FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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USE OF FERN as Ferns for Woodland in the UK from Ferns for Home and Garden Flowers & Plants. Published by Magna Books in 1995. ISBN 1 85422 888 9. Design and text of plan, planting plan, flowering and colour scheme: Bureau Willemien Dijkshoorn BNT, Amsterdam:-
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Adiantum pedatum Hardy to -37 degrees Centigrade (-35 degrees Fahrenheit), Grows in North America, Central and Eastern United States, Canada, Alaska, North India, Japan and eastern Asia. "Zones 3-8 native to North America and East Asia, the 8-20 forked pinnate leaf segments are in a horse-shape arrangemen from the central stalk" from University of Vermont |
Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems. The fronds are in clusters from the clump-forming rhizome. |
12-24 x 12-18 Spacing 10 (25) Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems, creating a light, airy texture in the woodland garden. In rich soil and bright shade it will spread by shallow rhizomes to form a dense groundcover. Found in the humus-rich woodlands and moist woods of Eastern North America. Easy to grow as long as the soil is loose and rich. |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Hardy Species Fern of the Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern types. |
Suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Ferns Ground Cover Lime-hating Ferns Shade-Tolerant Ferns |
Clump-forming. Deciduous Fern. In Part Shade and Full Shade. It can be found in humus-rich woodlands and moist woods in acidic to neutral, moist, well-drained soils. Does not tolerate clay. Happier in cooler climates and can take more sun in northern zones. Spreads by shallow rhizomes. Propagate by dividing rhizomes in spring. Best used as a groundcover in the woodland or rock garden or as an edge or border in the shaded garden. A hardy fern which thrives in cold districts, but which is very difficult to grow in areas with a warm to hot climate. Plants may be deciduous in cold regions.It likes shady conditions and plenty of moisture and are best grown in the ground as they dislike being pot-bound. Acid organically-rich loams are very suitable and the plants appreciate applications of surface mulches. |
Frond from Image 3 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. Form from Image 2 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. |
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Deparia acrostichoides Silver Glade Fern, Silvery Spleenwort - The name silvery comes from the fact that the indusia on the underside of the leaf have a silver color when the sori are close to ripening. Very Hardy. Grows in North America, North India and China |
Leaves (fronds) are once compound, lance-elliptic in outline, widest near the middle, narrowed at the base with a long taper at the tip end, 18 to 40 inches long, 5 to 10 inches wide, with 20 to 25 pairs of leaflets (pinnae) alternately attached along the stem. Young fronds are yellow-green in color. |
18-40 x 12 |
Lady Ferns and Their Allies Hardy Fern Type. Culture of Stove and Greenhouse species: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould and sand. Pot Mar. Water freely in summer, moderately in winter. Temperature |
Suitable for |
Deciduous Fern. An easy fern to grow which is well suited to temperate regions, but which sheds its fronds with the onset of cold weather in the winter. Plants form a neat tussock and favour organically-rich, loamy soil in a shady situation. New growth in the spring is particularly decorative. Grows well under medium light in moist soil or potting mix. Grow in Part Shade, Full Shade, with moist soil in deciduous forest, wooded bluffs, slopes and ravines |
Deparia acrostichoides fronds taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides form taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides macro of leaflets.
Deparia acrostichoides sori at Cataloochee, Smokies, North Carolina, 20131014. |
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Dryopteris marginalis (Aspidium marginale, Nephrodium marginale, Polypodium marginale) Eastern Wood Fern, marginal shield fern, marginal wood fern. The species is native to northeastern North America, where it grows on or among rocks. |
Fronds are dark blue-green and are carried in a tussock. |
18-24 x 18-24 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Cold-hardy ferns. Lime-hating Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-tolerant Fern.
