PINCUSHION, TUFT, PETAL-LESS CLUSTER, CUSHION AND BALL Flower SHAPE

Ivydene Gardens Wildflower Flower Shape Gallery: Elaborated Shape of Flower is Pincushion, Tuft, Petal-less Cluster, Cushion or Ball
Addition in Text Box						Ball - Bal
Pincushion - Pin		Tufty Florets - Tuf		Petal-less Cluster - Pet		Cushion - Cus

CHALK, SAND, CLAY. Astilbe chinensis var. pumila FULL SUN, PART SHADE Her. Perennial Jul-Sep Tuf	Acaena anserin-ifolia Jun-Jul Pirri-pirri bur from Wild-flower ROSE 3. Herbac-eous Per-ennial roadside verge, path-sides Pet	CHALK, SAND. Dianthus 'Kiwi Double North' SUN, PART SHADE steel-grey foliage Summer Bedding Jun-Oct bedding out, filling in, pots and troughs, window boxes, hanging baskets Bal

CHALK, CLAY, SAND. Dahlia 'Arabian Night' SUN Summer Bedding Green Foliage May-Nov Dark Red Flowers Jul-Nov Filling In. Scree-ning. Pots and Troughs. Bal	There are photos and text descri-ption on this Dahlia and more than 44 other Dahlias in the Dahlia Gallery of this website. FORM and USE Clump-forming Use in Pots Use for Cut-Flower Use in Bedding	The National Dahlia Collection has moved to 16 acres of Kehelland Trust in Cornwall, England Puget Sound Dahlia Associ-ation has 2 display gardens in USA
	Bronze-Orange	Purplish-pink
CHALK. Astrantia major PART SHADE Her Rhizome Jun-Aug Pin	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'David Howard' SUN Summer Bedding Bronze-tinged, slightly Purplish Foliage May-Nov flowers in Jul-Oct filling in, pots and troughs, bee, cut flower, butterfly. Bal	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Fascin-ation' SUN Summer Bedding Dark Bronze Foliage Apr-Oct flowers in May-Oct filling in, pots and troughs, cut flower, bee, butterfly
Purple tipped, white petals turn a uniform shade of lilac	Dark Purple	Yellow petals with Rose-Red tipped petals	White with lilac flush	Wine-Red petals tipped with White	fragrant, golden-yellow - the ruffled petal margins strongly suffused dull reddish orange with mid green foliage
CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Blue Wish' SUN Summer Bedding Foliage May-Nov flowers Jun-Oct Filling in, Screen-ing, pots and troughs, cut flower Bal	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Blyton Royal Velvet' SUN Summer Bedding Foliage May-Nov flowers Jul-Oct Bedding out, filling in, screen-ing, cut flower, bee and butterfly Bal	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Jessica' SUN Summer Bedding Foliage May-Oct flowers Jun-Oct bedding out, filling in, screen-ing, pots and troughs, bee, butterfly, cut flower Tuf, Bal	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Josie Gott' SUN Summer Bedding Green Foliage May-Oct flowers Jul-Sep Bedding out, filling in, screen-ing, pots and troughs Bal	CHALK, SAND, SANDY-CLAY. Dahlia 'Tiptoe' SUN Summer Bedding Foliage May-Oct flowers Jul-Oct Filling in, Screen-ing, pots and troughs, miniat-ure dahlia in terra-cotta pot Bal	CHALK. Paeonia 'Souvenir de Maxine Cornu' SUN AND PART SHADE Jun decid-uous shrub. use tree peony as a back of border or garden divider hedge. annual mulch of cow manure Bal

CHALK Angel-ica sylves-tris Full Sun, Part Shade. Herb Jul-Sep Pin


Silvery mauve, double flowers mature to silver
SAND. Clematis Early Large-Flowered 'Belle of Woking' SUN May-Jun and Sep twining self clinger decid-uous climber not for house walls. Pot and tie to trellis Bal
early flowers double and later are semi-double white, sometimes tinged green	dark coral-red with dark green, thick, leathery, ovate or heart-shaped foliage, with small marginal spines	fragrant, creamy-white changing to buff-yellow flowers followed in female plants by edible fruits with dark green foliage. plant killed below -5C
sand. Clematis Early Flowered 'Duchess of Edin-burgh', sun, part shade May-Jun and sep twining self clinger ever-green climber not on house walls. Pot, into trees or on trellis Bal	ACIDIC SAND WITH HUMUS. Berberi-dopsis corallina PART SHADE Jul-Sep Rambler ever-green climber is supported over trellis by a south-facing wall or through a shrub or tree in warmer parts of UK Bal	CHALK, SAND. Actinidia deliciosa SUN AND PART SHADE Jul-Aug twining self clinger decid-uous climber not for house walls. in green-house or conser-vatory Tuf
Pin-cushions, Tufts, Petal-less, Cushions and Balls Flower Elaborated Shape Pincushions - The pincushions of plants such as scabious (Scabiosa columbaria from BritishFlora) are in reality compound flowerheads, with a dome of central florets surrounded by larger florets. Tufts - The flowerheads of many knapweeds (Greater Knapweed) and thistles (Melancholy Thistle) consist of Tufty Florets, Petal-less - but the small fluffy tufts of the meadow rues (Lesser Meadow-rue) are Petal-less Clusters of stamens. Cushion - The Cushions of plants such as Androsace delavayi are compound rosettes of foliage with flowers just above each rosette. Ball - What is the ball-shaped flower called? Dahlias are well-known for their large, showy globe shaped flowers. They typically bloom from mid-summer until fall and the flowers come in a wide range of colors including red, pink, yellow, and orange. Flower from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 29 July 2013.

Ivydene Gardens Wildflower Flower Shape Gallery: Elaborated Shape of Flower is Pincushion, Tuft, Petal-less Cluster, Cushion or Ball
Rosy-red tufts in bunches with silver, carpet-like foliage
ANY DRY SOIL. Antenn-aria dioca 'Rosea' SUN May-Aug Ever-green Alpine Ground Cover from PLANTS forms spreading mats in rock garden, against walls, pots, cut flowers Tuf

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape
and Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row),
Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.
They use both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
...Bedding
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container
...Hedge
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

Climbers:-

3 Sector Vertical Plant System from Infill3 Gallery

Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well.

Warning - Just as it is a mistake to try to keep a tiger in a dog's kennel, it can be a disaster to plant a rampant grower in a site that it will very quickly outgrow. Strong climbers, especially self-supporting ones (Ivy, Ampelopsis, Parthenocissus and Vitis), can quickly get to the eaves, where they may sabotage gutters, and if allowed to get onto the roof, distort or even dislodge tiling. Climbing roses must be supported by humans tying them to structures since the roses cannot do it themselves (keep the top of the structures 3 feet below the eaves so that annual pruning can reduce the risk of the odd stem reaching the guttering!!).

There are 3 sectors on a house wall or high wall:-

0-36 inches (0-90 cms) in height - The Base. This gives the most sheltered conditions in the garden, with soil and air temperatures above those of the surrounding area. This area will suffer less buffeting from wind. Soil care will be ensuring a high humus content - to enrich the nutrient value and help to create reservoirs of moisture. Light intensity will depend on the aspect of the wall (North-facing will get very little sunlight) with the surrounding buildings and plants, including trees.
The following pages in InFill3 gallery cover
The Base:
- 1a Base of Wall Plants
- 1b Annuals
- 1c Herbs and Vegetables
- 1d Cut Flowers, Cut Foliage
- 1e Scented Flower or Foliage
- 1f Foliage Use only.
36-120 inches (90-300 cms) in height - The Prime Site. As the plant moves upwards to about 6 feet, conditions change: plants still benefit from the reflected heat and stored heat of walls warmed by the sun but have more light and air. Many climbers will have established a trunk below and now begin to spread themselves. This middle section is visually important, because it is at eye level and just below that that we should display those items to which we want to draw most attention. Most of the shrubs that are suitable for growing against walls are between 3 and 10 feet in height.
The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover
The Prime Site:
- 2a Wall Shrubs 1, 2, 3, 4
- 2b Fruit Trees
- Plants for Wildlife-use as well
- Raised Bed for Wheelchair Users
Above 120 inches (300+ cms) in height - The Higher Reaches. This is only likely to occur on house walls and other tall buildings with climbers and trained trees/shrubs covering all the way up to 36 inches from the guttering at roof level ( to prevent ingress to the internal roof space or blockage of the guttering).
The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover
The Higher Reaches:

The climbers in the Climber Plant Gallery have been placed into one of these 3 heights with the Text Box Boundary in:-

Blue for 0-36 inches (0-90 cms)
Green for 36-120 inches (90-300 cms)
Red for above 10 feet.

The Climber Plant Gallery splits the climbers into their following ways of climbing:-

Ramblers/Scramblers - These climbers lean on other plants or need artificial supports to climb - Roses, Jasmine, Espalier-trained Fruit Tree/Fruit Ramblers. These are suitable for house or building walls where vine-eye and wire or 1 inch square timber trellis support structures can be erected up to 3 feet below the gutter for the climbers to be tied to with natural twine (not plastic or metal wire - stems grow sideways but plastic and metal contrict this, whereas natural twine will eventually rot or be broken by the expanding stem), or they can be trained on chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or arbours. Herbaceous Clematis has been added since the top growth dies off completely in the Autumn and Non-Climbing Clematis since it will require being tied to a support structure. In theInfill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the
3a House-Wall Ramblers
Self-Clingers: Aerial Roots - A series of roots are produced along the length of its stems. These attach themselves very strongly to the surfaces they find - Ivy (Hedera).
Self-Clingers: Sucker Pads - Tendrils are produced along the young growing stems, opposite the leaves. The main tendril stem divides into a number of slender filaments, each of which has a scarcely perceivable pad at its tip.Once the tips have established contact, the tiny pad is much expanded and becomes a significant sucker, which fits so strongly to the surface that if the stem is pulled away the suckers are left behind- Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
Self-Clingers: Twining - Many climbers find support simply by twining their stems around any object they find - Wisteria and Honeysuckle.
Self-Clingers: Twining Leaf-Stem - Some climbers make do with sensitive leaf stalks which wrap themselves around objects for support - Clematis. Others establish themselves with thorns, hooks, spines and prickles.
Self-Clingers: Twining Tendrils - A group of climbers climb by producing a series of tendrils. These are touch sensitive and will curl round any small object they come into contact with and thus enable the plant to climb securely on itself or other plants or manmade support structures - Chinese Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus henryana), Sweet Pea and the Pea Family (Leguminosae).
All these Self-Clingers are suitable for garden walls, chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or fedges, but not for House-Walls. In the Infill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the
3b The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Climbing Twiners 1, 2 Page or
3c The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Self-Clinging Climbers Page.

Climber 3 Sector Vertical Plant System Use Pages:-

Fastest Covering
Least Protruding Growth when fan-trained
Evergreen 1, 2
In Exposed Position
Produces Ornamental Fruit 1, 2
Scented Flowers
Autumn Foliage Colour 1, 2
Winter Bark
Winter and Early Spring Flowers
Edible Fruit
Needs Conservatory or Greenhouse
Large Pots and Containers
Cut Flowers
Attractive to Bees
Use as Hedge
Use as Groundcover
Has Flowers during:-
- January
- February
- March
- April
- May 1, 2
- June
- July
- August
- September
- October
- November
- December
Simple Flower Shape:-
Elaborated Flower Shape:-

The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. Published by Penguin Books Ltd. in 1990. ISBN 0-670-82929-3 is providing more climbers to add to the ones from Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0).

