FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES
Site Map for pages with photo content (o)

Fern Culture
from Sections 1-10 of Ferns and Fern Culture by J. Birkenhead, F.R.H.S.
Published by John Heywood in Manchester in
May, 1892 with
Rules for Fern Culture
followed by
Sections
1 Modes of Growth
2 Compost
3 Compost for various Genera, growing in pots, pans or baskets
4 Various Habits of Ferns
5 Various Modes of Cultivation
6 Light
7 Temperature
8 Ferns in Dwelling-Houses
9 Propagation (in Use in Brackish Water in Coastal District Page)
10 Selection of Ferns

with

British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns

TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
....Aquatic
....Boston/ Fishbone/
Lace/ Sword
....Cloak/Lip/Hand
....Filmy and Crepe
....Lacy Ground
(o)Lady
....Maidenhair
(o)Miscellaneous
(o)Primitive/ Oddities
....Scrambling/ Umbrella/ Coral/ Pouch
....Selaginellas
(o)Shield/ Buckler/ Holly
....Squirrel/ Rabbit/ Hare's Foot
....Staghorn/ Elkhorn/ Epiphyte
....Tassel, Clubmoss
....The Brakes
....The Polypodies
(o)The Spleenworts
....The Tree Ferns
....Water/ Hard/ Rasp/ Chain

Where to see

UNITED STATES
San Antonio Botanical Garden.
San Diego Botanic Garden.
San Francisco Botanical Garden at Strybing Arboretum.
Sarah P. Duke Gardens.
Tyringham Cobble.
UNC at Charlotte Botanical Gardens.
University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley.
USCS Arboretum.
Whitehall Historic Home and Garden.
Wild Gardens of Acadia.
Zilker Botanical Garden.

WALES
Aberglasney Gardens.
Dewstow Gardens.
Dyffryn Gardens.

USE OF FERN
(o)Cold-hardy
(o)From Lime-hating Soil
(o)From Limestone Soil
(o)Hanging Basket
(o)Indoor Decoration
(o)Outdoor Pot
(o)Terrariums
(o)Wet Soils
(o)Ground Cover
(o)Pendulous Fronds

Where to see

AUSTRALIA
Adelaide Botanic Garden.
Brisbane Botanic Garden.
Mount Lofty Botanic Garden.
Royal Botanic Garden, Melbourne.
Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.

CANADA
Le Jardin Botanique de Montreal.
Les Jardins de Metis.
Van Dusen Botanical Garden.

ENGLAND
Biddulph Grange Garden.
Brodsworth Hall and Gardens.
Cambridge University Botanic Gardens.
Chelsea Physic Garden.
Harlow Carr Botanic Gardens.
RHS Garden Wisley.
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
Savill Gardens.
Sizergh Castle and Garden.
Southport Botanic Gardens.
Tatton Park.
Tremenheere Sculpture Gardens.
University of Oxford Botanic Garden.

FRANCE
Jardin Botanique de Lyon.
Parc Phoenix-Nice.

GERMANY
Arktisch-Alpiner Garten.
Botanischer Garten und Museum.
Flora und Botanischer Garten Koln.

IRELAND
Caher Bridge Garden.
Kells Bay Gardens.

NETHERLANDS
Hortus Botanicus Leiden.

SPORE COLOUR
Spore

BED PICTURES
Garden
 

Where to see

NEW ZEALAND
Franz Fernery at the Auckland Domain Park.
Pukeiti Rhododendron Trust Garden.
Pukekura Park.

SCOTLAND
Arduaine Garden.
Ascog Hall Gardens and Victorian Fernery.
Attadale Gardens.
Benmore Botanic Garden.
Glasgow Botanic Garden.
Inverewe Garden and Estate.
Linn Botanic Gardens.
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

UNITED STATES
Atlanta Botanical Garden.
Balboa Park.
Barnes Foundation Arboretum.
Bartholomew's Cobble.
Bellevue Botanical Garden.
Berkshire Botanical Garden.
Bloedal Reserve.
Bok Tower Gardens.
Botanical Gardens at Asheville.
Bowman's Hill Wildflower Preserve.
Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
Cailfornia State Unversity at Sacramento.
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.
Chanticleer.
Chicago Botanic Garden.
Coastal Maine Botanical Gardens.
Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden.
Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden.
Denver Botanic Gardens.
Elandan Gardens.
Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden.
Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden.
Fern Canyon.
Ferndell Canyon in Griffith Park.
Fort Worth Botanic Garden.
Frelinghuysen Arboretum.
Garden in the Woods.
Garvan Woodland Gardens.
Ganna Walska Lotusland.
Georgeson Botanical Garden.
Georgia Perimeter College Botanical Gardens

All Hardy Fern Foundation members have unlimited access to our spore exchange and can choose from a wide variety of ferns. Our resource pages include publications and books about ferns as well as useful websites.