Grow in shady areas of the woodland, rock, native plant or wild garden. Mixes well with spring wildflowers, purple-leafed heucheras and hostas. Excellent as a specimen or in groups. |
Evergreen Fern. |
Frond of Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray, dryoptère à sores marginaux, dryoptéride marginale. By David J. Stang via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris marginalis sori, Tom Dorman State Nature Preserve Garrard County, Kentucky. By Masebrock at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons |
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Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern, Shuttlecock Fern Very hardy. |
Mid Green pinnate fronds taper at both ends and grow in a vase-like cluster around the robust rootstock. A vigorous fern which spreads by underground rhizomes, producng clusters of new fronds at intervals Flushes of new fronds are most decorative. Requires acid, loamy soil. The sterile leaves are deciduous, but the fertile ones persist throughout the winter and shed their spores in early spring, sometimes over snow. Usually 1 or 2 new plants are produced each year from the stolons. |
66 x 36 Spacing 24-30 (60-75) |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Large hardy deciduous fern. Outdoor Culture: Soil, 2 parts good loam, 1 part leaf-mould. Position, semi-shaded, cool, moist border or margin of pond. Plant, April. |
Suitable for Fern for Acid Soils Cold-hardy Ferns. Border and Foundation Ferns. Ground Cover Ferns. Outdoor Containers. Ferns for Wet Soils |
Grow in moist shade in a woodland garden, a damp border or at the edge of a pond. Mass in moist, shady woodland areas, wild gardens or wet areas near streams or ponds. Combines well with astilbes or hostas. Plant in conjunction with early spring wildflowers (e.g., trilliums, bloodroot, trout lilies or Dutchman's breeches) which will be well on the way toward dormancy by the time this fern reaches full size. It will grow in full sun with constant moisture. Clump-forming fern to grow in Part Shade and Full Shade in Medium to Wet soil. |
Matteuccia struthiopteris, young plant, Hurum, Buskerud (Norway). By Bjoertvedt via Wikimedia Commons.
English: Matteuccia Struthiopteris in Ypäjä, Tavastia Proper, Finland
Русский: Страусник обыкновенный. Спорофиллы и вайи. Россия, Савинский район Ивановской области.
Matteuccia struthiopteris |
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Onoclea Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern, Sympathy Fern Native to North America, Canada and North Asia. Onoclea comes from the Greek onos, vessel, and klein, to close, referring to the pinnules of the fertile leaf, which roll up into bead-like segments to enclose the sori. A member of the Woodsiaceae Cliff Fern Family. Zone 4
Available in USA from ArcheWild Native Nurseries - Quakertown, PA Toadshade Wildflower Farm - Frenchtown, NJ Prairie Nursery - Westfield, WI Yellow Springs Farm Native Plant Nursery - Chester Springs , PA |
Upright, then arching, lance-shaped or triangular, pinnate, pale green sterile fronds. The bead-like appearance of the fertile fronds accounts for this genus's common name of bead fern. Some say that the name sensitive fern originates from the frond's sensitivity to frost (they wither after the first subfreezing temperatures). Winter survival will be enhanced if the dried fronds are left on the plant through the winter. |
36-48 x 36-48 |
Miscellaneous Ferns Hardy deciduous ferns. Fronds, barren ones, broad, once-divided, green; fertile ones, narrow, contracted, once-divided, brown. |
Suitable for Ferns for Acid Soils. Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers Ferns for Wet Soils Cold-Hardy Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern The fertile fronds are often used in dried flower arrangements. Best in wet woodland gardens and moist locations alongside streams and ponds. Can grow in very wet soils as long as there is adequate oxygen. It cannot tolerate sour clay or stagnant water. Also, does not tolerate freezing well, turns black even in light frost. Shelters salamanders and frogs |
Open swamps, thickets, marshes, or low woods, in sunny or shaded locations, often forming thick stands from sea level to elevations of 1500 metres. It grows best in a shaded or partially shaded area in a moist soil. The plant can tolerate dryer conditions in shade, and will tolerate wet soils and so occurs in soggy ground or at the very edge of water in shade or sun. Sensitive ferns spread to form colonies and are often the first species to inhabit disturbed areas. They can become weedy if not sited properly. |
Rodgersia and Onoclea. 25 April 2014, 16:50. By peganum from Henfield, England via Wikimedia Commons
日本語: Onoclea sensibilis:コウヤワラビ
Juvenile Onoclea sensibilis sterile fronds in pots. By Coblands. |
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Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern, Flowering Fern Very hardy, Native to northeastern North America, India and Asia. The unusual common name for this fern arises because on the fertile fronds the fertile segments are carried in between sets of normal barren segments, giving the appearance of a gap in the frond. Young fronds are covered with wooly, pinkish hairs. |
The leaves grow from a rhizome growing at or below the ground. Forming a lovely spreading vase habit, this low-maintenance native fern makes a distinctive addition to the shade border or woodland garden. |
24-36 x 24-36 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Suitable for Accent Fern. Ferns for Acid Soils. Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. Ferns for Wet Soils. Cold-hardy Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Grows well with hostas in shaded woodland or wild gardens. Also effective along ponds or streams. Interesting accent for the shaded border. |
This clump-forming fern has erect rhizomes that form occasional offshoots and grows in moist-wet to wet, acidic garden soil. The plants have deciduous fronds and do poorly in the Gulf States and subtropical climates. Habitat in forests, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins (edges of wetlands). Easily grown in medium to wet soils in part shade to full shade. Prefers moist, rich, humusy, acidic soils, but adapts to lesser conditions. Deer resistant. |
Osmunda claytoniana.
Interrupted fern, Osmunda claytoniana, in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec. |
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Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern, Dagger Fern Very Hardy Species in Zone 3 |
Christmas fern grows in a circular form with all the leaves arising from a single point on the ground. It can form colonies but frequently grows singly or in twos or threes. The fronds grow from 30–80 cm long and 5–12 cm broad, divided into 20-35 pairs of leaflets or pinnae. Each pinna is typically 4 cm long and has a finely serrulate or spiny edge and is oblong to falcate in shape. |
12-18 x 12-18 Often used in Christmas floral arrangements because it is still attractive in December. It is a wonderful companion for spring blooming bulbs. Found in acidic to neutral soils on shaded slopes and well drained flats. The plant height varies from 1 to 2 feet (12-24 inches, 30-60 cms), and will gradually colonize an area even in poor soil. Christmas Fern is a top choice for gardens in Zones 3 through 9. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives The shield ferns of the genus Polystichum are small- to medium-sized terrestrial ferns commonly grown in temperate gardens. Many of the species are particularly attractive for their dark green, glossy, evergreen foliage. The plants are used in rock gardens, borders, or pots, and the larger species can be used as foundation plants or for background foliage. They are often slow to grow from spores. |
Ferns suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Fern Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern Cut Foliage Drought Tolerant in dry or moist shade Stove greenhouse and hardy ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Grow in well-drained soil, in shade it can tolerate dry conditions. Clump-forming. Grow in Part Shade and Full Shade. It is found in moist and shady habitats in woodlands, rocky slopes, and stream banks. The fern can conserve soil and allay erosion of steep slopes. The fronds are semi-erect until the first hard frost, after which they recline to be prostrate and effectively hold in place abscised foliage of the duff layer of the sylvan floor, which enables the gradual decomposition of the abscised foliage into humus, which in turn further conserves soil. |
Frond of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified.
Form of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified. By Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man) via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Polystichum aculeatum (Polystichum lobatum, Polypodium aculeatum, Aspidium aculeatum) Very Hardy Species in Zone 4. Native to Europe. It is most abundant in upland regions of the British Isles and western France, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers. |
Stiff, leathery, glossy, dark green evergreen leaves. Young fronds may be light green and provide a pleasant contrast to the mature rosette. Plants are very hardy in a shady, moist situation and may benefit from the addition of lime to the soil. |
24-36 x 20-40 Remove dead fronds before new ones unfurl in the spring. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in Julyat 15-16°C (59-61°F) and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow in cool, sheltered spot in rock garden |
This free-growing Fern is found in hedge-banks. It occurs in shady situations frequently in mountainous regions and often on limestone rocks. It grows on steep slopes in deciduous woodlands. It is found in mountain limestone screes in the Jura and the alps, and on alpine and subalpine limestone cliffs. Underplant roses and deciduous shrubs with this fern. |
Nederlands: Stijve naaldvaren sori English: Polystichum aculeatum, Allenbanks, Northumberland, UK; 04 May 2006. By MPF via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum andersonii Hardy Species in Zone 5(6) Native to North America, Pacific Northwest. Found growing in the mountains from Alaska south to Oregon and east to Montana. In Zones 6-9. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and evergreen, bud-bearing leaves - see Section 9 - Propagation It likes cool and drained soils, acidic and humusy, in the shade. |
Over It occurs where vegetation is dense, such as moist spruce-fir forests, avalanche chutes, along streams, and shrub thickets. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is found in deep woods in the mountains. Fronds grow to 100 cms (40 inches). It has a conspicuously chaffy fiddlehead and leaf stalk. Pinnae are deeply cut making it appear doubly pinnate. Bulblets form at the base of pinnae near the tip and may grow into a new plant when the frond touches the ground! |