Further details of each are available in Climber Plant Gallery:-
Climber Ramblers and Scramblers for House Wall and other supports like garden walls, pergolas, tripods, shrubs, trees,
Climber Wall Shrub Index for House Wall and other areas of the garden,
Climber Annuals Index for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Base of Wall Plants for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Self-Clinging Index for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Tender Plants Index for all support areas except House Walls, or
Climber Twiners Index for all support areas except House Walls

Bedding:-

The following details about BEDDING comes from Wikipedia:-
"Bedding, in horticulture, refers to the temporary planting of fast-growing plants into flower beds to create colourful, temporary, seasonal displays, during spring, summer or winter. Plants used for bedding are generally annuals, biennials or tender perennials; succulents are gaining in popularity.
Some bedding plants are also referred to as "patio plants" because they are widely used in pots and other containers positioned on patios, terraces, decking and other areas around houses. Larger tender "conservatory plants" may also be moved out from greenhouses or conservatories and planted out in borders (or stood in their pots in sheltered positions) for the warmer months, then returned to shelter for the winter.
The modern bedding plant industry breeds and produces plants with a neat, dwarf habit, which flower uniformly and reliably. They are bred primarily for use in large-scale bedding schemes where uniformity and predictability is of paramount importance, but this is often achieved by losing the plants' individual character, and has been criticised by such notable plantsmen as the late Christopher Lloyd, who championed an informal style of bedding.

Bedding plants
There exists a huge range of plants specifically grown to produce a period of flower colour throughout the spring and summer, and (usually) discarded after flowering. They may conveniently be divided into four groups:-

Hardy annuals sown directly into the ground early in the season (poppy, stock, sunflower, clarkia, godetia, eschscholzia, nigella, dianthus)
Tender annual or perennial plants treated as half-hardy annuals - sown under glass in late winter in heat, or purchased as young plants, and hardened-off outdoors when all danger of frost has passed (begonia, lobelia, petunia, argyranthemum, chrysanthemum, pelargonium, nicotiana, cosmos, fuchsia)
Hardy biennial plants, or perennials treated as biennial, sown in one year to flower the next, and discarded after flowering (antirrhinum, polyanthus, wallflower, daisy, foxglove, some dianthus, some poppies, campanula, delphinium, aubrieta, aquilegia, cornflower, pansies)
Corms, rhizomes, bulbs and tubers, planted each year and lifted after the plant has died down and stored in winter, or discarded (tulip, narcissus, hyacinth, gladiolus, dahlia, canna)

Types of bedding
Formal bedding, as seen in parks and large gardens, where whole flower beds are replanted two or three times a year, is a costly and labour-intensive process. Towns and cities are encouraged to produce impressive displays by campaigns such as "Britain in Bloom".

Spring Bedding
Plants used for spring bedding are often biennials (sown one year to flower the next), or hardy, but short-lived, perennials. Spring-flowering bulbs such as tulips are often used, typically with forget-me-nots, wallflowers, winter pansies and polyanthus.
Summer Bedding
Plants used for summer bedding are generally annuals or tender perennials. They become available (often as what are referred to as "plug plants") in nurseries and garden centres during spring, to be gradually "hardened off" (acclimatised to outdoor conditions) by the purchaser and finally planted out around the time that the last frosts are expected. Experienced gardeners keep an eye on the weather forecasts at that time of year and are on standby to protect their bedding displays overnight with horticultural fleece (or the older alternatives of net curtains or newspaper) if frost threatens.
some annuals for bedding:-
- Annuals with Blue to Purple Flowers
- Annuals with Red to Pink Flowers
- Annuals with Green Flowers
  Annuals with Black or Brown Flowers
- Annuals with Yellow, and Orange Flowers
- Annuals with White Flowers
- Low-Growing Annuals
- Medium-Growing Annuals
- Tall-Growing Annuals
- Heat-Tolerant Annuals
- Annuals for Moist Soil
- Annuals for Shade
- Annuals for Indoors
- Annuals for Cutting
- Annuals that Naturalize
- Annuals with Decorative Foliage
- Annuals for Edging
- Annuals for Fragrance
- Annuals for Hanging Baskets
- Vining Annuals
- Annuals for Coastal Gardens
- Annuals with Clump-Forming Habit
- Annuals with Compact/Bushy Habit
- Annuals with Erect Habit
- Annuals with Mounded Habit
- Annuals with Spreading or Sprawling Habit
- Annuals with Wildflower Meadows
- Annuals To Cover Fences
- Annuals of Odds and Sods 1, 2
Carpet bedding
Carpet bedding employs two or more contrasting plant cultivars with a neat, dwarf habit and distinct colouring (of flower or foliage) to create geometric displays. It is often used to form such things as lettering, logos or trademarks, coats of arms, or floral clocks. Suitable plants are rosette-forming succulents such as Echeveria or fairly slow-growing or mat-forming foliage plants, such as coloured-leaved Alternanthera cultivars, which are tolerant of clipping; such plants may also be used in three-dimensional sculptural forms or pseudo-topiary.
- Coleus Bedding Trial Index . These Solenostemon are used as bedding for their multi-coloured foliage.
Winter Bedding
Planted in autumn to give a display until early spring, the plants used for winter bedding are mainly hardy perennials. As it has to be planted at the same time of year as spring bedding does, winter bedding tends to be less commonly seen, except in containers such as windowboxes. Some are short-lived and will be discarded after their first display; others may be used as a source of cuttings for the next year. Winter-hardy ornamental vegetables such as cultivars of kale and cabbage with coloured or variegated foliage are increasingly common. Primula cultivars (polyanthus and primroses) are commonly used, as are winter-flowering heathers and Viola × wittrockiana, winter pansies. Variegated evergreens such as cultivars of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), Euonymus fortunei and Hedera helix (ivies) are also popular."
Other Bedding Plant Uses in Pear Gallery (Bedding):-
- Bedding Out
- Filling In
- Screening
- Pots and Troughs
- Window Boxes and
- Hanging Baskets

TABLE A with white background column

Pre July 2022, the
Evergreen Perennials used this
gallery only.

The Evergreen Perennials have

Plant Description Pages
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their Plant Use compared in another Gallery

The following Column cells with White Background explains the above process in this table.
The next 2 tables (TABLE B and TABLE C) support this explaination.

If both 'Evergreen Perennials' and
'Every Plant detailed in this website' use the same Flower Colour per Month Gallery or
flower shape table,
then the 2 cells are joined together)

This TABLE A will be appended to every page
(TABLE B and TABLE C will be appended
only to the site map pages)
comparing Evergreen Perennials in
the following galleries:-

P-Evergreen A-L Evergreen Perennial
Plant Descriptions
P-Evergreen M-Z Evergreen Perennial
Plant Descriptions .

Evergreen Perennial for 7 flower colours per month .

Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape for
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape .

Evergreen Perennial Plant Use .

TABLE A with yellow background column

Post July 2022, then
'Every plant detailed in this website' will also use this gallery.

Every Plant detailed in this website has

Plant Description Pages or row in a table
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their plant Use compared in another Gallery

The following Column cells with Yellow Background explains the above process in this table.
The next 2 tables (TABLE B and TABLE C) support this explaination

If both 'Evergreen Perennials' and
'Every Plant detailed in this website' use the same Flower Colour per Month Gallery or
flower shape table,
then the 2 cells are joined together)

This TABLE A, TABLE B and TABLE C will be appended only to the site map pages in the remaining galleries and to the site map pages comparing 'Every Plant detailed in this website' in the following galleries:-

Plants detailed in this website by Botanical Name as shown in the next row,
Wildflowers detailed in their Common Name and Botanical Name in the second row down, and the third row down shows even more.

Evergreen Perennial 7 flower colours per month .

Wildflower Flower Shape for
Flower Shape .

Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape for Plant Use .

Their Plant Description Pages in

...P-Evergreen A-L

...P-Evergreen M-Z
with the following
Evergreen Perennial and Alpine Evergreen Index Pages
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,

Their Plant Description Page or row in

Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,

CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Common Name with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC,AL,AS,BE,
BL,BO,BR,CA,
CL,CO,CO,CO,
CR,DA,DO,EA,
FE,FI,FR,GO,
GR,GU,HA,HO,
IR,KN,LE,LE,
LO,MA,ME,MO,
NA,NO,PE,PO,
PY,RE,RO,SA,
SE,SE,SK,SM,
SO,SP,ST,SW,
TO,TW,WA,WE,
WI,WO,WO,YE

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,

Continuing from October 2023
All
use of plants will be compared in Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery,
Flower colour/month in Evergreen Perennial Gallery and
Flower Shape in Wildflower Flower Shape Gallery

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN,
AR,AR,AS,BA,
BR,BR,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,CH,
CI,CO,CR,DA,
DE,DR,EP,EP,
ER,EU,FE,FO,
GA,GA,GE,GL,
HE,HI,HI,HY,
IM,JU,KI,LA,
LE,LI,LL,LU,LY, ME,ME,MI,MY,
NA,OE,OR,OR,
PA,PH,PL,PO,
PO,PO,PO,PU,
RA,RH,RO,RO,
RU,SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,SI,
SI,SO,SP,ST,
TA,TH,TR,TR,
UR,VE,VE,VI

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,

The process below provides a uniform method for
comparing every plant detailed in the following galleries with
the ones already compared in the relevant plant gallery
from the last list of plant galleries in this cell:-

These are the galleries that will provide the plants to be added to their own Extra Index Pages

Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers -
The Index and Flower Colour per month plants are detailed in the Yellow background of Table 4 in the next Table on the right.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O,
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W , XYZ
The Header Row for the above Extra Indices pages is the same as used in the 1000 Ground Cover A of Plants Topic:-
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ
Plants that grow in Chalk -
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV, WXYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers -
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,UVWXYZ ,
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries see Hardy Bulbs, Half-hardy Bulbs, etc in the previous column of this table.

Also, the plants detailed
in the yellow background of Table 1 in the next table on the right.

