Landscaping List by Preference - Tough Perennials (or for Easy Maintenance)

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape
and Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row),
Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

Ivydene Gardens Use in Landscape section of this Gallery: List by Preference - Tough Perennials (or Easy Maintenance) from Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 Emily Brown has been a member of the National Committee of the Garden Club of America as well as a founding member of the Filoli Gardens and an ardent supporter of the Srybing Arboretum in San Francisco. She is writing about perennials for use in America.
Plant Name is in Royal Blue. Alpine Plant if Text Background is Light Blue. Wildflower Name is in Black A Ground Cover Name from the 1000 Ground Cover List is in Brown	Flower Colour	Flower Thumb-nail	Flowering Months / Form	Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot 12 inches = 30 cms, 24 inches = 2 feet, 3 feet = 1 yard, 40 inches = 100 cms)	Foliage Colour	Comments	Use	List by Preference - Tough Perennials (or Easy Maintenance) Plant or Genus Name used for Landscaping in America from "Landscaping with Perennials" or "Perennials The Gardener's Reference" books and others from the same genus in those books, that I have entered, if Text Background is Yellow
								Acanthus
Achillea chrysocoma (Yarrow, Sneezewort)	Bright Yellow Native to the Balkan peninsula, in mountain grassland.	Plate-like	July Clump-Forming	8-12 x 12 (20-30 x 30)	Bipinnat -isect leaves of bright Green May suffer from mildew if allowed to dry out, but are drought tolerant once established.	Excellent cut flower in fresh or dry arrangements. To dry, cut and hang upside down in a dark area with good ventilation. Companions - Asiatic lilies, eryngium, salvia, ornamental grasses, rudbeckia, phlox, phygelius, dahlia, hemerocallis.	Moist, well-drained poor soil is best to avoid plants flopping, Sand or Chalk in full Sun. Evergreen Perennial / Alpine. Cut flower	Achillea Perennial Evergreen Sun. A. ageratifolia, A. chrysocoma, A. clavennae, A. x kelleri, A. myrtifolia, A. umbellata, A. tomentosa. Speading mats or low clumps. Some with grey foliage, some with white flowers, some yellow.
								Agapanthus Evergreen and Herbaceous Perennial. Sun. Evergreen:- A. africanus, A. umbellatus, A. umbellatus var. mooreanus, A. 'Lilliput', A. Peter Pan'. Herbaceous:- A. inapertus, A. campanulatus, A. x Headbourne Hybrids
								Anchusa
Anemone coronaria 'de Caen' (Anemone bucharica, Florist Anemones, Poppy Anemone, Windflower)	Red, Blue or White	4 petalled star shape bloom	Mar-Jun Spreading. Floret Where soil is not moist, soaking the tubers in lukewarm water for about 24 hours will speed start of growth. Once started, plants must be given adequate moisture until flowering is past and foliage begins to die down.	12 x 6 (30 x 15) Natural habitat is sandy soil enriched by leaf mould in established woodlands, where they receive both full sun and part shade. In light sandy soils an addition of peat with bone meal and dried blood helps.	Dark Green Does not grow well in gardens in cooler climates, prefers warmth. Ok outside in South of England and Holland. Plant tubers 3 inches (7.5 cm) deep and spaced about 3 inches apart in bold drifts in Sep-Oct for spring-flowering; Mar/Apr for Jun-Jul flowering; May-Jun for Sep flowering. Between June and August, lift and divide tubers after foliage has died down every 2 or 3 years.	Well-drained Chalk, Sand Full Sun Moist. Mulch with fallen autumn leaves to provide frost protection and food during the winter with moisture retension in the summer. This is the cut flower of early spring found at the florist. Suitable Anemones for the Rock garden:- Anemone alpina Anemone apennina Anemone blanda Anemone coronaria Anemone fulgens Anemone hepatica Anemone hortensis Anemone narcissiflora Anemone nemerosa Anemone pratensis Anemone pulsatilla Anemone sulphurea Anemone sylvestris	Pans in Alpine House, Rock Garden. Must be given protection of frames or greenhouses in colder areas. Companions:- Alyssum, Arabis, Aster alpinus, Centaurea dealbata, Coreopsis, Digitalis, Gypsophila paniculata, Hemerocallis (yellow cultivars), Iris (rhizomatous white and yellow cultivars), Kniphofia (yellow cultivars). Underplant Peonies (white and yellow cultivars), Verbascum, Rhododendron species, Cotoneaster, Berberis, Acer palmatum, Deutzia gracilis and Weigela.	Anemone Windflower. Full Sun, Part Shade. Deciduous Tuber. 3 Groups - 1. Poppy Anemone, A. coronaria, A. hortensis, A. pavonina. Florist's Anemones. 2. Japanese Anemone, A. hupehensis 3. Wood Anemone A. pulsatilla, A. nemerosa, A. palens, A. blanda A. sylvestris See further details about Anemones in Allium Anemone Gallery. My suggestion for Anemones in the UK: Plant in 6 inch (15 cm) pot and plunge in outside bed after frost has passed, let them flower and then lift them and place in cold frost-free greenhouse during the winter without watering them.
Anemone hupehensis (Japanese Anemone, Hupeh Anemone, Japanese Thimbleweed, Chinese Common Name is da po wan hua hua)	White, Pink or Purple The whites look hand-some with lots of green foliage. Combine with spring bulbs because the leaves emerge late.	Clump and Spreader. 5 petalled star shape bloom	Aug-Sep	36-48 x 18 (90-120 x 45)	2-8 inch (5-20 cm) long, 2-6 inch (5-15 cm) wide basal Green leaves with lower surface pale Green	Well-drained Acidic Sand is preferred - will tolerate fertile chalky soil. Part Shade Moist or Wet In China is native and naturalized on scrub, grassy slopes and streamsides in hill regions.	Underplant Rosa glauca and fruit trees. Use on slopes and streamsides. Good Companions - Japanese anemones mix well with many vibrant autumn flowers, including Aster 'Little Carlow' and Aster laevis 'Calliope'.	Anemone Windflower. Full Sun, Part Shade. Deciduous Tuber. 3 Groups - 1. Poppy Anemone, A. coronaria, A. hortensis, A. pavonina. Florist's Anemones. 2. Japanese Anemone, A. hupehensis 3. Wood Anemone A. pulsatilla, A. nemerosa, A. palens, A. blanda A. sylvestris See further details about Anemones in Allium Anemone Gallery. My suggestion for Anemones in the UK: Plant in 6 inch (15 cm) pot and plunge in outside bed after frost has passed, let them flower and then lift them and place in cold frost-free greenhouse during the winter without watering them.
Anemone blanda (Grecian Windflower, Fair Windflower, Greek Windflower)	Deep Blue	Clump. Many petalled Star-shape flower on stem	Apr-May	6 x 6 (15 x 15)	Dark Green	Chalk, Sand with Leaf-Mould. Part Shade, Full Sun Moist Companion plants from Department of Horticultural Science of NC State University for Anemone blanda and its cultivars	Woodlands, Mass plant. Deer, rabbit resistant. Cold greenhouse. Ground cover. Rock garden. Carpet under small deciduous shrubs.	Anemone Windflower. Full Sun, Part Shade. Deciduous Tuber. 3 Groups - 1. Poppy Anemone, A. coronaria, A. hortensis, A. pavonina. Florist's Anemones. 2. Japanese Anemone, A. hupehensis 3. Wood Anemone A. pulsatilla, A. nemerosa, A. palens, A. blanda A. sylvestris See further details about Anemones in Allium Anemone Gallery. My suggestion for Anemones in the UK: Plant in 6 inch (15 cm) pot and plunge in outside bed after frost has passed, let them flower and then lift them and place in cold frost-free greenhouse during the winter without watering them.
								Anthemis
								Artemisia
								Aster
Bergenia purpurascens (Elephant's Ears, Pigsqueak, Large Rockfoil) Winter-flowering plants such as Cyclamen coum, early crocuses (Crocus tommasinianus), snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis), winter heaths (Erica carnea 'Springwood White') and winter aconitums can then be followed by evergreen heucheras, small euonymus (Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen'), dogwoods (Cornus alba 'Siberica') with evergreen grasses (Carex comans), sedges and ferns.	Dome of Purple-Red, 5-petalled, bell-shaped flowers	Larger photo. Clump-Forming	Mar-Apr	18 x 12 (45 x 30)	Dark Green in Spring, then Purple foliage in winter. Further details about Bergenia species from Wikipedia.	Chalk, Clay in Part Shade and Dry Soil. Harbours snails!! See Pest Control in Companion Planting to provide plants to ward off snails. If plant survives an attack such as snails, etc, it can create its own defense mechanisms over the years as I have found with hostas stopping them from demolishing their spring foliage. Read 'United We Stand, Divided We Fall in chapter 5 of The Hidden Life of Trees by Peter Wohlleben ISBN 978-0-00-821843-0' where fungi help in this plant protection process.	Good for softening edges of beds, at their best when mass planted. Use with bulbs whose flowers will rise above the leaves. Leave the dead leaves on to provide the ground cover and prevent light reaching annual weed seeds to germinate them. Also use in Bedding, Woodland and Grow in Pot. Companions - Omphalodes, Brunnera macrophylla, Hamamelis, Primula, Helleborus, Ophiopogon and Chaerophyllum.	Bergenia Light Shade. Evergreen Perennial. B. crassifolia, B. cordifolia, B. cordifolia 'Purpurea', B. purpurascens, B. stracheyi, B. x schmidtii Hybrid Bergenias:- B. 'Abendglut (Evening Glow'), B. 'Ballawley', B. Sunningdale', B. Silberlicht' ('Silver Light ')
Brunnera macrophylla (Anchusa myosotidiflora, Anchusa myosotidifolia, Siberian Bugloss, Great Forget-me-not)	Broad sprays of Tiny Bright Blue with Yellow centre, 5 petal, star-shaped flowers	Clump, Spreader	Apr-May in flower for many weeks	12-18 x 24 (30-45 x 60) May spread out-of-bounds but not difficult to dig. Keep to 48 inch (120 cm) width.	Large, cordate, hairy, heart-shaped, Dark Green leaves up to 6 inches (15 cm) across, which make superb ground-cover plants. Cut off spent leaves. In February new foliage will begin to thrust from the ground.	Sand, Chalk. Part Shade, Full Shade. Moist and humus-rich (leave the fallen leaves from the shrubs/trees to form a mulch and then humus). Naturalized in Britain. Ideal for a shady area with moist but well drained soil, but will also prosper in a sunnier spot if the soil doesn’t dry out. Lasts as a cut flower if conditioned.	Good groundcover in the foreground or in open bays of woodland, or under deciduous trees and shrubs for spring sun and summer shade. Companions - Thalictrum, dicentra, epimedium, trollius, muscari, narcissus, Ranunculus ficaria, hyacinthoides, trillium, omphalodes.	Brunnera Part Shade, Full Shade. Herbaceous Perennial B. macrophylla
								Campanula
								Campanula glomerata
								Catananche
								Centaurea species
								Chrysanthemum species
								Crocosmia
								Coreopsis verticillata
								Doronicum
								Echinops
								Erigeron
								Echinacea
								Eryngium
								Erysimum
								Euphorbia
								Felicia
								Filipendula
								Gaura
								Gazania
								Geranium
								Geum
								Grasses and Sedges
								Gypsophila
								Helenium
								Helleborus
								Hemerocallis
								Heuchera
								Iris pallida
								Iris foetidissima
								Kniphofia
								Limonium
								Lirope
								Lythrum
								Lychnis
								Macleaya
								Nepeta
								Oenothera
								Omphalodes
								Penstemon
								Physostegia
								Potentilla
								Putoria
								Rudbeckia
								Salvia
								Satureja
								Scabiosa
								Sedum
								Silene
								Solidago
								Stachys
								Stokesia
								Thalictrum
								Thermopsis
								Verbascum
								Veronica
								Yucca
								Zantedeschia

PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES

FLOWER COLOUR
Blue
Orange
Other Colours
Red
Pink
White
Yellow

FOLIAGE COLOUR
Black
Blue
Brown
Bronze
Green1
Green2
Grey
Purple
Red
Silver
Variegated White
Variegated Yellow
White
Yellow
Autumn Colour
4 Season Colour

FORM
Mat-forming
Prostrate
Mound-forming
Spreading
Clump-forming
Stemless
Upright
Climbing
Arching

FRUIT COLOUR
Fruit

FLOWER BED PICTURES
Garden

FLOWER SHAPE AND USE IN LANDSCAPE FOR ALL WILDFLOWER AND CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THIS WEBSITE GALLERY PAGES

Site Map of pages with content

Introduction

Plant Use and Flower Shape in COLOUR WHEEL USES GALLERY
compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website
- WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES, BUT NOT FROM ONES CREATED IN THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY -
combined with those already compared in
Bedding,
Bulb,
Evergreen Perennial,
Herbaceous Perennial and
Roses
pages as linked to in row
Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with this Tip Colour background.

BLUE WILDFLOWER GALLERY PAGES

FLOWER COLOUR
Blue
Brown
Cream
Green
Mauve
Multi-Cols
Orange
Pink A-G
Pink H-Z
Purple
Red
White A-D
White E-P
White Q-Z
Yellow A-G
Yellow H-Z
Shrub/Tree

WILDFLOWER BLOOM SEASON, FOLIAGE COLOUR and
FORM
in table alongside on the left

HABITAT LISTS
Coastal and Dunes.
Broad-leaved
Woods.
Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
Heaths and Moors.
Hedgerows and Verges.
Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
Marshes, Fens,
Bogs.
Old Buildings and Walls.
Pinewoods.
River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins.
Saltmarshes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops.
Other.

LISTS
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1
Page 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil
Page 1
Pollinator .
Poisonous Parts.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers
Use for Non-Flowering Plants

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below

for Evergreen Perennials only prior to July 2022,
from July 2022 it will compare every plant with flowers in this website
in this EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

I have updated the plant type and plant use for the Evergreen Perennials by February 2023,

then, I will continue from September 2023 to insert all the 1000 Ground-cover Plants using 'Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places' by John Cushnie ISBN 1 85626 326 6
into the relevant 3 Galleries:-

1. Flower Colour Month Comparison Page within Evergreen Perennial Gallery
including those of foliage only in January Unusual Flower.

