FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
|
SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
|
|
|||
|
||||||||||
Fern Species |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
||
Adiantum bradleyi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Asplenium forisiacum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Asplenium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Asplenium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Asplenium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Asplenium forisiacum trichomanes ssp. trichomanes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Cryptogramma brunnoniana * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cryptogramma brunnoniana crispa * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Dryopteris celsa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Gleichenia alpina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Gleichenia alpina dicarpa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Gleichenia alpina microphylla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Lygodium palmatum * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Oreopteris limbosperma |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Phegopteris connectilis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Thelypteris palustris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Thelypteris palustris |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Adiantum pedatum Hardy to -37 degrees Centigrade (-35 degrees Fahrenheit), Grows in North America, Central and Eastern United States, Canada, Alaska, North India, Japan and eastern Asia. "Zones 3-8 native to North America and East Asia, the 8-20 forked pinnate leaf segments are in a horse-shape arrangemen from the central stalk" from University of Vermont |
Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems. The fronds are in clusters from the clump-forming rhizome. |
12-24 x 12-18 Spacing 10 (25) Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems, creating a light, airy texture in the woodland garden. In rich soil and bright shade it will spread by shallow rhizomes to form a dense groundcover. Found in the humus-rich woodlands and moist woods of Eastern North America. Easy to grow as long as the soil is loose and rich. |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) |
Suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Ferns Ground Cover Lime-hating Ferns Shade-Tolerant Ferns Hardy Species Fern of the Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern types. |
Clump-forming. Deciduous Fern. In Part Shade and Full Shade. It can be found in humus-rich woodlands and moist woods in acidic to neutral, moist, well-drained soils. Does not tolerate clay. Happier in cooler climates and can take more sun in northern zones. Spreads by shallow rhizomes. Propagate by dividing rhizomes in spring. Best used as a groundcover in the woodland or rock garden or as an edge or border in the shaded garden. A hardy fern which thrives in cold districts, but which is very difficult to grow in areas with a warm to hot climate. Plants may be deciduous in cold regions.It likes shady conditions and plenty of moisture and are best grown in the ground as they dislike being pot-bound. Acid organically-rich loams are very suitable and the plants appreciate applications of surface mulches. |
|
Frond from Image 3 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. Form from Image 2 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. |
|
||
Adiantum pedatum cultivars |
|
|
|
|
|
Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum - a form from Canada, Alaska and the states of north-western USA in which the branches of the fronds are strongly ascending and have fewer, more deeply-lobed pinnules. Deciduous and very cold hardy. Adiantum pedatum var. subpumilum - a dwarf form originating from north-western North America and Vancouver Island off Canada. Fronds are somewhat glaucous and pinnules overlap to give a crowded impression. Very adaptable in cultivation. Comes true from spore. Adiantum pedatum ssp. calderi - and upright form from north-eastern North America. Plants form a crowded clump and the fronds are glaucous with fairly small pinnules. Adiantum pedatum 'Asiaticum' - a form with drooping fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Imbricatum' - another form often confused with var. aleuticum. It has crowded, stiffly erect fronds which are markedly glaucous. Attractive when planted among rocks. |
|
Adiantum pedatum 'Japonicum' - a form from Japan with pinkish-bronze new fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Miss Sharples' - a form with yellowish-green new fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Montanum' - compact grower. |
||
Deparia acrostichoides Silver Glade Fern, Silvery Spleenwort - The name silvery comes from the fact that the indusia on the underside of the leaf have a silver color when the sori are close to ripening. Very Hardy. Grows in North America, North India and China |
Leaves (fronds) are once compound, lance-elliptic in outline, widest near the middle, narrowed at the base with a long taper at the tip end, 18 to 40 inches long, 5 to 10 inches wide, with 20 to 25 pairs of leaflets (pinnae) alternately attached along the stem. Young fronds are yellow-green in color. |
18-40 x 12 |
Lady Ferns and Their Allies |
Suitable for Hardy Fern Type. Culture of Stove and Greenhouse species: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould and sand. Pot Mar. Water freely in summer, moderately in winter. Temperature |
Deciduous Fern. An easy fern to grow which is well suited to temperate regions, but which sheds its fronds with the onset of cold weather in the winter. Plants form a neat tussock and favour organically-rich, loamy soil in a shady situation. New growth in the spring is particularly decorative. Grows well under medium light in moist soil or potting mix. Grow in Part Shade, Full Shade, with moist soil in deciduous forest, wooded bluffs, slopes and ravines |
|
Deparia acrostichoides fronds taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides form taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides macro of leaflets.
