|
|
|
Ivydene Gardens Cream Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Topic - All Flowers 53 with
|
|
What is PL@NTNET? |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Colour Wheel Uses Uses of Bedding |
Uses of Bulb |
Uses of Rose |
|
|
|
CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
"SEASONS AND MONTHS SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
I am very grateful to both Ron and Christine Foord for taking 35mm slides using Kodachrome last century and getting their botanical names for each slide verified by the Natural History Museum. They left their collection of UK Native Plant slides and their butterfly collection to the Natural History Museum once both Ron and Christine had died. Many of those digitised UK native Plant slides have been used in the 180 UK Native Family pages. Christine left me her slides of Garden Plants some of which I have included in Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
WILD FLOWER GALLERY
SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES
See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
|
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
|
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
|
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
The English Flower Garden Design, Arrangement, and Plans followed by A description of all the best plants for it and their culture and the positions fitted for them By W. Robinson Author of the "Wild Garden". Fourth Edition. Published by John Murray in London in 1895 is a useful source of culture and positions for them, as is |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. |
Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914 contains information about UK Native Wildflowers with 1 per chapter. I have summarised some of these chapters and put those into this website, but most will simply have a reference to which book it is in for you to read it yourself. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Name Flower Photo |
Botanical Name Flowering Months Flowers Photo |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) WildFlower Family Page Foliage Photo |
Flower Colour Habitat Native in:- Form Photo |
Form from
Form for Wildflowers:- Mat-forming These Forms are used for Bulbs with Herbaceous and Evergreen Perennials.
Shape for Evergreen Shrubs:- These Forms and Shapes are also used for Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs and Trees. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hairy Buttercup |
Ranunculus sardous |
An annual of damp coastal pastures, poached pond edges and wet hollows, road verges, farm tracks and gateways. It is generally restricted to thin turf or disturbed areas on damp, neutral, moderately fertile soils. Lowland. Most often found near southern coasts; less frequently in the north. Native in most of Europe. |
Ranunculus sardous from Plate 3 of Pale Hairy Buttercup is an annual, 6-18 inches (15-45 cms); sepals hairy, reflexed; achenes bordered and tubercirculate. On waste land and cornfields and flowers Jun-Sep.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alpine Clematis
|
Flowers in Apr-May |
Buttercup |
This early spring flowering clematis is ideal for a north- or east-facing site. Given suitable support it may be grown on its own or allowed to scramble through a strong shrub or tree. Scrambling climber to 80 inches (200 cms) with twining leaf stalks. Native in Central Europe, France, Norway, Finland, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Soviet Union. |
Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alpine Sow-Thistle (Alpine Lettuce, Alpine Blue Sow-thistle, Blue Sow Thistle)
|
Cicerbita alpina Composite flower head is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide and is made up of individual violet-blue flowers. |
A tall perennial of ledges inaccessible to grazing animals on moist, predominantly N.-facing acidic rocks, often where there is late snow-lie. Damp mountain places, by water. |
See photo on On Page 158 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black Native in much of Europe, except in Portugal, Ireland, Belgium, Holland, Iceland, Denmark, Greece and Turkey.
See other photos of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alpine Squill
|
Scilla bifolia
Flowers in Mar-Jun. Bright blue, rarely pink or white, starlike in a loose cluster |
Habitat in grassland, scrub, or woods, also on mountains. |
See photo on Page 158 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black Native in South-East Europe, Mediterranean Europe, Spain, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Soviet Union. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apple-of-Peru
|
Nicandra physalodes
Flowers in Jun-Oct |
Blue or pale violet with white throat, bell-shaped, opening only for a few hours.
|
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black Propagation: by seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in pots or boxes of light soil in 55F (13C) in March, transplanting seedlings 36 inches (90cm) apart outdoors in ordinary soil in May; or by sowing seed in sunny position outdoors in April, transplanting seedlings in June. A native of Peru; widely naturalized in South-Central Europe. Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arctic Bellflower It is distributed in arctic North America, including the Rocky Mountains and Greenland, in the Asian part of Beringia and in Iceland, Svalbard, the Scandes Mountains and Novaja Zemlja.
|
Campanula uniflora
Flowers in Jun-Oct |
Nodding, solitary, bell-shaped, blue, purple Habitat in Mountains, arctic heaths. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Used and attracted by hummingbirds - not sure there are many of those in the UK. Native in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and the Faeroes. Not native in Great Britain.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bearded Bellflower
|
Campanula barbata
Flowers in Jun-Aug |
Pale blue, with long white hairs inside, in one-sided cluster; sepals in 2 rows. Thrives in well-drained loam in the rock garden or in the mixed border |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Native in France, Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia: introduced into Sweden. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bladder Gentian
|
Gentiana utricolosa Narrow, petal tube, dark blue flowers in May-Aug |
Gentian Family |
Dark Blue. Annual Damp grass, bogs, heaths, stony slopes and hollows. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. See photo Native in Alps, Apennines, Carpathians and Balkans. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blue Anemone
|
Blue flowers with 8-18 sepals in Mar-Apr |
Buttercup Family |
Blue A rhizomatous perennial, found in woodland, open scrub, under park trees, in churchyards and near former habitations. Like the native A. nemorosa, it requires light shade. Native to South-Eastern Europe but not in Great Britain. |
Can also be grown in pots on your windowsill, balcony or garden table. The plant does well under deciduous trees, alongside hedges and in shady pots around ponds. It is not a true UK native but comes from Italy. Scatter among the native Anemones in our woods, or making pictures with Daffodils, or running free among dwarf plants in groves. It is readily increased by division, and grows about 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) in height. Culture - Soil, good ordinary, well enriched with decayed manure. Position, sunny or partly shady borders. Plant, autumn or spring. Photo from Flowers of Europe A Field Guide by Oleg Polunin. Published by Oxford University Press in 1969. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blue Bugle Native from France, Belgium,Luxemburg, Channel Islands, Germany the Netherlands and Denmark. |
Ajuga genevensis Dark Blue flowers in Apr-Aug. The flower-stems are erect, from 6-9 inches (15-22.5 cm) high; the flowers being deep blue, and in a close spike. It is suitable for the front of mixed borders, or for the margin of shrub beds, and also for naturalising. Ajuga reptans form, so Ajuga genevensis will be similar The small photo above was taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Mint section of |
Bright Blue Stems often hairy all round. Habitat in dry grassy in chalk pastures in Berkshire, stony places. Non-trailing with no creeping shoots. Native to Central Europe and South-east Europe, but no native to Great Britain. |
See illustration on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black.
Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - margins of half-shady beds, borders and rock gardens. Propagation - By seeds sown outdoors in April, division of roots Oct or Mar.
Ajuga genevensis from Plate 70 of
See other photos of Gallery, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blue Pimpernel
Flower |
Anagallis foemina Blue up to 0.5 inches in diameter in June-August followed by fruits 5-8-veined. In arable fields in the South and West of England Flowers |
The 4 small photos below were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.
Foliage |
Dark Blue This subspecies is normally found as an arable weed and appears to be absent from the semi-natural habitats in which subsp. arvensis occurs. Pointed oval dark green unstalked leaves, usually in pairs but sometimes, especially later in the year, in whorls. Form |
See illustration on Page 152 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - sunny, well-drained borders for annuals. Propagation - Annuals by seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in temperature of 65 F in March, transplanting seedlings outdoors in June.
Native and widespread in Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Bugloss
Flower |
Lycopsis arvensis April onwards
Flowers The 3 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Borage Family |
This annual weed is mostly found on well-drained soils in arable fields, but it also occurs near the sea on sandy heaths, in disturbed dunes and on waste ground. Form Native in all Europe. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bavarian Gentian |
Gentiana bavarica (Gentiana carpatica) Flowers in Jul-Sep - See good photos |
4 x 4 4 inches is the spacing between plants not the width of the plant |
Deep Blue Mat-forming in Damp Grass, Marshes, and the rock garden. Native in the Alps, Carpathians. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Compost, 2 parts good loam, 1 part peat, 1 part grit or broken limestone and coarse sand. Position, sunny rock garden for dwarf kinds, borders for tall species. All should be kept fairly dry in winter, moist in summer. Plant, Sep, Oct, Mar or Apr, top-dress with rotted leaf-mould in March. Propagation - By seeds sown 1 sixteenth inch deep (1.5 mm) in well-drained pots or pans of sandy soil in cold frame in March; division of plants in March. Seeds sometimes take 1 or 2 years to germinate and soil must be kept moderately moist. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blue-eyed Mary |
Bright blue, 10mm across, in a loose cluster, flowers in March-May |
Bright Blue Short, mat-forming, spreads with rooting runners. |
See illustration on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture of Perennial Species - Soil, ordinary, rich, moist. Position - partially shaded, well-drained borders or rock gardens, or in Rhododendron beds. Plant - Oct, Nov, Mar or Apr. Water copiously in dry weather. Mulch with decayed cow manure annually in spring. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.125 inches (3 mm) deep in light, rich soil in semi-shaded position in April, transplanting seedlings when 1 inch (2.5 cm) high; division of roots, March or April |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross Gentian
Native to France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Channel Isles, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark |
Gentiana cruciata Dull Blue, oblong, in tight clusters up the stem, petal-tube 4 lobed in Jun-Sep |
Gentian Family Leaves oval to broad lanceolate, rather leathery, the upper clasping the stem, the lower stalked. |
Dull Blue Perennial in dry grass places or open woods. Native in Central Europe, South-East Europe (except in Greece and Turkey), Spain, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy and Soviet Union. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture of Hardy Perennial Species - Compost, 2 parts good loam, 1 part peat, 1 part grit or broken limestone and coarse sand. Position - sunny rock garden for dwarf kinds. All should be kept fairly dry in winter, moist in summer. Plant - Sep, Oct, Mar or Apr, top-dress with rotted leaf-mould in March. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.0625 inches (1.5 mm) deep in well-drained pots or pans of sandy soil in cold frame in March; division of plants in March. Seeds sometimes take 1 or 2 years to germinate and soil must be kept moderately moist.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creeping Water Forget-me-not |
Myosotis secunda (Myosotis repens, Myosotis palustris), Myosotis scorpioides) Light Blue 0.2 inch (5mm), in spikes leafy below from June onwards |
Borage Family |
A stoloniferous annual to perennial herb found by streams and pools, in marshy pasture, moorland flushes and springs. It prefers acid peaty soils, and usually avoids calcareous soils. |
Photo of Myosotis scorpiodes from Wikmedia Commons. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.06125 inch (1.5mm) deep outdoors in spring or summer. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blue Woodruff |
Asperula arvensis Bright Blue flowers in Apr-Jun |
Slender short annual, hairless. Weed of cultivation. |
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in open borders. Plant - Oct-Nov. Propagation - seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in open border in April. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Breck Speedwell (Breckland Speedwell) - |
Veronica praecox Dark Blue flowers with 4 petals in March-June |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Very rare in arable fields in the Breckland. An annual found naturalised on free-draining sandy soils, usually where there is regular disturbance. Habitats include the edges of arable fields, on tracks, sandy banks, and open rough grassland. On sandy fields in East Anglia. |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black, and photo in Uk Wildflowers. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - sunny borders or rock gardens. Water frequently in dry weather. Propagation - Seeds sown in light soil in shade outdoors in April. Native in Northern Europe: introduced into Great Britain. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bur Forget-me-not |
Lappula squarrosa Leafy cluster of light blue flowers in Jun-Aug |
Greyish annual/biennial, roughly hairy; well branched. Dry bare places, dunes and it thrives in overgrazed pastures. |
See illustration on Page 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Well known as a noxious weed. The seeds are dispersed when the prickles get caught on animal coats and human clothing, and when they are moved by wind. Native in much of Europe (except in Portugal, Ireland and Great Britain): introduced into Iceland. Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bristly Bellflower |
Campanula cervicaria Pale Blue, bell-shaped flowers, grouped together |
12-39 x |
Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks. It also flourishes in places where the soil has been disturbed such as after slash-and-burn, or after forest clearance or when coppicing has taken place |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Bristly bellflower is a biennial or short-lived perennial herbaceous plant. Culture - Sow seeds in gentle heat in March, transp[lant seedlings into boxes, harden off in cold frame in May and plant out in sunny borders early in June. Native and widespread in Europe. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Changing Forget-me-not
Flower |
Myosotis discolor Mature to Grey-blue, 5 petal, flowers in May onwards
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
See entry in Borage family page
Foliage |
An annual of open grassland and disturbed ground occurring in a wide range of habitats, including fen- and hay-meadows, pastures, moorland edges, marshes, dune-slacks, arable field margins, road verges, railway tracks, chalk- and gravel-pits, rocks and walls. Form |
See illustration on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - By seeds sown 0.0612 inches (1.5 mm) deep outdoors in spring or summer. Native in all Europe, except in Albania and Bulgaria.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hairless Blue Sow Thistle |
Cicerbita plumieri Flowers in Jul-Sep |
48 x 18 |
Daisy blue This is a not too distant relative of the lettuce. It makes a rosette of long, basal leaves from which arises a tall, stout, branched stem carrying pretty blue daisy-like flowers. Where conditions suit it will self seed to the point of being a nuisance so it is advisable to cut off the spent flowers before the seed develops. Herbaceous perennial requires moist, acidic, sandy fertile soil. |
Native in Spain to Switzerland. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Field Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica persica Sky-blue with darker veins, the lowest petal usually white, 8-12mm, solitary on long stalks at base of upper leaves; all year. A weed of cultivation. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family Foliage
These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
An annual of arable fields, other cultivated areas and waste ground, found on a wide range of fertile soils. It is self-fertile and seeds prolifically, the seeds forming a persistent seed bank and germinating throughout the year. It also spreads vegetatively from stem fragments.
Form |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April.
Native of western Asia; now widely naturalized throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Globularia Not a native of Great Britain, Ireland or Isle of Man. It has a very disjunct distribution: One population in the mountains of southern France and north-central and eastern Spain; and another population on the islands Öland and Gotland in the Baltic Sea. |
Globularia vulgaris Umbel of dark blue flowers 2-lipped, the upper lip very short, the lower 3-lobed in Apr-Jun |
Bellflower Family Oval, stalked basal leaves, narrower pointed unstalked stem leaves |
Herbaceous Perennial in Dry grassy or stony places. Native in Portugal, Spain, France, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Astria, Hungary, Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Soviet Union. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary moist (light and peaty soil). Position - sunny rock gardens or margins of borders. Plant Oct-Nov, or Mar-Apr. Propagation - By seeds sown on surface in boxes of light sandy soil in cold frame in March or April; division of plants, October or April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Grape Hyacinth (Grape Hyacinth, "The strong blue colour attracts a wide range of butterflies, including totoiseshells, brimstones and peacocks who feed on the nectar. Include the Muscari botryoides in rock gardens and for planting along the edges of paths. Height 6 (15)." from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4).
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Muscari neglectum Deep blue flowers in April-May Outdoor Culture - Soil, deep, sandy loam. Position, sunny beds, borders or rock gardens. Plant, Aug-Nov, in lines or masses. Depth for planting - small hardy bulbs 2 inch (5 cm) deep and 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart; large bulbs 4 inches (10 cm) deep and 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm) apart. Mulch with decayed manure, Nov. Lift, divide and replant every third year.
Propagation - By seeds sown 0.625 inches (1.5 mm) deep in light sandy soil in boxes or cold frames, or outdoors in Sep; offsets from old bulbs removed when lifting and planted as advised for full-sized bulbs. Seedlings flower when 3 to 4 years old. |
8 x Lily Family 3-6 linear bright green channeled leaves often red at base. Pot Culture - Compost, 2 parts sandy loam, 1 part leaf-mould, or well-decayed cow manure, and 1 part river sand. Pot, Aug-Nov, placing 18 to 20 small bulbs, 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart, in a 5 inch (12.5 cm) pot; or 3-5 large-sized bulbs 1 inch deep in similar pots. Position - under layer of cinder ashes from time of potting till growth commences, then in cold frame, cool greenhouse, or window till past flowering, afterwards in sunny spot outdoors. Water moderately from time growth commences till foliage fades, then keep dry. Repot annually. Apply weak stimulants once or twice during flowering period. |
A bulbous perennial herb on free-draining soils, native or long-naturalised in grasslands, hedgerows, pine plantations and rough ground, and on roadsides on a wide range of nutrient-poor soils. It is also a short-lived garden escape or outcast near habitation, on roadsides, allotments and waste ground. Lowland. Rare in East Anglia and Oxford. Grassland for Muscari neglectum and Gardens for Garden Grape-hyacinth Muscari armeniacum See illustration on Page 158 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Muscari neglectum photo in Alpine House at RHS Garden in Wisley taken on 18 February 2015 by Chris Garnons-Williams. Native in most of Europe (except in Northern Europe, Ireland and Holland): introduced into Germany. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Lungwort
Flower Native in most of Europe, except in Portugal, Ireland and Iceland. |
Pulmonaria officinalis Flowers in small terminal clusters, pink, often turning bluer; calyx with short broad teeth, in Mar-May. Hairy and tufted. White blotches on green lance-shaped leaves. Flowers The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Borage Family
Foliage Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - partially shaded rock gardens or borders. Plant this hardy herbaceous herb with its ornamental foliage in Oct-Nov, or Mar-Apr. Lift and replant in fresh soil every 4 or 5 years. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.0625 inches (1.5 mm) deep in ordinary soil in shady position outdoors, March or April; division of roots, October or March |
A perennial herb, naturalised in woodlands and scrub, on banks and rough ground, and also occurring on rubbish tips and waste ground. See illustrations on Pages 124, 142 and 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Form Pulmonaria officinalis 'Sissinghurst White' form Sissinghurst Castle Garden , taken by Chris Garnons-Williams on 21 April 2013 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cultivated Flax Flower |
Linum usitatissimum Bright Blue flowers an inch (2.5 cms) across, the sepals pointed and shorter than the globular fruit in June-July Flowers The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
9-18 x Flax Family Narrow lanceolate 3-veined green leaves Foliage |
Bright Blue A robust annual found on road verges, rubbish tips and waste ground and locally, rather surprisingly, on stone reservoir banks. It is also a moderately frequent bird-seed alien. Form |
See illustration of Flax on Page 152 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in April, in lines or masses where plants are required to flower.