Ground Cover from PLANTS is within the text box under the thumbnail, and by clicking on the centre of the thumbnail, the page shall be changed

to its descriptive row within one of these pages in PLANTS Topic -
1000 Ground
...Cover A, B, C,
...D, E, F, G, H, I,
... J, K, L, M, N,
...O, P, Q, R, S, T,
...U, V, W, XYZ
...with Ground
...Cover for 14
...Situations
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts.
Also, Use
...Ground Cover
...in Landscape
...noise reduction

2. into Wildflower Shape Gallery pages in this Table:-

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link
Number of Flower Petals
Number of Flower Petals	Petal-less Petal-less	1 1	2 2	3 3	4 4 and could be cross-shaped	5 5	Above 5 Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple
	Stars Stars	Bowls Bowls	Cups and Saucers	Globes Globes	Goblets and Chalices	Trumpets Trumpet	Funnels Funnels

	Bells Bells	Thimbles Thimbles	Urns Urns	Salver-form Salver-form

Flower Shape - Elab--orated
	Tubes, Lips and Straps	Slippers, Spurs and Lockets	Hats, Hoods and Helmets	Stan-dards , Wings and Keels	Discs and Florets	Pin-Cushions	Tufts Tufts
							Flower stem termin-ating with a Single Flower
	Cushion Cushion	Umbel Umbel	Buttons Buttons	Pompom Pompom

Natural Arrange--ments
Natural Arrange--ments	Bunches, Posies and Sprays	Columns, Spikes and Spires	Whorls, Tiers and Candle-labra	Plumes and Tails	Chains and Tassels	Cloud, Garland and Cascade	Spheres, Domes and Plates

Evergreen Perennial Name Index Herbaceous Perennial Name Index <---	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
	H	I	J	K	L	M	N
	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U
	V	W	X	Y	Z

and

3. into the following pages in the EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE Gallery:-

within
Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2c
Bedding
Bog Garden
Coastal Conditions
Containers in Garden
Front of Border
Edibles in Containers
Hanging Basket
Hedge and Attracts Bees
Pollution Barrier 1, 2
Rest of Border
Rock Garden
Thorny Hedge
Windbreak
Woodland
Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2cc Others
Aquatic
Back of Shady Border
Crevice Garden
Desert Garden and Attracts Butterflies
Raised Bed
Scree Bed
Specimen Plant
Trees for Lawns
Trees for Small Garden
Wildflower
Plant Selection by Foliage Colour
Level 3c
Aromatic Foliage and Fragrant Flowers
Finely Cut Leaves
Large Leaves
Other Garden and Cut Flowers
Non-Green Foliage 1
Non-Green Foliage 2
Sword-shaped Leaves and Animal Resistant Plants .

followed by continuing to insert all the plants with flowers from Camera Photo Galleries as indicated by
"Plant with Photo Index" from
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187 A 1, 2, Index
into the Colour Wheel comparison pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in Blue
having started in January 2023.

I will continue to insert all the plants planted in chalk as indicated by
"from Chalk Garden" from
GARDEN CONSTRUCTION Index using
'A Chalk Garden' by F C Stern. Published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd in 1960
into the Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in black.

then the following plants shall be added from

Aquatic,
Bamboo,
Bedding,
Bulb,
Climber,
Conifer,
Deciduous Shrub,
Deciduous Tree,
Evergreen Shrub,
Evergreen Tree,
Fern,
Grass,
Hedging,
Herbaceous Perennial,
Herb,
Odds and Sods,
Rhododendron,
Rose,
Soft Fruit,
Top Fruit,
Vegetable and
Wildflower

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,

- after the entries have been completed in the Landscaping List Pages.

finally - I am inserting these from February 2023, I will continue to insert all the plants
from the following book on planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. She is writing about perennials for use in America.
into the Landscaping List Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and
into the Flower Colour per Month Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in royal blue.
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0.

Wildflower and Evergreen Perennials Height from Text Border in this and their Galleries

Brown =
0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue =
12-24 inches
(30-60 cms)

Green =
24-36 inches
(60-90 cms)

Red =
36-72 inches
(90-180 cms)

Black =
72+ inches
(180+ cms)

Wildflower and Evergreen Perennials Soil Moisture from Text Background in this and their Galleries

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

Dry Soil

The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
Blue = 0-2 feet (0-24 inches), Green = 2-6 feet (24-72 inches), Red = 6+ feet (72+ inches) to

Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)
Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)
Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)
Red = 36-72 inches (90-180 cms)
Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)

Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June).
Click on thumbnail to change this comparison page to the Plant Description Page of the Evergreen Perennial - or to the Description of the Wildflower - named in the Text box below that photo.
The Comments Row of that Evergreen Perennial / Wildflower Description Page details where that Evergreen Perennial / Wildflower is available from.

Ivydene Gardens Use in Landscape section of this Gallery:
List by Preference - Tough Perennials (or Easy Maintenance)
from Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0
Her ideas about Perennials for Landscaping Use in America (a plant that lasts for more than 2 growing seasons) include Herbaceous Perennials and Evergreen Perennials, and most of the other plant types except Annuals and Biennials:-

vegetables (Asparagus - It is widely cultivated as a herbaceous vegetable crop, Crambe),
true sedge (Carex),
bamboo (Arundinaria),
subshrub (Eriogonum),
reed (Arundo),
shrubs (Artemisia - Hardy Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs, Rubus - Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses),
"Mostly large shrubs or trees" (Aralia)
fern (Adiantum),
climber (Clematis) and
bulb (Lilium - genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs)
as well.

In this Wildflower Flower Shape Gallery, all the above Plant Types together with Annuals and Biennials of the Wildflowers will be used as well.

Plant Name is in Royal Blue.

Alpine Plant if Text Background is Light Blue.

Wildflower Name is in Black

A Ground Cover Name from the 1000 Ground Cover List is in Brown

Flower Colour

Flower Thumb-nail

Flowering Months

/ Form

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
(1 inch = 2.5 cms,
12 inches = 1 foot
12 inches = 30 cms,
24 inches = 2 feet,
3 feet = 1 yard,
40 inches = 100 cms)

Foliage Colour

Comments

Use

List by Preference - Tough Perennials (or Easy Maintenance)

Plant or Genus Name used for Landscaping in America from "Landscaping with Perennials" or "Perennials The Gardener's Reference" books and others from the same genus in those books, that I have entered, if Text Background is Yellow

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

Ivydene
Horticultural
Services

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.

Sometimes, I may insert a photo from the Plant Pictorial Database in Kwan's website www.natureloveyou.sg or a link to a page on that website showing plant photos with text of
'Photo of Plant Name - link to the page on that website in the Plant Name - from www.natureloveyou.sg'.
None of his photos can be taken from his website and used commercially without his copyright permission.
You can call me Kwan. I live in Singapore, a small island state in Southeast Asia, since day one of my existence. Setting up and managing this website, which went live in July 2007, is just a hobby of mine.