Deparia acrostichoides sori at Cataloochee, Smokies, North Carolina, 20131014. |
|
||
|
Autumn Fern, Buckler Fern, Japanese Shield Fern, Copper Shield Fern Hardy, Zone 5(6). It is native to woodland hillsides and mountain slopes in Japan, China and Taiwan. Genus name from Greek dryas meaning oak and pteris meaning fern in reference to the presence of some species of wood ferns in woodland areas populated with oaks. Specific epithet comes from the Greek words erythros meaning red and sora meaning sori in reference to its red sori. |
Copper-red juvenile fronds turning to slightly shiny dark green fronds and ascending to erect or prostrate, branching rhizomes. |
24 x 12 Grows in a vase-shaped clump. |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Greenhouse Fern Type. |
Border and Foundation Ferns.
Use this clump-forming fern in Moist woodland or shade gardens. May be massed in woodland areas as a ground cover. |
Easy evergreen Fern to grow and it will succeed in situations from deep shade to partial sun together with a range of soils providing the drainage is adequate. It also makes a good pot subject. Easily grown in average, slightly acidic, medium to wet soils. Prefers consistently moist, humusy soils that are rich in organic matter. Soils must not be allowed to dry out. Site in locations sheltered from strong winds to protect the fronds. |
|
Frond from Image 1 from Dryopteris erythrosora of Denver Botanic Gardens.
Form from Image 1 from Dryopteris erythrosora of Denver Botanic Gardens.
Juvenile foliage of Dryopteris erythrosora from Coblands Nursery.
Sori from 日本語: ベニシダ Place:Osaka Prefectural Flower Garden, Osaka, Japan. By I. Kenpei via Wikimedia Commons |
|
||
Dryopteris marginalis (Aspidium marginale, Nephrodium marginale, Polypodium marginale) Eastern Wood Fern, marginal shield fern, marginal wood fern. The species is native to northeastern North America, where it grows on or among rocks. |
Fronds are dark blue-green and are carried in a tussock. |
18-24 x 18-24 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Cold-hardy ferns. Lime-hating Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-tolerant Fern.
Grow in shady areas of the woodland, rock, native plant or wild garden. Mixes well with spring wildflowers, purple-leafed heucheras and hostas. Excellent as a specimen or in groups. |
Evergreen Fern. |
|
Frond of Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray, dryoptère à sores marginaux, dryoptéride marginale. By David J. Stang via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris marginalis sori, Tom Dorman State Nature Preserve Garrard County, Kentucky. By Masebrock at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons |
|
||
Cheilanthes lanosa (Notholaena vestita) Hardy in USDA Zone 5, where it is native to the eastern United States. Native to the Southwestern US, this will handle hot, dry summers, with its roots cool down among the rocks. Myriopteris lanosa, the hairy lip fern, is a moderately-sized fern of the eastern United States, a member of the family Pteridaceae. Its leaves and stem are sparsely covered in hairs, but lack scales, hence its common name. One of the cheilanthoid ferns, it was usually classified in the genus Cheilanthes until 2013, when the genus Myriopteris was again recognized as separate from Cheilanthes. It typically grows in shallow, dry, soil, often in rocky habitats. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums.
Suitable for rockeries, beds, border fringes or in the container with Dianthus, Sempervivums or Sedums for example. A hardy plant which should survive normal winter conditions outside, especially if protected from the hardest frosts in the UK. Lovely with other woodland plants or grown in a greenhouse in the UK. Perfect respite for woodland animals when grouped. |
8-16 x 4-20 Will not tolerate winter wet. Grow in sharply-drained, gritty, humus-rich soil in full sun, with protection from winter rain. Otherwise grow under glass in full light, with low humidity and good ventilation, in a mix of equal parts loam-based potting compost and coarse grit plus 10 percent added charcoal, and water sparingly in the UK. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass.
This evergreen fern is best grown as a house plant here in the UK, although it can survice out in the garden if its roots are well protected from cold. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small to medium evergreen fern with short-creeping rhizomes bearing clustered, grayish fronds. Grows under medium-high light in well-drained, acidic garden soil or potting mix kept moist-dry to dry. It usually grows on the ground in or among sandstone; it does not grow on vertical cliff faces. A neat fern with clumps of bright green fronds which are densely woolly on the underside. Likes dry conditions in a sunny situation. Soil requirements are acid to neutral with excellent drainage. Must not be overwatered. It can also grow in open woodlands and other open areas. It grows in shallow soil on rocky slopes and ledges, although not usually on cliff faces, at an altitude from 100 to 800 meters (300 to 3,000 ft). It is not particularly sensitive to rock type, growing on limestone, granite and sandstone, among others. |
|
Cheilanthes lanosa at the University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California. Date: September 2006. By Stan Shebs via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes lanosa. Date: 10 July 2011. |
"Although this fern is quite hardy (-15°C), it does not like too much damp in winter. |
||
Cheilanthes sieberi Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Makes a good groundcover or rockery plant in Australia - Paten Park Native Nursery is a not-for-profit, community organisation specialising in the indigenous plant species of south-east Queensland. |
4-20 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
It is a decorative species when planted among rocks in a sunny situation, in acid humus-rich loam. This fern may grow up to 25 cm tall within Australia and New Zealand. It is a widespread plant, seen in a variety of different habitats: it occurs in arid areas as well as sites with over 1500 mm of annual average rainfall. In desert areas it grows in shaded rocky gullies. However, near the coast, it can grow in full sun in cracks of rocks, or in thin soils. Grows amongst rocks, widespread in open forest or woodland in New South Wales, Australia. Sandy to clayey loams, gravel, laterite, granite. Rock crevices, slopes, outcrops, near waterfalls or streams, floodplains. |
Cheilanthes sieberi habit. Date 25 August 2011. By Mark Marathon via Wkimedia Commons. See other photos. |
||||
Doryopteris concolor (Cheilanthes concolor, Doryopteris kirkii, Pellaea geraniifolia, Pteris concolor) Central and South America, West Indies, Africa, Asia, Polynesia, Australia concolor: coloured similarly; alluding to the almost uniform shade of green of both surfaces of the frond. Its common name is the Hand Fern due to having fronds (large divided leaves) shaped like hands (Arab Times, 2011) and also the Oak Leaf Fern (Lockyer Valley Regional Council, n.d.) in Western Australia. |
Rhizome erect to procumbent, up to 3 mm in diameter; rhizome scales dark-brown, linear, up to 3 mm in length, margins pale, entire. Fronds tufted, sometimes weakly dimorphic.
Doryopteris concolor is nowadays generally placed in the genus called Chelianthes (Spencer, 1995). According to Cook Islands Biodiversity Database (n.d.), Doryopteris concolor is commonly called the Cheilanthes fern in Cook Island (Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, n.d.). Sori continuous along the margins of the lobules, brownish. |
4-12 x
Doryopteris concolor is known as a resurrection fern. This is because its fronds curl inwards when they dry out. It is able to survive long periods of dry weather. The fern can completely dry out (known as desiccation) and when it becomes wet again the fronds resume their normal function in just a few hours (Bostock, n.d.). Doryopteris concolor has been recorded fertile from May to August (Smith, 1992). It has up to 12 fronds per plant, 64 spores per sporangium (Roux, 2003) and a root system which sets it in the ground. It has no dormant period and is known as epilithic, meaning it grows on the surface of rocks (Roux, 2003). |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: |
Suitable for Acid Soil. Bright to semi- shady, no sunlight. The same indoor temperature all year round. Not below 16° C (61° F) during the winter. Keep evenly moist. In winter water less when temperatures are low. Sensitive to water-logging. Give low doses of fertilizer every four weeks from early spring to early autumn. Make sure ventilation is good. Repot in spring if necessary. |
A fern with dark green, hand-shaped fronds. Forms a pleasant little clump and blends well with rocks. Needs wam, dry, airy conditions in well-drained, acid to neutral soil. A small fern with erect rhizomes. Habitat in Rock crevices, base of boulders, shaded earth banks in ravines in miombo woodland in Zimbabwe It grows in montane areas (mountains or areas of high elevation). Landforms in which Doryopteris concolor inhabits includes in ravines, on earth mounds and at the base of boulders (Flora of Zambia, n.d.). It is a fern that establishes itself in deeply shaded leaf litter and on rocks in seasonally moist evergreen forests. It is an epilithic fern and lithophytic fern meaning it grows on rocks, frequently on limestone. Sometimes it is found in sheltered damp areas of woodland or open forest but most commonly in rainforests. It thrives in moist soils (University of Connecticut, 2013), especially brown to red loam, and grows best in high humidity. |
Doryopteris concolor - Young fronds of an Oak-leaf fern in Krantzkloof Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. Date: 4 June 2013. By JMK via Wikimedia Commons. |
||||
