) high, very well-scented, deep pink to red flowers, May-July, |
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Dianthus gratianopolitanus. By Kurt Stüber via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Supplier in UK |
Full Sun |
Purple-red, yellow without Jul-Aug |
6 (15) |
Tolerates heavy clay soil. Prefers well-drained soil |
P E |
Soft cuttings June and July, pot gritty soil. Ready to plant spring. Also seed sown February ready to plant by September. |
D. haematocalyx, Greek Pink, 6 inches (15 cms) high. Purple-red, yellow without, flowers, July-August. Good for scree. |
Cushion forming rare carnation from the eastern Mediterranean. |
Draba dedeana Supplier in UK |
Full Sun, |
White Apr-May |
1-2 (2.5-5) |
Gritty or sandy, evenly moist soil or Scree |
P |
Sow June, as fresh seed is best, gritty soil, ready to pot May in gritty limy soil, and to plant in September or spring in the sunny scree or rock garden. Division also in July, ready spring. A slow-growing species, good on pan garden. This very distinctive species from Spain and the Pyrenees makes a tiny hard rosette of shiny green, toothed foliage with heads of disproportionately large white flowers. A diminutive, cushion-forming alpine which is amongst the earliest of rockery plants to bloom, and can be enjoyed even more closely in a trough. Best in gritty, evenly moist soil and full sun or partial shade. |
A large genus, but only a few are easily grown and worthwhile, liking full sun, gritty or sandy soil, and being propagated basal cuttings of rosettes, August. D. dedeana, 1-2 inches (2.5 - 5 cms) high. Cushions of dense rosettes of leaves, with large white flowers, April-May. Scree. There are other draba used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Español: Draba dedeana Boiss.&Reut. (crucífera), en el Parque Natural de Somiedo (Asturias). Endemismo español. By Mario Argüelles via Wikimedia Commons. |
Erinus alpinus (Alpine Balsam, Fairy Foxglove is a member of the Wildflower Figwort Family) |
Part Shade |
Fragrant, Purplish-pink Mar-Aug |
6 (15) |
Superb when naturalised, especially in cracks in walls or rockeries. |
P Semi-evergreen |
The Erinus are a race of easy sun-loving species which can be grown as annuals, but are more perennial grown edgeways in crevices and on the wall garden, where they may be sown direct by scattering the seed where they are required. The hybrids come true from seed from any good seedsman, where several are grown there may be varation but these are equally charming. Sow January normal soil, prick out when large enough to handle into boxes, pot if desired, ready to plant April or May. Can be put out direct from boxes for crevice planting. |
Erinus are tufted perennial alpines, with attractive green foliage, easily grown, and happy in hot, dry spots, thin soils, and on walls. Propagated best by cuttings, as the coloured forms are considered better than the species. There are more details on these erinus used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Leberbalsam (Erinus alpinus), Schynige Platte, Kanton Bern, Schweiz. By Thomas Mathis via Wikimedia Commons. |
Gentiana sino-ornata Gentiana acaulis (stemless gentian) Gentiana verna (Spring Gentian in Gentian Wildflower Family) Supplier in UK Gentiana farreri (Photo of Flower from Gentians.be is a site by and for Gentian lovers. We have a large growing database with the names and pictures of gentians and articles about various topics and so on...) Supplier in Poland Gentiana hexa-farreri Supplier in UK Supplier in UK
Information about Gentiana from the Alpine Garden Society. and the North American Rock Garden Society. The Alpine Garden Society also sells books and publications.
Photos and details about hybrids of Gentiana in English translation and Russian. |
Full Sun |
Deep Blue Aug-Oct |
2-4 (5-10) |
Requires evenly moist, acidic soil. Moderately easy to grow, but best in a rock garden, gravel scree or alpine trough. |
P |
Where it is happy in lime-free soil, Gentiana sino-ornata and its hybrids may be introduced for their lovely blue trumpet flowers of autumn. Where they are found to thrive Gentiana acaulis may also be planted and allowed to spread, and the native Gentiana verna, the smaller, sky-blue flowering Gentian, should certainly be brought in.