Origin unknown; occurring as a casual from cultivation almost throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Green Alkanet
Flower The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Pentaglottis sempervirens Small stalked clusters of flat white-eyed, bright blue flowers, at the base of the broad, pointed oval, net-veined leaves, the lower stalked, from April onwards Flowers |
12-24 x Borage Family
Foliage |
This erect perennial herb is mostly found near habitation in lightly shaded habitats, including waste ground, roadside-banks, hedgerows, scrub and woodland, but it also grows on riversides. It reproduces prolifically from seed and can be very invasive. Form |
See illustration of Flax on Page 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - sunny borders. Plant - October or March. Propagation - By seed; root cuttings in February; division in October. Native in Western Europe and Italy: introduced into Denmark, Nrway and Sweden. Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
See other photos of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Green Field Speedwell |
Veronica agrestis Pale blue, 4-8mm, flowers from March onwards. Lower fourth petal is white. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
This spring-germinating annual is a colonist of cultivated land, waysides, gardens and allotments. It prefers soils which are well-drained and acidic, occurring on calcareous substrates only when there is surface leaching. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April. Native throughout Europe. Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heath Dog Violet Used within lifecycles of Butterfly Dark Green Fritillary, |
Viola canina Blue with yellow spur in April-June followed by seed pods.
Seeds The above 2 photos were taken by Christine or Ron Foord. |
Violet Family Has no central non-flowering rosette of leaves, which ae heart-shaped, but are thick, dark and distinctly long than broad.
Seed Pods Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Perennial with stems decumbent to erect, solitary to many together from a short creeping rhizome. Dry Turf on sandy Fens, woods and hedgebanks on calcareous (chalk) soils throughout the UK. A perennial herb of a variety of acid habitats, including heaths, coastal dunes, stony riversides and lake shores, especially in Scotland. It can also occur on thin, heavily leached substrates overlying chalk and (as subsp. montana) in fens. Native in all Europe, except in Albania and Greece. Read about Dog Violet (Viola canina) in Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd, in 1912. |
From Plate 12 of Pot Culture - Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould and 1 part sand. Pot, April, placing 6 crowns in a 6 inch (15 cm) pot. Place in a shady frame and water moderately. Plunge pots to their rims outdoors in shade in May and let them remain till September, when remove to greenhouse. Water freely outdoors, moderately in winter. Winter temperature, 40-50F. |
From Plate 12 of |
Culture - Soil, ordinary, previously well enriched with well-decayed manure. Clay soils require plenty of grit, decayed vegetable refuse and manure incorporated with them. Light and gravelly soils need a liberal amount of cow manure and loam or clay mixed with them. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oyster Plant
Flower |
Mertensia maritima Clusters of attractive purplish-blue flowers in June-August The 4 small photos below were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.
Flowers |
6 x Borage Family Foliage The stem and leaves of this perennial are covered with bloom like that on a plum. The plant grows along the ground. The leaves are thick, with dots on the upper surface. |
A perennial herb, usually found on gravelly beaches and shingle but sometimes on sand. It can also colonise earth and rocks tipped at the coast (Randall, 1988). Seeds can survive prolonged immersion in sea water, and dispersion in sea currents enables colonisation of new, but sometimes transient, sites. Form |
See illustration on Page 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, sandy peat and loam. Position - partially shaded rock gardens or borders. Plant - Oct-Nov and Mar-Apr. Lift and replant in fresh soil every 4 or 5 years. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.0625 inches (1.5 mm) deep in sandy peat in cold frame in autumn; division of roots n October or March. Native in Northern Europe, Ireland, Great Britain and Soviet Union.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Water Forget-me-not |
Myosotis brevifolia Very pale blue flowers from June onwards, 0.20 inches (5 mm) across, and calyx toothed to half-way or more with broad blunt teeth. |
Borage Family |
A perennial herb growing by rills and along base-rich spring-lines and flushes. Local in the Northern Pennines and Southern Lowlands of Great Britain. |
See illustration on Page 155 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - as edgings to or in masses in partially shaded beds or borders. Plant - October, February or March, 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) apart. These are best treated as biennials - namely, raised from seed sown outdoors in April, May or June and transplanted into the beds or borders in Octtober to flower the following year. Propagation - By seeds sown 0.0625 inches (1.5 mm) deep outdoors in spring or summer; cuttings inserted in sandy soil under hand-light in June or July; division of roots in March or October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flower |
Linum anglicum Several pale to bright blue flowers in loose clusters in June-July Flowers |
Flax family
Foliage The above 4 small photos were taken by Christine or Ron Foord |
Grassland (in chalk and limestone turf in Eastern England and Northern England) Form |
See illustration on Page 152 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary. Position - sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in April, in lines or masses where plants are required to flower.