English: Polystichum andersonii in Arboretum Rogow, Poland English: Polystichum andersonii in Arboretum Rogow, Poland |
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Polystichum munitum Hardy in Zone 7 Polystichum means many rows, referring to the arrangement of the spore cases on the undersides of the fronds. Munitum means armed with teeth, referring to its toothed fronds. Western Sword Fern is also known as Sword Holly Fern, Giant Holly Fern, Christmas Fern, Pineland Sword Fern, or Chamisso’s Shield Fern. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds.This species does best in moist, cool climates and does not grow well in the eastern of Southeastern United States. The species is native to the western United States, Canada, Alaska (Yukon), and Mexico (Guadalupe Island); it is naturalized in Europe. |
35-47 x 23-47 The dark green fronds of this fern grow in a tight clump spreading out radially from a round base. Individual fronds live for 1.5 to 2.5 years and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. Trim off dead fronds in early spring before new growth begins. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
The fronds are used by florists to include in vases. Hardy fern for a shady, moist situation in the garden or fernery. Plants are quite cold tolerant. The preferred habitat of this fern is the understory of moist coniferous woodlands at low elevations. It grows best in well-drained acidic soil of rich humus and small stones. It is very resilient and survives occasional droughts, but flourishes only with consistent moisture and light sunlight, and it prefers cool weather. |
Phenology: Fronds partially unroll their “fiddleheads” by late May; by late July the spores are near maturity.
Form of |
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Polystichum braunii Very Hardy in Zone 3(4) Suitable for Zones 4-9 |
Clump-forming rhizomes and dark green, shiny, evergreen fronds. The plants do best if placed in a cool site. The fiddleheads are particularly attractive because they are densely covered by silvery scales, which turn light brown with age. Consider planting rhizome at an angle to help combat potential crown rot problems which most often occur in poorly drained soils. |
12-29 x 12-23 (30-75 x 30-60) Stalks or stems are covered in golden-brown scales that contrast nicely against the leaflets. Dense, upright and arching habit, the fronds arising from a single point, giving a formal appearance. Easy and reliable. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in moist woodlands. (Native to British Columbia, southern Alaska, the Idaho panhandle—Listed as threatened or endangered in several eastern U.S. states). Excellent selection for shaded areas in the landscape, including borders, woodland gardens and wild gardens. |
Polski: Polystichum braunii. Polski: Polystichum braunii |
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Polystichum polyblepharum Bristle Fern, Japanese Sword Fern, Japanese Tassel fern Hardy in Zone 5 (6) Suitable for Zones 5-9 |
Erect rhizomes and dark green, glossy, evergreen fronds. This species is easy to grow. This species is native to Japan, southern Korea, and eastern China. It performs well in moist shady conditions. Plants form a tidy clump of arching dark green fronds with a glossy finish. Foliage remains evergreen in mild winter regions, but old fronds may be trimmed back in the spring. Well-behaved and not invasive. Shuttlecocks of spreading lance-shaped 2-pinnate shiny dark green fronds covered with golden hairs when they unfurl. |
12-23 x 18-23 Plants in Combination: "It demonstrates another good solid principle of planting design: foliage can be just as exciting as flowers, and it lasts a lot longer. 3 varieties of ferns and a groundcover serve as underplantings for a cutleaf, weeping Japanese maple. In the foreground is Japanese tassel fern, Polystichum polyblepharum. In the middle a Japanese painted fern, Athyrium niponicum var. pictum grows out of a groundcover of bugleweed, Ajuga reptans ‘Catlin’s Giant’. The large background planting is Japanese shield fern, Dryopteris erythrosora. All of these plantings thrive in soil that has been enriched with peat moss to a depth of about 12 inches and is kept lightly moist." |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
This is a beautiful low to medium-sized fern - Excellent for a woodland edging. A most striking fern as one of selected perennials for Oklahoma Gardens. Grow in a Rock Garden or well-drained border in the shade. |
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Sori of Polystichum polyblepharum in botanical garden in Batumi. Emerging fronds of Japanese Tassel Fern Polystichum Polyblepharum.
