groundcover list

Topic
Case Studies
...Drive
...Foundations
Companion Planting
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z
...Pest Control
...using Plants
Garden Construction
Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants Garden Maintenance
Glossary
Home
Library
Offbeat Glossary

Plants *
...Extra Plant Pages
...Poisonous Plants
...Subsidence by
Clay

Soil
...Soil Nutrients
Tool Shed
Useful Data

................

Topic - Plant Photo Galleries
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens
A 1, Photos
B 1, Photos
C 1, Photos
D 1, Photos
E 1, Photos
F 1, Photos
G 1, Photos
H 1, Photos
I 1, Photos
J 1, Photos
K 1, Photos
L 1, Photos
M 1, Photos
N 1, Photos
O 1, Photos
P 1, Photos
Q 1, Photos
R 1, Photos
S 1, Photos
T 1, Photos
U 1, Photos
V 1, Photos
W 1, Photos
X 1 Photos
Y 1, Photos
Z 1 Photos
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens
Flower Shape and Plant Use of
Bedding
Bulb
Evergreen Perennial
Herbaceous Perennial
Rose

Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape
Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
Climber
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evgr
...Heather Shrub
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evgr
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...RHS Wisley
...Flower Shape
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron
Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable

Wild Flower
with its
flower colour page,
space,
Site Map page in its flower colour
NOTE Gallery
...Blue Note
...Brown Note
...Cream Note
...Green Note
...Mauve Note
...Multi-Cols Note
...Orange Note
...Pink A-G Note
...Pink H-Z Note
...Purple Note
...Red Note
...White A-D Note
...White E-P Note
...White Q-Z Note
...Yellow A-G Note
...Yellow H-Z Note
...Shrub/Tree Note
Poisonous
Wildflower Plants

............

Ivydene Gardens Plants:
Ground-cover List below 24 inches (60 cms) in Height

PLANTS PAGE
MENU
Introduction
Site Map

PLANT USE
Plant Selection
Level 1
Bee Forage Plants
Attracts Bird/Butterfly
Photos - Butterfly

Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in
Bee Pollinated Calendar and Index Galleries
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms)
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms)
Above 72 inches
(180 cms)
Photos - Bee Pollinated Plant Bloom per Month
Blooms Nov-Feb
Blooms Mar-May
Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2
Blooms Sep-Oct

Ground-cover Height
See Ground-cover Height in Plant Selection Level 5

Poisonous Cultivated and UK Wildflower Plants with Photos
or
Cultivated Poisonous Plants
or
Wildflower Poisonous Plants

Rabbit-Resistant Plant
Flower Arranging
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

PLANTS FOR SOIL
Plant Selection
Level 2
Info - Any Soil
Any Soil A-F
Any Soil G-L
Any Soil M-R
Any Soil S-Z

Info - Chalky Soil
Chalky Soil A-F 1
Chalky Soil A-F 2
Chalky Soil A-F 3
Chalky Soil G-L
Chalky Soil M-R
Chalky Soil Roses
Chalky Soil S-Z
Chalky Soil Other

Info - Clay Soil
Clay Soil A-F
Clay Soil G-L
Clay Soil M-R
Clay Soil S-Z
Clay Soil Other

Info - Lime-Free (Acid) Soil
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 1
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 2
Lime-Free (Acid) A-F 3
Lime-Free (Acid) G-L
Lime-Free (Acid) M-R
Lime-Free (Acid) S-Z

Info - Sandy Soil
Sandy Soil A-F 1
Sandy Soil A-F 2
Sandy Soil A-F 3
Sandy Soil G-L
Sandy Soil M-R
Sandy Soil S-Z

Info - Peaty Soils
Peaty Soil A-F
Peaty Soil G-L
Peaty Soil M-R
Peaty Soil S-Z

Following parts of Level 2a,
Level 2b,
Level 2c and
Level 2d are included in separate columns
together with
Acid Soil,
Alkaline Soil,
Any Soil,
Height and Spread,
Flowering Months and
Flower Colour in their Columns,
and also
Companion Plants to aid this plant Page,
Alpine Plant for Rock Garden Index Page
Native to UK WildFlower Plant in its Family Page in this website
and/or
Level 2cc
in the Comment Column
within each
of the Soil Type Pages of
Level 2

Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

PLANTS PAGE MENU

Plant Selection by Plant Requirements
Level 2a
Sun aspect, Moisture

Plant Selection by Form
Level 2b
Tree Growth Shape
Columnar
Oval
Rounded / Spherical
Flattened Spherical
Narrow Conical
Broad Pyramidal
Ovoid / Egg
Broad Ovoid
Narrow Vase
Fan
Broad Fan
Narrow Weeping
Broad Weeping
Single-stem Palm
Multi-stem Palm
Shrub/Perennial Growth Habit
Mat
Prostrate / Trailing
Cushion / Mound
Spreading / Creeping
Clump
Stemless
Erect or Upright
Climbing
Arching

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2c
Bedding
Photos - Bedding
Bog Garden
Coastal Conditions
Containers in Garden
Front of Border
Edibles in Containers
Hanging Basket
Hedge
Photos - Hedging
Pollution Barrier 1, 2
Rest of Border
Rock Garden
Photos - Rock Garden
Thorny Hedge
Windbreak
Woodland

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2cc Others
Aquatic
Back of Shady Border
Crevice Garden
Desert Garden
Raised Bed
Scree Bed
Specimen Plant
Trees for Lawns
Trees for Small Garden
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

Plant Selection by Plant Type
Level 2d
Alpine
Photos - Evergr Per
Photos - Herbac Per
Photos - RHS Herbac
Photos - Rock Garden
Annual
Bamboo
Photos - Bamboo
Biennial
Bulb
Photos - Bulb
Climber
Photos - Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Rhizome
Deciduous Shrub
Photos - Decid Shrub
Evergreen Perennial
Photos - Evergr Per

Evergreen Shrub
0-24 inches 1, 2, 3
24-72 inches 1, 2, 3
Above 72 inches 1, 2

Semi-Evergreen Shrub
Photos - Evergr Shrub
Fern
Photos - Fern
Fruit Plant
Grass
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Photos - Herbac Per
Remaining Top Fruit
Soft Fruit
Sub-Shrub
Top Fruit
Tuber
Vegetable
Photos - Vegetable

Photos - with its link; provides a link to its respective Plant Photo Gallery in this website to provide comparison photos.
Click on required comparison page and then centre of selected plant thumbnail. Further details on that plant will be shown in a separate Plant Description webpage.
Usually the Available from Mail Order Plant Nursery link will link you to the relevant page on that website.
I started this website in 2005 - it is possible that those particular links no longer connect, so you may need to search for that plant instead.

When I started, a click on the centre of the thumbnail ADDED the Plant Description Page, now I CHANGE the page instead. Mobile phones do not allow ADDING a page, whereas stand alone computers do. The User Guidelines Page shows which Plant Photo Galleries have been modified to CHANGE rather than ADD.

------------

Ground-cover Height
Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil,
Plant combinations for sandy soil,
Plant combinations for clay soil,
Woodland, heaths and wet soil and
Shrubs for slopes and large beds chapters are useful
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms) 1,2,3
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms) 4,5,6
Above 72 inches
(180 cms) 7 --->

PLANTS PAGE MENU

REFINING SELECTION
Plant Selection by
Flower Colour
Level 3a
Blue Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Orange Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Wild Flower

Other Colour Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Red Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

White Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Decid Tree
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Yellow Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Photos - 53 Colours in its Colour Wheel Gallery
Photos - 12 Flower Colours per Month in its Bloom Colour Wheel Gallery

Plant Selection by Flower Shape
Level 3b
Photos -
Bedding
Evergr Per
Herbac Per

Plant Selection by Foliage Colour
Level 3c
Aromatic Foliage
Finely Cut Leaves
Large Leaves
Other
Non-Green
Foliage 1
Non-Green
Foliage 2
Sword-shaped Leaves

PRUNING
Plant Selection by Pruning Requirements
Level 4
Pruning Plants

GROUNDCOVER PLANT DETAIL
Plant Selection Level 5
Plant Name - A from Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie
ISBN 1 85626 326 6
Plant Name - B
Plant Name - C
Plant Name - D with Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil.
Plant combinations for sandy soil.
Plant combinations for clay soil.
Woodland, heaths and wet soil.
Shrubs for slopes and large beds.
Plant Name - E
Plant Name - F
Plant Name - G
Plant Name - H
Plant Name - I with How about using staging in your unheated greenhouse and stock it with bulbs and ferns for looking at from the house from autumn to spring, before using it for salads during the spring/summer from The Culture of Bulbs, Bulbous Plants and Tubers Made Plain by Sir J. L. Cotter.
Plant Name - J
Plant Name - K
Plant Name - L If you have no garden but only a concrete or tarmac area why not use 1 of the 8 Garden on a Roll garden borders and then maintain your garden using their Maintaining your border instructions.
Plant Name - M Importance of providing a mulch with the ground cover
Plant Name - N
Plant Name - O
Plant Name - P
Plant Name - Q
Plant Name - R
Plant Name - S
Plant Name - T
Plant Name - U
Plant Name - V
Plant Name - W
Plant Name - XYZ with Ground cover plants for 14 Special Situations:-
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts
Why grass/lawn should never be used as a groundcover
and
Why seaweed is a necessary ingredient for gardens
The 1000 Ground Cover plants detailed above will be compared in the Comparison Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and in the flower colour per month comparison pages of Evergreen Perennial Gallery starting in November 2022

