FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. USE OF FERN as Ferns for Rock Garden in the UK from Ferns for Home and Garden Flowers & Plants. Published by Magna Books in 1995. ISBN 1 85422 888 9. Design and text of plan, planting plan, flowering and colour scheme: Bureau Willemien Dijkshoorn BNT, Amsterdam:-
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Dryopteris marginalis (Aspidium marginale, Nephrodium marginale, Polypodium marginale) Eastern Wood Fern, marginal shield fern, marginal wood fern. The species is native to northeastern North America, where it grows on or among rocks. |
Fronds are dark blue-green and are carried in a tussock. |
18-24 x 18-24 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Cold-hardy ferns. Lime-hating Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-tolerant Fern.
Grow in shady areas of the woodland, rock, native plant or wild garden. Mixes well with spring wildflowers, purple-leafed heucheras and hostas. Excellent as a specimen or in groups. |
Evergreen Fern. |
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Frond of Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray, dryoptère à sores marginaux, dryoptéride marginale. By David J. Stang via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris marginalis sori, Tom Dorman State Nature Preserve Garrard County, Kentucky. By Masebrock at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons |
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Giant Wood Fern, Goldie's Fern. The species is native to eastern North America |
The new fronds of this fern are covered with prominent white and brown scales and the flush on a large plant in spring is quite decorative. |
Over 36 x 36 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Ferns for Wet Soils. |
Deciduous Fern. Plants grow easily in a shady position with plenty of moisture. In cold climates the fronds are deciduous. |
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Detail of back of Dryopteris goldiana, showing sori. Photo was taken in early July, 2007. By Maria97 at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris goldiana - Botanical specimen in Jenkins Arboretum, 631 Berwyn Baptist Road, Devon, Pennsylvania, USA. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons |
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Interrupted Fern, Flowering Fern Very hardy, Native to northeastern North America, India and Asia. The unusual common name for this fern arises because on the fertile fronds the fertile segments are carried in between sets of normal barren segments, giving the appearance of a gap in the frond. Young fronds are covered with wooly, pinkish hairs. |
The leaves grow from a rhizome growing at or below the ground. Forming a lovely spreading vase habit, this low-maintenance native fern makes a distinctive addition to the shade border or woodland garden. |
24-36 x 24-36 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Suitable for Accent Fern. Ferns for Acid Soils. Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. Ferns for Wet Soils. Cold-hardy Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Grows well with hostas in shaded woodland or wild gardens. Also effective along ponds or streams. Interesting accent for the shaded border. |
This clump-forming fern has erect rhizomes that form occasional offshoots and grows in moist-wet to wet, acidic garden soil. The plants have deciduous fronds and do poorly in the Gulf States and subtropical climates. Habitat in forests, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins (edges of wetlands). Easily grown in medium to wet soils in part shade to full shade. Prefers moist, rich, humusy, acidic soils, but adapts to lesser conditions. Deer resistant. |
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Osmunda claytoniana.
Interrupted fern, Osmunda claytoniana, in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec. |
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Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern, Dagger Fern Very Hardy Species in Zone 3
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Christmas fern grows in a circular form with all the leaves arising from a single point on the ground. It can form colonies but frequently grows singly or in twos or threes. The fronds grow from 30–80 cm long and 5–12 cm broad, divided into 20-35 pairs of leaflets or pinnae. Each pinna is typically 4 cm long and has a finely serrulate or spiny edge and is oblong to falcate in shape. |
12-18 x 12-18 Often used in Christmas floral arrangements because it is still attractive in December. It is a wonderful companion for spring blooming bulbs. Found in acidic to neutral soils on shaded slopes and well drained flats. The plant height varies from 1 to 2 feet (12-24 inches, 30-60 cms), and will gradually colonize an area even in poor soil. Christmas Fern is a top choice for gardens in Zones 3 through 9. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives The shield ferns of the genus Polystichum are small- to medium-sized terrestrial ferns commonly grown in temperate gardens. Many of the species are particularly attractive for their dark green, glossy, evergreen foliage. The plants are used in rock gardens, borders, or pots, and the larger species can be used as foundation plants or for background foliage. They are often slow to grow from spores. |
Ferns suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Fern Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern Cut Foliage Drought Tolerant in dry or moist shade Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow in Rock Garden |
Evergreen Fern Grow in well-drained soil, in shade it can tolerate dry conditions. Clump-forming. Grow in Part Shade and Full Shade. It is found in moist and shady habitats in woodlands, rocky slopes, and stream banks. The fern can conserve soil and allay erosion of steep slopes. The fronds are semi-erect until the first hard frost, after which they recline to be prostrate and effectively hold in place abscised foliage of the duff layer of the sylvan floor, which enables the gradual decomposition of the abscised foliage into humus, which in turn further conserves soil. |
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Frond of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified.
Form of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified. By Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man) via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Polystichum aculeatum (Polystichum lobatum, Polypodium aculeatum, Aspidium aculeatum) Very Hardy Species in Zone 4. Native to Europe. It is most abundant in upland regions of the British Isles and western France, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers. |
Stiff, leathery, glossy, dark green evergreen leaves. Young fronds may be light green and provide a pleasant contrast to the mature rosette. Plants are very hardy in a shady, moist situation and may benefit from the addition of lime to the soil. |
24-36 x 20-40 Remove dead fronds before new ones unfurl in the spring. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in Julyat 15-16°C (59-61°F) and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow in cool, sheltered spot in rock garden |
This free-growing Fern is found in hedge-banks. It occurs in shady situations frequently in mountainous regions and often on limestone rocks. It grows on steep slopes in deciduous woodlands. It is found in mountain limestone screes in the Jura and the alps, and on alpine and subalpine limestone cliffs. Underplant roses and deciduous shrubs with this fern. |
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Nederlands: Stijve naaldvaren sori English: Polystichum aculeatum, Allenbanks, Northumberland, UK; 04 May 2006. By MPF via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum cystostegia (Polystichum cystostegium, Aspidium cystostegia, Dryopteris cystostegia) A very hardy little fern from alpine regions. Native to New Zealand |
The stipes and rachises are covered with conspicuous, brown scales. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network has publications - Our unique strength is in linking people interested in plant conservation with comprehensive, accessible and accurate information to support their efforts in promoting and conserving native plants. There is a library of books made by Network members using the website book-making facility. |
12 x 20 This tough little fern is generally found growing in sheltered crevices amongst rocks where it spreads by a branching underground stem in some of the higher altitude rocky and stony places (boulderfields) of Mt Taranaki in North Island of New Zealand. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Plants are very cold tolerant and are ideal for a rock garden. Plant Citation from Plant Information Online of University of Minnesota - Alpine Gardener, The. vol 78, no. 1. (2010) p 56 Parts Shown: Leaf Photo |
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Polystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J.B.Armstr. English: Polystichum cystostegium by Peter de Lange via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum imbricans (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans) Dwarf Western Sword Fern, Imbricate Sword Fern, Narrowleaf Sword Fern Hardy in Zone 6. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Southern California |
Ascending to erect rhizomes. |
15 x |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Rock Garden and Wall. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is a hardy fern for a shady, moist position. Transplants well and lends a look of lushness to the woodland garden. Looks best planted in groups or drifts in part shade. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum lentum (Aspidium lentum, Aspidium auriculatum var. lentum, Polystichum auriculatum var. lentum) Himalayan Holly Fern Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Native to Tibet, China and Burma This is the most inclusive list of possible species in the genus Polystichum; there are currently 343 names on the list, all of which have been recognized in at least one floristic or systematic work. |
It forms an attractive sprawling rosette of slender, dark green fronds which are proliferous on the tip.