EXTRA PAGES OF PLANTS
MENU
Introduction
Site Map

PLANT USE
Plant Selection
Level 1
Bee Forage Plants
Attracts Bird/Butterfly
Photos - Butterfly

Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in
Bee Pollinated Calendar and Index Galleries
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms)
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms)
Above 72 inches
(180 cms)
Photos - Bee Pollinated Plant Bloom per Month
Blooms Nov-Feb
Blooms Mar-May
Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2
Blooms Sep-Oct

Poisonous Cultivated and UK Wildflower Plants with Photos
or
Cultivated Poisonous Plants
or
Wildflower Poisonous Plants

Rabbit-Resistant Plant
Flower Arranging
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

PLANTS FOR SOIL
Plant Selection
Level 2
Info - Any Soil
Any Soil A-F
Any Soil G-L
Any Soil M-R
Any Soil S-Z

Info - Chalky Soil
Chalky Soil A-F 1
Chalky Soil A-F 2
Chalky Soil A-F 3
Chalky Soil G-L
Chalky Soil M-R
Chalky Soil Roses
Chalky Soil S-Z
Chalky Soil Other

Info - Clay Soil
Clay Soil A-F
Clay Soil G-L
Clay Soil M-R
Clay Soil S-Z
Clay Soil Other

Info - Lime-Free (Acid) Soil
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 1
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 2
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 3
Lime-Free (Acid) G-L
Lime-Free (Acid) M-R
Lime-Free (Acid) S-Z

Info - Sandy Soil
Sandy Soil A-F 1
Sandy Soil A-F 2
Sandy Soil A-F 3
Sandy Soil G-L
Sandy Soil M-R
Sandy Soil S-Z

Info - Peaty Soils
Peaty Soil A-F
Peaty Soil G-L
Peaty Soil M-R
Peaty Soil S-Z

Following parts of Level 2a,
Level 2b,
Level 2c and
Level 2d are included in separate columns
together with
Acid Soil,
Alkaline Soil,
Any Soil,
Height and Spread,
Flowering Months and
Flower Colour in their Columns,
and also
Companion Plants to aid this plant Page,
Alpine Plant for
Rock Garden Index Page
Native to UK WildFlower Plant in its Family Page in this website
and/or
Level 2cc
in the Comment Column
within each
of the Soil Type Pages of
Level 2

Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

PLANTS PAGE MENU

Plant Selection by Plant Requirements
Level 2a
Sun aspect, Moisture

Plant Selection by Form
Level 2b
Tree Growth Shape
Columnar
Oval
Rounded / Spherical
Flattened Spherical
Narrow Conical
Broad Pyramidal
Ovoid / Egg
Broad Ovoid
Narrow Vase
Fan
Broad Fan
Narrow Weeping
Broad Weeping
Single-stem Palm
Multi-stem Palm
Shrub/Perennial Growth Habit
Mat
Prostrate / Trailing
Cushion / Mound
Spreading / Creeping
Clump
Stemless
Erect or Upright
Climbing
Arching

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2c
Bedding
Photos - Bedding
Bog Garden
Coastal Conditions
Containers in Garden
Front of Border
Edibles in Containers
Hanging Basket
Hedge
Photos - Hedging
Pollution Barrier 1, 2
Rest of Border
Rock Garden
Photos - Rock Garden
Thorny Hedge
Windbreak
Woodland

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2cc Others
Aquatic
Back of Shady Border
Crevice Garden
Desert Garden
Raised Bed
Scree Bed
Specimen Plant
Trees for Lawns
Trees for Small Garden
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

Plant Selection by Plant Type
Level 2d
Alpine
Photos - Evergr Per
Photos - Herbac Per
Photos - RHS Herbac
Photos - Rock Garden
Annual
Bamboo
Photos - Bamboo
Biennial
Bulb
Photos - Bulb
Climber
Photos - Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Rhizome
Deciduous Shrub
Photos - Decid Shrub
Evergreen Perennial
Photos - Evergr Per

Evergreen Shrub
0-24 inches 1, 2, 3
24-72 inches 1, 2, 3
Above 72 inches 1, 2

Semi-Evergreen Shrub
Photos - Evergr Shrub
Fern
Photos - Fern
Fruit Plant
Grass
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Photos - Herbac Per
Remaining Top Fruit
Soft Fruit
Sub-Shrub
Top Fruit
Tuber
Vegetable
Photos - Vegetable

Photos - with its link; provides a link to its respective Plant Photo Gallery in this website to provide comparison photos.
Click on required comparison page and then centre of selected plant thumbnail. Further details on that plant will be shown in a separate Plant Description webpage.
Usually the Available from Mail Order Plant Nursery link will link you to the relevant page on that website.
I started this website in 2005 - it is possible that those particular links no longer connect, so you may need to search for that plant instead.

When I started, a click on the centre of the thumbnail ADDED the Plant Description Page, now I CHANGE the page instead. Mobile phones do not allow ADDING a page, whereas stand alone computers do. The User Guidelines Page shows which Plant Photo Galleries have been modified to CHANGE rather than ADD.

------------

Ground-cover Height
Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil,
Plant combinations for sandy soil,
Plant combinations for clay soil,
Woodland, heaths and wet soil and
Shrubs for slopes and large beds chapters are useful
Groundcover Height
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms) 1, 2, 3
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms) 4, 5, 6
Above 72 inches
(180 cms) 7

PLANTS PAGE MENU

REFINING SELECTION
Plant Selection by
Flower Colour
Level 3a
Blue Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Orange Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Wild Flower

Other Colour Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Red Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

White Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Decid Tree
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Yellow Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Photos - 53 Colours in its Colour Wheel Gallery
Photos - 12 Flower Colours per Month in its Bloom Colour Wheel Gallery

Plant Selection by Flower Shape
Level 3b
Photos -
Bedding
Evergr Per
Herbac Per

Plant Selection by Foliage Colour
Level 3c
Aromatic Foliage
Finely Cut Leaves
Large Leaves
Other
Non-Green
Foliage 1
Non-Green
Foliage 2
Sword-shaped Leaves

PRUNING
Plant Selection by Pruning Requirements
Level 4
Pruning Plants

GROUNDCOVER PLANT DETAIL
Plant Selection Level 5
Plant Name - A from Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie
ISBN 1 85626 326 6
Plant Name - B
Plant Name - C
Plant Name - D with Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil.
Plant combinations for sandy soil.
Plant combinations for clay soil.
Woodland, heaths and wet soil.
Shrubs for slopes and large beds.
Plant Name - E
Plant Name - F
Plant Name - G
Plant Name - H
Plant Name - I with How about using staging in your unheated greenhouse and stock it with bulbs and ferns for looking at from the house from autumn to spring, before using it for salads during the spring/summer from The Culture of Bulbs, Bulbous Plants and Tubers Made Plain by Sir J. L. Cotter.
Plant Name - J
Plant Name - K
Plant Name - L If you have no garden but only a concrete or tarmac area why not use 1 of the 8 Garden on a Roll garden borders and then maintain your garden using their Maintaining your border instructions.
Plant Name - M Importance of providing a mulch with the ground cover
Plant Name - N
Plant Name - O
Plant Name - P
Plant Name - Q
Plant Name - R
Plant Name - S
Plant Name - T
Plant Name - U
Plant Name - V
Plant Name - W
Plant Name - XYZ with Ground cover plants for 14 Special Situations:-
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts
Why grass/lawn should never be used as a groundcover
and
Why seaweed is a necessary ingredient for gardens
The 1000 Ground Cover plants detailed above will be compared in the Comparison Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and in the flower colour per month comparison pages of Evergreen Perennial Gallery starting in November 2022

Then, finally use
COMPANION PLANTING to
aid your plant selected or to
deter Pests
Plant Selection Level 6

Remember the following from Row 2 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
with Plant Botanical Index
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z
for all plants detailed in this website.

Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Bulb houseplants flowering inside House during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers

Remember the following from Row 2 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Fern
...Cold-hardy
...From Lime-hating Soil
...From Limestone Soil
...Hanging Basket
...Indoor Decoration
...Outdoor Pot
...Terrariums
...Wet Soils
...Ground Cover
...Pendulous Fronds

Remember the following from Row 4 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen.
Cultivation Requirements of Plant:-
Outdoor /Garden Cultivation,

Indoor / House Cultivation,

Cool Greenhouse Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter,

Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year, and

Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants

Remember the following from Row 5 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process
Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index
......Single Flowers provide honeybees with pollen

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Remember the following from Row 6 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
Plant Colour Wheel Uses

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage

Uses of Rose
Rose Index

Remember the following from Row 7 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-
with
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43

and

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial Gallery, which also contains:-
Tables of Annuals:-
2, Blue to Purple Flowers
31, To Cover Fences
Annuals from the Infill Galleries:-
...Cut Flowers 1, 2
...Bee Pollinated
...as Houseplants
with
Bedding Gallery
and
Bedding from the Infill Galleries:-
...for Spring
...for Summer
......Coloured Fol

Remember the following from Row 8 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

When you have chosen a plant, remember to use
Companion Planting
A ,B ,C ,D ,E ,
F ,G ,H ,I ,J ,K ,
L ,M ,N ,O ,P ,Q ,
R ,S ,T ,U ,V ,W ,
X, Y, Z to aid it or prevent problems for it

Remember especially not to replace a plant from the following
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4

immediately with the same specie or another from the same family, because of Specific Replant Disease. See article in Recommended Rose Pruning Methods.

To be on the safe side, do not replant the same specie in the same place, which is why we have a 4-year Vegetable rotation pattern.

Ivydene Gardens Flower Shape and Use in Landscape for all Wildflower and Cultivated Plants in this Website Gallery: Page Title in Table below									STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements is a part of:- The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process dependent on the Garden Style chosen Garden Style ...Infill Plants ...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index ...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index ...All Plants Index ...Cultivation, Position, Use Index ...Shape, Form Index
EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link
Number of Flower Petals
Number of Flower Petals	Petal-less Petal-less	1 1	2 2	3 3	4 4 and could be cross-shaped	5 5	Above 5 Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple
	Stars Stars	Bowls Bowls	Cups and Saucers	Globes Globes	Goblets and Chalices	Trumpets Trumpet	Funnels Funnels

	Bells Bells	Thimbles Thimbles	Urns Urns	Salver-form Salver-form
									Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers)
Flower Shape - Elab--orated Foliage only plant with No flowers									Alpine Shrubs and Conifers	The Alpine Meadow Page 1 Page 2 Page 3
	Tubes, Lips and Straps	Slippers, Spurs and Lockets	Hats, Hoods and Helmets	Stan-dards , Wings and Keels	Discs and Florets	Pin-Cushions	Tufts Tufts		The Alpine Border 1, 2	The Alpine Meadow Page 1 Page 2 Page 3
							Flower stem termin-ating with a Single Flower or Flower Head		The Alpines that Dislike Lime 1, 2	Alpines and Walls Dry Sunny Walls 1a, b Tops of Walls 2a, b Dry Shady and Conifers 3a, b
	Cushion Cushion	Umbel Umbel	Buttons Buttons	Pompom Pompom	Ball				Sink and Trough gardens 1, 2
									The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists of alpines most likely to thrive and flourish under certain easily defined conditions and for special purposes, which may be considered first choices, from Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962. Alpine Plants for a Purpose:- Beginner's Choice for an All-the-year-round-show in SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER. Plants of Foliage Beauty. Alpines for Full Sun, Hot, Dry Positions. Alpines tolerant of Shade. Alpines for Dry Shade. Alpines tolerant of Lime or Chalk. Alpines readily raised from seed. Alpines for the damper places. Alpines for planting between Paving Stones. Scree Plants.
Natural Arrange--ments
Natural Arrange--ments	Bunches, Posies and Sprays	Columns, Spikes and Spires	Whorls, Tiers and Candle-labra	Plumes and Tails	Chains and Tassels	Cloud, Garland and Cascade	Spheres, Domes and Plates

Evergreen Perennial Name Index 1000 Ground Cover Name Index from PLANTS Topic Herbaceous Perennial Name Index Chalk Garden Plants Name Index Wildflower Botanical Name Index Wildflower Common Name Index and other indices are lower down in the Table in the next column of Tables Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are useful to honeybees, but double flowered cultivars are no benefit at all. Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:- • Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom. Wild roses and single-flowered garden roses yield pollen for honeybees. • Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows and little benefit to honeybees. • Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows and no benefit to honeybees at all. • Full: 26-40 petals in three or ore rows. No benefit to honeybees • Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees. Information about Bee Pollinated Plants is in the Site Map of Evergreen Perennial gallery.









Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant. Wildflowers with the same genus name as for the plant in these following lists with their Species will be added to these lists so that you can then use them with those cultivated perennials for the same purpose in your garden. Their botanical names will be in black.
Woodland Site	Shady Places Site	Rock Garden in Sun Site. In Shade Site.	Planting on a Sloping Site	Bog Site	Large Perennial Site	Cut Flower Site	Outdoor Room Site	PLANT USE AND FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website - WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES BESIDES THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY - combined with those already compared in Bedding, Bulb, Evergreen Perennial, Herbaceous Perennial and Roses pages as linked to in row Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with Tip Colour background shown on the cell to the left.
Strip Site Early Spring Border Special Garden Spring Epheme-rals Special Garden	Plans for Beds and Borders Site Summer Border Special Garden Cottage Garden Special Garden	Beds Site Late Summer Border Special Garden Autumn Border Special Garden	Borders Site Shade Border and Woodland Garden Special Garden Meadow Garden Special Garden	These pages in this section of Yellow Background are List of Perennials by Landscaping Site - xxxx with Plant Type, Evergreen or Herbaceous or Deciduous, Sun Aspect and Listed Species from Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. Her ideas about Perennials (a plant that lasts for more than 2 growing seasons) include most of the other plant types except Annuals and Biennials for use in America			Long Bloomers Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden
White Flower Colour	Blue or Almost Blue Flower Colour	Lavender Flower Colour	Lavender, called Blue Flower Colour	Yellow Flower Colour	Orange Flower Colour	Pink Flower Colour	Red & Scarlet Flower Colour	Bedding Out and Bedding Out of Roses	Bedding for Filling In	Bedding for Screening
Maroon Flower Colour	Flowering Stem between 24-48 inches (60-120 cms)	Flowering Stem over 48 inches (120 cms)	Bloom by Season Jan-Feb	Bloom by Season Mar-Apr	Bloom by Season May-Jun	Bloom by Season Jul-Aug	Bloom by Season Sep-Dec	Bedding for Pots and Troughs	Bedding in Window Boxes	Bedding in Hanging Baskets
Foliage Blue-Green	Foliage Grey-Green	Foliage Grey	Foliage Varie-gated		Foliage Height 1-7 inches (2.5-17.5 cms)	Foliage Height 8-23 inches (20-57.5 cms)	Foliage Height 24- inches (60 and over cms)	Bedding Foliage	Bedding:- Spring Summer Winter	Foliage Only Other than Green Foliage
Foliage Bold	Foliage Finely Cut, Delicate or Compound + Finely Cut	Foliage Aromatic		Perennials for Ground Covering in the Full Sun + 1, 2	Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3		Long Lived	Trees in Lawn Trees in Small Gardens	Wildflower Garden Attract Bird Attract Butterfly 1, 2	Climber on House Wall Climber not on House Wall
Bulbs to Combine with Perennials including Corms	Grasses to Grow with Perennials	Subshrubs to Grow with Perennials	Annuals to Use with Perennials	Herbs for Decoration as well as Culinary		Annuals, Biennials and Perennials to grow Annually	Perennials which Self Sow	Climber in Tree Rabbit-Resistant	Woodland Pollution Barrier	Part Shade Full Shade
Neat Growers - Good for Beds		Perennials which prefer Moisture	Perennials which do best on Margins of Water	Perennials which are Drought Tolerant	Perennials which tolerate Dense Shade	Perennials for Poor Soil, Full Sun	Tough Perennials (or easy Maint-enance)	Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees 1, 2, 3	Ground-Cover <60cm 60-180cm >180cm	Hedge Wind-swept
Alpines without a Garden by Lawrence D. Hills. Published by Faber and Faber Limited in 1953 for cultivation of alpines in pans, troughs and window-boxes, particularly in towns, for gardeners who have only windw-sills or verandas, or flat roof spaces. Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. Wildflowers with the same genus name as for the plant in these following lists with their Species will be added to these lists so that you can then use them with those cultivated perennials for the same purpose in your garden. Their botanical names will be in black.								Covering Banks Patio Pot	Edging Borders	Back of Border Poisonous
Wildflower Form and Evergreen Perennial Form Wildflower Form and Evergreen Perennial Form	Mat- form Mat-forming	Prostrate or Trail Prostrate or Trailing. Climb Climbing	Cushion or Mound Cushion or Mound-forming	Spread or Creep Spreading or Creeping	Clump- form Clump-forming	Stem- less. Stemless. Sword-shape Leaf Sword-shaped Leaves	Erect or Upright Erect or Upright. Arching Arching	Adjacent to Water Bog Garden	Tolerant of Poor Soil Winter-Flowering	Fragrant
Wildflower Use and Evergreen Perennial Use	Other than Only Green Foliage + 1, 2	Bedding or Mass Planting	Ground-Cover	In Water	Coastal Conditions + Coastal	Speciman Plant	Under-plant	Not Fragrant	Exhibition	Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
	Indoor House-plant	Grow in an Alpine House	Grow in Hanging Basket + Basket	Grow in Window-box	Grow in Green-house	Fragrant Flowers	Not Fragrant Flowers	Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves	Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal	Coastal Conditions
	Attracts Butter-flies + Butterfly Usage of Plants	Attracts Bees + 1, 2, 3 and Forage Calendar	Grow in Scree	Grow in a Patio Pot	Grow in an Alpine Trough + Rock Plant	Edging Borders	Back of Border or Back-ground Plant	Tolerant on North-facing Wall	Cut Flower	Potted Veg Outdoors Potted Veg Indoors
	Into Native Plant Garden	Naturalize in Grass	Natural-ized Plant Area	Resistant to Wildlife				Thornless Raised Bed Outdoors Veg	Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Grow in Acidic Soil
								Grow in Any Soil	Grow in Rock Garden	Grow Bulbs Indoors
Wildflower in Soil and Evergreen Perennial in Soil	Chalk + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Clay + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Sand + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Lime-Free (Acid) + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Peat + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Any + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	+ Evergreen Perennials in Pages in Plants		Potted Fruit Outdoors	Potted Fruit Indoors
Peony Use of Peonies in UK Peony Index	Fragrant Flowers	Flower Arrangers Hedge	Growing Tree Peonies in Pots	Front of Border	Rest of Border	Not Green Foliage Rock Garden	Seaside / Coastal Tree	Fruit Outdoors	Plants for Outdoor Containers Index A-C, D-M, N-Z