A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns.
I have provided a brief summary in the Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants and Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants pages and provided you with the Chapter number for the others, since the information within this book is so comprehensive, that it would need to be completely copied to be of most use.

Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included.

The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns.

The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469-
474-1. It provides details on designing with ferns and details on 140 ferns for the garden in the USA.

Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care.

See
Ferns in Britain and Ireland
or the

British Pteridological Society
for further details and photos.

Mail Order UK Fern Nursery
Shady Plants has ferns for
Vertical Fern Gardens and Companion Plants for growing with Ferns.

Where to see

UNITED STATES
Harry P. Leu Gardens.
Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden.
Holden Arboretum.
Honolulu Botanical Gardens.
Huntington Botanical Gardens.
Huntsville-Madison County Botanical Garden.
Inniswood Metro Gardens.
Kruckeberg Botanic Garden.
Lakewold Gardens.
Leach Botanical Garden.
Leonard J. Buck Garden.
Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden.
Longwood Gardens.
Lyndhurst Gardens.
Marie Selby Botanical Gardens.
Matthaei Botanical Gardens.
Memphis Botanic Garden.
Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens.
Mercer Arboretum and Botanic Gardens.
Michigan State University.
Missouri Botanical Garden.
Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania.
Mount Pisgah Arboretum.
Mt. Cuba Center.
National Tropical Botanical Garden.
New Jersey State Botanical Garden at Skyland.
New York Botanical Garden.
Norfolk Botanical Garden.
North Carolina Botanical Garden.
Olbrich Botanical Garden.
Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens.
Planting Fields Arboretum State Historic Park.
Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden.
Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden.
Rotary Gardens.

 

USE OF FERN - Cold-hardy Ferns Page 3 of 6
"The following species will succed very well in temperate regions. Those marked with an asterisk - * - are very hardy to frosts and snow and so are suitable for the British Isles.

Appendix 8 of The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1, provides the following list of Cold-Hardy Ferns:-"
 

Fern Species

Foliage Colour and
Shape/ Division

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
(1 inch =
2.5 cms,
12 inches =
1 foot
12 inches =
30 cms,
24 inches =
2 feet,
3 feet =
1 yard,
40 inches = 100 cms)
 

Type of Fern to Grow

Use of Fern

Comments

Frond

Credit
is usually for Denver Botanic Gardens,
Wikimedia Commons,
Dana Kelley Bressette of Nativeplants PNW.com
or
Chris Garnons-Williams

Form

Cyathea smithii*

Cyathea woolsiana

Cyrtomium caryotideum

Cyrtomium - Wikipedia

Cyrtomium falcatum

Cyrtomium fortunei

Cystopteris bulbifera*

Cystopteris fragilis*

Davallia canariensis

Davallia - Wikipedia

Davallia mariesii*

Davallia bullata-mariesii * (Davallia bullata, Davallia Mariesii, Davallia mariesii var. stenolepis)

Canary Island Hare's-foot Fern, Ball Fern, Squirrel's-foot fern, Japanese Ball Fern

Tropical Asia and Malaysia, Japan, Korea

This is one of the most popular ferns in cultivation and it has been a favourite for decades.

Semi-hardy fern.

Plants are quite hardy and cold resistant and the fronds are shed each year.

Rootstock stout, with brownish scales, which are lanceolate from a broad dilated base: leaves deltoid, 4-6 inches (10-15 cms) each way, with the pinnae cut away at the lower side at base; segments short-linear, 1-nerved; sori intramarginal.

8-14 x 8-20
(20-35 x 20-50)

Grow in part shade to full shade

Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)

Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March.

In Japan the live rhizomes are gathered when the plant is in its leafless period and tied into balls or other figures and subsequently hung out to grow as a basket fern.

See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description.

Suitable for

Shade-Tolerant. Cold-hardy.
House Fern as a Basket Fern or Fernball in the UK.
Evergreen forests (Woodlands) in native habitat.

Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns.
Culture of Stove Species: Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, February, March or April. Position, pots or hanging baskets in light part of plant stove. Water moderately October to February, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 55-60F (13-15C), March to September 65-75F (18-24C).
Culture of Greenhouse Species:Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, March or April. Position, pots or baskets in part shade. Water moderately September to March, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 40-50F (4-10C), March to September 50-60F (10-15C).