Also the plants detailed in
All Plants Index Gallery
in the aquatic colour background of Table 1 in the next table on the right.
The complete Camera Photo is displayed on the screen as detailed in Table 6 below in the previous column
Climber in 3 Sector Vertical Plant System as detailed in Table 8 in the next table on the right
Plants with Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders as detailed in the yellow background of Table 7 in the next table on the right
Lists from from Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. She is writing about perennials in America as detailed in the yellow background of Table 2 in the next table on the right

The following Extra Index of Bulbs is created in the
Bulb Plant Gallery, to which the Bulb found in the above list will have that row copied to.
The Header Row for the Extra Indices pages is the same as used in the 1000 Ground Cover A of Plants Topic:-
A 1, 2, 3, B, C 1, 2, D, E, F, G, H, I, J,
K, L 1, 2, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ

Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
its flower or foliage thumbnail will be compared per month in that relevant gallery:-

Aquatic with its index on each page and
its Extra Index
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O,
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ
Bamboo with its index on each page and
its Extra Index
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O,
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ
Bedding with its index on each page as detailed in Table 9 in the next table on the right
Bulb with its index
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2, D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2, M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ and
its Extra index is on the right in those pages
Conifer - Conifers have no flowers and are used for their foliage and cones,
with its index on each page and
its Extra Index
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ
Deciduous Shrub
Deciduous Tree
Evergreen Perennial with its Index
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Evergreen Shrub
Evergreen Tree
Fern - Ferns have no flowers and are used for their foliage
Grass - Grass is used for its grass inflorescence and foliage
Hedging
Herbaceous Perennial with its index
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron, Azalea and Camellia
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
Vegetable
Wild Flower

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries, which comes from the list
Hardy Bulbs, Half-hardy Bulbs, etc
in the second row of Topic Table, which is usually positioned as the first table on the left:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Their 7 flower colours per month compared in Evergreen Perennial
with the
Evergreen Perennial and Alpine Evergreen Index - pre July 2022 -
in each page

Their 7 flower colours per month compared in Evergreen Perennial

I have updated the plant type and plant use for the Evergreen Perennials by February 2023,

then,
I will continue from September 2023 to insert all the 1000 Ground-cover Plants using
'Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places' by John Cushnie ISBN 1 85626 326 6
into these relevant 3 GALLERIES:-

GALLERY 1. FLOWER COLOUR PER MONTH
Flower Colour per Month Comparison Page within Evergreen Perennial Gallery
including those of foliage only in January Unusual Flower. This compares the Flower Colour per month for
both the Evergreen Perennials prior to July 2022 and
all plants detailed in the rest of the website including Evergreen Perennials

colormonthbulb9a1a1a1a

Ground Cover from PLANTS is within the text box under the thumbnail, and by clicking on the centre of the thumbnail, the page shall be changed

to its descriptive row within one of these pages in PLANTS Topic -
1000 Ground
...Cover A, B, C,
...D, E, F, G, H, I,
... J, K, L, M, N,
...O, P, Q, R, S, T,
...U, V, W, XYZ
...with Ground
...Cover for 14
...Situations
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts.
Also, Use
...Ground Cover
...in Landscape
...noise reduction

Their Flower Shape compared in Evergreen Per Shape Gallery
...Flower Shape

Every Plant in this website has their Flower Shape compared in
Wildflower Flower Shape

GALLERY 2. FLOWER SHAPE
Evergreen Per Shape Gallery for Evergreen Perennials and into
Wildflower Shape Gallery pages for all the other plants in this website:-

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link
Number of Flower Petals
Number of Flower Petals	Petal-less Petal-less	1 1	2 2	3 3	4 4 and could be cross-shaped	5 5	Above 5 Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple
	Stars Stars	Bowls Bowls	Cups and Saucers	Globes Globes	Goblets and Chalices	Trumpets Trumpet	Funnels Funnels

	Bells Bells	Thimbles Thimbles	Urns Urns	Salver-form Salver-form

Flower Shape - Elab--orated Foliage only plant with No flowers
	Tubes, Lips and Straps	Slippers, Spurs and Lockets	Hats, Hoods and Helmets	Stan-dards , Wings and Keels	Discs and Florets	Pin-Cushions	Tufts Tufts
							Flower stem terminating with a Single Flower
	Cushion Cushion	Umbel Umbel	Buttons Buttons	Pompom Pompom	Ball		Flower stem terminating with a Single Flower

Natural Arrange--ments
Natural Arrange--ments	Bunches, Posies and Sprays	Columns, Spikes and Spires	Whorls, Tiers and Candle-labra	Plumes and Tails	Chains and Tassels	Cloud, Garland and Cascade	Spheres, Domes and Plates

GALLERY 3. GARDEN USE OF PLANT
into pages in the
...Flower Shape for Plant Use

Most of the
Plant Selection by Garden Use of different types of plant in
Level 2c and Level 2cc from the PLANTS and PLANTS EXTRA Topic have been transferred to
Evgr Per Shape Gallery:-

Garden Plant Use
ANIMAL RESISTANT PLANTS ,
Aquatic ,
Aromatic Foliage ,
ATTRACTS BEES ,
ATTRACTS BUTTERFLIES ,
Back of Shady Border ,
Bedding ,
Bog Garden ,
Coastal Conditions ,
Containers in Garden ,
COTTAGE GARDEN ,
Crevice Garden ,
CUT FLOWERS ,
Desert Garden ,
EDGE OF BORDER ,
Edibles in Containers ,
Finely Cut Leaves ,
FRAGRANT FLOWERS ,
Front of Border ,
Hanging Basket ,
Hedge ,
Large Leaves ,
Non-Green Foliage 1 ,
Non-Green Foliage 2 ,
Other Garden ,
Pollution Barrier 1, 2 ,
Raised Bed ,
Rest of Border ,
Rock Garden ,
Scree Bed ,
Specimen Plant ,
Sword-shaped Leaves ,
Thorny Hedge ,
Trees for Lawns ,
Trees for Small Garden ,
Wildflower ,
Windbreak ,
Woodland .

Lists from
Alpines without a Garden as
detailed for their uses in the
white background of of the previous table on the left

Lists from
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown.
She is writing about perennials in America as detailed for their uses in the
yellow background of the previous table on the left

Table 6
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

followed by continuing to insert all the plants with flowers from Camera Photo Galleries as indicated by
"Plant with Photo Index" from
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187 A 1, 2, Index
into the Colour Wheel comparison pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in Blue
having started in January 2023.
Menu in Table 6 in the previous column

I will continue to insert all the plants planted in chalk as indicated by
"from Chalk Garden" from
GARDEN CONSTRUCTION Index using
'A Chalk Garden' by F C Stern. Published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd in 1960
into the Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in black.

The following plants shall be added to the Flower Shape pages of this gallery
from

Aquatic (Aquatic Index with Aquatic plant use),
Bamboo (Bamboo Index with bamboo use),
Bedding (Bedding Plant Index with their flower shape and bedding uses, RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index ,
RHS Mixed Border Un-labelled Bedding Plant Index, a different RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index,
Bedding Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left,
and Table 9 in the next table on the right),
Bulb (Bulb Index is above. Bulb use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left),
Butterfly (UK Butterfly - Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Plant Usage by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.),
Climber (see Table 8 in next table on the right),
Conifer (Conifer Tree Index with Conifer Use),
Deciduous Shrub (Deciduous Shrub with Deciduous Shrub Use),
Deciduous Tree (Deciduous Tree with Deciduous Tree Use),
Evergreen Perennial (Evergreen Perennial Index is above),
Evergreen Shrub (Evergreen Shrub Index with Evergreen Shrub Use),
Evergreen Tree (Evergreen Tree Index with Evergreen Tree Use),
Fern (Fern Index with Fern Use),
Grass (Grass Index with Lawn Grass),
Hedging (Hedging Index and Hedge Uses),
Herbaceous Perennial (Herbaceous Perennial Index is above),
Herb (Herb Index),
Odds and Sods (Alpine, Cut Flowers and Succulent Plants Index),
Rhododendron (Azalea, Camellia and Rhododendron Index),
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers (Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, NO, PQ, R, S, T, UVWXYZ
Rock Plant Photos ),
Rose (Rose Use, Rose Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left. Rose, RHS Wisley and
Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page, Photo Index R 1, 2, 3),
Soft Fruit (Soft Fruit Index with what each trained form is used for, and extra details in Soft Fruit Plant List),
Top Fruit (Apple Index, Cherry Index, Pear Index with what each trained form is used for, and
extra details in Top Fruit Plant List),
Vegetable (Vegetable Index) and
Wildflower (Wildflower Botanical Name Index and Wildflower Common Name Index are above and Wildflower Garden Use).

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,

after the entries have been completed in the Landscaping List Pages.

Add these plants from PLANTS topic from the soil it prefers:-
Information for its Plants - Any Soil
Any Soil A-F
Any Soil G-L
Any Soil M-R
Any Soil S-Z
Information for its Plants - Chalky Soil
Chalky Soil A-F 1
Chalky Soil A-F 2
Chalky Soil A-F 3
Chalky Soil G-L
Chalky Soil M-R
Chalky Soil Roses
Chalky Soil S-Z
Chalky Soil Other
Information for its Plants - Clay Soil
Clay Soil A-F
Clay Soil G-L
Clay Soil M-R
Clay Soil S-Z
Clay Soil Other
Information for its Plants - Lime-Free (Acid) Soil
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 1
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 2
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 3
Lime-Free (Acid) G-L
Lime-Free (Acid) M-R
Lime-Free (Acid) S-Z
Information for its Plants - Sandy Soil
Sandy Soil A-F 1
Sandy Soil A-F 2
Sandy Soil A-F 3
Sandy Soil G-L
Sandy Soil M-R
Sandy Soil S-Z
Information for its Plants - Peaty Soils
Peaty Soil A-F
Peaty Soil G-L
Peaty Soil M-R
Peaty Soil S-Z

Poisonous Plants
Rose Rose Use

FINALLY
I am inserting these from February 2023, I will continue to insert all the plants
from the following book on planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. She is writing about perennials for use in America.
into the Landscaping List Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and
into the Flower Colour per Month Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in royal blue.
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0.

The above will take time!!!