Hemionitis elegans (Doryopteris elegans, Bommeria elegans, Hemionitis hederifolia) Mexico
Hemionitis is a group of small tropical ferns, with copiously netted veins and naked lines of sporangia following the veins. 8 or 9 species occur in the tropics of both hemispheres. The plants are dwarf, and are grown in Wardian cases by a few fanciers in the Old World. Bommeria is a "gymno-grammoid" fern, exhibiting unprotected sori aligned along veins on the undersides of the fronds. This is why it was assumed to be closely allied to Hemionitis. Such a feature is strongly at odds with most pteridoid ferns (Pteridaceae), which typically have linear marginal sori with an indusium, and sometimes protected with a reflexed leaf tissue margin. Apparently, this is a trait that can arise independently, and may be an atavistic trait. |
Leaves 4-10 inches wide, with a broad sinus at the base and 5 long slender, lanceolate divisions: plant smooth. |
4-10 x 4-10 |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on pans of sandy peat under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any time |
Suitable for Terrarium or Wardian Case. Warm Greenhouse Evergreen Ferns. Fronds heart-shaped or hand-shaped. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Warm Greenhouse Fern. A very beautiful species with large, shallowly-lobed fronds of a pleasing shape. New fronds are light green and contrast with the darker green, mature fronds. Plants like warm, dry, airy conditions in a well-drained acid to neutral soil mix. |
Bommeria elegans - gardenforestjour41891sarg illustration from Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry published in 1888. Date: 1891. By Sargent, Charles Sprague, 1841-1927 via Wikimedia Commons. |
||||
Pellaea paradoxa (Adiantum paradoxum) Large-leaved Sickle Fern Australia Paradoxa from the Latin paradoxus (paradoxical) because the species was originally classified in the genus Adiantum, from which it differs by having continuous marginal sori. Pellaea are small rock-loving ferns thriving best on limestone rocks. Sori at the ends of free veins forming a mostly continuous marginal band around the segments and covered by the more or less changed margin of the segments. The species are perhaps 40 or more, widely scattered in many countries. Some of them are glasshouse subjects and others are hardy. |
Fronds are usually curved, 4 to 9 cm long, and 1 to 4 cm wide. Leathery to touch and a dull green. Juvenile fronds may be heart shaped. The stalks are around 1 to 5 mm long. Sori appear in a band, usually 2 to 3 mm wide, at the edge of the underside of the fronds. Pellaea comes from the Greek pellos, dusky, an apt description of foliage colour. The 50-70 species are primarily of rocky dryland sites in the Western Hemisphere.The fern's exposure is tempered by the shade of rocks that collect and funnel the minimal dessert moisture to a relatively cool ferny root run. They want bright airy exposures, but not quite full sun, and turn spindly in too much shade. Tuck their long-ranging roots in moist but well-drained crevices in rocky sites and give them a gritty top dressing. They are good candidates for container culture, but where they can be grown in customized soil and moved around when in need of attention. Very young fronds have a single heart- shaped leaf. |
4-24 x
Pellaea paradoxa 'Glowstar' will tolerate sub-zero temperatures for short periods if kept dry. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow pan in temperature 70-80F (21-27C) at any time; division of plants in February or April, "when the plants have rhizomatous roots. Plant in a soil composed of 2 parts peat to 1 each of loam and mortar rubbish. |
Suitable for Hanging Basket in Heated Greenhouse in temperate regions, Greenhouse Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. First introduced mid-eighteenth century. |
A creeping species which forms colonies in semi-shady situations, usually among rocks. The normal fronds are tall with leathery pinnae but the plants also frequently produce small, juvenile fronds which have a simple, rounded to heart-shaped lamina. This is an easily grown species although plants may be slow to settle down after dsturbance. Needs acid, humus-rich soil and part or filtered sun. Often growing in or near rainforests in rocky crevices. But it may occasionally be seen in drier areas. |
|
Fern West Head with sori, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Australia. Sori 2 - 3 mm wide. Likely to be Pellaea spp. possibly paradoxa. Date: 29 June 2011. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons. Photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (Australia) in January. This photo by Raffi Kojian is from Gardenology.org and is available under CC-BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons |
See More photos with these book references on same webpage:-
|
||
Pellaea rotundifolia (Platyloma rotundifolia) Semi-hardy, Zone 8; can tolerate temperatures as low as -7C (19F) for one week New Zealand Pellaea are small rock-loving ferns thriving best on limestone rocks. Sori at the ends of free veins forming a mostly continuous marginal band around the segments and covered by the more or less changed margin of the segments. The species are perhaps 40 or more, widely scattered in many countries. Some of them are glasshouse subjects and others are hardy. Zones 8 (with lots of protection) and 9. This fern is native to New Zealand, Australia and Norfolk Island where it is most frequently found growing on limestone cliffs, rocky crevices and moist open forested areas, but is occasionally found in drier woodland areas. North of Zone 9, it is primarily grown as a house plant in hanging baskets or in ornamental containers on tables.