Stove Evergreen Fern.
Greenhouse Evergreen Fern.

It can be grown in a basket or pot and the long, furry rhizomes wander at will. These rhizomes can be trained into shapes and this makes it a popular subject in Japan. The variety stenolepis is a robust variety with conspicuous white scales on the rhizomes.

Best grown under medium light in drained, moist-dry garden soil, potting mix or uncut moss.

Evergreen forests at high altitude areas in India

English: Davallia mariesii (Davalliaceae)

日本語: シノブ.
和歌山県田辺市 Tanabe City.Wakayama pref. Japan
Date: 18 July 2010. By keisotyo via Wkimedia Commons.

Davallia mariesii (シノブ). Date: 18 October 2014. By harum.koh from Kobe city, Japan via Wikimedia Commons.

"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size.
Spores of Davallia should be sown on a fine compost of soil, leaf-mould or peat and sand in equal parts, and placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C). All the operations of propagation of Davallias will be most successful if conducted during the spring months. All Davallias delight in a rich and open compost, an abundance of light and air, and moisture at their roots, a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), and a through syringing every bright day." from The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture by L.H. Bailey in three volumes. Published by the Macmillan Company in 1939 - Originally published in 1914, rewritten, enlarged and reset by L.H. Bailey in 1928.

Davallia tasmanii

Tasman's davallia, Three Kings davallia

Three Kings Islands and Tasmania (Endemic to New Zealand)

Plants grow readily in temperate regions, but do not thrive in hotter climates.

Distinguishing features of
Davallia canariensis,
D. solida, and the New Zealand taxa D. tasmanii subsp. cristata and
D. tasmanii subsp. tasmanii.

It is a handsome species with its closely placed, finely-divided leathery fronds.

8-20 x 20
(20-50 x 50)

Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)

Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March.

See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description.

It grows well in dry place and the growth is very slow. It can grow from spores and rooted pieces.

Each group of sporangia (a sorus) is inside a distinctive pouch-like covering (indusium) making this an easy fern to identify.
Plant form: creeping with fronds up to 200 mm long.

Suitable for

House Fern in Trough or Hanging Basket within Conservatory.
Slowly growing.
Drier Soil.
Cold Hardy.
Use as Ground Cover, an
Epilithic in a
Rock Garden, and can be grown in
Coastal Districts at the front of the border in Full Sun or in an Outdoor Container in the UK.

Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns.
Culture of Stove Species: Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, February, March or April. Position, pots or hanging baskets in light part of plant stove. Water moderately October to February, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 55-60F (13-15C), March to September 65-75F (18-24C).
Culture of Greenhouse Species: Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, March or April. Position, pots or baskets in part shade. Water moderately September to March, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 40-50F (4-10C), March to September 50-60F (10-15C).

Stove Evergreen Fern.
Greenhouse Evergreen Fern.

A very hardy and cold-resistant fern which can be grown as a ground cover among rocks or in a basket.

Likes very dry conditions. Good pot plant. Slow growing.

Davallia tasmanii is primarily a terrestrial species found on rocky banks, rock outcrops and scree slopes in exposed situations or under coastal scrub. Occasionally it is also found as an epiphyte.

Grow Davallia tasmanii in well-drained soil or compost. It does well in containers, even when root-bound, and resents root disturbance. It’s ideal for growing as part of a permanent container display in a sunny spot. Frost tender, you may need to move it undercover for winter in the UK.

See photos.

Davallia tasmania, Auckland Winter Garden, Fernery. Date: 22 November 2011. By Andy king50 via Wikimedia Commons.

"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size.
Spores of Davallia should be sown on a fine compost of soil, leaf-mould or peat and sand in equal parts, and placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C). All the operations of propagation of Davallias will be most successful if conducted during the spring months. All Davallias delight in a rich and open compost, an abundance of light and air, and moisture at their roots, a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), and a through syringing every bright day." from The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture by L.H. Bailey in three volumes. Published by the Macmillan Company in 1939 - Originally published in 1914, rewritten, enlarged and reset by L.H. Bailey in 1928.
 

Davallia tricho-manoides +
(Davallia dissecta, Davallia bullata;
D. cylindrica;
D. mariesii;
D. mariesii var. stenolepis;
D. petelotii;
D. stenolepis;
D. trichomanoides var. bullata; Trogostolon yunnanensis)

Hare's-foot or Squirrel's-foot Fern, black rabbit's foot fern

骨碎补 gu sui bu

Malaysia, New Guinea, Indonesia

Temperate -
Semi-tropical

Valued for its neat habit, refreshing lacy fronds and interesting furry rhizomes which wander at will.