Plant Name Index for several groups; plus --->								Companion Planting
1000 Ground Cover Name Index from PLANTS Topic	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	A
Plant with Camera Photo Name Index of Ivydene Gardens	A 1, 2, Photos	B 1, Photos	C 1, Photos	D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Photos, with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pave-ments of Funchal	E 1, Photos	F 1, Photos	G 1, Photos	B
Chalk Garden Plants Name Index	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	C
Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	D
Wildflower Botanical Name Index	AC,AG,AL, AN,AR,AR, AS,	BA,BR,BR,	CA,CA,CA, CA,CA,CA, CA,CE,CE, CH,CI,CO, CR,	DA,DE,DR,	EP,EP,ER, EU,	FE,FO,	GA,GA,GE, GL,	E
Wildflower Common Name Index	AC,AL,AS,	BE,BL,BO, BR,	CA,CL,CO, CO,CO,CR,	DA,DO,	EA,	FE,FI,FR,	GO,GR,GU,	F
Evergreen Perennial Name Index	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	G
Herbaceous Perennial Name Index	A1,2	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Bulb Name Index	A1, 2, 3,	B	C1, 2,	D	E	F	G, Glad,	I
Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	J
								K
1000 Ground Cover Name Index from PLANTS Topic	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	L
Plant with Camera Photo Name Index of Ivydene Gardens	H 1, Photos	I 1, Photos	J 1, Photos	K 1, Photos	L 1, Photos, with Label Problems	M 1, Photos	N 1, Photos	M
Chalk Garden Plants Name Index	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	N
Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
Wildflower Botanical Name Index	HE,HI,HI, HY,	IM,	JU,	KI,	LA,LE,LI, LL,LU,LY,	ME,ME,MI, MY,	NA,	P
Wildflower Common Name Index	HA,HO,	IR,	J	KN,	LE,LE,LO,	MA,ME,MO,	NA,NO,	Q
Evergreen Perennial Name Index	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	R
Herbaceous Perennial Name Index	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	S
Bulb Name Index	H	I	J	K	L1, 2,	M	N	T
Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	U ,V
								W
1000 Ground Cover Name Index from PLANTS Topic	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	X, Y, Z
Plant with Camera Photo Name Index of Ivydene Gardens	O 1, Photos	P 1, Photos	Q 1, Photos	R 1, 2, 3, Photos	S 1, Photos	T 1, Photos	U 1, Photos	Companion planting is the name given to the system of using one plant to help another. It happens in various ways:- 1. Plants may help each other directly. 2. Plants may help each other indirectly by improving the soil. 3. Plants may compete with and/or directly harm others. 4. Some plants help others if they are present in a small proportion, but hinder or harm them as the ratio increases. 5. Plants may repel harmful insects or attract them away from other plants. 6. Plants may support insect populations which are beneficial to other plants. 7. Plants may repel other and larger pests. 8. Plants may attract birds and other creatures which prey on pests and/or are generally beneficial. 9. Plants may reduce the incidence of fungal or other diseases in nearby plants. 10. And, finally, plants may be attractive and/or beneficial to animals and people. Further details in Companion Planting page of Garden Design. Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests
Chalk Garden Plants Name Index	O	P	QR		S	T	UV
Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U
Wildflower Botanical Name Index	OE,OR,OR,	PA,PH,PL, PO,PO,PO, PO,PU,	Q	RA,RH,RO, RO,RU,	SA,SA,SA, SC,SC,SE, SI,SI,SO, SP,ST,	TA,TH,TR, TR,	UR,
Wildflower Common Name Index	O	PE,PO,PY,	Q	RE,RO,	SA,SE,SE, SK,SM,SO, SP,ST,SW,	TO,TW,	U
Evergreen Perennial Name Index	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U
Herbaceous Perennial Name Index	O	P1,2	Q	R	S	T	U
Bulb Name Index	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U
Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U

1000 Ground Cover Name Index from PLANTS Topic	V	W			XYZ
Plant with Camera Photo Name Index of Ivydene Gardens	V 1, Photos	W 1, Photos, with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams	X 1 Photos	Y 1, Photos	Z 1 Photos	Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens	Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and Plant Use of:- Rock Garden within linked page
Chalk Garden Plants Name Index	Daffodils	WXYZ	Paeonies	Roses	Lilies			Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index using these books:- Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites in the USA for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens in the USA. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant.
Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index	V	W	X	Y	Z	Per in USA with no flowers are compared in --->	January Unusual Colour Flower Page
Wildflower Botanical Name Index	VE,VE,VI	W	X	Y	Z	EXTRAS 91,92,
Wildflower Common Name Index	V	WA,WE,WI, WO,WO,	X	YE	Z	EXTRAS 57,58,59, 60,61,62, 63,64,
Evergreen Perennial Name Index	V	W	X	Y	Z
Herbaceous Perennial Name Index	V	W			XYZ	Diascia Photo Album	UK Peony Index
Bulb Name Index	V	W			XYZ
Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website	V	W			X, Y, Z