イノデ. Mature Japanese tassel fern (Polystichum polyblepharum) No.1.
イノデ. www.inaturalist. |
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Polystichum imbricans (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans) Dwarf Western Sword Fern, Imbricate Sword Fern, Narrowleaf Sword Fern Hardy in Zone 6. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Southern California |
Ascending to erect rhizomes. |
15 x |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Rock Garden and Wall. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is a hardy fern for a shady, moist position. Transplants well and lends a look of lushness to the woodland garden. Looks best planted in groups or drifts in part shade. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum lentum (Aspidium lentum, Aspidium auriculatum var. lentum, Polystichum auriculatum var. lentum) Himalayan Holly Fern Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Native to Tibet, China and Burma This is the most inclusive list of possible species in the genus Polystichum; there are currently 343 names on the list, all of which have been recognized in at least one floristic or systematic work. |
It forms an attractive sprawling rosette of slender, dark green fronds which are proliferous on the tip.
Temperate - Subtropical Bright spreading habit |
? |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. |
Ferns suitable for Hanging Basket. Greenhouse Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is common in the Himalayas growing on shady, humus-rich, rocky slopes. Grows easily in a variety of soils but likes shade. On rocks in montane broad-leaved evergreen forests |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum lonchitis (Polypodium lonchitis, Aspidium lonchitis, Dryopteris lonchitis) Very Hardy in Zone 3 Native to northern North America and Greenland. Lonchitis is from the Greek logch meaning spear, referring to its spear-shaped leaves. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and dark green, evergreen fronds. This is a true rock-Fern, occuring on the bleak mountains of Scotland and in the milder climate of Ireland, as well, rarely, in the north of England and Wales in 1929. This fern produces several erect linear leaves up to 60 centimetres (24 in) long. Each leaf is made up of many lance-shaped to oblong leaflets up to 3 or 4 centimetres (1.2 or 1.6 in) long. The leaflets have toothed and often spiny edges. |
10-24 x
This evergreen species is a calcicole, growing in well-drained, cool and moist positions at the base of cliffs, on rocky ledges, and particularly in stabilised boulder-scree. It also grows in deep grikes of limestone pavements. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in July and kept close under glass cover. Sporelings establish easily in a loamy soil to which lime has been added. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow on High and dry slopes. Plant in April |
A rarely grown fern confined to mountainous regions. Plants resent moving and are very slow to establish following such disturbance. They like shady, moist conditions and are very cold-hardy. It grows in mountains, often in rock crevices, throughout much of the northern hemisphere. It grows in moist, shady, rocky mountain habitat. |
Sori of Northern hollyfern (Polystichum lonchitis), Wood Fern family (Dryo-pteridaceae). Rocky slope between the Upper and Lower Red Pine Lakes. Red Pine Fork of the Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah. English: Form of Polystichum lonchitis, Grandes Rousses, Vaujany, Dauphiné, French Alps |
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Polystichum longipaleatum (Aspidium aculeatum var. setosum, Polystichum aculeatum var. setosum) In Eastern Asiatic Region Broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, shrubs; 1100-2600 m. Guangxi (Damiao Shan, Longsheng), Guizhou, Hunan (Xinning), Sichuan, Xizang (Dinggyê, Mêdog), Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal]. Zone 6-8 This is described in Ornamental Ferns of China |
A large fern of mountainous areas, prized for its spectacular flush of densely scaly fronds. The underside of the fronds is also covered with fine hair-like scales. Requires moist loamy soil and shady conditions. Evergreen. Fronds 50-120 cm (20-48 inch). |
? Polystichum longipaleatum (long scales), synonym Polystichum seto-sum, joins an illustrious group of shiny foliaged, showy evergreens that are garden worthy even as their botanical classification changes periodically. This Asian from China and the Himalayas has golden scaled, 6-in. (15-cm) stipes bearing bipinnate, broadly lanceolate, hairy 18-in. (45-cm) blades crowded with 40 pairs of linear pinnae. Introduce it to shade and rich soil in Zone 6 to 8 gardens, where it is well worthy of experimentation. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Woodland. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Habitat in Broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, shrubs. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum proliferum Hardy in Zone 5 This species is native to Australia - New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. Polystichum - from Greek poly, many and stichos, rows, referring to rows of sori. |