Plants are deciduous for a short period but new fronds are quickly produced. In the typical form, the rhizome scales are yellowish-brown and in forma barbata they are reddish-brown and the frond margins are less deeply incised. The variety lorrainii has dark-coloured rhizome scales and sparser fronds than other forms.

Can grow in cool areas in native districts.

A tender, clump-forming, spreading, deciduous fern. Davallia trichomanoides will reach a height of 0.45m and a spread of 0.3m after 5-10 years.
Under glass, grow in equal mix leaf mould or peat substitute, moss, bark, sharp sand, charcoal, & pine needles in high humidity & bright indirect light. In growth, water moderately & mist daily. Outdoors, grow in moist, open soil in part shade. Indoor heated (H1), Tender in frost (H3).
USDA zones 11, 10, 9

8-16 x
(20-40 x )

Glass Box Tropicals was created in 2012 in order to provide terrarium hobbyists with an increasingly vast assortment of plants suited for use with poison dart frogs. In addition to growing many of the plants that we offer, we also work with select commercial nurseries in the United States of America and abroad. As Glass Box Tropicals has grown, we have also begun to offer a wide array of other supplies commonly needed when growing plants, building and maintaining terrariums, culturing and caring for microfauna, and caring for poison dart frogs and other terrarium inhabitants. Many of the products we now offer are sourced from all over the world in order to aid you in building your personal rainforest. We are located in Lansing, Michigan and are currently an online store only.

Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)

Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March.

See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description.

Suitable for

House Fern in Trough Garden or Terrarium in the UK.
Hanging Basket in Conservatory in UK.
Grow in rock garden or on tree trunks in the shade in native habitat and USDA zones 10 and 11.
Epiphytic and Epilithic.
Shade-tolerant.
Drier Soil.
Cold-hardy.
Ground Cover.

Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns.
Culture of Stove Species: Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, February, March or April. Position, pots or hanging baskets in light part of plant stove. Water moderately October to February, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 55-60F (13-15C), March to September 65-75F (18-24C).
Culture of Greenhouse Species: Compost, 2 parts loam, 1 part leaf-mould, peat, pounded charcoal and sand. Pot, March or April. Position, pots or baskets in part shade. Water moderately September to March, freely afterwards. Temperature, September to March 40-50F (4-10C), March to September 50-60F (10-15C).

Stove Evergreen Fern.
Greenhouse Evergreen Fern.

A popular fern with fern enthusiasts and general gardeners alike.

Excellent for baskets or pots.

Epiphytic and epilithic on different kinds of rocks, mostly in wet places, sometimes on dry, exposed places; 100-3500 m.

Partial or full shade is required for the growth of it. It can survive in dryness.

Davallia trichomanoides is one of the more commonly used ferns in a terrarium. This is due to its ability to be grown both terrestrially and epiphytically. Additionally, the fuzzy brown to black rhizomes also draw many customers to this plant. When grown in a terrarium, this species will generally have fronds about 8” (20 cm) in length and 3-5” (8.75 cm) in width. As it grows, the rhizomes will slowly spread sprouting up new leaves as they go.

Davallia trichomanoides at Garfield Park Conservatory. Date: 2 September 2016. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons.

"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size.
Spores of Davallia should be sown on a fine compost of soil, leaf-mould or peat and sand in equal parts, and placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C). All the operations of propagation of Davallias will be most successful if conducted during the spring months. All Davallias delight in a rich and open compost, an abundance of light and air, and moisture at their roots, a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), and a through syringing every bright day." from The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture by L.H. Bailey in three volumes. Published by the Macmillan Company in 1939 - Originally published in 1914, rewritten, enlarged and reset by L.H. Bailey in 1928.

Dennstaedtia davallioides

Dennstaedtia punctiloba*

Dicksonia antarctica*

Dicksonia - Wikipedia

Dicksonia fibrosa*

Dicksonia lanata*

Dicksonia squarrosa*

Diplazium assimile

Diplazium - Wikipedia

Diplazium sibiricum*

Diplazium subsinuatum

Diplazium tomitaroanum

Doodia aspera*

Doodia - Wikipedia

Doodia caudata

Doodia media*

Dryopteris aemula

Dryopteris - Wikipedia

Dryopteris affinis and cultivars

Dryopteris affinis and cultivars

Dryopteris assimilis*

Dryopteris carthusiana*

Dryopteris clintoniana

Dryopteris cycadina

Dryopteris dilatata

Dryopteris erythrosora

Autumn Fern, Buckler Fern, Japanese Shield Fern, Copper Shield Fern

Hardy, Zone 5(6).