The following plants shall be added to the Flower Shape pages of this gallery from Aquatic (Aquatic Index with Aquatic plant use), Bamboo (Bamboo Index with bamboo use), Bedding (Bedding Plant Index with their flower shape and bedding uses, RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index , RHS Mixed Border Un-labelled Bedding Plant Index, a different RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index, Bedding Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left, and second row down), Bulb (Bulb Index is above. Bulb use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left), Butterfly (UK Butterfly - Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage of Plants. Plant Usage by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.), Climber (see next row), Conifer (Conifer Tree Index with Conifer Use), Deciduous Shrub (Deciduous Shrub with Deciduous Shrub Use), Deciduous Tree (Deciduous Tree with Deciduous Tree Use), Evergreen Perennial (Evergreen Perennial Index is above), Evergreen Shrub (Evergreen Shrub Index with Evergreen Shrub Use), Evergreen Tree (Evergreen Tree Index with Evergreen Tree Use), Fern (Fern Index with Fern Use), Grass (Grass Index with Lawn Grass), Hedging (Hedging Index and Hedge Uses), Herbaceous Perennial (Herbaceous Perennial Index is above), Herb (Herb Index), Odds and Sods (Alpine, Cut Flowers and Succulent Plants Index), Rhododendron (Azalea, Camellia and Rhododendron Index), Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers (Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, NO, PQ, R, S, T, UVWXYZ Rock Plant Photos ), Rose (Rose Use, Rose Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page, Photo Index R 1, 2, 3), Soft Fruit (Soft Fruit Index with what each trained form is used for, and extra details in Soft Fruit Plant List), Top Fruit (Apple Index, Cherry Index, Pear Index with what each trained form is used for, and extra details in Top Fruit Plant List), Vegetable (Vegetable Index) and Wildflower (Wildflower Botanical Name Index and Wildflower Common Name Index are above and Wildflower Garden Use).
Climbers:- 3 Sector Vertical Plant System from Infill3 Gallery Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. Warning - Just as it is a mistake to try to keep a tiger in a dog's kennel, it can be a disaster to plant a rampant grower in a site that it will very quickly outgrow. Strong climbers, especially self-supporting ones (Ivy, Ampelopsis, Parthenocissus and Vitis), can quickly get to the eaves, where they may sabotage gutters, and if allowed to get onto the roof, distort or even dislodge tiling. Climbing roses must be supported by humans tying them to structures since the roses cannot do it themselves (keep the top of the structures 3 feet below the eaves so that annual pruning can reduce the risk of the odd stem reaching the guttering!!). There are 3 sectors on a house wall or high wall:- 0-36 inches (0-90 cms) in height - The Base. This gives the most sheltered conditions in the garden, with soil and air temperatures above those of the surrounding area. This area will suffer less buffeting from wind. Soil care will be ensuring a high humus content - to enrich the nutrient value and help to create reservoirs of moisture. Light intensity will depend on the aspect of the wall (North-facing will get very little sunlight) with the surrounding buildings and plants, including trees. The following pages in InFill3 gallery cover The Base: 1a Base of Wall Plants 1b Annuals 1c Herbs and Vegetables 1d Cut Flowers, Cut Foliage 1e Scented Flower or Foliage 1f Foliage Use only. 36-120 inches (90-300 cms) in height - The Prime Site. As the plant moves upwards to about 6 feet, conditions change: plants still benefit from the reflected heat and stored heat of walls warmed by the sun but have more light and air. Many climbers will have established a trunk below and now begin to spread themselves. This middle section is visually important, because it is at eye level and just below that that we should display those items to which we want to draw most attention. Most of the shrubs that are suitable for growing against walls are between 3 and 10 feet in height. The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover The Prime Site: 2a Wall Shrubs 1, 2, 3, 4 2b Fruit Trees Plants for Wildlife-use as well Raised Bed for Wheelchair Users Above 120 inches (300+ cms) in height - The Higher Reaches. This is only likely to occur on house walls and other tall buildings with climbers and trained trees/shrubs covering all the way up to 36 inches from the guttering at roof level ( to prevent ingress to the internal roof space or blockage of the guttering). The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover The Higher Reaches: 3a House-Wall Ramblers 3b Non-House-Wall Climbing Twiners 1, 2 3c Non-House-Wall Self-Clinging Climbers The climbers in the Climber Plant Gallery have been placed into one of these 3 heights with the Text Box Boundary in:- Blue for 0-36 inches (0-90 cms) Green for 36-120 inches (90-300 cms) Red for above 10 feet. The Climber Plant Gallery splits the climbers into their following ways of climbing:- Ramblers/Scramblers - These climbers lean on other plants or need artificial supports to climb - Roses, Jasmine, Espalier-trained Fruit Tree/Fruit Ramblers. These are suitable for house or building walls where vine-eye and wire or 1 inch square timber trellis support structures can be erected up to 3 feet below the gutter for the climbers to be tied to with natural twine (not plastic or metal wire - stems grow sideways but plastic and metal contrict this, whereas natural twine will eventually rot or be broken by the expanding stem), or they can be trained on chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or arbours. Herbaceous Clematis has been added since the top growth dies off completely in the Autumn and Non-Climbing Clematis since it will require being tied to a support structure. In theInfill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the 3a House-Wall Ramblers Self-Clingers: Aerial Roots - A series of roots are produced along the length of its stems. These attach themselves very strongly to the surfaces they find - Ivy (Hedera). Self-Clingers: Sucker Pads - Tendrils are produced along the young growing stems, opposite the leaves. The main tendril stem divides into a number of slender filaments, each of which has a scarcely perceivable pad at its tip.Once the tips have established contact, the tiny pad is much expanded and becomes a significant sucker, which fits so strongly to the surface that if the stem is pulled away the suckers are left behind- Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Self-Clingers: Twining - Many climbers find support simply by twining their stems around any object they find - Wisteria and Honeysuckle. Self-Clingers: Twining Leaf-Stem - Some climbers make do with sensitive leaf stalks which wrap themselves around objects for support - Clematis. Others establish themselves with thorns, hooks, spines and prickles. Self-Clingers: Twining Tendrils - A group of climbers climb by producing a series of tendrils. These are touch sensitive and will curl round any small object they come into contact with and thus enable the plant to climb securely on itself or other plants or manmade support structures - Chinese Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus henryana), Sweet Pea and the Pea Family (Leguminosae). All these Self-Clingers are suitable for garden walls, chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or fedges, but not for House-Walls. In the Infill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the 3b The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Climbing Twiners 1, 2 Page or 3c The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Self-Clinging Climbers Page. Climber 3 Sector Vertical Plant System Use Pages:- Fastest Covering Least Protruding Growth when fan-trained Evergreen 1, 2 In Exposed Position Produces Ornamental Fruit 1, 2 Scented Flowers Autumn Foliage Colour 1, 2 Winter Bark Winter and Early Spring Flowers Edible Fruit Needs Conservatory or Greenhouse Large Pots and Containers Cut Flowers