Erect rhizomes and dark green fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. This species is easy to grow and can be propagated from the bulbils on the fronds - see Section 9 - Propagation The rhizome and frond bases are covered in persistent scales which are glossy brown with pale edges. Fronds can reach up to 100 cm in length and 30 cm wide, are dark green when mature but lighter and paler when young. |
52 x 36 It will occur in amongst boulders and at lower altitudes - in wet forests. The species typically favours gullies and creeks as well as the cooler/moister, southern and eastern facing aspects. Polystichum proliferum will however, occur in drier vegetation types such as coastal scrub and dry schelorphyll, due to its hardy characteristics such as the ability to tolerate salt-laden winds and poor soil quality. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. Vegetative reproduction occurs when bulbils develop at end of the larger fronds grows into small plant. As the weight of the bulbil increases, the frond sags until the bulbil can take root in the soil underneath. It can then become the dominant ground cover |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Outdoor Containers. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
An attractive shield fern which grows in colonies, the fronds characteristically developing plantlets near the end which take root while still attached. Flushes of new fronds are covered with brown scales and are eye-catching. |
Fronds of Polystichum proliferum from Barrington Tops, photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons Photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (Australia) in January. This photo is from Gardenology.org and is available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum retroso-paleaceum Zones 5-8 retroso-paleaceum Epithet means "twisted back scales." |
An attractive shield fern which grows in colonies, the fronds characteristically developing plantlets near the end which take root while still attached - see Section 9 - Propagation . Flushes of new fronds are scaly and interesting. This species is native to Japan and Korea |
40-80 x 40-80 Rounded, overlapping pinnules give this fern a certain stoutness, which is complimented by its extremely furry golden scales running up the stipe and rachis. They very reliably form a nice regular vase shape with their fronds gently arching outward. Mature specimens are quite impressive when placed where they can be easily viewed from above, such as below a porch or balcony. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Outdoor Containers. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Evergreen plants are easily grown in a shady, moist garden position and are also ideal for a tub or large container. Large populations grow in rich soil throughout forests in Korea and especially Japan. New growth emerges early spring a bright green. Plant in afternoon to full shade in well drained moist soil. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum richardii Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Zones 8 (with protection) and 9 - it is only borderline hardy in Zone 8. For best results it needs serious protection or a life as an indoor plant. |
Erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds that vary from dark bluish green to olive green. The size of the fronds can be up to 50 by 25 centimetres (20 x 10 inches). The species is native to New Zealand |
12-24 x 20
A question I get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:- Cyclamen Dracunculus Epimedium Equisetum Fritillaria Omphaloides Uvularia |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Easily grown in a shady or partial sun aspect in loamy soil. Looks particularly attractive when planted among rocks. The common shield fern is found in dry places from the coast to lowland forest areas. |
Polystichum richardii in Te Reinga Falls, Hawkes's Bay (New Zealand).
Polystichum richardii in Eastwoodhill Arboretum (New Zealand). |
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Polystichum setiferum (Polystichum angulare, Polypodium angulare, Aspidium angulare) Hardy in Zone 6 This is one of the most graceful of all British native species. |
Erect rhizomes and fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. Many variants of this species from buds along the rachis - see Section 9 - Propagation . The plants do not like very high humidity. This species is native to Europe. This forms a medium-sized clump of very soft-textured fronds, dark green in colour with a glossy finish. Plants perform best in soils that remain evenly moist, and slightly on the acidic side. |
Height and Spread of
Graceful arching green fronds that droop at the tips as they unfurl showing lighter coloured undersides. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in hedge-banks and in lowland woods, preferring, like most of the larger Ferns, the presence of plenty of free (not stagnant) water. Remains evergreen in mild winter regions. Attractive as a specimen, massed, or in containers. Grow in a rock garden or well-drained border. |
Buds along the rachis of American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD. Polystichum setiferum . Polystichum setiferum in botanical garden in Batumi |
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Polystichum tsus-simense Hardy in |
A neat fern valued for its compact, spreading rosette. The fronds are fairly stiff and leathery and an interesting dark, purplish colour when young. Native to China, Japan and Korea. It forms a low mound of dark green fronds with black stems and delicate dark veining through the leaflets. New leaves have a purplish cast. Clumps may be divided after 4 to 5 years, in early spring. Trim off any tired looking fronds in spring, and they will soon be replaced by new ones. Tolerates summer heat and humidity. |