Temperate - Subtropical Bright spreading habit |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. |
Ferns suitable for Hanging Basket. Greenhouse Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is common in the Himalayas growing on shady, humus-rich, rocky slopes. Grows easily in a variety of soils but likes shade. On rocks in montane broad-leaved evergreen forests |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum lonchitis (Polypodium lonchitis, Aspidium lonchitis, Dryopteris lonchitis) Very Hardy in Zone 3 Native to northern North America and Greenland. Lonchitis is from the Greek logch meaning spear, referring to its spear-shaped leaves. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and dark green, evergreen fronds. This is a true rock-Fern, occuring on the bleak mountains of Scotland and in the milder climate of Ireland, as well, rarely, in the north of England and Wales in 1929. This fern produces several erect linear leaves up to 60 centimetres (24 in) long. Each leaf is made up of many lance-shaped to oblong leaflets up to 3 or 4 centimetres (1.2 or 1.6 in) long. The leaflets have toothed and often spiny edges. |
10-24 x
This evergreen species is a calcicole, growing in well-drained, cool and moist positions at the base of cliffs, on rocky ledges, and particularly in stabilised boulder-scree. It also grows in deep grikes of limestone pavements. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in July and kept close under glass cover. Sporelings establish easily in a loamy soil to which lime has been added. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow on High and dry slopes. Plant in April |
A rarely grown fern confined to mountainous regions. Plants resent moving and are very slow to establish following such disturbance. They like shady, moist conditions and are very cold-hardy. It grows in mountains, often in rock crevices, throughout much of the northern hemisphere. It grows in moist, shady, rocky mountain habitat. |
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Sori of Northern hollyfern (Polystichum lonchitis), Wood Fern family (Dryo-pteridaceae). Rocky slope between the Upper and Lower Red Pine Lakes. Red Pine Fork of the Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah. English: Form of Polystichum lonchitis, Grandes Rousses, Vaujany, Dauphiné, French Alps |
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Polystichum proliferum Hardy in Zone 5 This species is native to Australia - New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. Polystichum - from Greek poly, many and stichos, rows, referring to rows of sori. |
Erect rhizomes and dark green fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. This species is easy to grow and can be propagated from the bulbils on the fronds - see Section 9 - Propagation The rhizome and frond bases are covered in persistent scales which are glossy brown with pale edges. Fronds can reach up to 100 cm in length and 30 cm wide, are dark green when mature but lighter and paler when young. |
52 x 36 It will occur in amongst boulders and at lower altitudes - in wet forests. The species typically favours gullies and creeks as well as the cooler/moister, southern and eastern facing aspects. Polystichum proliferum will however, occur in drier vegetation types such as coastal scrub and dry schelorphyll, due to its hardy characteristics such as the ability to tolerate salt-laden winds and poor soil quality. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. Vegetative reproduction occurs when bulbils develop at end of the larger fronds grows into small plant. As the weight of the bulbil increases, the frond sags until the bulbil can take root in the soil underneath. It can then become the dominant ground cover |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Outdoor Containers. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
An attractive shield fern which grows in colonies, the fronds characteristically developing plantlets near the end which take root while still attached. Flushes of new fronds are covered with brown scales and are eye-catching. |
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Fronds of Polystichum proliferum from Barrington Tops, photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons Photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (Australia) in January. This photo is from Gardenology.org and is available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum richardii Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Zones 8 (with protection) and 9 - it is only borderline hardy in Zone 8. For best results it needs serious protection or a life as an indoor plant. |
Erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds that vary from dark bluish green to olive green. The size of the fronds can be up to 50 by 25 centimetres (20 x 10 inches). The species is native to New Zealand |
12-24 x 20
A question I get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:- Cyclamen Dracunculus Epimedium Equisetum Fritillaria Omphaloides Uvularia |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Easily grown in a shady or partial sun aspect in loamy soil. Looks particularly attractive when planted among rocks. The common shield fern is found in dry places from the coast to lowland forest areas. |
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Polystichum richardii in Te Reinga Falls, Hawkes's Bay (New Zealand).
Polystichum richardii in Eastwoodhill Arboretum (New Zealand). |
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Polystichum setiferum* (Polystichum angulare, Polypodium angulare, Aspidium angulare) Hardy in Zone 6 This is one of the most graceful of all British native species. |
Erect rhizomes and fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. Many variants of this species from buds along the rachis - see Section 9 - Propagation . The plants do not like very high humidity. This species is native to Europe. This forms a medium-sized clump of very soft-textured fronds, dark green in colour with a glossy finish. Plants perform best in soils that remain evenly moist, and slightly on the acidic side. |
Height and Spread of
Graceful arching green fronds that droop at the tips as they unfurl showing lighter coloured undersides. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in hedge-banks and in lowland woods, preferring, like most of the larger Ferns, the presence of plenty of free (not stagnant) water. Remains evergreen in mild winter regions. Attractive as a specimen, massed, or in containers. Grow in a rock garden or well-drained border. |
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Buds along the rachis of American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD. Polystichum setiferum . Polystichum setiferum in botanical garden in Batumi |
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Polystichum scopulinum Very Hardy in Zone 4 It is native to much of western North America, and it is known from disjunct occurrences in eastern Canada, as well. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and leathery, semi-evergreen fronds. This species is difficult to grow. This fern produces several erect, narrowly lance-shaped leaves up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length. The leaves narrow near the bases. Each leaf is divided into many lance-shaped or oblong leaflets up to 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) long. The toothed leaflets are sometimes twisted on their axes and overlapping. The species is native to western North America and Canada. |
20 x 12-40
Habitat in Moist rock crevices in subalpine zone, and moist rocks along rivers in the valleys. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Rock crevices and at base of boulders, serpentine to acidic substrates, usually exposed to full sun; 0--3500 m; B.C., Nfld., Que.; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo. |
A small leathery fern suitable for planting among rocks. It is found in dry coniferous forest or more commonly on cliffs and talus slopes. It is more frequent east of the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains; it also grows in eastern Canada. It grows in rocky habitat, often in full sun. It is widespread but mostly found in small populations, and is noted to be most abundant on serpentine soils - Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area in Baltimore County, Maryland, covers 1,900 acres of serpentine barren. The area has over 38 rare, threatened, or endangered plant species as well as rare insects, rocks and minerals. |
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Fig. 35. Polystichum scopulinum from the second edition of An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1913). By Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown via Wikimedia Commons Polystichum scopulinum by Sheri Hagwood. Bureau of Land Management. United States, ID, Bureau of Land Management Jarbidge Resource Area. August 1, 2006 via Wikimedia Commons |
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Astrolepis beitelii (Astrolepis laevis, Cheilanthes beitelii) This fern prefers warm Zone 9 rock garden sites. The name is derived from the Greek astro, star, and lepis, scale, and captures the botanical personality of this star-studded genus. |
Once-pinnate, strongly vertical, clustered, 8- to 20-in. (20-to 50-cm), linear blades. The lobed, evergreen, bluish pinnae have linear hairs on the upper surface and brown to silver scales below. The rosy stipe with a mixture of whitish scales and hairs is one-fourth of the frond length. Grows from central Mexico to Guatemala, often on rocky slopes. |
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Xerophytic Ferns |
Suitable for Rock Garden. |
In cultivation they share a preference for well-drained, gravelly soil, and garden or artificial sites offering winter wet protection (under overhanging eaves or in the specialized climate of an alpine house). They are cultivated in Zones 7 to 9 and are not as temperamental as some of the other xerics. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Astrolepis sinuata (Cheilanthes sinuata and Notholaena sinuata) Zones 7b-9b The name is derived from the Greek astro, star, and lepis, scale, and captures the botanical personality of this star-studded genus. |
Evergreen fronds softly dressed in xeric characteristic, small silver stellate hairs above and masses of protective, whitish scales and hairs below. Once-pinnate, 18-in. (45-cm) blades stand upright in dense clusters with 20 or more pairs of chubby, lobed pinnae looking like miniature cookie-cutter holly leaves. |
12-24 x 12-18 |
Xerophytic Ferns Propagation: By spores and root division. |
Suitable for Rock Garden. Full Sun, Part Shade. Dry Soil Moisture. High Drought Tolerance. Cold Tolerant and Heat Tolerant. Very nice under the eaves in your little sheltered tufa garden or planted out with really great drainage in your gravel garden or kept in a display pot sheltered over winter. Deer and Rabbit Resistant. In nature, it usually grows with its roots hidden beneath a large rock. |
In typical xeric fashion this fern inhabits rocky crevices and slopes sometimes on limestone. It makes an elegant, conversational element, given a blessing of gritty compost and shelter from wet winter slop, in zones 7 to 9. Limestone is not necessary. It also makes a fine houseplant. Astrolepis sinuata is a lower elevation, dry habitat fern typically found growing underneath evergreen desert & semi-desert shrubs in rocky soil or rock crevices. Although the fronds like to be in full sun, the roots like to remain shaded. This fern is semi-evergreen with thick green fronds the undersides of which are cinnamon in color forming a tight 18 wide upright clump with a short creeping rhizome. |
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Astrolepis sinuata at the University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California. By Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons
Astrolepis sinuata - Botanical specimen in the Zilker Botanical Garden - Austin, Texas, USA. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons
See other photos. |
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Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia (Cheilanthes tenuifolia) Australia, New Zealand The Seeds of South Australia database contains 143 families, 837 genera and 3,103 native species with 29,293 images (also with 400 introduced species). |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Bright green fronds grow from an underground rhizome. Fronds die down in summer and return with the rain in Autumn. Spore cases partially enclosed by scalloped margins of lobes. |
4-20 x Fronds crowded, mostly 15–30 cm high, 3–10 cm wide at the widest point; stipe red-brown, dark brown or black, covered densely at the base with transparent scales; lamina lanceolate to triangular, 2–3-pinnate, glabrous above, sparsely scaly below; ultimate segments sessile, 2–6 mm long and 1–3 mm wide, with crenate margins. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Conservatory and Heated Greenhouse. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
This is a dwarf fern which develops into compact clumps of bright green, finely divided fronds. It usually occurs in rocky situations and plants look particularly appealing in a rock garden, especially when situated against dark rocks. Plants require well-drained, acid, humus-rich soils in a sunny situation. Once a common understory plant along streams in moist areas of Southern Australia. Grows in rocky ground in open forest or on exposed rocky slopes in New South Wales. Garden Use in Victoria, Australia:While difficult to establish it is very tough for rockeries and exposed positions provided it has root protection. |
Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia H.M.Quirk & T.C.Chambers, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 4 November 2010. By Donald Hobern from Copenhagen, Denmark via Wikimedia Commons. See more photos from Seeds of South Australia. |
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Cheilanthes argentea Eastern Asia, Northern India, Japan, China, Siberia USDA Zone 5a From the Greek cheilos (lip) and anthos (flower) |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Loves a site where the roots can stay cool and moist down among rocks. Fronds curl when stressed by drought, but unfurl when moisture returns. |
4-8 x 4-6 Deer resistant. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. It needs sharp drainage and lime to do well, winter wet would be the biggest danger for this fern. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Herbaceous fern in Full Sun but prefers Part Shade. A decorative dwarf fern with attractively-shaped fronds which are dark green on the surface and silvery on the underside from a covering of waxy powder. It is an easily grown species that requires plenty of light, looks attractive among rocks. It is a cute little deer-resistant dryland fern that's a great choice for the rock garden, but good drainage is essential for success. Excellent in walls and rockeries, the favoured locations for these ferns. |
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Cheilanthes brownii (Cheilanthes vellea, Notholaena vellea) Native to Western Australia |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. The fronds are covered on both surfaces with a dense mat of woolly hairs. |
4-10 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
This is a fern of arid and semi-arid climates usually growing among rocks. Plants are attractive when planted among dark rocks in a sunny rock garden. Rhizomatous, perennial, herb or (fern), 0.04-0.35 m high, blade 2(-3)-pinnate at the base, densely woolly-hairy; sori continuous along margin. Fl. Jan to Aug. Red sandy loam, yellow sand, brown clay. Rock crevices, amongst rocks, shallow soil near seepage areas. |
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See photos. |
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Cheilanthes californica (Hypolepis californica, Adiantopsis californica) California, Mexico Needs dry atmosphere. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. It has lacy fronds of an attractive fresh green. Aspidotis californica has leaves that are thin and dissected into many triangular leaflets which are subdivided into small segments with curled teeth. |
2-6 x 2-4 |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Greenhouse Fern. It occurs naturally on shaded, rock sites. In cultivation, it has proved tricky to maintain requiring a very porous, acid mixture, bright light but not sun, and ample air movement. Plants are susceptible to overwatering. It grows in rock cracks and crevices in many types of habitat, including Chaparral, Yellow pine forest, Foothill oak woodland, and Valley grassland in California, USA. |
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See Botanical Figure. |
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Cheilanthes covillei Southwestern United States - California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona. Mexico. Semi-hardy, |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Tends to be winter deciduous, but its stiff upright form and reflective undersides are smashing in the dryish shade garden. Grows slowly in part sun where soil is well drained. Drought tolerant but accepts some summer water. To 12 inches tall and wide. Frost hardy to 15 °F. |
2-6 x 12 |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small evergreen fern with compact, short-creeping rhizomes and clustered fronds. Grows under high light in well-drained garden soil kept moist-dry to dry. A desert-inhabiting fern found naturally in mountainous areas. It forms small clumps of pleasantly divided fronds which are bright green on the surface and covered with white or brown scales on the underside. Plants need very good drainage, bright light and plenty of air movement. Watering must be done carefully so as to keep the fronds dry. Deer Resistant. Dry soil when dormant. |
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Cheilanthes covillei — Coville's lip fern. At the Regional Parks Botanic Garden, Berkeley, California. Taken April 2007 by User:Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons Cheilanthes covillei—Coville's lip fern. Widespread throughout the deserts of Southwestern US and Baja California. Hides amongst the rocks. Photographed at Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, CA. By John Rusk from Berkeley, CA, United States of America via Wikimedia Commons |
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Cheilanthes dalhousiae (Aleuritopteris leptolepis) China, North India Aleuritopteris leptolepis was long known to Asian botanists as A. dalhousiae, but the basionym Cheilanthes dalhousiae was typified by a mixed collection and was thus of ambiguous application; the name has been formally rejected preventing further use. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. |
8-12 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A delightful fern which forms clumps of erect, narrow-deltoid fronds, the segments coarsely toothed. It occurs at high altitudes and is apparently cold-hardy. Rock crevices in forests; 1900-3500 m. SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines]. |
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Cheilanthes distans + Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia This small plant is native to various parts of Australia including Western Australia and New South Wales in the east. It is occasionally seen around Sydney in rocky exposed areas. The Bristly Cloak Fern grows in areas of high rainfall as well as the semi arid areas of inland Australia. distans: distant (widely spaced female flowers). Found in drier, exposed areas in the eastern parts of the North Island from the Bay of Islands the middle of the South Island of New Zealand. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Fronds crowded, to 30 cm high, < 3 cm wide; stipe red-brown to dark brown, shiny, moderately to densely covered with lanceolate, entire brown scales; lamina narrow-lanceolate, 2-pinnate, upper surface sparsely hairy with simple whitish hairs, lower surface with scales only, golden-brown; ultimate segments sessile, 1–6 mm long and 1 mm wide. |
4-6 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. Minute spores are wind dispersed (Thorsen et al., 2009). |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A fairly easily grown species which forms clumps of slender fronds that are covered with bristly scales. Attractive in a pot or rock garden. Needs acid, humus-rich soil in a part shade situation. It has a woolly appearance with small white hairs on the top side of the fronds, and a rusty brown underneath. Grows on rocky hillsides in woodland or open forest in New South Wales, Australia. Coastal to montane in dry, rocky habitats with only sparse or no vegetation cover. Often found growing with Asplenium flabellifolium, Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi and Pellaea calidirupium. More common in the drier eastern parts of the country of New Zealand. |
Cheilanthes distans at UC Berkeley Botanical Garden, California, USA. Identified by sign. Date 31 March 2010. By Stickpen via Wikimedia Commons. See other photos and Noosa's Publications. |
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Cheilanthes farinosa (Pteris farinosa, Aleuritopteris farinosa) Abyssinia, Java, Mexico, Central America
The common name of this fern alludes to the undersurface of the fronds which appear as if they have been liberally dusted with flour. farinosa: mealy, referring to the powdery substance on the undersurface of the leaves. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. It has triangular to narrowly triangular blades that are two-pinnate and have a white or yellow powder on the lower surface. This species is native to the tropics of the world. |
12-18 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Stove Fern. This is a neat-clumping fern with finely divided fronds. Cultivation needs are for a brightly lit (part sun) situation in well-drained neutral to alkaline soils. A small to medium fern with compact rhizomes and clustered fronds. Grows under high light in drained, moist-dry garden soil or potting mix. Habitat is mostly in undergrowth of moist forest in tropical Africa. |
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See photos. |
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Cheilanthes kuhnii (Hemionitis kuhnii, Aleuritopteris kuhnii) China |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. New fronds are attractively scaly and mature fronds are covered with silvery powder on the underside. |
8-12 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small fern forming erect clumps. Plants extend to high altitudes and are probably hardy in a temporate climate. Rock crevices on dry slopes, forests; 1000-3500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia]. |
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See Spore Photo. Click on image files. |
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Cheilanthes lasiophylla Australia - Endemic to Australia and more common in the drier western and central regions of the country. Restricted in Victoria to the north-west near the South Australian border and at two isolated localities in north-central Victoria. USDA Zones 7a-10b |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. |
4-8 x
This Fern is growing in garden of Alison Evans ,who is a member of the British Pteridological Society. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
This is a very hardy fern which adapts well to a dry climate, the fronds curling quickly in dry times and resurrecting within a few hours of rain. The narrow fronds are dark green above and have masses of brown hairs and scales on the underside. An attractive plant for a sunny rock garden. On rocky outcrops and hills in inland arid regions in New South Wales in Australia. Sandy loam, red clayey sand. On rocky slopes and in rock crevices in Western Australia. |
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Cheilanthes lasiophylla frond lower. By Mark Marathon via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes lasiophylla frond. By Mark Marathon via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes lasiophylla habit. By Mark Marathon via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Cheilanthes lanosa (Notholaena vestita) Hardy in USDA Zone 5, where it is native to the eastern United States. Native to the Southwestern US, this will handle hot, dry summers, with its roots cool down among the rocks. Myriopteris lanosa, the hairy lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern of the eastern United States, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Its leaves and stem are sparsely covered in hairs, but lack scales, hence its common name. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows in shallow, dry, soil, often in rocky habitats. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums.
Suitable for rockeries, beds, border fringes or in the container with Dianthus, Sempervivums or Sedums for example. A hardy plant which should survive normal winter conditions outside, especially if protected from the hardest frosts in the UK. Lovely with other woodland plants or grown in a greenhouse in the UK. Perfect respite for woodland animals when grouped. |
8-16 x 4-20 Will not tolerate winter wet. Grow in sharply-drained, gritty, humus-rich soil in full sun, with protection from winter rain. Otherwise grow under glass in full light, with low humidity and good ventilation, in a mix of equal parts loam-based potting compost and coarse grit plus 10 percent added charcoal, and water sparingly in the UK. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass.
This evergreen fern is best grown as a house plant here in the UK, although it can survice out in the garden if its roots are well protected from cold. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small to medium evergreen fern with short-creeping rhizomes bearing clustered, grayish fronds. Grows under medium-high light in well-drained, acidic garden soil or potting mix kept moist-dry to dry. It usually grows on the ground in or among sandstone; it does not grow on vertical cliff faces. A neat fern with clumps of bright green fronds which are densely woolly on the underside. Likes dry conditions in a sunny situation. Soil requirements are acid to neutral with excellent drainage. Must not be overwatered. It can also grow in open woodlands and other open areas. It grows in shallow soil on rocky slopes and ledges, although not usually on cliff faces, at an altitude from 100 to 800 meters (300 to 3,000 ft). It is not particularly sensitive to rock type, growing on limestone, granite and sandstone, among others. |
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Cheilanthes lanosa at the University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California. Date: September 2006. By Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes lanosa. Date: 10 July 2011. |
"Although this fern is quite hardy (-15°C), it does not like too much damp in winter. |
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Cheilanthes mulifida (Adiantum globatum, Adiantum multifidum, Cheilanthes bolusii) Africa, St. Helena - Widespread throughout Swaziland, but more frequent on the western highveld, occurring at altitudes ranging from 760 to 1 672 m. The species is widespread in west-central tropical Africa, east- and south tropical Africa and southern Africa. multifida: with many divisions, referring to the finely divided lamina. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Fronds closely spaced, to 8 per plant, erect, to 540 mm long. |
8-20 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A variable species which also grows in shady positions in forests. It is a tufting species with broad-deltoid, finely lacy fronds which vary from soft to leathery in texture. Requires well-drained, loamy soils and should be kept on the dry side. Rock crevices and around boulders in grassland, margins of sheetrock, forest margins in high rainfall areas. |
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See photos.
We have 45 taxa in the database for Cheilanthes as Pteridophytes of Africa. |
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Cheilanthes sieberi Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Makes a good groundcover or rockery plant in Australia - Paten Park Native Nursery is a not-for-profit, community organisation specialising in the indigenous plant species of south-east Queensland. |
4-20 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
It is a decorative species when planted among rocks in a sunny situation, in acid humus-rich loam. This fern may grow up to 25 cm tall within Australia and New Zealand. It is a widespread plant, seen in a variety of different habitats: it occurs in arid areas as well as sites with over 1500 mm of annual average rainfall. In desert areas it grows in shaded rocky gullies. However, near the coast, it can grow in full sun in cracks of rocks, or in thin soils. Grows amongst rocks, widespread in open forest or woodland in New South Wales, Australia. Sandy to clayey loams, gravel, laterite, granite. Rock crevices, slopes, outcrops, near waterfalls or streams, floodplains. |
Cheilanthes sieberi habit. Date 25 August 2011. By Mark Marathon via Wkimedia Commons. See other photos. |
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Cheilanthes tomentosa (Myripteris tomentosa) Hardy, Zones 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, where it grows on a variety of rock types. It shrivels up into a brown curled mass and appears dead in periods of drought but will green up again in periods of moisture, this has earned it the name resurrection fern. The name lipfern derives from the fact that the sporecases are located at the margins of the leaves which give the leaves a lipped appearance. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. The lower surface is densely hairy with matted hairs and the upper surface with fine hairs. Woolly lipfern typically grows in dry and rocky places such as high cliffs and crevices in substrate such as limestone or granite. Rocky slopes and ledges, on a variety of substrates including limestone and granite in North America. |
8-24 x 16 It should be grown in full to partial sun with its toes tucked under a rock or covered with a gravel mulch for best results. The blade is a smoky glaucous-green covered with a smattering of fine unbranched white hairs supported by a purplish-black framework. This charming wooly confection is quite at home next to agave, yuccas, sun-loving bulbs, and other grit and sun loving rock plants. Ideal for planting in pots or borders ferns look great when left undisturbed where they can slowly spread and multiply. It falls under the desert fern species, so it's the ideal fern for sunny corners of the garden. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. Sow spores at 16°C as soon as ripe. Division in spring is possible, but rhizomes resent disturbance. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small-medium fern with compact rhizomes and clustered fronds. Grows well under high light in well-drained, moist-dry to dry garden soil with sand. The plants usually bear attractive grey-green fronds. This species is relatively easy to grow. An attractive species with brown woolly hairs on the stipes and grey to white woolly hairs on the fronds. These are especially noticeable on the undersurface. Can be tricky to grow needing very well-drained neutral to alkine soils, sun and plenty of air movement. Will not tolerate winter wet. Grow in sharply-drained, gritty, humus-rich soil in full sun, with protection from winter rain. Otherwise grow under glass in full light, with low humidity and good ventilation, in a mix of equal parts loam-based potting compost and coarse grit plus 10 percent added charcoal, and water sparingly. |
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Cheilanthes tomentosa (Woolly Lip Fern), growing in cultivation. Date 21 February 2010. By Megan Hansen via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes tomentosa from the second edition of An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1913). By Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown via Wikimedia Commons. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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Companion Plants
A question Shady Plants get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:-
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Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)