Then, finally use
COMPANION PLANTING to
aid your plant selected or to
deter Pests
Plant Selection Level 6

The plants normally selected by most landscapers and designers are by nature low-growing, rampant, spreading, creep-crawly things and yet the concept of ground cover demands no such thing. The ideal description of a groundcover plant includes:-

a bold dense mass of leaves completely covering the ground most of the year; evergreens gain gold stars.
They should require little or no maintenance - if you have to give the plant more than its share of attention, you might as well save your money and spend the time weeding.
use the plant on ground areas that are difficult to maintain, such as steep banks or boggy patches.
use the plant to cover areas where not much will grow, such as deep shade or sandy soils.

Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie (ISBN 1 85626 326 6) provides details of plants that fulfill the above requirements.

Using these groundcover plants in your planting scheme (either between your trees/shrubs in the border or for the whole border) will - with mulching your beds to a 4 inch depth and an irrigation system - provide you with a planted garden with far less time required for border maintenance.

The groundcover list is sorted in the following pages under the following height of plant range:-

Below 2 feet (24 inches = 60 cms) in height in Ground-cover List 1 Page
Between 2 and 6 feet (24 - 72 inches = 60-180 cms) in height in Ground-cover List 2 Page
Above 6 feet (72 inches = 180 cms) in height in Ground-cover List 3 Page

Surface soil moisture is the water that is in the upper 10 cm (4 inches) of soil, whereas root zone soil moisture is the water that is available to plants, which is generally considered to be in the upper 200 cm (80 inches) of soil:-

Wet Soil has Saturated water content of 20-50% water/soil and is Fully saturated soil
Moist Soil has Field capacity of 10-35% water/soil and is Soil moisture 2–3 days after a rain or irrigation
Dry Soil has Permanent wilting point of 1-25% water/soil and is Minimum soil moisture at which a plant wilts
Residual water content of 0.1-10% water/soil and is Remaining water at high tension
Available Water Capacity for plants is the difference between water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point

Sun Aspect:-

Full Sun: At least 6 full hours of direct sunlight. Many sun lovers enjoy more than 6 hours per day, but need regular water to endure the heat.
Part Shade: 3 - 6 hours of sun each day, preferably in the morning and early afternoon. The plant will need some relief from the intense late afternoon sun, either from shade provided by a nearby tree or planting it on the east side of a building.
Dappled Sun: Dappled sunlight is similar to partial shade. It is the sun that makes its way through the branches of a deciduous tree. Woodland plants and underplantings prefer this type of sunlight over even the limited direct exposure they would get from partial shade.
Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight each day, with filtered sunlight during the rest of the day. Full shade does not mean no sun.

Chalky alkaline soils are derived from chalk or limestone with a pH of 7.1 or above.
Clay soils swell and shrink as they wet and dry.
Lime-Free soils are acidic and without chalk.
In poorly drained soils (50 % solid materials and about 50 % pore space), most of the pore space is filled with water for long periods of time, leaving too little air.
Light sandy soils dry out quickly and are low in nutrients.

The overall amount of sunlight received depends on aspect, the direction your garden faces:-

North-facing gardens get the least light and can be damp

South-facing gardens get the most light

East-facing gardens get morning light

West-facing gardens get afternoon and evening light

Acid Site - An acid soil has a pH value below 7.0. Clay soils are usually acid and retentive of moisture, requiring drainage. The addition of grit or coarse sand makes them more manageable. Peaty soil is acidic with fewer nutrients and also requires drainage.

Alkaline Soil - An alkaline soil has a pH value above 7.0. Soils that form a thin layer over chalk restrict plant selection to those tolerant of drought.

Bank / Slope problems include soil erosion, surface water, summer drought and poor access (create path using mattock to pull an earth section 180 degrees over down the slope). Then, stabilise the earth with 4 inches (10cms) depth of spent mushroom compost under the chicken wire; before planting climbers/plants through it.

Exposed Site is an area that is open to the elements and that includes cold, biting winds, the glare of full sun, frost and snow.