6-12 x 12-16 |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Makes an excellent pot plant and can also be grown in a shady position among rocks. In cold regions this may be grown in a container and wintered indoors. Excellent for edging in the woodland, or in the shady rock garden. Polystichum tsus-simense of eastern Asia, is commonly offered as a houseplant. |
Frond of Polystichum tsus-simense in Wellington Botanical Garden. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons Form of Polystichum tsus-simense. Specimen in the Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons with Multi-license GFDL, all CC-BY-SA permission. |
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Polystichum vestitum (Polypodium vestitum, Aspidium vestitum, Polystichum venustum, Aspidium venustum, Hardy in Zone 6 Native to the three principal islands of New Zealand (North Island, South Island and Stewart Island) and the Chatham Islands, as well as to New Zealand's subantarctic Snares, Antipodes, Auckland and Campbell Islands, and to Australia’s Macquarie Island. |
Erect rhizomes and harsh, prickly, semi-deciduous fronds that are dark green above, lighter below. This species grows in cool, moist climates. Can develop a small trunk. It is native to New Zealand. The fronds are 220–600 mm (9-24 inches) long. There are 3–7 (usually 5) round sori on each pinnule, halfway between the margin and midrib, with a light brown indusium. The ferns are usually bicolour with a dark brown centre that is surrounded by margins that are a pale brown. The fern is seriously affected by rabbit grazing. |
On the Snares Islands, clumps of P. vestitum are apparently the preferred cover for nests of the Snares Island snipe, Coenocorypha huegeli (Miskelly, 1999). Birds on the Snares that nest higher up apparently lose a lot of eggs or chicks to petrels. Petrels don't eat the other birds, but they also nest under cover in the area - and petrels are notoriously bad at making landings. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Geenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Easily grown from fresh spores and transplants. However, often slow to establish. Does best in a shaded site planted within a deep, free draining humus-enriched fertile soil. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Greenhouse Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Plants are very cold-hardy and will withstand severe frosts and snow. Likes plenty of moisture and will tolerate shade to partial sun. Polystichum vestitum is common in the more exposed landscapes such as gulley floors, forest margins and tussock grasslands, but can also be found in abundance in the more cooler and wetter forests. It is found in conjunction with Stilbocarpa polaris, Poa foliosa and Pleurophyllum hookeri. |
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Sori of Polystichum vestitum in Dunedin Botanic Garden. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons
Juvenile Fronds of Polystichum Vestitum Form of Polystichum vestitum in Auckland Botanic Gardens. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum whiteleggei Sub-tropical zone |
Plants have long and broad bright green fronds attractively divided, with the stipe and young fronds covered with large, papery scales. They like shady conditions in moist but well-drained soil The fern is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea; it is locally common to rare on the edges and flanks of the summits of Mounts Lidgbird and Gower. |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Conservatory or Heated Greenhouse. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Damp banks support a variety of ferns including the endemic Dryopteris apiculis and Polystichum whiteleggei in Lord Howean Hill Forest on Lord Howe Island. |
Polystichum whiteleggei. By John Game from Berkeley, United States via Wikimedia Commons |
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Nephrolepis cordifolia (Nephrolepis tuberosa, Polypodium cordifolium, Aspidium cordifolium) Native to northern Australia and Asia. The genus name comes from the Greek nephros, kidney, and lepis, scale, referrring to the kidney-bean-shaped indusia. Nephrolepis cordifolia has become an invasive species is some areas where it has been introduced. In New Zealand it is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord, which prohibits the sale, cultivation and distribution of the plant. |
Nephrolepis cordifolia is a wood fern that typically grows in woodland areas. Both fertile and sterile fronds are pinnate, up to 3 feet in length and 3 inches wide. There are many leaflets, or pinnae, ranging from 40-100 mm (1.5 to 4 inches) on each side of the rachis. Each pinna is oblong to lanceolate with an auricle that overlaps rachis. Rhizomes are orange/brown to pale brown with linear scales having hair like tips. Stolons are straw colored and produce small underground tubers. The presence of tubers distinguishes sword fern from the native Nephrolepis exaltata fern. Numerous sori (spore containing structures) are also produced between the leaflet midvein and margin. Dispersal occurs via spores and through the movement of stolons, tubers, and rhizomes.
Hardy to 25°F. |
24-36 x 24-36 |
Boston Ferns (Nephrolepis)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of pans of sandy peat under bell-glass and placed in temperature 75-85F (24-30C) any time; division of plants, February-April; or by pegging down creeping stems bearing young plants and removing when rooted. The most common problem in caring for established plants is overwatering combined with poor drainage. These ferns generally tolerate short periods of dryness. Grows in wet, shady places, limestone ledges, cliffs, rock and roadsides in North America. |
Suitable for Basket fern. Stove Evergreen Ferns. Fronds linear, narrow, once divided, plain or crested. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Ground cover in tropical and subtropical areas. Grows from shade to full sun (grows in full sun if given ample water) in soil, among rocks or as an epiphyte (particularly on palm trunks). It is colony former and is popularly grown in temperate regions but in the tropics is generally regarded as a weed. It can be grown in gardens, pots or baskets. Bayabang grows in the Philippines as a hedge plant.
Also in |
Español: Cola de Quetzal (Nephrolepis cordifolia), jardín botánico de Tallinn, Estonia
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl from Rodney Ecological District. This image has been released as "CCBY" by Auckland War Memorial Museum. By Ewen Cameron via Wikimedia Commons.
Nephrolepis cordifolia - Sori. Date 19 March 2008. By Ixitixel via Wikimedia Commons |
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Cheilanthes californica (Hypolepis californica, Adiantopsis californica) California, Mexico Needs dry atmosphere. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. It has lacy fronds of an attractive fresh green. Aspidotis californica has leaves that are thin and dissected into many triangular leaflets which are subdivided into small segments with curled teeth. |
2-6 x 2-4 |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Greenhouse Fern. It occurs naturally on shaded, rock sites. In cultivation, it has proved tricky to maintain requiring a very porous, acid mixture, bright light but not sun, and ample air movement. Plants are susceptible to overwatering. It grows in rock cracks and crevices in many types of habitat, including Chaparral, Yellow pine forest, Foothill oak woodland, and Valley grassland in California, USA. |
See Botanical Figure. |
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Cheilanthes dalhousiae (Aleuritopteris leptolepis) China, North India Aleuritopteris leptolepis was long known to Asian botanists as A. dalhousiae, but the basionym Cheilanthes dalhousiae was typified by a mixed collection and was thus of ambiguous application; the name has been formally rejected preventing further use. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. |
8-12 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A delightful fern which forms clumps of erect, narrow-deltoid fronds, the segments coarsely toothed. It occurs at high altitudes and is apparently cold-hardy. Rock crevices in forests; 1900-3500 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines]. |
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Cheilanthes distans + Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia This small plant is native to various parts of Australia including Western Australia and New South Wales in the east. It is occasionally seen around Sydney in rocky exposed areas. The Bristly Cloak Fern grows in areas of high rainfall as well as the semi arid areas of inland Australia. distans: distant (widely spaced female flowers). Found in drier, exposed areas in the eastern parts of the North Island from the Bay of Islands the middle of the South Island of New Zealand. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Fronds crowded, to 30 cm high, < 3 cm wide; stipe red-brown to dark brown, shiny, moderately to densely covered with lanceolate, entire brown scales; lamina narrow-lanceolate, 2-pinnate, upper surface sparsely hairy with simple whitish hairs, lower surface with scales only, golden-brown; ultimate segments sessile, 1–6 mm long and 1 mm wide. |
4-6 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. Minute spores are wind dispersed (Thorsen et al., 2009). |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A fairly easily grown species which forms clumps of slender fronds that are covered with bristly scales. Attractive in a pot or rock garden. Needs acid, humus-rich soil in a part shade situation. It has a woolly appearance with small white hairs on the top side of the fronds, and a rusty brown underneath. Grows on rocky hillsides in woodland or open forest in New South Wales, Australia. Coastal to montane in dry, rocky habitats with only sparse or no vegetation cover. Often found growing with Asplenium flabellifolium, Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi and Pellaea calidirupium. More common in the drier eastern parts of the country of New Zealand. |
Cheilanthes distans at UC Berkeley Botanical Garden, California, USA. Identified by sign. Date 31 March 2010. By Stickpen via Wikimedia Commons. See other photos and Noosa's Publications. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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Companion Plants
A question Shady Plants get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:-
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Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)