Native in calcareous grassland; East England from North Essex to Durham, extending west to Cambridge, Leicester and Westmorland. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purple Gromwell Flower These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Lithospermum arvense (Buglossoides purpurocaerulea, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, Flowers in leafy terminal clusters, reddish-purple at first, becoming deep blue, 0.5 (12mm) across in May-June Flowers |
9-15 x
|
A perennial herb with creeping woody stems occurring in chalk and limestone districts in two distinct habitats. Inland, it grows in woodland edges and rides, and on lanesides and banks in partial shade. On the coast, it is found amongst naturally dwarfed, open scrub on slumped cliffs, slopes and crags. It spreads by seed and from the stems rooting at nodes. It also occurs as a garden escape on roadsides and waste ground. |
See illustration on Page 154 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, sandy or loamy. Position - margins of sunny borders or on ledges of sunny rock gardens. Plant - October, November, March or April. Propagation - by seeds in well-drained pots of sandy soil in cold frame in March or Aril, transplanting seedlings when an inch (2.5 cm) high singly into 2 inch (5 cm) pots and growing in frame till following spring; cuttings of ripened shoots, 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) long, in well-drained pots of sandy soil in cold frame in Aug-Oct; layering shoots in September.
Form Native in all Europe, except in Iceland and Albania. See other photos of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rampion Bellflower |
Erect violet bell-shaped flowers, occasionally white in June-July |
36 x Bellflower Family
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A perennial herb found naturalised in rough grassland and on roadsides, railway banks and in quarries. It also occurs as a relic of cultivation. Reproduction is from seed and rhizome fragments.
Group with pink, crimson, purple and white flowering shrub roses, flowering as it does in June and into July with the Hybrdid Musks and old shrub roses, and providing just the right contrasting colours. Native in most of Europe, except Ireland, Iceland and Norway: introduced to Denmark, Sweden and Finland. |
From Plate 54 of See illustrations on Pages 60 and 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Sow seeds in gentle heat in March, transplant seedlings into boxes, harden off in cold frame in May and plant out in sunny borders early in June. Naturalizes on sandy soil.
See other photos of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rock Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica fruticans (Veronica saxatilis) Small loose terminal leafy pikes of rich dark Blue flowers with reddish centre in July-August
Flowers |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
The 4 small photos below were taken by Ron or Christine Foord.
Foliage |
A small, rather woody perennial, restricted to calcareous substrates and occurring on dry open slopes and rock ledges on crags, in sites which are usually South-facing and inaccessible to grazing animals. Form |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black.
Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - sunny borders or rock garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial planted in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Water freely in dry weather. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring.
Native in Northern Europe and mountains of Southern Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Snow Gentian in USA |
Gentiana nivalis Intense blue flowers in Jul-Aug
See illustration on Page 153 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. |
1-4 x Gentian Family |
This is an annual or biennial herb of calcareous soils, most populations occurring in grazed herb-rich grassland. It is found on rock ledges, vegetated screes and adjacent slopes.
From Plate 59 of |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hairy Brome Used within lifecycle of Butterfly Chequered Skipper, |
Bromus ramosus June-August Plate 99 Illustrated
Flowers The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Grass 2 Family
Foliage |
A tufted perennial herb of shaded habitats on moist, moderately base-rich soils, including woodlands and hedgerows; it occasionally persists on sites of former woodland. Some bare soil is necessary for successful establishment from seed.
Form Native in most of Europe, except for Portugal, Holland, Iceland, Finland and Albania. |
Illustration from Flowers of the Woods by E.J. Salisbury - Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published by Penguin Books Limited in 1946.
See other photos of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Flora of China - 类雀麦 lei que mai Bromopsis ramosa (Hudson) Holub; Bromus asper Murray; Forasaccus asper (Murray) Bubani; Zerna aspera (Murray) Panzer; Z. ramosa (Hudson) Lindman. Bromus ramosus is closely related to B. benekenii, but they hybridize only very rarely. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teazel Flower from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora |
Dipsacus sylvestris
Flowers from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora |
78 x Teasel Family
Foliage from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A robust biennial herb, frequent in rough grassland, wood margins, thickets and hedgerows, and on roadsides and waste ground on a very wide range of soil types. It fruits prolifically, and often colonises bare ground after disturbance. 0-365 m (Garrigill, Cumberland). Native in most of Europe: introduced into Northern Europe. Form from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora |
Illustration of Teazel from Flowers of the Woods by E.J. Salisbury - Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published by Penguin Books Limited in 1946. Teasel from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 1912:- Since the Teasel is a lover of moisture and prefers the saturated soil of marshy land, these cups of water up the stem tend to keep the plant always moist, and serve as reservoirs against a possible summer drought.
"This makes a good garden border plant.