The following design concepts from my anaylsis of the Royal Horticultural Garden at Wisley may be useful to you together with the rest of the data on that page concerning that part of the East or West Border of the MIXED BORDERS:-
Garden Design Comments on RHS Garden at Wisley in the 71 pages of the EAST and WEST Borders in the MIXED BORDERS Flower Colours in each of the 71 Parts of the Mixed Borders - with area indicating that the respective colour has not been used in this part . More (See un-labelled bedding) than 102 plants (This is 29%, which is almost a third) were missing their identity when in flower in 2013 out of 348 in 768 square metres of Mixed Borders garden beds - These herbaceous borders are 6 metres (20 feet) deep and 128 metres (427 feet) long.
Part Number of East and West Mixed Borders Each page provides details and photos of every plant used in that part	Unu-sual Col-our	Number of either invisible or missing identity when in Flower			Each page may also detail a Design Concept
		Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial	Other Perm-anent Plants	Bed-ding
		49 mis-sing out of 176	19 mis-sing out of 73	34 mis-sing out of 99
East 1					Formal style required in moving people from Entrance to outlying areas
East 2		1			Position plants with tiny flowers close to the lawn or path Provide plant support structures
East 3		3			Make plant labels visible to aid plant sales and No plant labels on Pansy / Viola Display
East 4		5			Create History of each garden bed, so that planting errors can be corrected
East 5		4	1	1	Use a system to select your plants from their flower colour
East 6		2	1	1	Use the colours of the buds, flowers and seedheads with different foliage colours in Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn of each heather for your groundcover and background
East 7		5	1		Use number of flower petals, Flower Shape and Flower Natural Arrangement to choose from 25 Bedding Plants and 74 Bedding Plants from the Mixed Borders in the RHS garden at Wisley, 94 Evergreen Perennials and 91 Herbaceous Perennials
East 8		6			Use turf protected paths instead of slabbed paths for small gardens
East 9		2			Make your flowers all the same colour like White to harmonise as your flower colour in the simplest flower colour scheme
East 10		1			Bulbs can provide flowers from January through to May in the bare ground round the permanent shrubs and perennials
East 11		1			Replace bedding and perennials with wildflower lawn edged with normal lawn to reduce gardening time to 1 hour a week
East 12		1			With limited garden space, put a wildflower lawn on the roof of your shed / garage / leanto or concreted area on ground to provide flowers
East 13		1		1	Create fun version of Snakes and Ladders game using clock flowers
East 14		2		1	Further reasons to create garden bed Histories
East 15		1	1		Create track and use the Square Foot Gardening system for:- wheelchair-bound disabled to use for radio-controlled models on the ground-level of the garden wheelchair-bound children/adults to maintain and replant the raised beds, whilst sitting with their knees under each raised bed school pupils to learn to grow plants wheelchair supported children/adults recovering in hospital, rest or care home to go outside, view them and/or maintain those beds themselves transport the raised bed into the patient's room, so that the patient can admire close-up what they normally see outside from their bed; and then for them to maintain or simply view for a while before that raised bed is returned outside that same day infirm children, adults or pensioners to maintain and replant the raised beds, when they do not need to kneel down, bend their knees or reach above their shoulders
East 16		1	2		Climber not seen due to plants in front growing higher than it.
East 17		3	2		Create game using Slider Signs that alternate turning left or turning right at each Path Row Junction for you to pick your fruit, flowers, grasses or vegetables.
East 18		2	1		Turf protection from wear by people walking or standing on it
East 19			2		Balance Income with Expenditure in Garden
East 20		2	2		Safety - If a visitor reports a safety concern, then do not ignore it
East 21		3	2
East 22		2	1	1
East 23		1	1	1
East 24			2
East 25		1	3		Hide unwanted views of buildings or other areas of garden
East 26		1	2
East 27		1	1
East 28		2
East 29		3	1
East 30		1	2
East 31		3	2
East 32		4
East 33		3	1		Select tender plants and then provide Plant Protection from Frost
East 34		2	2		Control human movement through areas
Part Number	Unu-sual Col-our	Either invisible or missing identity when in Flower			Unlabelled Bedding plants Plant Labelling - A suggestion for plant labelling to help visitors Further Plant Label and Path Foundation Comments WISLEY WISLEY Rose Classification System
Part Number	Unu-sual Col-our	Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial	Other Perm-anent Plants	Bed-ding
West 35			3
West 36			4
West 37		1	3
West 38		3	1
West 39		5
West 40		5
West 41		3
West 42		2
West 43		2	1
West 44		1	1
West 45		1	1
West 46		2	1		Build soil fertility and structure with legumes and mulches
West 47		1	1
West 48		1
West 49		2
West 50		3	1
West 51		2	2
West 52			1		Split garden area into separate shapes even when a public path goes through the garden
West 53		1			Use Companion planting with Green Manure to deter Pests / Diseases and Another Climber not seen due to plants in front growing higher than it.
West 54		1			Use long-flowering Speciman Roses as a backdrop
West 55
West 56
West 57		2	2
West 58		2	2
West 59		2		1
West 60		1		1
West 61			2
West 62			2
West 63		2			Reduce time for garden maintenance by avoiding mixing plants together
West 64		2	1
West 65		1	2
West 66		4
West 67		3	1
West 68		2	2
West 69		1	2
West 70			1
West 71			1		Provide irrigation facilities to water plants and clean paths
Part Number	Unu-sual Col-our	Either invisible or missing identity when in Flower			Confidential email replies from the Royal Horticultural Society to emails from Chris Garnons-Williams with their following instructions for everybody else:- The contents of this email and any files transmitted with it are confidential, proprietary and may be legally privileged. They are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify the sender. If you are not the intended recipient you may not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email. The sender is not responsible for any changes made to any part of this email after transmission. Any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Society.
Part Number	Unu-sual Col-our	Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial	Other Perm-anent Plants	Bed-ding

Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Wildflower 17 Flower Colours per Month

Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages
are compared in all the relevant month(s) of when that Wildflower flowers -
in the Wildflower Flower Colour
of that row

CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

1
Blue

Blue
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Food for Butterfly/Moth..
Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone Page 1, Page 2 .
Flowering plants of Acid Soil Page 1 .
SEED COLOUR
Seed 1 ,
Seed 2 .
Use of Plant with Flowers .
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root .
Story of their Common Names.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants .

1
Brown

Brown
Botanical Names .

1
Cream

Cream
Common Names .
Coastal and Dunes .
Sandy Shores and Dunes .

1
Green

Green
Broad-leaved Woods .

1
Mauve

Mauve
Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.

1
Multi-Col-oured

Multi-Cols
Heaths and Moors .

1
Orange

Orange
Hedgerows and Verges .

1
Pink

Pink A-G
Lakes, Canals and Rivers .

Pink H-Z
Marshes, Fens, Bogs .

1
Purple

Purple
Old Buildings and Walls .

1
Red

Red
Pinewoods .

1
White

White A-D
Saltmarshes .
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops .

White E-P
Other .

White Q-Z
Number of Petals .

1 Yellow

Yellow A-G
Pollinator .

Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts .

1
Shrub/ Tree

Shrub/Tree
River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins .

1
Fruit or Seed

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

1
Non-Flower Plants

Use for
Non-Flowering Plants

1
Chalk and Lime-stone

Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone
Page 1
Page 2

1
Acid Soil

Flowering plants of
Acid Soil
Page 1

"SEASONS AND MONTHS

SPRING
Early: March
Mid: April
Late: May

SUMMER
Early: June
Mid: July
Late: August

AUTUMN
Early: September
Mid: October
Late: November

WINTER
Early: December
Mid: January
Late: February

" from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4).

B & T World Seeds Paguignan, 34210 Aigues Vives, France can supply seeds world-wide from over 35,000 different plants.

John Chambers Wildflower Seed supplies native British produced wildflower seed from its John Chambers Wildflowers Brochure and its Green-tech Specifier Wildflowers Seeds with delivery to England, Scotland and Wales.

American Meadows Quick Guide to Wildflowers contains complete planting instructions, how much seed you need, and wildflower searches by color, height, moisture and light requirements with delivery of live plants, bulbs and seeds to USA only, but only its seeds to Canada.

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU
Site Map of pages with content (o)
and
The way the Botanical name is built up is based on Latin grammar rules.
Each plant family name (eg. 'Cordyline') is a noun and has a gender (i.e. is male or female).
Species within each family are adjectives ('australis', 'indivisa', etc.).
The descriptive clues in botanical names are rewarding if you translate or understand the terms themselves. Like
. macrantha having large flowers

Introduction

WILD FLOWER GALLERY
PAGE MENU
Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

Poisonous Plants

INDEX LINK TO WILDFLOWER PLANT DESCRIPTION PAGE
a-h
i-p
q-z

FLOWER COLOUR
(o)Blue
(o)Brown
(o)Cream
(o)Green
(o)Mauve
(o)Multi-Coloured
Orange
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
(o)Purple
(o)Red
(o)White1
(o)White2
(o)White3
(o)Yelow1
(o)Yelow2
(o)Shrub or Small Tree

SEED COLOUR
(o)Seed 1
(o)Seed 2

BED PICTURES
(o)Bed

HABITAT TABLES
Flowers in
Acid Soil
Flowers in
Chalk Soil
Flowers in
Marine Soil
Flowers in
Neutral Soil
Ferns
Grasses
Rushes
Sedges

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 1

(o)Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
(o)Arrow-Grass
(o)Arum
(o)Balsam
Bamboo
(o)Barberry
(o)Bedstraw
(o)Beech
(o)Bellflower
(o)Bindweed
(o)Birch
(o)Birds-Nest
(o)Birthwort
(o)Bogbean
(o)Bog Myrtle
(o)Borage
(o)Box
(o)Broomrape
(o)Buckthorn
(o)Buddleia
(o)Bur-reed
(o)Buttercup
(o)Butterwort
(o)Cornel (Dogwood)
(o)Crowberry
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
(o)Daffodil
(o)Daisy
(o)Daisy Cudweeds
(o)Daisy Chamomiles
(o)Daisy Thistle
(o)Daisy Catsears (o)Daisy Hawkweeds
(o)Daisy Hawksbeards
(o)Daphne
(o)Diapensia
(o)Dock Bistorts
(o)Dock Sorrels

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 2

(o)Clubmoss
(o)Duckweed
(o)Eel-Grass
(o)Elm
(o)Filmy Fern
(o)Horsetail
(o)Polypody
Quillwort
(o)Royal Fern
(o)Figwort - Mulleins
(o)Figwort - Speedwells
(o)Flax
(o)Flowering-Rush
(o)Frog-bit
(o)Fumitory
(o)Gentian
(o)Geranium
(o)Glassworts
(o)Gooseberry
(o)Goosefoot
(o)Grass 1
(o)Grass 2
(o)Grass 3
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 1
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 2
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 3 (o)Hazel
(o)Heath
(o)Hemp
(o)Herb-Paris
(o)Holly
(o)Honeysuckle
(o)Horned-Pondweed
(o)Hornwort
(o)Iris
(o)Ivy
(o)Jacobs Ladder
(o)Lily
(o)Lily Garlic
(o)Lime
(o)Lobelia
(o)Loosestrife
(o)Mallow
(o)Maple
(o)Mares-tail
(o)Marsh Pennywort
(o)Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 3

(o)Mesem-bryanthemum
(o)Mignonette
(o)Milkwort
(o)Mistletoe
(o)Moschatel
Naiad
(o)Nettle
(o)Nightshade
(o)Oleaster
(o)Olive
(o)Orchid 1
(o)Orchid 2
(o)Orchid 3
(o)Orchid 4
(o)Parnassus-Grass
(o)Peaflower
(o)Peaflower Clover 1
(o)Peaflower Clover 2
(o)Peaflower Clover 3
(o)Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
(o)Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
Pipewort
(o)Pitcher-Plant
(o)Plantain
(o)Pondweed
(o)Poppy
(o)Primrose
(o)Purslane
Rannock Rush
(o)Reedmace
(o)Rockrose
(o)Rose 1
(o)Rose 2
(o)Rose 3
(o)Rose 4
(o)Rush
(o)Rush Woodrushes
(o)Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
(o)Sandalwood
(o)Saxifrage

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 4

Seaheath
(o)Sea Lavender
(o)Sedge Rush-like
(o)Sedges Carex 1
(o)Sedges Carex 2
(o)Sedges Carex 3
(o)Sedges Carex 4
(o)Spindle-Tree
(o)Spurge
(o)Stonecrop
(o)Sundew
(o)Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
(o)Teasel
(o)Thyme 1
(o)Thyme 2
(o)Umbellifer 1
(o)Umbellifer 2
(o)Valerian
(o)Verbena
(o)Violet
(o)Water Fern
(o)Waterlily
(o)Water Milfoil
(o)Water Plantain
(o)Water Starwort
Waterwort
(o)Willow
(o)Willow-Herb
(o)Wintergreen
(o)Wood-Sorrel
(o)Yam
(o)Yew

The following 3 rows link to pages comparing plant use

The following in this row is from
Row 7 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process.
Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.

Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks

Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

The following is from Row 2 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
with Plant Botanical Index
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z
for all plants detailed in this website.

Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Bulb houseplants flowering inside House during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers

The following is from Row 2 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Fern
...Cold-hardy
...From Lime-hating Soil
...From Limestone Soil
...Hanging Basket
...Indoor Decoration
...Outdoor Pot
...Terrariums
...Wet Soils
...Ground Cover
...Pendulous Fronds

The following is from Row 4 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen.
Cultivation Requirements of Plant:-
Outdoor /Garden Cultivation,

Indoor / House Cultivation,

Cool Greenhouse Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter,

Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year, and

Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants

The following is from Row 5 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process
Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index
......Single Flowers provide honeybees with pollen

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links above, this one and below and in next row.
All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212) .
All Flowers
per Month 12 .