Where there is lime in the soil, Gentiana farreri, Gentiana hexa-farreri and Gentiana x 'Inverleith', all autumn-flowering and spreading when suited, may be tried. |
Edrom Nurseries in Scotland sells many Evergreen Alpines and Herbaceous Alpines, as well as Plants for Shade - Evergreen, Ferns (Further details about some Ferns in Fern Plant Gallery) and Herbaceous. We have at present, a trough garden with over sixty troughs, raised beds and a half acre woodland garden, all of which may be seen in the miscellaneous pictures gallery. A four acre woodland garden is under development as we speak although this will take some time to complete, as we are still at the stage of removing bracken, brambles, gorse and fallen or unstable trees. We're hoping this will be ready for 2016. Paths and bridges have been constructed and planting of the beds is in full flow. There are 2 pages describing Gentiana and their culture in Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962.
There are other Gentiana used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery |
Gentiana sino-ornata in flower. Huluhai, Sichuan - 葫芦海 四川. By rduta on Flickr via Wikimedia Commons.
Gentiana acaulis. By I, KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons.
Gentiana verna. By Opioła Jerzy via Wikimedia Commons.
Gentiana farreri - Italiano: Genziana del Tibet. By Francesco Rigotti via Wikimedia Commons. |
Helichrysum marginatum Supplier in UK |
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H. marginatum, 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cms) high. Chiefly grown for its silvery foliage, forming dense hummocks of silvery-white rosettes with occasional white, crimson in bud, everlasting flowers in ---> |
summer. Likes sun, and well-drained soil, in scree. Propagated by division, April. |
There are other helichrysum used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Iris pumila Supplier in UK |
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Divide June or July, cut up the rhizomes, and plant direct, limy soil preferred but not essential, good drainage more important. There are other iris used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
A large genus containing herbaceous perennials with creeping tuberous or bulbous root-stocks, from the following are only a promising selection of the hardy sorts (from Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962.):- |
Taxon: Iris pumila (sensu Fischer et al. EfÖLS 2008 ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9) Location: Haulesbergen, Ulrichskirchen-Schleinbach, district Mistelbach, Lower Austria - ca. 200 m a.s.l.. Endemismo español. By Stefan.lefnaer via Wikimedia Commons. |
Lithospermum oleifolium (Lithodora oleifolia) |
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As this is mainly grown as an alpine-house plant it is usually possible to take soft-wooded cuttings at the ideal time, in January and February, in the heated propagating frame. The rooted plants need potting in a leafy and gritty mixture, one composed of three parts of standard leafy soil to one of limestone chippings, as this species is unusual in loving both lime and leafmould. |
Provides some of the most attractive blue-flowering alpines for early summer. Full sun. Soil needs differ according to kind. Propagated by cuttings. There are further details of this plant in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Myosotis rupicola (Myosotis alpestris, Alpine Forget-Me-Not is a member of the Wildflower Borage Family) |
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Sow July normal soil, pot September ready to plant spring. Cuttings July-August, ready to plant spring. Best in scree. |
The dwarfs of the tribe are not hardy or long-lived, but the following should be tried in the well-drained soil of the scree and full sun. Propagated by seed. M. explanata, 6-9 inches (15-22.5 cms) high. Attractive New Zealander, with evergreen rosettes of leaves, with racemes of white flowers in attractive racemes in May. M. rupicola, 2 inches (5 cms) high. Large azure-blue flowers above tight cushions of leaves, May-June. There are other myosotis used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
State Flower of Alaska. |
Oxalis enneaphylla (Scurvy-grass sorrel) The name enneaphylla comes from the Greek εννεα (ennea), "nine" and φυλλον (phyllon), "leaf". |
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Divide offset bulbs April. Plant direct, or pot peaty mixture with grit. |
Species such as Oxalis corniculata, O. cernua, and O. rubra should be avoided as they can easily become pestiferous weeds. Propagated by division. There are other oxalis used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Photo by Salvor taken in the botanical garden in Reykjavik. By Salvor Gissurardottir via Wikimedia Commons. |
Penstemon rupicola (Cliff beardtongue) |
Rose-carmine |
Jun-Jul |
2 (5) |
dry |
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Prostrate growing with small ovate leaves, rose-carmine tubular flowers, May. Propagated by heeled cuttings, August |
The Penstemons Database, moderated by KentPfeiffer We have 858 images of 622 penstemons here.
A genus welcoming well-drained soil and sunny hot positions, though they should not be short of water in summer. Propagated by seeds or cuttings, best taken August-September.
There are other penstemon used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
English: Rock Penstemon, Cliff Beardtongue. Photo by Salvor taken in the botanical garden in Reykjavik. By Walter Siegmund (talk) via Wikimedia Commons. |
Phlox douglasii |
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Soft-tip cuttings 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.75 cms) long, June to September. Stop. Ready to plant September or spring. The hybrids are the most free flowering of all the spine-leaved type. |
The alpine phloxes are as essential and glorious in the rock garden as the taller phloxes are in the herbaceous border. Prostrate in habit, their dense mats of small leaves are neat and attractive, while flowering covers May to June. All like sun, well-drained soil, and are propagated by cuttings May-July. P. douglasii, 2-4 inches(5-10 cms) high. Tufted carpets of small green leaves, with almost stemless flowers of lilac-lavender, May-July. Fine forms include There are other phlox used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Potentilla nitida var. rubra Supplier in UK |
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Divide April. Pot gritty soil. Ready to plant following spring, avoid winter damp. Cuttings dry frame, August-September.
There is a page describing other Potentilla and their culture in Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962. |
P. nitida, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Perennial herb with silvery foliage, mat-forming, with rose-pink flowers in July-August. Rather poor soil, lime-rich, and sun. Scree. Propagated by division, April. P. fruticosa beesii (P. f. nana argentea), 12-18 inches (30-45 cms) high. A shrubby, silver-leafed form, with buttercup-yellow flowers, August-October. Spread to 36 inches (90 cms) so needs room. Well-drained soil, and sun. Propagated by heeled cuttings, June-July. There are other potentilla used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Potentilla nitida. By Leif Stridvall (Source http://www.stridvall.se/ ) via Wikimedia Commons. |
Primula marginata hybrids |
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There are many pages about Primulas and their different propagation in The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950. |
P. marginata, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Toothed leaves with white mealy edging, funnel-shaped blue-lilac flowers in umbels; There are other primula used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery and over 2 pages in Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962. |
Primula marginata in the Queyras. By Meneerke bloem via Wikimedia Commons. |
Saponaria ocymoides 'Rubra Compacta' (Pink Alpine Soapwort) Supplier in UK |
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Increase by soft cuttings taken in July, inserted round the edge of a pan of cutting sand sunk in the normal semi-intensive frame, or in a pumice pan. Pot in August or September in a mixture of 3 parts peat, 3 loam and 1 each of sand and crock chips. Cover the surface of the pot with chippings, limestone or tufa, and whether the plants are panned up for the alpine-house or planted in the open, see that they have at least 0.5 inches (1.25 cms) of chippings under them, as the plant seems to dislike lying on the bare ground. The first winter should be spent in a cool green-house with careful watering, never letting the plant get dead dry. |
S. ocymoides, 6 inches (15 cms) high. Mat-forming perennial with trailing stems, covered with small pink flowers, June-July. Good for hot dry places, porous soils, and full sun, to grow over rock faces or walls. Propagate by cuttings taken in July to maintain replacement stock. There are other saponaria used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
Saponaria ocymoides L. - Italy, Vinschgau, Mals, Tartscher Bühel, 2010-05-06. By Ralf Hand via Wikimedia Commons. |
Saxifraga. Kabschias now Porphyrion Supplier in UK |
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There are many pages about Saxifraga The Kabschia Group and their propagation in The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950. |
Contains some of the prettiest saxifrages, all forming compact mounds or cushions of minute silvery foliage, from which arise dainty clusters of small flowers or flowers on short stems. They like sunshine, though not full and hot all day in mid-summer, well-drained, gritty soil, and a surface of stone chippings about them. Propagated by division, spring, or cuttings. There are other saxifraga used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Saxifraga (cochlearis) 'Minor' |
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Divide August, small offsets, pot limy soil, ready 3 to 4 weeks. Can be planted direct. |
Botanically, saxifraga are split up into 16 sections, plus a wealth of hybrids. S. cochlearis, 6 inches (15 cms) high. Heavily encrusted rosettes, white flowers, June; |
Saxifraga cochlearis. By Kurt Stüber via Wikimedia Commons. |
Sempervivum arachnoideum and varieties |
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Sempervivums are increased by division in May, when they can either be planted direct or in September when they should be potted and grown through the winter in a frame with very little water. They need full sun and appreciate lime. They prefer a starvation diet with plenty of lime. |
A genus of succulents, valuable for hot, dry places, to grow in tight crevices, and bare places where little else will grow. Good for dry walls. There are other sempervivum used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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Soldanella alpina |
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There are 2 pages about Soldanella and their propagation in The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950. |
Very charming dwarf alpines, forming spreading mats of rounded, often glossy, leaves, from a rhizomatous rootstock, with elegant fringed bells of flowers on short stems in early spring. A cool position with moist, but well-drained soil, is needed, with open light; winter protection against damp, and precautions against slugs, particularly in late winter and spring. S. alpina, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Dainty, kidney-shaped leaves, pale violet-blue fringed flowers. Propagated by division, June. S montana, 3 inches (7.5 cms) high. Bell-shaped, fringed flowers of blue or bluish-lilac. Propagated by division, June. S. pusilla, 2-4 inches (5-10 cms) high. Narrow bell-shaped flowers of lavender-blue; a dainty dwarf. There are other soldanella used as alpines in Rock Garden Plants Suitable for Small Gardens in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery |
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The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are alongside: |
Normal Alpine Soil, potting and planting |
Lime-Lover's Mixture |
Peaty Mixture |
Leafy Mixture |
Gritty Mixture |
Normal Seed Soil |
Peaty Seed Soil |
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Many of the species described do best in the soil mixtures used at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, they can either be used only for the particular plants for which they are recommended, or adopted in place of normal alpine soil and standard leaf-compost. Kew No 1 seed mixture can be used for all alpine seeds other than known lime-haters, woodland species, and others requiring large quantities of humus in the early stages. It is composed of:
Plants raised on this mixture should be potted in Kew No. 1 potting soil:
Kew No. 2 seed mixture is used where membership of the order Ericaceae, or the plant collector's notes, give indication of a lime-hating or woodland species:-
Kew No. 2 potting soil, for seeds raised in the compost alongside, is composed of:-
The crushed pot is a very valuable ingredient, as it adds the power of retaining moisture to its mechanical properties as a grit, it is smashed or ground by a machine, about as fine as a good cutting sand, that is particles from the size of a radish seed down to dust. It can also be bought from flower-pot makers, they usually sell it to firms who lay down hard tennis courts. It should not be confused with normal hard tennis court dressing which is smashed bricks, mainly under-baked, and without the necessary angular shape. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Annual for ----------------
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
Shape of |
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Use in Pots and Troughs |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Use in |
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Shape of |
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Use in Bedding Out |
Use in |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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1b. |
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Raised |
Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Least prot-ruding growth when fan-trained |
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Needs Conserv-atory or Green-house |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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Climber - Elabo-rated Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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Topic |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
The Book of Bulbs by S. Arnott, F.R.H.S. Printed by |
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
|
Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
|
Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
|
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
||
Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||
Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||
Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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1 |
Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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. |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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. |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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