It is native to woodland hillsides and mountain slopes in Japan, China and Taiwan. Genus name from Greek dryas meaning oak and pteris meaning fern in reference to the presence of some species of wood ferns in woodland areas populated with oaks. Specific epithet comes from the Greek words erythros meaning red and sora meaning sori in reference to its red sori.

Copper-red juvenile fronds turning to slightly shiny dark green fronds and ascending to erect or prostrate, branching rhizomes.
In cold climates they may be bright red.
New fronds are produced throughout the growing season, and in winter the fronds remain upright, not reclining as in many evergreen ferns.

24 x 12
(60 x 30)

Grows in a vase-shaped clump.

Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives

Greenhouse Fern Type.
Culture of Stove Species: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat and sand. Position, well-drained pots in shady part of stove. Pot, March. Water moderately Oct-Mar, freely afterwards. Temperature, Sep-Mar 55-60F (13-15C), Mar-Sep 65-75F (18-24C)
Culture of Greenhouse species: Compost, equal parts loam, leaf-mould, peat and sand. Position, well-drained pots, borders or rock gardens in shade. Pot or plant, February, March or April. Water moderately Oct-Feb, freely afterwards. Temperature, Oct-Mar 40-50F (5-10C), Mar-Oct 55-65F (13-18C). Culture of Hardy species: Soil, ordinary, light, rich. Position, shady borders or rock gardens. Plant, April. Water freely in dry weather May-Sep. Top-dress annually with leaf-mould or well-decayed manure. Protect in severe weather with bracken or litter. Do not remove dead fronds until April.
Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown on surface of fine sandy peat under bell-glass in temperature 75-85F (24-30C) any time; division of plants at potting or planting time. Hardy species by spores sown on surface of sandy soil in shady cold frame; division in April.

Border and Foundation Ferns.
Cold-Hardy Ferns. Colour in Fern Fronds.
Conservatory or Greenhouse Fern.
Evergreen and
Deciduous Ferns.
Ground Cover Fern.
Lime-hating Ferns.
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns.
Sun-Tolerant Fern.

Use this clump-forming fern in Moist woodland or shade gardens. May be massed in woodland areas as a ground cover.

Easy evergreen Fern to grow and it will succeed in situations from deep shade to partial sun together with a range of soils providing the drainage is adequate.
One of our recommended plants, it needs plenty of moisture and contrasts beautifully with evergreen ferns and other woodland plants.

It also makes a good pot subject.

Easily grown in average, slightly acidic, medium to wet soils. Prefers consistently moist, humusy soils that are rich in organic matter. Soils must not be allowed to dry out. Site in locations sheltered from strong winds to protect the fronds.

Frond from Image 1 from Dryopteris erythrosora of Denver Botanic Gardens.

Form from Image 1 from Dryopteris erythrosora of Denver Botanic Gardens.

Juvenile foliage of Dryopteris erythrosora from Coblands Nursery.

Sori from
Dryopteris erythrosora

日本語: ベニシダ

Place:Osaka Prefectural Flower Garden, Osaka, Japan. By I. Kenpei via Wikimedia Commons

Dryopteris filix-mas and cultivars

Dryopteris filix-mas and cultivars

If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order.

If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo.

Site design and content copyright ©January 2009.
Page structure amended December 2012.
Gallery structure changed November 2018.
Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4.
"This book is mainly written for people seriously interested in growing ferns, knowing their names and what makes them similar or different, and appreciating their diversity. It is not a coffee-table book, nor a chatty type of garden book meant for light reading. Beginning fern amateurs may find more information than they need, but they will also find information useful at their level. Although this book primarily is a reference, it is also for browsing and gleaning bits of information not readily found elsewhere.
The core information in this book will be particularly helpful to plant people who want to grow or identify different ferns and fern allies." from the Preface to the above book.

STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY

Cultivation Requirements of Plant

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STAGE 1
GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY

Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Trees and Shrubs with Scented Leaves
1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Bark
1, 2, 3

Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an
Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4

Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4

Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3

Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3

Herbaceous Plants with Scented Leaves
1, 2, 3

Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2

Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3

Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2

Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Scented Aquatic Plants
1

Plants with Scented Fruits
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Plants with Scented Roots
1, 2

Trees and Shrubs with Scented Wood
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Trees and Shrubs with Scented Gums
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Scented Cacti and Succulents
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Plants bearing Flowers or Leaves of Unpleasant Smell
1, 2
 

STAGE 2
INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERY 3

Fan-trained Shape

From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons

Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well.

The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years.

Use of Fern