Attractive to Bees Use as Hedge Use as Groundcover Has Flowers during:- January February March April May 1, 2 June July August September October November December Simple Flower Shape:- Stars Bowls, Cups and Saucers Globes, Goblets and Chalices Trumpets and Funnels Salverform Bells, Thimbles and Urns Elaborated Flower Shape:- Tubes, Lips and Straps Slippers, Spurs and Lockets Hats, Hoods and Helmets Standards, Wings and Keels Disks and Florets Pin-cushions, Tufts, Petal-less and Cushions Umbels, Buttons and Pompoms The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. Published by Penguin Books Ltd. in 1990. ISBN 0-670-82929-3 is providing more climbers to add to the ones from Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0). Further details of each are available in Climber Plant Gallery:- Climber Ramblers and Scramblers for House Wall and other supports like garden walls, pergolas, tripods, shrubs, trees, Climber Wall Shrub Index for House Wall and other areas of the garden, Climber Annuals Index for all support areas except House Walls, Climber Base of Wall Plants for all support areas except House Walls, Climber Self-Clinging Index for all support areas except House Walls, Climber Tender Plants Index for all support areas except House Walls, or Climber Twiners Index for all support areas except House Walls
Bedding:- The following details about BEDDING comes from Wikipedia:- "Bedding, in horticulture, refers to the temporary planting of fast-growing plants into flower beds to create colourful, temporary, seasonal displays, during spring, summer or winter. Plants used for bedding are generally annuals, biennials or tender perennials; succulents are gaining in popularity. Some bedding plants are also referred to as "patio plants" because they are widely used in pots and other containers positioned on patios, terraces, decking and other areas around houses. Larger tender "conservatory plants" may also be moved out from greenhouses or conservatories and planted out in borders (or stood in their pots in sheltered positions) for the warmer months, then returned to shelter for the winter. The modern bedding plant industry breeds and produces plants with a neat, dwarf habit, which flower uniformly and reliably. They are bred primarily for use in large-scale bedding schemes where uniformity and predictability is of paramount importance, but this is often achieved by losing the plants' individual character, and has been criticised by such notable plantsmen as the late Christopher Lloyd, who championed an informal style of bedding. Bedding plants There exists a huge range of plants specifically grown to produce a period of flower colour throughout the spring and summer, and (usually) discarded after flowering. They may conveniently be divided into four groups:- Hardy annuals sown directly into the ground early in the season (poppy, stock, sunflower, clarkia, godetia, eschscholzia, nigella, dianthus) Tender annual or perennial plants treated as half-hardy annuals - sown under glass in late winter in heat, or purchased as young plants, and hardened-off outdoors when all danger of frost has passed (begonia, lobelia, petunia, argyranthemum, chrysanthemum, pelargonium, nicotiana, cosmos, fuchsia) Hardy biennial plants, or perennials treated as biennial, sown in one year to flower the next, and discarded after flowering (antirrhinum, polyanthus, wallflower, daisy, foxglove, some dianthus, some poppies, campanula, delphinium, aubrieta, aquilegia, cornflower, pansies) Corms, rhizomes, bulbs and tubers, planted each year and lifted after the plant has died down and stored in winter, or discarded (tulip, narcissus, hyacinth, gladiolus, dahlia, canna) Types of bedding Formal bedding, as seen in parks and large gardens, where whole flower beds are replanted two or three times a year, is a costly and labour-intensive process. Towns and cities are encouraged to produce impressive displays by campaigns such as "Britain in Bloom". Spring bedding Plants used for spring bedding are often biennials (sown one year to flower the next), or hardy, but short-lived, perennials. Spring-flowering bulbs such as tulips are often used, typically with forget-me-nots, wallflowers, winter pansies and polyanthus. Summer bedding Plants used for summer bedding are generally annuals or tender perennials. They become available (often as what are referred to as "plug plants") in nurseries and garden centres during spring, to be gradually "hardened off" (acclimatised to outdoor conditions) by the purchaser and finally planted out around the time that the last frosts are expected. Experienced gardeners keep an eye on the weather forecasts at that time of year and are on standby to protect their bedding displays overnight with horticultural fleece (or the older alternatives of net curtains or newspaper) if frost threatens. some annuals for bedding:- Annuals with Blue to Purple Flowers Annuals with Red to Pink Flowers Annuals with Green Flowers Annuals with Black or Brown Flowers Annuals with Yellow, and Orange Flowers Annuals with White Flowers Low-Growing Annuals Medium-Growing Annuals Tall-Growing Annuals Heat-Tolerant Annuals Annuals for Moist Soil Annuals for Shade Annuals for Indoors Annuals for Cutting Annuals that Naturalize Annuals with Decorative Foliage Annuals for Edging Annuals for Fragrance Annuals for Hanging Baskets Vining Annuals Annuals for Coastal Gardens Annuals with Clump-Forming Habit Annuals with Compact/Bushy Habit Annuals with Erect Habit Annuals with Mounded Habit Annuals with Spreading or Sprawling Habit Annuals with Wildflower Meadows Annuals To Cover Fences Annuals of Odds and Sods 1, 2 Carpet bedding Carpet bedding employs two or more contrasting plant cultivars with a neat, dwarf habit and distinct colouring (of flower or foliage) to create geometric displays. It is often used to form such things as lettering, logos or trademarks, coats of arms, or floral clocks. Suitable plants are rosette-forming succulents such as Echeveria or fairly slow-growing or mat-forming foliage plants, such as coloured-leaved Alternanthera cultivars, which are tolerant of clipping; such plants may also be used in three-dimensional sculptural forms or pseudo-topiary. Coleus Bedding Trial Index . These Solenostemon are used as bedding for their multi-coloured foliage. Winter bedding Planted in autumn to give a display until early spring, the plants used for winter bedding are mainly hardy perennials. As it has to be planted at the same time of year as spring bedding does, winter bedding tends to be less commonly seen, except in containers such as windowboxes. Some are short-lived and will be discarded after their first display; others may be used as a source of cuttings for the next year. Winter-hardy ornamental vegetables such as cultivars of kale and cabbage with coloured or variegated foliage are increasingly common. Primula cultivars (polyanthus and primroses) are commonly used, as are winter-flowering heathers and Viola × wittrockiana, winter pansies. Variegated evergreens such as cultivars of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), Euonymus fortunei and Hedera helix (ivies) are also popular."

Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Wildflower 17 Flower Colours per Month

Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages
are compared in all the relevant month(s) of when that Wildflower flowers -
in the Wildflower Flower Colour
of that row

CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Common Name with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC,AL,AS,BE,
BL,BO,BR,CA,
CL,CO,CO,CO,
CR,DA,DO,EA,
FE,FI,FR,GO,
GR,GU,HA,HO,
IR,KN,LE,LE,
LO,MA,ME,MO,
NA,NO,PE,PO,
PY,RE,RO,SA,
SE,SE,SK,SM,
SO,SP,ST,SW,
TO,TW,WA,WE,
WI,WO,WO,YE

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN,
AR,AR,AS,BA,
BR,BR,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,CH,
CI,CO,CR,DA,
DE,DR,EP,EP,
ER,EU,FE,FO,
GA,GA,GE,GL,
HE,HI,HI,HY,
IM,JU,KI,LA,
LE,LI,LL,LU,LY, ME,ME,MI,MY,
NA,OE,OR,OR,
PA,PH,PL,PO,
PO,PO,PO,PU,
RA,RH,RO,RO,
RU,SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,SI,
SI,SO,SP,ST,
TA,TH,TR,TR,
UR,VE,VE,VI

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov