FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and Some details from The standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture in 3 Volumes by L.H Bailey. Published by The Macmillan Company in 1939 |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Pellaea atropurpurea (Pellaea atropurpurea var. cristata, This is sufficiently hardy to grow outside in UK in sheltered rockeries if protected with litter or hand-light in winter. North America Zones 4-9 Very Hardy in Zone 4 Brake is an old word for fern, related to the word bracken. |
Rhizome is short-creeping. The pinnate fronds are borne on dark purple-black stipes. "Pellaea comes from the Greek pellos, dusky, an apt description of foliage colour. The 50-70 species are primarily of rocky dryland sites in the Western Hemisphere.The fern's exposure is tempered by the shade of rocks that collect and funnel the minimal dessert moisture to a relatively cool ferny root run. They want bright airy exposures, but not quite full sun, and turn spindly in too much shade. Tuck their long-ranging roots in moist but well-drained crevices in rocky sites and give them a gritty top dressing. They are good candidates for container culture, but where they can be grown in customized soil and moved around when in need of attention." from The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richie Steffen and Sue Olsen. Published by Timber Press in 2015, Second printing 2017. ISBN 978-1-60469-474-1 |
8-18 x 12-24 The triangular leaves 10-12 inches (25-30 cms) long, are parted many times at the base, and widespread, lanceolate leaflets which turn from green to a bluish-green. This fern produces clumps of widely arching fronds. They produce sori, which lack a true indusium, within the inrolled margins of the pinnae. It grows in the crevices of dry limestone cliffs, rocky slopes, crevices in alvars, and mortared walls. Drought tolerant species that grows in rocky, limestone areas where there is little soil. It is evergreen and grows in an asymmetric clump. It grows in full sun and is native to all but 8 states of the continental United States. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow pan in temperature 70-80F (21-27C) at any time; division of plants in February or April, "when the plants have rhizomatous roots. Plant in a soil composed of 2 parts peat to 1 each of loam and mortar rubbish. Spores produced June - September. |
Suitable for Cold-Hardy. Greenhouse Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. First introduced mid-eighteenth century.
This species can tolerate annual winter temperatures of -28 to -35C (-23 to -31F). In the wild this species grows on calcareous rocks such as dolomite and limestone. It resembles Pellaea glabella, with which it often grows, but can easily be distinguished by the hairy stipe and stalked pinnae and pinnules. |
It is at home in limestone cliffs across central and midwestern North America, into Mexico and Central America. Evergreen Grow in a shady, well-drained spot in the UK, in lime-rich soil. It is only evergreen when the winters are mild. Protect against heavy rain. Indoors the fern thrives in broad, shallow dishes or hanging baskets because of its shallow roots, even in fairly dark spots. It requires light, well-drained soil, rich in humus, e.g, equal parts of sand or vermiculite, leaf-mould or peat, and some lime. Keep relatively moist and do not allow the plant to dry out. Do not water the leaves directly - especially in winter - to prevent infections, and spray occasionally. Temperature 14-20C, in winter 12-15C. During the growing season, feed once every 2 or 3 weeks. Propagate by dividing in spring. |
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Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliffbrake) foliage. Date: 20 July 2016. This image is Image Number 5550677 at Insect Images, a source for entomological images operated by The Bugwood Network at the University of Georgia and the USDA Forest Service. By Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org via Wikimedia Commons. Frond forms of Pellaea atropurpurea. Date: July 2009. By Jaknouse via Wikimedia Commons.
Distribution Map in USA. |
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Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Cheilanthes hispidula , Cheilanthes moluccana , Cheilosoria tenuifolia, Trichomanes tenuifolium ; Acrostichum tenue ; New Zealand, Australia. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Oceania (including New Zealand)]. The genus name comes from the Greek cheilos, lip, and anthos, flower, referring to the curled pinnae margins that enclose the sori.
Vernacular names • Narrow-leaved lip fern (En) • Indonesia: paku jepun (Sundanese), paku alus (Moluccas), paku resam lumut (Bangka) • Malaysia: resam lumut, resam padi, paku telur belangkas • Philippines: pakong-roman (Tagalog) • Thailand: chon phee (peninsular) • Vietnam: thần mô lá mảnh. 薄叶碎米蕨 |
The fronds are finely divided, with a lacy appearance and the new fronds are a fresh bright green. Sori confined to distal portion of lobes, interrupted at segment bases. Cheilanthes tenuifolia grows in all the dry parts of New South Wales. It has adapted itself to situations in which it may be absolutely dry for several months during each year, but as soon as rain comes it commences to grow immediately. The fern is not very large. It consists of a subterranean dorsiventral rhizome which occasionally branches and attains a considerable length. Stiff erect fronds rise above the surface of the soil here and there, usually in clumps. This is due to the fact that the fronds grow out from the rhizome much more quickly than the rhizome itself grows. Meanwhile, the fronds along the the older parts of the rhizome die, so that there remains a clump of leaves around the apex. There is a very efficient root system growing out from the rhizome, the main roots branching profusely and giving rise to a very extensive secondary root system. The roots are dark brown, and very thin and wiry. Detrimental to cattle in New South Wales. |
8-16 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass.
A spore of C. tenuifolia germinates readily in culture; rhizoids emerge within 2 weeks after sowing. The prothallus reaches maturity about 6 months after germination of the spore and the gametophyte is cordate, about 1 cm long, glabrous, with a prominent midrib bearing rhizoids and sex organs. The midrib is 6-8 cells thick and the wing cells are uniformly thin-walled. Antheridia mostly globose, appearing superficially on the underside, occasionally on the margins, when the prothallus is about 2 mm wide (after about 40 days) and still one cell thick. The archegonial neck is composed of 6 tiers of cells and curved. Fertilization and formation of sporophytes occurs profusely in culture and generally only a single sporophyte develops per prothallus. The first juvenile leaf is entire, broadly cuneate to spatulate, with a single median vein dichotomizing equally once or twice, hairy especially on the margin. C. tenuifolia grows actively during the rainy season and becomes dormant in the dry season. Spore germination instructions and seeds from Exotic Plants with worldwide shipping (shipping to circling space stations could cost more). |
Suitable for Tall Pot in Conservatory in temperate regions. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. The pots should be half-filled with crocks to ensure perfect drainage. Slugs are troublesome, unless the pots are stood upon crushed coke, or sifted ashes, over which the slugs do not like to crawl. Add composted bark, charcoal, and humus to the basic mix. Tall narrow pots provide the best drainage for containerized plants. |
Stove Fern. A widely distributed species which grows actively during the monsoonal wet season and becomes dormant in the dry. A difficult subject to grow away from the tropics. Best tried in a partially protected situation outside. This is a fern of open areas in the lowland in Singapore - on bare earthbanks, rock surfaces and even on old walls. C. tenuifolia occurs often on unfertile, dry or humid, rocky ground in open forest areas, on old stone or earthen walls, sometimes amidst alang-alang ( Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel) or as a weed on ridges in plantations, sometimes gregariously, from sea-level up to 1500 m altitude. It is drought-resistant but also grows well in areas with abundant rainfall. In regions with a pronounced dry season the aboveground parts wither and the plant resumes growth after the first rains. It is often able to regenerate when the grassy vegetation in which it grows is mowed not too close to the ground. On rocks in forests and along stream banks, roadsides, rice fields; 100-1000 m. On rather dry clayey banks of paths in mixed forests at low altitudes in Thailand. |
Cheilanthes tenuifolia - botanical illustrations in Bibliotheca botanica. Stuttgart,E. Schweizerbart [etc.]1886-. biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47220674. From Biodiversity Heritage Library via Wikimedia Commons.
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Lip Fern, Rock Fern) DSC07747 (09). Photo taken 13 June 2009. By Kwan with his copyright © www. NatureLoveYou.sg
Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Lip Fern, Rock Fern) DSC05720 (11). Spores containing bodies (sporangia) can be seen along the edge of the underside of the leaf (frond). Photo taken 13 June 2009. By Kwan with his copyright © www. NatureLoveYou.sg More photos from New Caledonia. |
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Paraceterach muelleri (Gymnopteris Australia - Paraceterach |
The Rhizome grows along the ground for a little and the rest of the plant is almost standing upright. The Rhizome Scales are narrowly triangular with a length of 1.5mm, they have a thick black central band and pale thin, pliable borders. |
4-12 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for Terrarium in temperate regions. |
Expanded , fresh fronds of this fern are an attractive bright green, with the pinnae bearing numerous light brown papery scales. When dry, the fronds curl and become brown and brittle. Grows on rocky outcrops and is difficult to cultivate. Needs warm, dry, airy conditions, bright light, and a well-drained, humus-rich mixture. Paraceterach |
Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
See photos, illustration and Distribution Maps. |
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Notholaena standleyi (Cheilanthes standleyi, Cheilanthes hookeri ; Notholaena candida var. quinque-fidopalmata ; Notholaena hookeri ; Notholaena sulphurea var. quinqu-ifidopalmata ; Chrysochosma hookeri) Native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. The genus name comes from the Greek nothos, false, and chlaena, cloak, referring to the blade margins, which are not reflexed as in the similar genus Cheilanthes. |
It has pentagonal blades densely covered with a whitish powder on the lower surface, and the hardly enrolled indusium is narrow. An attractive fern with broad, dull green fronds with the undersurface covered with yellow or white waxy powder. In dry periods the fronds curl inwards to form a ball. Plants are clumping and look attractive among rocks. They need bright light, well-drained gravelly soils of a neutral to alkaline pH and plenty of air movement. It is locally common in rock cracks and sheltered pockets under boulders in dry exposed sites. |
4-12 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of fine sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 75-85F (24-29C) at any time; division at potting time. It takes 13 days to germinate and sporulates from late spring to fall. The spore is transported by air and water. |
Suitable for Terrarium in Conservatory in temperate regions. |
Herbaceous Stove Fern. A small fern with compact rhizomes and fronds in a cluster. Requires high light in moist-dry, well-drained garden soil preferably mixed with coarse sand or gravel. Notholaena standleyi is a perennial species that typically grows in desert regions at elevations from 300 to 2100 m. It is found on rocky hillsides, usually in the crevices created by limestone and granite boulders that provide the partial shade the plant prefers. During periods of drought, the frond may curl and become brown until water is available, an adaptation to the semi-arid environments it inhabits. At lower elevations, it sometimes grows alongside Notholaena californica. |
Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. Fronds divided, upper surface green, under covered with white powder or scales. Height from 3 to 18 inches (7.5-45cm). First introduced mid-eighteenth century. |
Notholaena standleyi — Standley Cloak Fern. Substrate is highly weathered gneiss; At the Phoenix Mountains Preserve, Maricopa County, Arizona. Notholaena standleyi distribution in US. Date: 10 April 2012. By USDA via Wikimedia Commons. See photos. See Notholaena standleyi in the desert house at the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh See dry foliage balls and green fronds from Eco Landscaping. |
Xerophytes should be planted with their crowns slightly above the soil. If using pots, make sure that the soil level is close to the rim in order to reduce the amount of water that could be caught in the pot during watering. A process known as double potting maintains uniform soil moisture over a longer time. The fern is planted in a porous clay pot, which in turn is planted in a larger clay pot, usually 5-7.5 cms (2-3 inches) wider than the first. The same soil mix is used in both pots. |
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Pleurosorus rutifolius (Gymnogramma alpina ; Gymnogramma rutaefolia ; Gymnogramma pozoi var. rutaefolia ; Ceterach rutaefolium ; Grammitis rutaefolia , Asplenium subglandulosum subsp. subglandulosum ) Australia, New Zealand
Temperate-Subtropical Dry |
Rhizome covered with purplish brown scales and old stipe bases. |
2-7 x 4 Small erect tufted fern on a short scaly underground stem (rhizome). |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
In a terrarium set it up with a stony potting mix (See further details on potting mixes in Chapter 20 of The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1) and keep on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods). |
Suitable for Terrarium in temperate regions. Dry well drained soil in rock crevices and gorges associated with woodland. Full sun. Plants will shrivel in extreme dryness and become brown, reviving and regreening after rain. Plants are softer, greener and less hairy in sheltered positions. |
A hardy fern which grows in open situations with its roots in the shelter of rocks, in crevices etc. It is an appealing little fern usually found in colonies. Plants can be grown in a small pot but must not be overwatered and resent stale, humid conditions. Best in a sheltered situation in rocks. Widespread, on hillsides, often growing in the shelter of rocks, chiefly in dry areas and exposed situations in New South Wales, Australia |
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See photos. It is always found in rock crevices in Canberra, Australia.
Pleuro = side and sorus = heap, referring to the spores along the veins on the underside of the fronds; rutifolius = wrinkled leaves. |
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Davallia denticulata (Davallia elegans plus others) Rabbit's Foot Fern, Paku Tertutup, Toothed davallia Chinese Name : Hainan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands] A widely distributed species usually found in exposed situations. This fern grows as an epiphyte (epiphyte - A plant growing on another plant but not attached parasitically), also frequently among rocks and often as a terrestrial (terrestrial - growing on the ground) in sandy soil with the rhizomes deeply buried. |
Rootstock clothed with woolly fibers: leaves 9-15 inches (22.5-37.5 cms) wide, with the main rachis slightly winged toward the apex; indusia, several to a segment, with the sharp teeth projecting beyond the cups. Sori separate, several per segment, at forking point of veins. |
24-40 x Grows well under medium light in moist-dry potting mix or uncut moss with good drainage. On dry rocks or on tree trunks in evergreen forests or half-shaded places at altitudes below 200 m, or rarely 500 m in Thailand. It grows on big trees, partially sheltered by the canopy. It occurs locally in Pulau Ubin (Chek Jawa), Pulau Tekong and many other forested and urban sites. It can be propagated by spores or division of the rhizomes in Singapore. |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for House Fern in a Conservatory in UK.
Stove evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Plants grow readily in a pot or in the ground but the fronds are deciduous during the winter in its native habitats. Epiphytic on many different species of trees and in different types of forests including mangrove or on solitary trees, epilithic on granite, limestone, or sandstone, terrestrial on different kinds of soil; sea level to 2200 m. Only the typical variety (Davallia denticulata var. denticulata) occurs in China. Often seen as a lithophyte (Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks ) or epiphyte in different forest types. It may lose all its fronds in dry periods. |
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Davallia, commemorating Edmond Davall, an English-born Swiss botanist from the 18th century; Latin denticulata, finely toothed, referring to the rhizome scales with short spreading curved teeth. |
"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia divaricata (Araiostegia divaricata; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)]. |
A very attractive davallia prized for its large, finely-divided, deep green fronds and its rhizomes covered with coarse, dark-coloured, spreading scales. New fronds are red to crimson. Rootstock with linear rusty scales: leaves tri-pinnatifid, sometimes 2' (24 inches, 60 cms) broad, with deltoid segments cut into linear-oblong lobes; sori at some distance from the edge. |
24-48 x |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for House Fern as Basket Fern in Conservatory in UK.
Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Makes an excellent basket plant and can be developed into a large specimen. Generally epiphytic, sometimes epilithic on limestone, rarely terrestrial, mostly in dense forests, sometimes on dry places; sea level to 1900 m. |
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"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia denticulata (Davallia elegans plus others) Rabbit's Foot Fern, Paku Tertutup, Toothed davallia Chinese Name : Hainan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands] A widely distributed species usually found in exposed situations. This fern grows as an epiphyte (epiphyte - A plant growing on another plant but not attached parasitically), also frequently among rocks and often as a terrestrial (terrestrial - growing on the ground) in sandy soil with the rhizomes deeply buried. |
Rootstock clothed with woolly fibers: leaves 9-15 inches (22.5-37.5 cms) wide, with the main rachis slightly winged toward the apex; indusia, several to a segment, with the sharp teeth projecting beyond the cups. Sori separate, several per segment, at forking point of veins. |
24-40 x Grows well under medium light in moist-dry potting mix or uncut moss with good drainage. On dry rocks or on tree trunks in evergreen forests or half-shaded places at altitudes below 200 m, or rarely 500 m in Thailand. It grows on big trees, partially sheltered by the canopy. It occurs locally in Pulau Ubin (Chek Jawa), Pulau Tekong and many other forested and urban sites. It can be propagated by spores or division of the rhizomes in Singapore. |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for House Fern in a Conservatory in UK.
Stove evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Plants grow readily in a pot or in the ground but the fronds are deciduous during the winter in its native habitats. Epiphytic on many different species of trees and in different types of forests including mangrove or on solitary trees, epilithic on granite, limestone, or sandstone, terrestrial on different kinds of soil; sea level to 2200 m. Only the typical variety (Davallia denticulata var. denticulata) occurs in China. Often seen as a lithophyte (Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks ) or epiphyte in different forest types. It may lose all its fronds in dry periods. |
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Davallia, commemorating Edmond Davall, an English-born Swiss botanist from the 18th century; Latin denticulata, finely toothed, referring to the rhizome scales with short spreading curved teeth. |
"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia embolostegia (Wibelia embolostegia) Haresfoot fern Native to Philippines and Borneo |
A delighful fern with large, light green fronds which are produced in abundance from the spreading rhizome. The young tips of the rhizomes are covered with conspicuous, tangled, reddish-brown scales. Sori separate, often single on a segment at the bending point of a vein. |
32-48 x |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. |
Suitable for House Fern in Trough, Hanging Basket or Terrarium in Conservatory in the UK. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Can be grown in a large container or basket in well-drained, moist-dry potting mix or uncut moss. It needs heat and humidity to grow well. Epiphytic, rarely lithophytic, in evergreen forest in Thailand. |
Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
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"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia pyxidata (Davallia solida var. pyxidata) Zones 8-9 Australia - Endemic and relatively common in coastal eastern Australia, with scattered occurrences in inland forests (Qld, N.S.W.) and an isolated southernmost locality in the Grampian Ranges, Victoria. |
An easily grown fern with woody, erect or spreading rhizomes and leathery, dark green fronds. Juvenile or sterile fronds may be coarsely-divided, while fertile fronds are much finer. Rootstock clothed with pale brown linear scales: leaf-blades tri-quadripinnatifid, 6-9 inches (15-22.5 cms) broad, with oblong segments; sori with a broad space outside, which is extended into a horn-like projection. Can grow in cool areas of Australia. |
12-32 x 40 |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for House Fern in a Trough or in a Hanging Basket within a Heated Greenhouse or in Outdoors Container as bedding plant among rocks in a Rock Garden (bring inside during a very cold winter) within the UK.
Greenhouse evergreen Ferns. |
Greenhouse Evergreen Fern. Can be grown in a pot or basket or among rocks in the garden. A small-medium fern with medium- to long-creeping rhizomes. Best grown under medium-high light in well-drained, moist-dry potting mix or uncut moss. The plants are sometimes used as bedding plants. The stiff, upward-growing rhizomes do not make for a good basket plant. An ideal species for growing in hanging baskets on the veranda in South Africa. It bears attractive, feathery, dark green leaves. Tuck several plants into the perimeter of a coir-lined basket to form a round ball of feathery fronds. Fill the basket with a mixture of compost and acid compost and keep the coir moist. Mist-spray the fronds with water in hot, dry weather. |
It is a variety of fern that occurs in eastern Australia and is usually identified as a lithophyte or epiphyte in or near rainforest areas. However, it may also be seen in a few locations west of the Great Dividing Range. Listed as vulnerable in Victoria, occurring in the Grampians. In Victoria known only from crevices of exposed sandstone cliffs in the Black Range (west of the Grampians). The fronds of the Victorian specimens are less than 20 cm tall (they can reach 60 cm elsewhere). |
Fern West Head underside sori, likely to be Davallia solida var. pyxidata. Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Australia.. Date: 29 June 2011. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons. Hares foot on Hawkesbury Sandstone. West Head, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Australia. Fern is likely to be Davallia solida var. pyxidata. Date: 29 June 2011. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons.
See other photos. |
"Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia solida (Trichomanes solidum; CHAMORRO: Pugua 'machena.
Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Tonkin); Pacific islands. |
A handsome fern, with large feathery fronds that are usually dark green and shiny. These are coarsely-divided and are often a dark purple when young. The thick rhizomes grow stiffly away from the compost. There is considerable range in the degree of frond division. Rootstock clothed with adpressed scales or fibers: leaves 1-2 feet (12-24 inches, 30-60 cms) long, 12-15 inches (30-37.5 cms) wide, the center of the apex broad and undivided; segments broad and slightly cut; indusia marginal. Sori terminal on veinlets, at margin of ultimate segments; involucre cup-shaped, up to 1.5 mm long, about twice as long as wide. |
24-48 x |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for
Stove evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Makes an attractive basket plant. Epiphytic, epilithic on different kinds of rocks, or terrestrial on different kinds of soils, in exposed places or in deep shade, from open rocky places and savannas to primary rain forests; sea level to 1500 m. Davallia solida is a widespread species and generally is easily recognizable by the black rhizome, which bears hairy scales that soon fall off leaving only the bases. It has medium- to longer creeping rhizomes and grows well under medium light in potting mix or uncut moss kept moist-dry and given good drainage. On tree trunks or on rocks in half-shaded places or in some dense evergreen forests at altitudes below 300 m in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. |
Davalia solida. By Jerzy Opioła via Wikimedia Commons. "Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Tasman's davallia, Three Kings davallia Three Kings Islands and Tasmania (Endemic to New Zealand) Plants grow readily in temperate regions, but do not thrive in hotter climates.
Distinguishing features of |
It is a handsome species with its closely placed, finely-divided leathery fronds. |
8-20 x 20 |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. It grows well in dry place and the growth is very slow. It can grow from spores and rooted pieces. Each group of sporangia (a sorus) is inside a distinctive pouch-like covering (indusium) making this an easy fern to identify. |
Suitable for House Fern in Trough or Hanging Basket within Conservatory.
Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. A very hardy and cold-resistant fern which can be grown as a ground cover among rocks or in a basket. Davallia tasmanii is primarily a terrestrial species found on rocky banks, rock outcrops and scree slopes in exposed situations or under coastal scrub. Occasionally it is also found as an epiphyte. Grow Davallia tasmanii in well-drained soil or compost. It does well in containers, even when root-bound, and resents root disturbance. It’s ideal for growing as part of a permanent container display in a sunny spot. Frost tender, you may need to move it undercover for winter in the UK. See photos. |
Davallia tasmania, Auckland Winter Garden, Fernery. Date: 22 November 2011. By Andy king50 via Wikimedia Commons. "Old plants of Davallia may be cut into a number of smaller ones with a sharp knife. Planted firmly into shallow pans and placed in a temperature of 60-65F (15-18C), they soon develop into symetrical plants. The rhizomes should be firmly fastened to soil by strong copper-wire staples, where they will root in a short time. To gain a large number of small plants, the rhizomes should be detached, cleaned from all soil and roots, laid on sand and thinly covered with moss. Placed in a shaded position in a temperature of 65-70F (18-21C), and kept moderately moist, a number of small plants will develop from the dormant eyes, which may be separately potted as soon as of sufficient size. |
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Davallia tricho-manoides + 骨碎补 gu sui bu Malaysia, New Guinea, Indonesia
Temperate - |
Valued for its neat habit, refreshing lacy fronds and interesting furry rhizomes which wander at will. Plants are deciduous for a short period but new fronds are quickly produced. In the typical form, the rhizome scales are yellowish-brown and in forma barbata they are reddish-brown and the frond margins are less deeply incised. The variety lorrainii has dark-coloured rhizome scales and sparser fronds than other forms. Can grow in cool areas in native districts. A tender, clump-forming, spreading, deciduous fern. Davallia trichomanoides will reach a height of 0.45m and a spread of 0.3m after 5-10 years. |
8-16 x Glass Box Tropicals was created in 2012 in order to provide terrarium hobbyists with an increasingly vast assortment of plants suited for use with poison dart frogs. In addition to growing many of the plants that we offer, we also work with select commercial nurseries in the United States of America and abroad. As Glass Box Tropicals has grown, we have also begun to offer a wide array of other supplies commonly needed when growing plants, building and maintaining terrariums, culturing and caring for microfauna, and caring for poison dart frogs and other terrarium inhabitants. Many of the products we now offer are sourced from all over the world in order to aid you in building your personal rainforest. We are located in Lansing, Michigan and are currently an online store only. |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in pans under bell-glass in temperature 55-75F (13-24C) at any time; division of rhizomes in February or March. See Growing Davallia Species Indoors in Davallia corniculata description. |
Suitable for House Fern in Trough Garden or Terrarium in the UK. Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. A popular fern with fern enthusiasts and general gardeners alike. Excellent for baskets or pots. Epiphytic and epilithic on different kinds of rocks, mostly in wet places, sometimes on dry, exposed places; 100-3500 m. Partial or full shade is required for the growth of it. It can survive in dryness. Davallia trichomanoides is one of the more commonly used ferns in a terrarium. This is due to its ability to be grown both terrestrially and epiphytically. Additionally, the fuzzy brown to black rhizomes also draw many customers to this plant. When grown in a terrarium, this species will generally have fronds about 8” (20 cm) in length and 3-5” (8.75 cm) in width. As it grows, the rhizomes will slowly spread sprouting up new leaves as they go. |
Davallia trichomanoides at Garfield Park Conservatory. Date: 2 September 2016. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Humata griffithiana (Davallia griffithiana, Davallia henryana ; Bear's Foot Fern, White Rabbit Foot Fern USDA Zones 8a-10b Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India (Assam, Manipur), Japan (Okinawa), Laos, Myanmar (Kengtung), Vietnam (Tonkin)]. Semi-tender Humata henryana, |
Rhizome 2-6mm in diameter. Sori separate, borne several or single on a segment, at forking point of veins. |
6-8 x 24
Humata is Latin for of the earth; referring to the creeping habit of the rhizomes.
This native of the Canary Islands is named for the white fuzzy rhizomes produced by the plant that will travel along the ground and curve over the edge of a pot. Fronds are soft and dark green. Great to use in plantings for colour and texture. More cold hardy than other tropicals and can withstand zone 8 winters (mulch recommended). Mature size of 1 to 2 feet (30-60 cms). Excellent and versatile as it can be used in dish gardens, pots, hanging baskets or in landscape settings. Also makes a good houseplant. |
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon)
Propagation: By division of rhizomes in February or March.
The hairy rootstocks will grow over the edges of the pot on all sides. This fern requires a light spot protected from the sun, moist soil rich in humus, e.g., a mixture of potting compost, sharp sand, peat or leaf-mould and some vermiculite. The soil must not be too moist or the rootstocks will turn brown, temperature by day 21-26 C, at night 10-15C. Feed once a month (half concentration). Repot once every 2/3 years when the soil has been exhausted. |
Suitable for House Fern or Hanging Basket in Conservatory within UK. Outdoor Container. Bring inside during winter to keep it dry. Stove and greenhouse evergreen Ferns, formerly included in the genus Davallia. |
Stove Evergreen Fern. Plants are easily grown and are suitable for baskets or pots. A small to medium fern with medium- to long-creeping rhizomes. Grows well under medium light in drained, moist-dry potting mix or uncut moss. It is slow growing. Found in wet forests, climbing on tree trunks or rocks in Macau. Wet forests, climbing on tree trunks or rocks; near sea level to 2200 m in China. Needs to be dry in winter. |
Humata tyermanii. Plant specimen in the Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens, Hong Kong. Date: 20 February 2011. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons. This is also Humata griffithiana. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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Companion Plants
A question Shady Plants get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:-
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Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)