Non-Toxic to Dogs, |
Fronds 6-12 (15-30) long, 1-2 (2.5-5) broad. Pinnate, very leathery. Rhizome is creeping. The pinnate fronds arch and cascade in horizontal layers of shiny green round "buttons" of pinnae. Pellaea comes from the Greek pellos, dusky, an apt description of foliage colour. The 50-70 species are primarily of rocky dryland sites in the Western Hemisphere.The fern's exposure is tempered by the shade of rocks that collect and funnel the minimal dessert moisture to a relatively cool ferny root run. They want bright airy exposures, but not quite full sun, and turn spindly in too much shade. Tuck their long-ranging roots in moist but well-drained crevices in rocky sites and give them a gritty top dressing. They are good candidates for container culture, but where they can be grown in customized soil and moved around when in need of attention. |
6-18 x 4-20 A small-medium fern with short-medium-creeping rhizomes and fronds in a loose cluster. Grows well under medium to high light in moist-dry, well-drained garden soil with coarse sand. The plants are easy to grow and thrive indoors in the United States. Do not water until the soil is nearly dry. It is a popular garden plant (in zones 8 and 9) and house plant, tolerating low temperatures but not freezing. It is an evergreen fern that can have more than 30 pairs of round, dark-green, leathery pinnae on fronds up to 18 in. (45 cm). It needs acidic and well-drained soil; it does not appreciate the moist, humid conditions that most ferns require so does well with minimal watering. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow pan in temperature 70-80F (21-27C) at any time; division of plants in February or April, "when the plants have rhizomatous roots. Plant in a soil composed of 2 parts peat to 1 each of loam and mortar rubbish. |
Suitable for House Fern.
Greenhouse Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. First introduced mid-eighteenth century. Requires a moderately fertile, ericaceous, moist but well-drained soil in full sun with protection from hot midday sun, or partial shade. In frost prone areas protect the crown with a dry winter mulch. |
Good basket fern. Greenhouse fern. Evergreen. It is found in light scrub, dry forests and occasionally in moist rainforest habitats within New Zealand. A very popular fern both with enthusiasts and commercial growers, that is prized for its rosette of neat, dark green fronds with blunt to rounded segments. Excellent in a pot or among rocks in a shaded rock garden. Likes an acid, humus-rich soil and bright light. Popular in some countries as an indoor plant. This fern has a prostrate habit and its long fronds will arch downwards if potted into a hanging basket. It also looks effective cascading from a shelf. |
Pellaea aff. rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook by Cam Kilgour. This image has been released as "CCBY" by Auckland Museum. For details refer to the Commons project page, via Wikimedia Commons. Pellaea rotundifolia in Eastwoodhill Arboretum (New Zealand). Date: 26 November 2017. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, via Wikimedia Commons.
Usage on sv.wikipedia.org - Pellaea rotundifolia , Phipps Conservatory. Date March 2009. By myself (User:Piotrus). Permission (Reusing this file)Own work, copyleft: Multi-license with GFDL and Creative Commons CC-BY-SA-2.5 and older versions (2.0 and 1. Via Wikimedia Commons. |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
|
|
|||||
USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
|
|
|
|
STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
|
Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
|
Indoor / House Cultivation |
|
Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
|
Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
|
Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
|
|
|
Sun Aspect |
|
|
|
Soil Type |
|
|
|
Soil Moisture |
|
|
|
Position for Plant |
|
Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
|
Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
|
Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
|
1, 2, |
|
|
|
Use of Plant |
|
|
|
STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
|
|
|
Flower Shape |
|
Number of Flower Petals |
|
|
|
Flower Shape - Simple |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flower Shape - Elaborated |
|
|
|
Natural Arrangements |
|
|
|
STAGE 4D |
|
|
|
|
|
Form |
|
|
|
|
|
STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
|
|
|
STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
|
Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
|
|
|
STAGE 2
|
|
|
|
STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
|
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.JPG){kind=link}
_(14784131045).jpg){kind=link}
_Hook._(AM_AK360841).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg?uselang=en-gb){kind=link}
Use of Fern
|
Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Companion Plants
A question Shady Plants get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:-
and
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)