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index .

The following is from Row 6 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
Plant Colour Wheel Uses

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage

Uses of Rose
Rose Index

The following is from Row 7 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-
with
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43

and

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial Gallery, which also contains:-
Tables of Annuals:-
2, Blue to Purple Flowers
31, To Cover Fences
Annuals from the Infill Galleries:-
...Cut Flowers 1, 2
...Bee Pollinated
...as Houseplants
with
Bedding Gallery
and
Bedding from the Infill Galleries:-
...for Spring
...for Summer
......Coloured Fol

The following is from Row 8 of the TOPIC TABLE
Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

When you have chosen a plant, remember to use
Companion Planting
A ,B ,C ,D ,E ,
F ,G ,H ,I ,J ,K ,
L ,M ,N ,O ,P ,Q ,
R ,S ,T ,U ,V ,W ,
X, Y, Z to aid it or prevent problems for it

Remember especially not to replace a plant from the following
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4

immediately with the same specie or another from the same family, because of Specific Replant Disease. See article in Recommended Rose Pruning Methods.

To be on the safe side, do not replant the same specie in the same place, which is why we have a 4-year Vegetable rotation pattern.

From Annuals and Biennials chapter in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:- "I think there is a case to be considered for annuals and biennials in ground-cover schemes so long as they will sow themselves freely. These suggestions may be useful for large areas outside our gardens where a 'show' for a summer or two is needed, while shrubs and perennial ground-covers are being increased for later permanent planting. They are easy to control if one studies the life-cycle with a view to allowing seed to develop if required or to remove it before it is shed.
Use	Plant	Comments
Lawn and ground-cover under conifer trees	Poa annua	The needles under a cedar tree were weekly swept away and the grass, despite fertilizers, top dressing, re-seading and re-turfing, simply would not grow. The needles were left alone and within 12 months the area became self-sown with a close and permanent sward of Poa nnua. This little grass regenerates itself constantly so that it makes a lawn, though each plant has only a short life.
	Oxalis rosea	This is highly successful in the shade of conifers or any other tree
	Cyclamen hederifolium	This is a perennial, though sowing itself freely when suited and it is here because plants to grow under cedars and yews, somewhat away from the trunks, are very few.
Temporary ground-cover under trees	Tropaeolum or Eschscholtzia	A sheet of 'Gleam' nasturtiums or eschscholtzia; both are free-flowering and easily pulled up, though like all annuals it may be a year or two later before all dispersed seeds have germinated. Silene armeria and Iberis amara are equally successful, with Sett Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) creating a dwarf ground-cover carpet in late summer.
Ground-cover under trees with high rainfall	Claytonia sibirica (Montia sibirica)	This grows under trees where the grass is thin at high altitude and high rainfall. It covers the area - interpersed with primroses and Oxalia acetosella - with a mass of pinky-white stars a few inches (cms) above the ground. Claytonia perfoliata is an annual; it is usually classed as a weed but is excellent cover in cool, acid soil, but far less conspicuous in flower
Streamsides, river banks and fringes of boggy ground	Impatiens glandulifera (Impatiens roylei, Annual Balsam)	It is a rapid colonizer because its seeds are ejected with some force from the ripe pods. It seeds with great abandon and grows to 72 (180) or more; its many pink flowers make a great show.
Full sun and drier soils than by streamsides	Angelica archangelica	It very quickly produces great green heads in spring, ripening quickly, with the result that the ground is thickly covered with seedlings in late summer. Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) will colonize any sunny waste place and produce yellow blooms for weeks in the summer Lychnis coronaria is a prolific seeder with rosettes of silvery basal leaves. Erysimum linifolium (Wallflower) produces lilac flowers
Plants that seed about with abandon		Phytolacca american Poke Weed) has great spikes of shing black seeds Geranium pratense, a soft blue flower, 36 (90) high, with a basal clump of divided leaves Myrrhis odorata (Sweet Cicely), old garden herb Borago laxiflora with pale blue flowers on neutral, well-drained soil, Lupinus hartwegii and Lupinus polyphyllus, with Lupinus arboreus (Tree Lupin) are useful temporary ground-cover of Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus, which are used agriculturally to enrich the land as a 'green manure'. Verbascum nigrum, produces yellow or white 36 (90) high spikes in summer and it makes good basal rosetttes while it sows itself freely. Foxgloves (Digitalis) and honesty (Lumaria) seed themselves freely and in a way will act as a ground-cover on account of their large basal leaves.

From Appendix II Lists of plants for special conditions in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:-
Plant	Plant	Plant
1. Plants requiring lime-free soils On limy soils it is wiser not to attempt to grow the genera in this list. They are mainly woodland plants and thrive best in soil in which humus has been mixed. Species of Ceanothus, Berberis, Chaenomeles, Cytisus, Iris, Lupinus, Pimelia and Myosotideum are not so dependent on humus so long as the soil is acid or neutral.
Arctostaphylos. Azalea - this is poisonous to bees and its honey to humans. Berberis thunbergii and varieties. Blechnum. Boykinia. Bruckenthalia. Calluna. Camelia. Carex pendula. Cassiope. Chaenomeles. Claytonia sibirica. Clethra. Comptonia. Cornus canadensis. Cyathodes. Cytisus scoparius prostratus (Sarothamnus). Daboecia. Dicentra. Empetrum. Epigaea.	Erica. Galax. Gaultheria. Gaylussacia. Houstonia. Hydrangea macrophylla. Iris douglasiana. Iris innominata. Leiophyllum. Leucothoe. Linnaea. Lithospermum diffusum. Lupinus. Luzula. Meconopsis. Mitchella. Myosotideum. Ourisia. Pachysandra. Paxistima. Pernettya.	Philesia. Pieris. Pimelia. Pyrola. Rhododendron - this is poisonous to bees and its honey to humans. Sarothamnus, see Cytisus. Schizocodon. Shortia. Skimmia. Smilacina. Soldanella. Tanakaea. Vaccinium. Woodwardia.
2. Plants which will thrive in limy soils While it may be taken that any genus not mentioned in 1 will tolerate lime, many, such as Rosa, prefer the soil to be neutral. The following will thrive in soil that is actively limy, even over chalk, though they will grow equally well without lime.
Acaena. Acanthus. Achillea. Adiantum. Ajuga. Alchemilla. Alyssum saxatile. Anaphalis. Anchusa. Anemone. Antennaria. Arabis. Armeria. Asplenium. Athyrium. Aubretia. Aucuba. Ballota. Berberis (except Berberis thunbergii and varieties). Bergenia. Brunnera macrophylla. Caltha. Campanula. Cardamine. Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Choisya. Cistus. Clematis. Convallaria. Convolvulus. Cornus alba. Cotoneaster.	Cotula. Crambe. Crataegus. Cyclamen. Daphne. Dianthus. Dryas. Dryopteris. Epimedium. Erigeron. Erodium. Euonymus fortunei. Euphorbia. Festuca. Forsythia. Fuchsia. Genista hispanica. Geranium. Gymnocarpium. Gypsophila. Halimum. Hebe. Hedera. Helianthemum. Helleborus. Hemerocallis. Houttuynia. Hydrangea villosa. Hypericum. Hyssopus. Iris foetidissima. Jasminum. Juniperus. Lamium. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Liriope. Lonicera. Mahonia. Nepeta. Osmanthus. Othonnopsis.	Paeonia. Peltiphyllum (Darmera). Phlomis. Phlox. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Potentilla. Primula. Prunus. Pulmonaria. Pulsatilla. Pyracantha. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Ribes. Rodgersia. Rosmarinus. Rubus. Salvia. Sambucus. Santolina. Sarcooca. Scabiosa. Sedum. Senecio. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Stachys. Symphoricarpos. Symphytum. Taxus. Tellima. Teucrium. Thymus. Vancouveria. Viburnum. Vinca. Viola. Waldsteinia. Zauschneria.
3. Plants which tolerate clay. Few plants establish quickly on very heavy soils over clay, though many of the following will luxuiriate in maturity, provided the area is reasonably well-drained.
Acanthus. Aesculus. Ajuga. Alchemilla. Anemone x hybrida. Anemone tomentosa. Aruncus. Asarum. Astilboides. Aucuba. Berberis. Bergenia. Brunnera. Caltha. Chaenomeles. Clematis. Convallaria. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Cotoneaster. Crataegus. Daphne. Epimedium.	Euonymus fortunei. Forsythia. Geranium. Hedera. Helleborus. Hemerocallis. Hosta. Lamium. Lonicera. Mahonia. Malus. Peltiphyllum. Petasites. Phillyrea. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Prunella. Prunus. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Ribes.	Rodgersia. Rosa. Rubus. Salix. Sambucus. Sarcocca. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Symphoricarpus. Symphytum. Telekia. Tellima. Trachystemon. Vancouveria. Viburnum. Vinca. Waldsteinia.
4. Plants which will grow satisfactorily in dry, shady places. Apart from ill-drained clay, this combination of conditions is the most difficult to cope with in the garden. * indicates those which will not tolerate lime.
Alchemilla conjuncta. Arctostaphylos. Arundinaria. Asperula. Asplenium. Aster macrophyllus. Aucuba. Blechnum spicant. Camellia. Carex. *Cornus canadensis. Cyclamen. Dryopteris filix-mas. Duchesnea. Epimedium. Euphorbia robbiae. Fatshedera.	Fragaria. Gaultheria shallon. Geranium nodosum. Hedera. Hypericum. androsaemum. Iris foetidissima. Linnaea. Lonicera nitida. Lonicera pileata. Lunaria. Mahonia. Myrrhis. Pachyphragma. *Pachysandra. Phyllostachys. Polypodium. Prunus laurocerausus varieties.	Reynoutria. Ribes. Rubus. Sarcocca. Skimmia. Thalictrum. Trachystemon. *Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Vancouveria. Vinca minor. Walsteinia. Xanthorhiza.
5. Plants which thrive on moist soils. Genera marked * are suitable for boggy positions.
Ajuga. Aruncus. Astilbe. Astilboides. Athyrium. Blechnum chilense. Caltha. Clethra (no lime). Cornus alba.	Cornus stolonifera. Filipendula palmata. Filipendula purpurea. Gunnera. Heracleum. Houttuynia. Ligularia. Lysichitum. Matteuccia.	Onoclea. Osmunda. Peltiphyllum (Darmera). Petasites japonicus. Primula florindae. Primula various. Ranunculus. Rheum. Rodgersia. *Trollius
6. Plants which grow well in shady positions. The bulk of these are woodland plants, growing well under shrubs and trees, but those marked * are not so satisfactory under trees, though thriving in the shade given by buildings. For those requiring lime-free soil, compare with List 1.
Adiantum. Aegopodium. Anemone. Arabis. Arundinaria. Asarum. Asperula. Asplenium. Athyrium. Aucuba. Berberis. *Bergenia. Blechnum. Boykinia. Brunnera. Camellia. Cardamine.	Carex. Cassiope. Chiastophyllum. Choisya. Claytonia. Comptonia. Convallaria. Cornus canadensis. Cortusa. Corydalis. Cotoneaster. Cyathodes. Cyclamen. Cystopteris. Dicentra. Dryopteris. Duchesnia.	Epigaea. Epimedium. Euonymus. Euphorbia robbiae. Fragaria. Fuchsia. Galax. Gaultheria. Gaylussacia. Geranium, most. Gymnocarpium. Hebe. Hedera. Helleborus.
Helxine. X Heucherella. Hosta. Houstonia. Hydrangea. Hypericum androsaemum. Hypericum calycinum. Iberis sempervirens. Iris foetidissima. Jasminum nudiflorum. Jasminum others. Juniperus x media. Lamium. Leucothoe. Linnaea. Lomaria. Lonicera pileata. Lunaria. Luzula. Lysimachia. Mahonia. Maianthemum. Matteuccia. Meconopsis. Milium. Mitchella. Myrrhis. Omphalodes.	Onoclea. Ourisia. Oxalis. Pachyphragma. Pachysandra. Paxistima. Patrinia. Petasites. Philesia. Phyllostachys. Pieris. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Polypodium. Polystichum. Prunus laurocerasus. Pseudosasa. Pulmonaria. Pyrola. Rhododendron, larger-leaved kinds, it is toxic to bees and the honey from it is toxic to humans. Ribes. Rubus. Sarcocca. Saxifraga. Schizocodon. Selaginella.	Shortia. Skimmia. Smilacina. Soldanella. Symphytum. Tanakea. Tellima. Thalictrum minus. Tiarella. Tolmeia. Trachystemon. Vaccinium macrocarpum. Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Vancouveria. Viburnum davidii. Vinca. Viola. Waldsteinia. Woodwardia.
7. Plants which will thrive in hot, sunny places on dry soils. Those marked * require lime-free soil.
Acaena. Acantholimon. Acanthus. Achillea. Alyssum. Ampelopsis. Antennaria. Anthemis. Arabis. Arctostaphylos. Armeria. Artemisia. Aubretia. Ballota. Bolax. Bupleurum. Calamintha. Campanula alliariifolia. Campsis. Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Chaenomeles. Choisya. Cissus. Cistus. Clematis flammula. Clematis x jouiniana. Convolvulus. Coronilla. Cotula. Crambe. *Cytisus. Dianthus	Dimorphotheca. Elaeagnus. Elymus. Ephedra. Erigeron glaucus. Erodium. Erysimum. Eschscholtzia. Fascicularia. Festuca. Filipendula hexapetala. Genista. Geranium x magnificum. Geranium renardii. Gypsophila. Halimocistus. Halimium. Hebe. Helianthemum. Hypericum calycinum. Hypericum rhodopeum. Hyssopus. Iberis amara. Iberis sempervirens. Iris graminea. *Iris innominata. Iris japonica. Iris ruthenica. Jasminum parkeri. Juniperus. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Leptospermum. Limonium. Lupinus arboreus.	Lychnis coronaria. Moltkia. Muehlenbeckia. Nepeta. Oenothera biennis. Ophiopogon. Osteospermum, (see Dimporphotheca). Othonnopsis. Oxalis rubra. Paronychia. Parthenocissus. Pennisetum. Pterocephalus. Ptilotrichum. Raoulia. Reynoutria. Romneya. Rosmarinus. Ruta. Salvia' Santolina. Saponaria. Satureia. Scabiosa graminifolia. Sedum. Senecio. Silene. Stachys olympica. Teucrium. Thymus. Trachystemon. *Vaccinium oxycoccus. Viola labradorica. Zauschneria.
8. Plants which thrive in maritime districts. Many of the following will stand wind and salt-spray, particularly those marked . Those marked * will provide shelter for others and shelter is highly important in seaside gardening. For genera requiring, lime-free soil, compare with List 1.
Acaena. Acantholimon. Achillea. Alchemilla. Alyssum. Antennaria. Anthemis. Arabis. Arctostaphylos. Armeria. *Artemisia. Arundinaria. Asperula. Asplenium. Athyrium.	Aubretia. Aucuba. Berberis. Bergenia. Beschorneria. Betula. Blechnum. Bolax. Bruckenthalia. *Bupleurum. Calamintha. Calluna. Camellia. Campanula. Campsis.	Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Choisya. Cistus. Clematis. Convolvulus. Coprosma. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Coronilla. Cotoneaster. Crambe. *Crataegus. Cytisus. Daboecia. Dianthus. Dimorphotheca. Dryas. Dryopteris. Elaeagnus. Elymus. Ephedra. Erica. Erigeron glaucus. Eriogonum. Eryngium. Erysimum. Escallonia. Euonymus. Euphorbia. Fascicularia. Festuca. Filipendula hexapetala. Forsythia. *Fuchsia. Garrya.
Genista. Geranium. Gypsophila. Halimiocistus. Halimium. Hebe. Hedera. Helianthemum. Hemerocallis. Heuchera. Hydrangea. Hypericum. Hyssopus. Iberis. Ilex. Iris. Jasminum. Juniperus. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Leptospermum. Limonium. Liriope. Lonicera. Lupinus arboreus. Mahonia. Myosotideum. Osteospermum, (see Dimorphotheca). Othonnopsis. Oxalis. Penstemon. Petasites fragrans. Phlox. Phyllostachys. Polygonum. Polypodium. Polystichum. Potentilla.	Pulsatilla. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Romneya. Rosa. Rosmarinus. Rubus. Ruta. *Salix. Salvia. Santolina. Satureia. Saxifraga.	Sedum. *Senecio. Silene. Skimmia. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Stachys. Symphoricarpus. Teucrium. Thymus. Vaccinium. Vinca. Waldsteinia.
9. Plants which create barriers. The following by their dense or prickly character will deter small animals and human beings as well as weeds.
Arundinaria anceps. Berberis. Chaenomeles. Clematis montana. Clethra. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Cotoneaster conspicuus. Cotoneaster conspicuus 'Decorus'. Crataegus. Forsythia suspensa sieboldii. Gaultheria shallon. Juniperus x media. Lonicera nitida.	Mahonia japonica. Pernettya. Pyrus. Rosa 'Macrantha'. Rosa 'Max Graf'. Rosa x paulii. Rosa x polliniana. Rosa 'Raubritter'. Rosa rugosa. Rosa virginiana. Rosa woodsii fendleri. Spiraea douglasii. Spiraea menziesii.
10. Plants for town gardens. Genera marked * prefer acid soil; those marked £ will thrive in impoverished soils. Soil in towns is usually deficient in humus.
£Acanthus. £Alchemilla. Anemone. £Asperula odorata. £Aucuba. £Bergenia. Campanula. Clematis montana. Corydalis. *Dicentra. £Epimedium.	Euonymus. £Fatshedera. £Ferns. £Geranium. £Hebe. £Hedera. *Hosta. Nepeta. Parthenocissus. Polygonatum. £Potentilla.	Ribes. Salix. Saxifraga, Robertsonia section. Spiraea. Tellima. £Vancouveria. £Vinca. Waldsteinia.
EXPLAINATION OF WHY SOIL IN UK TOWNS IS USUALLY DEFICIENT IN HUMUS. That is because when a flower bed is weeded, then the weeds are thrown away. This means that the minerals that weed used up from the soil are also thrown away, and the soil has not received any replacement. Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up. This material is called leaf litter. When animals die, their remains add to the litter. Over time, all this litter decomposes. This means it decays, or breaks down, into its most basic chemical elements. Many of these chemicals are important nutrients for the soil and organisms that depend on soil for life, such as plants. The thick brown or black substance that remains after most of the organic litter has decomposed is called humus. Earthworms often help mix humus with minerals in the soil. Humus contains many useful nutrients for healthy soil. One of the most important is nitrogen. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for most plants. Agriculture depends on nitrogen and other nutrients found in humus.When humus is in soil, the soil will crumble. Air and water move easily through the loose soil, and oxygen can reach the roots of plants. Humus can be produced naturally or through a process called composting. When people compost, they collect decaying organic material, such as food and garden scraps, that will be turned into soil. The humus provides the organic polymers to interact with the clay domains and bacterium to stick the 2 grains of sand together. This soil molecule of 2 grains of sand, organic polymers, clay domains and bacterium will disintegrate by the action of the bacterium or fungal enymatic catalysis on the organic polymers. So if a continuous supply of humus is not present, then the soil molecules will break up into sand and clay. Because the idiots in the UK do not know about this, this is why they weed a bed, throw away the weed, not provide anything in return and expect the soil to take care of itself. When you go to view gardens open to the public how many times can you see bare earth between plants in a flower bed? There needs to be either a green manure or an organic mulch between the plants, so that leaf litter etc can decompose and become humus to provide the minerals and humus for the plants. That is what you see when you visit a forest where the fallen leaves, branches, animals and birds are left to their own devices, except when a newly qualified university student came to look after a local authority controlled wooded park, when she got the local population to help her and her staff to remove all the undergrowth, leaving bare earth!
Cultural Needs of Plants from Chapter 4 in Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. "Understanding Fern Needs Ferns have the same basic growing requirements as other plants and will thrive when these are met. There is nothing mysterious about the requirements - they are not something known only to people with green thumbs - but the best gardeners are those who understand plant requirements and are careful about satisfying them. What, then, does a fern need? Water - All plants need water. Water in the soil prevents roots from drying, and all mineral nutrients taken up by the roots must be dissolved in the soil water. Besides water in the soil, most plants need water in the air. Adequate humidity keeps the plant from drying out. Leaves need water for photosynthesis and to keep from wilting. Light - All green plants need light to manufacture food (sugars) by photosynthesis. Some plants need more light than others, and some can flourish in sun or shade. Most ferns, however, prefer some amount of shade. Photosynthesis - For photosynthesis, plants require carbon dioxide, a gas that is exhaled by animals as waste. Carbon dioxide diffuses into plants through tiny pores, called stomata, that abound on the lower surface of the leaves. In the leaf, carbon dioxide is combined with the hydrogen from water to form carbohydrates, the plant's food. This process takes place only in the presence of light and chlorophyll, a green pigment found in plant cells. To enhance growth, some commercial growers increase the carbon dioxide level in their greenhouses to 600ppm (parts per million), or twice the amount typically found in the air. Oxygen - Plants need oxygen. The green plants of a plant do not require much oxygen from the air because plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use. The excess oxygen liberated from the plants is used by all animals, including humans. What do plants do with oxygen? They use it just as we do, to release the energy stored in food. We use energy to move about, to talk, to grow, to think - in fact, for all our life processes. Although plants don't talk or move much, they do grow and metabolize and must carry on all their life processes using oxygen to release the stored energy in their food. Air with roots - Roots need air all the time. They get it from the air spaces between the soil particles. Overwatering displaces the air between soil particles with water, thereby removing the oxygen needed by the roots. This reduces the root's ability to absorb mineral nutrients and can foster root-rot. These gases need free access to the roots:- Nitrogen Cycle - Nitrogen is the most commonly limiting nutrient in plants. Legumes use nitrogen fixing bacteria, specifically symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, within their root nodules to counter the limitation. Rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen which is then converted to ammonia. Ammonia is then assimilated into nucleotides, Amino Acids, vitamins and flavones which are essential to the growth of the plant. The plant root cells convert sugar into organic acids which then supply to the rhizobia in exchange, hence a symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and the legumes. Oxygen Cycle - No nutrient absorption occurs at the root zone unless oxygen is present. Carbon Dioxide - Plant roots uptake carbon dioxide to provide carbon for parts of the foliage. Minerals - Plants need minerals to grow properly. The minerals are mined from the soil by the plant's root system. If a certain mineral is missing, such as calcium needed for developing cell walls, then the plant will be stunted, discoloured, or deformed. Temperature - Some plants tolerate a wide range of temperatures, whereas others are fussy. If the temperature is too high or low, the machinery of the plant will not operate satisfactorily or will cease entirely. The basic needs of plants are not hard to supply, but growing success depends on attending to these needs with care and exactitude. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of these requirements, with the exception of mineral needs, which are discussed in Chapter 5." Only Earthworms provide the tunnels which transport water, gas and nutrients to and from roots. When the roots of the plant requires the mineral nutrients dissolved in soil water, oxygen and nitrogen intake and waste gases output, it gets it through the action of the earthworm continously making tunnels to provide the transport system. 6000 species of Earthworm have no special respiratory organs. Gases are exchanged through the moist skin and capillaries, where the oxygen is picked up by the hemoglobin dissolved in the blood plasma and carbon dioxide is released. Water, as well as salts, can also be moved through the skin by active transport. When the earthworms are denied access to the air above ground as in the case of pavements, driveways and patios; then they die and the system round them dies as well. Since the roots are not getting their requirements; then they also die off, and you are left with insufficient live root to support the tree or other plants.
11. Plants suitable for covering rose-beds. The following are all small plants that will not be strong-growing for the purpose, and will help to make the beds more attractive during the 7 months when Hybrid Teas and Floribundas are not in flower. Small spring-flowering bulbs can be grown through them. The more vigorous shrub roses will tolerate many others among the shorter growing plants in this 1000 ground cover table.
Acaena. Alyssum saxatile. Arabis. Aubretia. Campanula carpatica. Campanula portenschlagiana.	Cardamine trifolia. Corydalis lutea. Corydalis ochroleuca. Dianthus. Lysimachia nummularia. Phlox subulata.	Primula auricula. Primula vulgaris sibthorpii. Pulsatilla. Saponaria ocymoides. Saxifraga. Viola.

Ivydene Gardens Flower Shape and Use in Landscape for all Wildflower and Cultivated Plants in this Website Gallery

These 2 systems of comparison:-

The Evergreen Perennials have

Plant Description Pages
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their Plant Use compared in another Gallery

Every Plant detailed in this website has

Plant Description Pages or row in a table
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their plant Use compared in another Gallery

are detailed in the TABLE A on the right

PLANT USE AND FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES
compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website
- WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES BESIDES THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY -

combined with those already compared in
Bedding,
Bulb,
Evergreen Perennial,
Herbaceous Perennial and
Roses
pages as linked to in row

Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with

Tip Colour background as shown in the cell above.

Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials.

Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant.

Wildflowers with the same genus name as for the plant in these following lists with their Species will be added to these lists so that you can then use them with those cultivated perennials for the same purpose in your garden. Their botanical names will be in black.

Woodland Site

Shady Places
Site

Rock
Garden in Sun Site.
In Shade Site.

Planting on a Sloping Site

Early Spring Border Special Garden

Spring Epheme-rals Special Garden

Plans for Beds and Borders
Site

Summer Border Special Garden

Cottage Garden Special Garden

Beds
Site

Late Summer Border Special Garden

Autumn Border Special Garden

Borders Site

Shade Border and Woodland Garden Special Garden

Meadow Garden Special Garden

These pages in this section of Yellow Background are
List of Perennials by Landscaping Site - xxxx with Plant Type, Evergreen or Herbaceous or Deciduous, Sun Aspect and Listed Species from Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. Her ideas about Perennials (a plant that lasts for more than 2 growing seasons) include most of the other plant types except Annuals and Biennials for use in America.
Index:-
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J,
K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T,
U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Long Bloomers

Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden

White Flower Colour

Blue or Almost Blue Flower Colour

Lavender Flower Colour

Lavender, called Blue Flower Colour

Yellow Flower Colour

Orange Flower Colour

Pink Flower Colour

Red & Scarlet Flower Colour

Bedding Out and Bedding Out of Roses

Bedding for Filling In

Bedding for Screening

Maroon Flower Colour

Flowering Stem between 24-48 inches (60-120 cms)

Flowering Stem over 48 inches (120 cms)

Bloom by Season
Jan-Feb

Bloom by Season
Mar-Apr

Bloom by Season
May-Jun

Bloom by Season
Jul-Aug

Bloom by Season
Sep-Dec

Bedding for Pots and Troughs

Bedding in Window Boxes

Bedding in Hanging Baskets

Foliage Height
1-7 inches (2.5-17.5 cms)

Foliage Height
8-23 inches (20-57.5 cms)

Foliage Height
24- inches
(60 and over cms)

Bedding Foliage

Bedding:- Spring

Summer

Winter

Foliage Only

Other than Green Foliage

Foliage
Bold

Foliage Finely Cut, Delicate or Compound
+
Finely Cut

Foliage Aromatic

Perennials for Ground Covering in the Full Sun
+
1, 2

Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade

and 3

Long Lived

Trees in Lawn

Trees in Small Gardens

Wildflower Garden

Attract Bird
Attract Butterfly
1, 2

Climber on House Wall

Climber not on House Wall

Bulbs to Combine with Perennials including Corms

Grasses to Grow with Perennials

Subshrubs to Grow with Perennials

Annuals to Use with Perennials

Herbs for Decoration as well as Culinary

Annuals, Biennials and Perennials to grow Annually

Perennials which Self Sow

Climber in Tree

Rabbit-Resistant

Woodland

Pollution Barrier

Part Shade

Full Shade

Neat Growers - Good for Beds

Perennials which prefer Moisture

Perennials which do best on Margins of Water

Perennials which are Drought Tolerant

Perennials which tolerate Dense Shade

Perennials for Poor Soil, Full Sun

Tough Perennials (or easy Maint-enance)

Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3

Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm

Hedge

Wind-swept

Alpines without a Garden by Lawrence D. Hills. Published by Faber and Faber Limited in 1953 for cultivation of alpines in pans, troughs and window-boxes, particularly in towns, for gardeners who have only windw-sills or verandas, or flat roof spaces.

Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture.

Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus.

Covering Banks

Patio Pot

Edging Borders

Back of Border

Poisonous

Wildflower Form and

Evergreen Perennial Form

Wildflower Form and

Evergreen Perennial Form

Mat-
form

Mat-forming

Prostrate or Trail

Prostrate or Trailing.

Climb

Climbing

Cushion or Mound

Cushion or Mound-forming

Spread or Creep

Spreading or Creeping

Sword-shaped Leaves

Erect or Upright.

Adjacent to Water

Bog Garden

Tolerant of Poor Soil

Winter-Flowering

Fragrant

Wildflower Use and Evergreen Perennial Use

Other than Only Green Foliage +
1, 2

Bedding or Mass Planting

Ground-Cover

In Water

Coastal Conditions
+
Coastal

Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'

Indoor House-plant

Grow in an Alpine House

Grow in Hanging Basket +
Basket

Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves

Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal

Coastal Conditions

Attracts Butter-flies
+ Butterfly Usage
of Plants

Attracts Bees +
1, 2, 3
and Forage Calendar

Grow in Scree

Grow in a Patio Pot

Grow in an Alpine Trough +

Rock Plant

Edging Borders

Back of Border or Back-ground Plant

Tolerant on North-facing Wall

Cut Flower

Potted Veg Outdoors

Potted Veg Indoors

Into Native Plant Garden

Naturalize in Grass

Natural-ized Plant Area

Resistant to Wildlife

Thornless

Raised Bed Outdoors Veg

Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F,
G-L, M-R,
S-Z

Wildflower in Soil and Evergreen Perennial in Soil

Chalk +
A-F, A-F,
A-F, G-L,
M-R, S-Z

Clay +

A-F, G-L,
M-R, S-Z

Sand +
A-F, A-F,
A-F, G-L,
M-R, S-Z

Lime-Free (Acid) +
A-F, A-F,
A-F, G-L,
M-R, S-Z

Peat +

A-F, G-L,
M-R, S-Z

Any +

A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z

+ Evergreen Perennials in Pages in Plants

Potted Fruit Outdoors

Potted Fruit Indoors

Peony Use
of Peonies in

Growing Tree Peonies in Pots

Plants for Outdoor
Containers Index
A-C,
D-M,
N-Z

1/3 of the food we eat
is made possible by bees' pollination and
in its entire lifetime,
1 bee will produce approximately 1/12 of a teaspoon of honey.

Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are useful to honeybees,
but double flowered cultivars are no benefit at all.
Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:-
• Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom.
Wild roses and single-flowered garden roses
yield pollen for honeybees.
• Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows and are
of little benefit to honeybees.
• Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows and
no benefit to honeybees at all.
• Full: 26-40 petals in three or ore rows.
No benefit to honeybees
• Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows.
No benefit to honeybees.

Information about Bee Pollinated Plants is in the Site Map of Evergreen Perennial gallery:-
Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers per Month,
Index

This table provides the index for each month of each flower colour and
the flower colour wheel to compare those bee-pollinated plants:-

The 264 bee-pollinated plants in Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index are in addition to the bee-pollinated plants shown as thumbnails in the pages of this Gallery of 12 Flower Colours per month FROM the Circular Colour Wheel below. Enumber indicates Empty Index Page. Bottom row of Grey is Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour. Click on the OOO in the Index Table below to link to those bee-pollinated plants of that flower colour in that month.
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
OOO E1.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Blue	OOO	OOO E11.	OOO E12.
OOO E13.	OOO E14.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Mauve	OOO	OOO	OOO E24.
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Purple	OOO	OOO E35.	OOO E36.
OOO E37	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO E42	OOO	OOO	OOO Brown	OOO	OOO E47	OOO E48
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Cream	OOO E58	OOO E59	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Green	OOO	OOO E71	OOO E72
OOO E73	OOO E74	OOO E75	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO E80	OOO E81Orange	OOO E82	OOO E83	OOO E84
OOO E85	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Pink	OOO	OOO E95	OOO E96
OOO E97	OOO E98	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Red	OOO	OOO E107	OOO E108
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO White	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Yellow	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Unusual	OOO	OOO	OOO E144
The above Index table states details of each plant in each page of Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel Gallery below. "The Beesource Beekeeping website was started in 1997 by a hobbyist beekeeper and became an online community for beekeepers and beekeeping in 1999. It has experienced organic, word of mouth grassroots growth ever since. Today, Beesource.com has 48.2K registered members and is the most active online beekeeping community of its kind in the world." Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel:-
Inner circle of Grey is 12 months of Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour
Bulb and Perennial Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)			Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)	Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)	Red = 36-72 inches (90- 180 cms)	Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Shrub Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)			Blue = 12-36 inches (30-90 cms)	Green = 36-60 inches (90- 150 cms)	Red = 60-120 inches (150- 300 cms)	Black = 120+ inches (300+ cms)
Tree Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-240 inches (0- 600 cms)			Blue = 240- 480 inches (600- 1200 cms)	Green = 480+ inches (1200 + cms)	Red = Potted	Black = Use in Small Garden
Climber Height from Text Border							Blue = 0-36 inches (0-90 cms)	Green = 36-120 inches (90-300 cms)	Red = 120+ inches (300+ cms)
Bamboo, Bedding, Conifer, Fern, Grass, Herb, Rhododendron, Rose, Soft Fruit, Top Fruit, Vegetable and Wildflower Height from Text Border							Blue = 0-24 inches (0-60 cms)	Green = 24-72 inches (60- 180 cms)	Red = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Plant Soil Moisture from Text Background							Wet Soil	Moist Soil		Dry Soil
BEE-POLLINATED BLOOM IN MONTH PLANT INDEX GALLERY PAGES Site Map Societies by Plant Type in USA National Plant Societies in UK				Ivydene Horticultural Services .				Site design and content copyright ©July 2013. Amended Menus July 2015. Amended Menus and corrected meta tags June 2017. Amended Table 10 July 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. How trees fight Climate Change.
Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index. So, how can I feed the bees if I have no soil in my garden? You could start with a sedum roof covering for a DIY green roof on a flat roof of a house, garage, carport, on a roof which is not more than 20 degrees from horizontal, or on top of hardstanding which is at ground level. Biodiverse mats could be used instead of sedum mats for the above areas to attract bees. Then, there is no reason why you could not have Green Walls as well. You could then progress to Rootop Gardens, which may require a further strengthening of the supporting structure to carry the potential extra weight:- How to create a Rooftop Garden is one way and you could use some of the plants from the list below!!! You could have a green roof on your house for Healthy Cities. If you do not fancy putting plants on the walls or your roof, then you could have a series of window box gardens and Balcony gardens using self-watering planters and boxes from Amberol. If you have the room in the hardstanding round your property then why not use a series of Promenade Self-Watering Planters from Amberol. These are easy to work on - even if you are in a wheelchair or otherwise infirm - and they could still then provide flowers for the bees to use. "What do bees need? Undisturbed nesting sites Solitary bees may burrow into the ground, into mortar in brick and stonework, or use hollow bramble stems, or beetle borings in rotten wood. Increasingly, artificial purpose-built 'homes' are being provided by conservation minded people. Social bees, such as bumblebees, may construct their nests in old mouse, vole and mole holes; under hedge vegetation; beneath moss or grass tussocks, and under piles of cut vegetation. Honey bees will use beehives, cavities in old trees or walls, roof spaces and chimneys. Locations where the queen bumblebees can over-winter, dry and undisturbed. Consistent supplies of pollen and nectar sources from early spring to late autumn. Pollen is needed for its proteins, lipids (essential for brood food production) and other constituents to produce sufficient brood, feed adult bees, help ensure the health of the colony and to create new comb. Nectar is collected and processed by another bee before being stored in the comb as honey. Both Pollen and Nectar is required by the bee colony throughout the 9-10 months they are active and rearing brood. When required, some of the bees will uncap the cells, add water to make a 50:50 honey to water mix and distribute it to others in the colony to provide the energy they need - especially in the winter during the other 2-3 months when not collecting pollen or nectar. The Beekeeper's Garden by Hooper and Taylor - Published by Alphabooks Ltd., in 1988 - ISBN 0-7136-3023-X - provides comprehensive information on suitable plants, also useful is the classic text of Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N, which was originally published prior to 1923 and a reproduction by Ulan Press and printed by Amazon.co.uk, Ltd was produced this century. Unpolluted water." from Plants and Honey Bees An Introduction to Their Relationships by David Aston and Sally Bucknall. Printed by Northern Bee Books. First published 2004, Reprinted 2009. ISBN 0-393-30879-0 The Potential Impact of Global Warming The potential impact of global warming on UK gardens has been considered in the report 'Gardening in the Global Greenhouse, the impacts of climate change on gardens in the UK', published in November 2002 under the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP(). A number of scenarios were described, together with the likely changes in garden styles caused by climatic changes. These could have a significant effect on the availability and timing of bee forage. The following is from its conclusions:- The role of gardens and parks as innumerable components in a green web, supporting and at times replacing the fragile network of natural ecosystems, has been little explored in this report. However, these millions of landscapes, large and small, will have a vital role to play in reinforcing a system of ecological corridors through which wildlife can migrate in response to climate change.
The plants in Table 10 (on the right in Bee Bloom Calander Gallery) and others within this table cell below will be included in either Bee Bloom Calendar Gallery or Bees Bloom Calendar Gallery :- there are Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in these pages 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) Above 72 inches (180 cms) Photos - Bloom per Month Blooms Nov-Feb Blooms Mar-May Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2 Blooms Sep-Oct and the following:- ACER (Deciduous/Evergreen Shrub/Tree) in March-April with Acer pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) in April-May (Green) and Acer campestre (Maple, Field Maple) Native in Maple Family in May-Jun (Green) CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA (Herbaceous Perennial) in March-May in Above 72 inches (180 cms) page CROCUS (Bulb) in September-April with Crocus vernus (Crocus purpureus, Spring Crocus, Purple Crocus) - Crocus vernus 'Flower Record' in Feb-Apr (Purple) from Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder and in Colchicum/ Crocus Gallery CYDONIA OBLONGA (Deciduous Shrub) in April-June DAFFODIL (Bulb) in December-May DAHLIA (Bulb) in June-November DUTCH HYACINTH (Bulb) in March-April HEATHERS (Evergreen Shrub) in every month HEDERA HELIX (Evergreen Climber) in September-November as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year HELIANTHEMUM (Deciduous Shrub) in June-August - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather HELENIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-October HELLEBORUS (Herbaceous Perennial) in January-March HEUCHERA (Evergreen Perennial) in May-September HIBISCUS (Deciduous Shrub) in August-September ILEX (Evergreen Tree) in May-June LAVANDULA (Annual, Herbaceous Perennial or Shrub) in June-July LAVATERA (Annual, Biennial, or Herbaceous Perennial) in May-August LEPTOSIPHON (Annual) in June-August MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA (Evergreen Tree) in August-September MALVA SYLVESTRIS (Biennial) in June-September MENTHA (Herb) in July-August NEMOPHILA (Annual) in April-June NIGELLA (Annual) in July-September PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers (Shrub) in June POLEMONIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in April-June PRUNUS CERASIFERA (Deciduous Tree) in February-March PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS (Evergreen Shrub) in April-June PYRACANTHA COCCINEA (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June ROSES (Deciduous Shrub/Climber) in June-October RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) (Soft Fruit) in May-June SALVIA SUPERBA (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant - for those plants.
What are Beebombs and why do we need them sown? 97% of native British Wildflower habitat has been lost since World War 2. Wildflower habitats are where bees and butterflies make their lives. With Beebombs you can re-create these lost habitats and to help bring back the bees. Beebombs need no gardening skill and can be scattered straight onto open ground at any time of the year. Once scattered, Beebombs just need lots of water, sun and time. Wildflowers are hardy and adaptable but slow growers. This means that they can be out-competed by faster growing grasses and perennial weeds at the critical early stages, so straight onto soil is best if possible. The soil will help your Beebombs germinate and the clay will protect them as they dissipate. Lots of sun and rain is of course important, as is time. Wildflowers are a little slower growers than many imported plants and flowers. Some will flower in the first year but most will not come out until the 2nd year.
Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N. originally published prior to 1923, republished by Amazon on 21 March 2007 and it represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. Its contents are being used in the creation of this Bee-pollinated Bloom Index Gallery. I insert the plant names into this Index, but I cannot insert all the useful data as well!

Comparing Alpines.

The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists of alpines most likely to thrive and flourish under certain easily defined conditions and for special purposes, which may be considered first choices, from Gardening with Alpines by Stanley B. Whitehead. Garden Book Club. Published in 1962.

Alpine Plants for a Purpose:-

Beginner's Choice for an All-the-year-round-show in SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER.
Plants of Foliage Beauty.
Alpines for Full Sun, Hot, Dry Positions.
Alpines tolerant of Shade.
Alpines for Dry Shade.
Alpines tolerant of Lime or Chalk.
Alpines readily raised from seed.
Alpines for the damper places.
Alpines for planting between Paving Stones.
Scree Plants.

PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES

FLOWER COLOUR
Blue
Orange
Other Colours
Red
Pink
White
Yellow

FOLIAGE COLOUR
Black
Blue
Brown
Bronze
Green1
Green2
Grey
Purple
Red
Silver
Variegated White
Variegated Yellow
White
Yellow
Autumn Colour
4 Season Colour

FORM
Mat-forming
Prostrate
Mound-forming
Spreading
Clump-forming
Stemless
Upright
Climbing
Arching

FRUIT COLOUR
Fruit

FLOWER BED PICTURES
Garden

FLOWER SHAPE AND USE IN LANDSCAPE FOR ALL WILDFLOWER AND CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THIS WEBSITE GALLERY PAGES

Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

Plant Use and Flower Shape in COLOUR WHEEL USES GALLERY
compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website
- WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES, BUT NOT FROM ONES CREATED IN THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY -
combined with those already compared in
Bedding,
Bulb,
Evergreen Perennial,
Herbaceous Perennial and
Roses
pages as linked to in row
Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with Tip Colour background as shown in the cell below.

BLUE WILDFLOWER GALLERY PAGES

FLOWER COLOUR
Blue
Brown
Cream
Green
Mauve
Multi-Cols
Orange
Pink A-G
Pink H-Z
Purple
Red
White A-D
White E-P
White Q-Z
Yellow A-G
Yellow H-Z
Shrub/Tree

7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel in TABLE A alongside

for Evergreen Perennials only prior to July 2022,
from July 2022 it will compare every plant with flowers in this website
in this EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

These 2 systems of comparison:-

The Evergreen Perennials have

Plant Description Pages
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their Plant Use compared in another Gallery

Every Plant detailed in this website has

Plant Description Pages or row in a table
their flower colour compared in a 7 Flower Colour per month Gallery
their Flower Shape compared in a Gallery, and
their plant Use compared in another Gallery

are detailed in the TABLE A on the right

Wildflower Height from Text Border in this Gallery

Brown =
0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue =
12-24 inches
(30-60 cms)

Green =
24-36 inches
(60-90 cms)

Red =
36-72 inches
(90-180 cms)

Black =
72+ inches
(180+ cms)

Wildflower Soil Moisture from Text Background in this Gallery

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

Dry Soil

The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
Blue = 0-2 feet (0-24 inches), Green = 2-6 feet (24-72 inches), Red = 6+ feet (72+ inches) to

Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)
Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)
Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)
Red = 36-72 inches (90-180 cms)
Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Climber 3 Sector Vertical Plant System has the following 3 sectors on a House Wall or High Wall, with further details in table on the right
Cyan = 0-36 inches (0-90cms) for The Climber Base
Magenta = 36-120 inches (90-300cms) for The Climber Prime Site
Orange 3 = 120+ inches (300cms) for The Climber Higher Reaches

Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June).
Click on thumbnail to change this comparison page to the Plant Description Page of the Evergreen Perennial named in the Text box below that photo.
The Comments Row of that Evergreen Perennial Description Page details where that Evergreen Perennial is available from.

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

Ivydene
Horticultural
Services

Site design and content copyright ©February 2022. The 1000 Ground Cover plants detailed above will be compared in the Comparison Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and in the flower colour per month comparison pages of Evergreen Perennial Gallery starting in November 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.

Sometimes, I may insert a photo from the Plant Pictorial Database in Kwan's website www.natureloveyou.sg or a link to a page on that website showing plant photos with text of
'Photo of Plant Name - link to the page on that website in the Plant Name - from www.natureloveyou.sg'.
None of his photos can be taken from his website and used commercially without his copyright permission.
You can call me Kwan. I live in Singapore, a small island state in Southeast Asia, since day one of my existence. Setting up and managing this website, which went live in July 2007, is just a hobby of mine.