See other photos of
Birds and insects need teasels. The first visit the seeding heads for the oily seeds, the second, apart from searching for honey, can often be found drinking from the little reservoirs of dew and rain which form in the cupped bases of the leaves. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bramble transferred to Common Name Extras 64 Page |
Rubus fruticosus |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Burdocks Burdock (Great Burdock) |
Arctium lappa |
|
|
Burdock Arctium lappa or Lappa major from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- This plant is very invasive. It is spiky, bold in outline, and maybe 48 or 60 inches (120-150 cms) high, all the countryside knows it - bearish roughish leaves, which increase in size from the young ones at the top, little more an inch (2.5 cm) long, to great monsters 18 inches (45 cm) in length by perhaps 12 inches (30 cms) wide that arise at the base of the great stem. The top leaves are oval, the lowermost ones heart-shaped, both are finely nicked at the edges and covered beneath by a white down, though fairly smooth on the face. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dwarf Thistle Flower |
Carduus acaulon (Carduus acaulis, Cirsium acaule, Form Above 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord. |
Daisy Thistle Family |
A rosette-forming perennial herb of short swards on base-rich soils, particularly on chalk and limestone. The northerly and westerly limits appear to be determined by summer warmth and in areas such as the Yorkshire Wolds and Derbyshire it is almost wholly confined to S.W.-facing slopes. It benefits from the sward being grazed to less than 10-15 cm, or frequent mowing, but is destroyed by heavy trampling. Generally lowland, but reaching 425 m at Trefil (Mons.). Native in much of Europe, except Portugal, Ireland, Iceland, Finland, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria and Albania |
Dwarf Thistle Carduus acaulis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- Its rosettes of leaves lay, each like a many-rayed star, close pressed to the earth, each ray a single leaf radiating from one central point, the point where the thick root entered the ground.
See other photos of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weld |
Reseda luteola |
|
|
|
UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
|
|||||||||
Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in and The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. |
||||||||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||
Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
|||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||||||||
Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
|||||||
Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
|||||||
Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||
Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
|||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
|||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||
False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
||||||||
Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||||||||
Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||
Plants used by the Butterflies |
||||||||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
||||||
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|||||||
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|||||||
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||||||||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|||||||
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||||||||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||||||||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||||||||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|||||||
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|||||||
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|||||||
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
||||||
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak uses Blackthorn, Privet, Guelder Rose, and Wayfaring tree I have detailed the use of plants by these eggs, caterpillars, chrysalis and butterfly in full with either photos of those butterflies, etc or illustrations from Sandars. It shows that they do use plants all year round and I will insert the information of their Life Histories into the remainder of the Butterfly Description Pages but I will put no further information in this table or the Butterfly Name with its use of plants table. Please see what a council did to destroy the native habitat, so that children could ride bicyles anywhere in the park in the row below. Details of what plant is used by each of the different 'egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly' unit and for how long is given in the table on the left. At least 2 of these butterflies live in America as well as in the UK in 2022:- |
||||||||||
The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from my Mission Statement page:- "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the table on the left. With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, you destroy the wildlife in this park as is done in every managed park in the world. Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school. |
||||||||||
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE
September 21st. Most of the survey mile closely flailed today along both sides of the road. End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
Common Name of each Plant within each Common Name Extras Page:- |
Common Name of each Plant within each Common Name Extras Page:- |
|
Common Name Extras 57 Common Name Extras 58:- Common Name Extras 59 Common Name Extras 60 |
Common Name Extras 60 Common Name Extras 61 Common Name Extras 62 Common Name Extras 63 Common Name Extras 64 United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. If the plant you see here has the same zone in your area of that country, then you can grow it at your home. |
Normally in the fourth column in the next table, I insert which countries in Europe, the plant is native in; introduced into or except from. Seeing which Native UK Wildflowers are also native in your country within Europe, Soviet Union, USA, Canada or China you can then use them with the cultivated plants for your country in your own home garden - so help your local wildlife including Butterflies - and home with snippets from Flower Arrangements from Wild Flowers by Violet Stevenson. Published by J M Dent & Sons in 1972. ISBN 0 460 07844 5. View my chapter precis before executing the flower arranging of the plants.
The Saxifraga Foundation is a network of European nature photographers, whose aim is to stimulate and facilitate the conservation of European biodiversity. They do so by providing high-quality nature pictures free of charge. The website free natureimages.eu is an initiative of the Saxifraga Foundation. The Saxifrage foundation is assisted by the Crossbill Guides Foundation, Dutch Butterfly Conservation (De Vlinderstichting) and Foto Fitis. Currently, Saxifraga is working on two projects. The first one is the construction of a gallery of pictures of European plants, animals and landscapes. To download these pictures, go to the Saxifraga Gallery. With the search engine you can search for images using the scientific name or the common name of plants and animals in Dutch and English. The second project is the creation of a collection of images of the Dutch landscape (NL in Beeld). This has been done by taking pictures in a grid in a systematic way. We have used the so called Amersfoort-coordinates, which are found on official Dutch topographic maps. The Amersfoort grid is a collection of square kilometers. To find more details visit the website of NL in Beeld. The pictures can be viewed at the Saxifraga Gallery.
British Trees website:- Acknowledgements |
Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs |
|
It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
Closed Bud |
Opening Bud |
Juvenile Flower |
Older Juvenile Flower |
Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
Mature Flower |
Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
|
My current ambition at my retired age of 73 in 2022 (having started this website in 2005) is to complete the following:- Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery has an empty framework that I created on 20 February 2022. When all the remainder of the UK wildflowers have been checked:-
Then, the wildflower entries in the Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery will be filled in after each Wildflower has its cultivation details added to the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries. Starting the above from 20 February 2022, I think it might take me a few years, but it does mean that as I progress then you will be able to associate more wildflowers with more of all the plant types of the cultivated plants who have similar growing requirements. Then, more of the natural world with its wildlife could also inhabit your garden. |
|
Aims of the Wild Flower Society
Plants included in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 |
From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
||
The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas: • Bumblebees which deals solely with bumblebees, and was the original part of the site. • Invertebrates, which deals with all the other invertebrates. • Homework answers, where you'll find hints and tips to common questions set as biology, ecology, botany, zoology homework, there are also definitions of common terms in biology. • Window box gardens, this was started when we were exiled to central Paris, and 2 north-facing window boxes were all the garden available, however it was amazing the wildlife those window boxes attracted. You'll find plant lists, hints and tips, etc. • Torphins, this is the village in north-east Scotland where we are now located. In this part of the site you can find photographs of invertebrates found locally, where to see them and when, also links to pages with more detailed information.
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. Once these have flowered don't throw them out. Cut off the heads (unless you want seed) then put them somewhere that the leaves can get the sun. This will feed the bulb for the next year. Once the leaves have died you can plant the bulbs outside and they will flower at the normal (unforced) time next year. The narcissus Tete-a-tete is particularly good, and provides early colour and a delicate fragrance too. Below I have listed groups of plants. I have tried to include at least four plants in each list as you may not be able to find all of them, although, unless you have a very large windowbox, I would recommend that you have just three in each box. |
||
Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
||
|
|
|
Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
|
|
Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens With around 23 million gardens in the UK, covering 435,000 ha, gardens have great potential as wildlife habitats. And, with a bit of planning and a few tweaks, they can indeed be wonderful places for a whole host of creatures, from birds to bees, butterflies, frogs and toads, as well as many less obvious creatures. Wildlife-friendly gardens can be beautiful too, and a colourful garden full of life can lift the spirits and give immense pleasure, and can also help to connect people, both young and old, with our wonderful wildlife. The eight-point plan for a wildlife-friendly garden
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden. Follow the links below to explore our show gardens, and when you visit, be sure to pick up a copy of our Wildlife Gardening Trail guide
|
||
Database of Insects and their Food Plants from the Biological Records Centre:- This database is primarily a collation of published interactions between Great Britain 's invertebrate herbivores (insects and mites) and their host plants. There are also some interactions for the invertebrates closely associated with herbivores, such as predators, parasitoids, cleptoparasites and mutualists. DBIF contains about 47,000 interactions for roughly 9,300 invertebrate taxa (species, sub-species and forms) and 5,700 plant taxa (species, genera and broader groupings). DBIF aims to help researchers access the accumulated knowledge of British plant-herbivore interactions, which is otherwise scattered throughout a vast published literature. The database complements the more specialised internet resources that focus on particular groups (see Links). We hope that the database is of use to professional researchers in the environmental sciences and expert amateurs alike. DBIF is derived from the Phytophagous Insect Data Bank (see PIDB), which was the brainchild of Dr Lena Ward. Many people have contributed to the version of the database presented here; we would like to thank them all for their varied and skilled support (see Acknowledgements). To ensure that the information held in the database is used appropriately, please take time to read about what the database contains (see Description of the database ), and what caveats or limitations may apply (see Interpreting foodplant records and Limitations ). Lastly, DBIF is a work in progress and this website is still under development in some areas. We would be very surprised if you did not find some omissions, or nomenclature that did not need updating. Please alert us (see Contact us) of any necessary changes or of the presence of new sources. They will be incorporated in future updates. A companion piece in the naturalists' magazine British Wildlife (Smith & Roy, 2008) serves as an introduction to invertebrate herbivory and DBIF. |
||
From the Ode to the London Plane Tree by Heather Greaves:- "They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
||
From Sarah Ravens Kitchen & Garden:- Wildflowers - Chalk and sand, freely-drained soil mix A wonderfully varied self-sowing wild flower mix for thin, poor, chalky or sandy soils to give your garden or field flowers right through the year and food for the birds and bees. Spring into Summer Flowering • Cowslip March – May Summer into Autumn Flowering • Field Scabious June – September
From Sarah Ravens Kitchen & Garden:- Wildflowers - Clay and rich loam soil mix There are two main things I want from my wildflower meadow – to look beautiful for months not weeks, with flowers coming out and going over in succession AND to grow pollen-rich, insect friendly plants from EARLY in the year to LATE. I want my patch to be a regular and reliable food source for the birds and the bees. That’s what you’ll get with this beautiful selection of my favourite easy and reliable perennial wild flowers. General Height: 60cm. Sow: April- June Spring into Summer Flowering • Cowslip March – May Summer into Autumn Flowering • Self Heal June – September |
||
", in the Vermont hills, is a biodynamic farm using organic practices. Natural minerals and planned grazing with American Milking Devon cattle rejuvenate the soil, sequester carbon and yield nutrient dense foods and medicines including milk, grass fed meats, eggs, fermented vegetables (sauerkraut and kimchi / kim-chi), and herbal tinctures. We offer educational opportunities, farm visits, and seminars on nutrition, growing and preparing nutrient dense food, diversified farming and fermentation. |
||
Edible Plants Club website "has been created largely from the point of view of a plantsman interested in the many different resources available in the plant world, especially edible and medicinal plants. What started me off on this path was reading Robert Harts book Forest Gardening and then Ken Fearns Plants for a Future and also Richard Mabeys 'Food For Free' along the way. This also led to me to change my career and become a gardener." |
'Sort out your soil' - A practical guide to Green Manures, and Frequently Asked Questions from the Receptionist Myrtle of Cotswold Grass Seeds.
See Table 10 in Brown Wildflower Note Map Page. |
Saltmarsh Management Manual from the Environment Agency informs you about:-
|
Helping Earth's Sustainable Management with a Plant "Alternatives to the burning of fossil fuels, nuclear waste, deforestation and nitrate chemical fertilizers need to be developed. Hemp could have a vital role to play in the development of friendly alternatives. Energy production A report published by the FCDA of Europe outlines the Cannabis Biomass Energy Equation (CBEE), outlining a convincing case that hemp plants can be used to produce fuel energy CHEAPER per BtU than fossil fuels and uranium - WITHOUT PRODUCING GREENHOUSE GASES! Hemp plants have the highest known quantities of cellulose for annuals - with at least 4x (some suggest even 50-100x) the biomass potential of its closest rivals (cornstalks, sugarcane, kernaf and trees) (Omni, 1983). Biomass production still produces greenhouse gases, although the idea is that the excess of carbon dioxide will be used up by growing hemp plants - they are effective absorbers and thrive at high levels - Unlike fossil fuel energy which produces energy from plants which died millions of years ago. On reading the report of the FCDA, Hon. Jonathon Porrit (ex-director of Friends of the Earth, currently on the Board of Forum for the Future) commented 'I DID enjoy reading it - the report should contribute much'. Three years later - authorities are still not taking the potential of this plant seriously. MAFF are currently engaging in supporting research into the biomass potential of poplar trees which they claim has the most scientific support for biomass energy production. H-E-M-P recommend use of the hemp plant if biomass energy production is to have any real impact in reducing carbon dioxide levels. IT'S SO PRODUCTIVE! 1 acre of hemp = 1,000 gallons of methanol. In fact, Henry Ford's first car ran on hemp-methanol! - and at just a fraction of the cost of petroleum alternatives. Alternatives to coal, fuel oil, acetone, ethyl, tar pitch and creosote can be derived - from this one single plant! As regards depletion of the ozone layer - hemp actually withstands UV radiation. It absorbs UV light, whilst resisting damage to itself and providing protection for everything else. Risk-free, pollution-free energy. No acid rain, and a reduction in airborne pollution of up to 80% ... There's further potential for the same in industry. " |
||
Suppliers of British native-origin seeds and plants:- "Flora locale maintains a list of suppliers who should be able to supply seeds and/or plants of known British (and sometimes known local) native-origin. Although not all their stock will necessarily be of British native-origin, they should be able to provide details of provenance on request. View Flora locale's list of suppliers - follow the "Suppliers of native flora" link. You may also wish to view the Really Wild Flowers site, which contains a wealth of information about creating habitats and cultivating native species." |
British Native Plants List of Edible Plants:- "I thought it would be useful to include native plant lists from different regions of the world. This list is from British Isles (including Ireland and the Channel Islands) and was compiled by Professor Clive Stace of the University of Leicester for the FFF conference on Native Plants held at the Linnean Society of London, June 1997. It can be found here at the postcode plants database." |
|
Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
|
|||||||||||||||
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
||||||
1 |
Blue |
||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
Cream |
||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
White A-D |
||||||||||||||||
1 Yellow |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
|||||||||||||||||
1 |
Flowering plants of |
||||||||||||||||
1 |
Flowering plants of |
"The main systems of the human body are:
" from Wikipedia. |
"A mature tree has three basic parts: 1) roots, 2) crown, and 3) trunk or bole, with these functions:- Roots -
Crown -
Trunk or Bole
" from ScienceFacts.net. |
Function 1 - Breathing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide keeps humans alive. "An average size tree produces enough oxygen in one year to keep a family of four breathing." from Nitrofil. |
Roots require both oxygen and water. Compacted soil will also kill the roots since air and water cannot reach them. "On a park property that receives flood irrigation, a project manager informed me that they wait at least 5 days after an irrigation cycle to conduct any business in and around the park trees. This is a great policy to help prevent damage to the roots that rely on adequate soil oxygen to remain functional and healthy." from Integrity Tree Service. Compacted soil occurs on tarmac pavements when they are created by rollers and compactioin machines. Once that has finished then both people and vehicles compact the soil on a regular basis. The tarmac surface stops the rain, oxygen and nutrients from getting below into the soil, so once those elements have been used by the roots, then the roots will have excreted its waste products and then they will die off. This shows the roots of a tree onthe ground surface and another where the cowded roots are girdling a tree - this girdle will then kill the tree, since eventually the sapwood will no longer go past it to the roots having been converted into dead heartwood and thus water and nutrients will not transported up the trunk |
Function 2 - This uses the mouth to take in food and water, which is then digested by the digestion system, with water. |
Roots absorb the nutrients dissolved in water. These then get transferred up the roots, the trunk and to the crown together with water goes up in the sapwood. |
Function 2 - As the food is digested it produces nutrients for circulation round the body in the Circulatory System of Function 1. |
Leaves produce food for the plant. |
Function 2 - When we eat too much then the excess will most likely be converted to fat and stored somewhere in the body for later use when food supply is insufficient. |
The Trunk transports the food prepared by the leaves to all parts of the plant. "It is well known that trees act as carbon sinks, taking in carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis and releasing the oxygen that humans breathe. While trees use carbon dioxide to make their own food, they actually need oxygen (much like humans do) to process that food into energy. |
Function 7 - The nervous system indicates if there is a problem. This is passed to the Brain, which hopefully will have a solution, which gets transmitted to the respective parts of the body to execute this solution. |
If a problem occurs on a branch of a tree, that information is transmitted down the nerve system in the centre of each branch and trunk to junction between the roots and the trunk. A possible solution is then transmitted back to the affected area. We had a clump og hostas growing in a small bed shadowed by fencing. Each spring the slugs would eat the foliage. The hosta got fed up with this and sent instructions to the new leaves to produce something that the slugs would not like. Then for several years we had lovely hostas with flowers before being herbaceous they died down in the autumn. Some trees in our local park had their juvenile foliage stripped off during some springtimes by caterpillars. They got round that by producing another set of leaves once all the caterpillars had transposed. Plants can also help each other and although they do not have lightning fast nerve systems, they get along |
I can further wate my time in trying to get the most stupid animal in this world to understand that it is killing itself and the world round itself with concrete, tarmac and metal. You have the answer in
|
|