Path Edges - Soften edges for large masses of paving or lawn with groundcover plants. Random areas Within Paths can be planted with flat-growing plants. Other groundcover plants are in the Rest of Border.

Seaside Plants that deal with salt-carrying gales and blown sand; by you using copious amounts of compost and thick mulch to conserve soil moisture.

Under Hedge requires ground cover that tolerates bone dry, poor soil.

Woodland ground cover under the shade of tree canopies.

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from the UK in this gallery try using search in RHS Find a Plant.

To locate plants in the European Union (EU) try using Search Term in Gardens4You and Meilland Richardier in France.

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from America in this gallery try using search in Plant Lust.

To locate plant information in Australia try using Plant Finder in Gardening Australia.

Soil:-

Soil Moisture:-

Sun Aspect:-

Plant Location:-

Plant Name

with link to mail-order nursery in UK / Europe

Flower Colour with Flower Thumbnail

Flowering Months

Foliage Colour with Foliage Thumb-nail

Plant Use

Height x Spread in inches (cms).
Plants below 24 inches (60 cms) in Height

25.4mm = 1 inch
304.8mm = 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
914.4mm = 1 yard

I normally round this to
30 cm = 1 foot,
90 cm = 3 feet and
100 cm = 40 inches

Plant Type
(Per = Perennial) with link to
Plant Description Page,
Companion Plants to help this plant Page,
Alpine Plant for Rock Garden Index Page
and/or
Native to UK WildFlower Plant in its Family Page in this website

Comment

AC = Acid Site

AL = Alkaline Site or
AN = Any for Acid, Neutral or Alkaline

BA = Bank / Slope

CH =Chalk

EX = Exposed Site

CL = Clay

PA =
Path Edges
RB = Rest of Border

WP =
Within Path

LF = Lime-Free or
AN = Any Soil

D = Dry

S = Full Sun

SE = Seaside Plants

PD = Poorly Drained
PE = Peaty

M = Moist

PS = Part Shade
DS = Dappled Sun

UN = Under Hedge

LS = Light Sand

W = Wet

FS = Full Shade

WO = Woodland

Adiantum pedatum

No Flower

...

Green
adiantumcforpedatumgarnonswilliams

As foliage clump in Part Shade, Moist Woodland, pair with broad-leaved plants

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Northern Maidenhair Fern,
Five-fingered Fern

Deciduous - fronds to 35cm (14in) long on glossy, dark-brown or black stalks.

Adiantum venustum

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Ajuga reptans 'Atropurpurea'

Deep Blue

ajugacfloreptansatropurpurea

Apr-Jun

Reddish-purple foliage.

It will put up with the poorest of soils so is good for planting around the base of trees/shrubs.

6 x 36 (15 x 90)

Evergreen Per

Bugle in Wildflower

Mat-forming. Full sun brings out the richest leaf colour on this creeping plant, but, if the foliage is to form a dense, ground-covering carpet, the roots must be fairly moist.

Ajuga reptans 'Burgundy Glow'

Sky blue

Feb-May

In soils that retain moisture easily, this plant makes excellent ground-cover.

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Evergreen Per

Bugle in Wildflower

This has leaves which are basically green and cream but which are overlaid with a suffusion of bright pink and clear wine-red. Cold weather intensifies the foliage colour.

Ajuga reptans 'Catlins Giant'

ajugareptanscatlinsgiantcflorvroger

Apr-Aug

evergreen carpet of large, glossy, bronze-purple leaves

Use in shady border and under deciduous trees and shrubs

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Evergreen Per

Bugle in Wildflower

Can be planted over spring bulbs such as snowdrops (Galanthus). Avoid planting adjacent to lawn areas since little islands of ajuga may start appearing in the grass.

Ajuga reptans 'Multicolor'

Blue

Apr-May

Variegated white with green midrib.

Use at woodland edge, between trees or shrubs in mostly light shade.

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Evergreen Per

Bugleweed, Bugle in Wildflower

Mat-forming

Ajuga reptans 'Rainbow'

Dark Blue
ajugareptansrainbowcflokevock

Apr-Jul

Glossy, purple-brown tinted, deep-green, crinkly-textured leaves that are irregularly margined with cream and pink.

Grow in rock garden. Can be used in the pot through summer and planted into the border or raised beds for the winter.

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Semi-Evergreen Per

Bugle in Wildflower

Mat-forming and spreading.

Ajuga reptans 'Variegata'

ajugacfloreptansvariegata

Dark blue

Apr-Jul

Glossy, grey-green and creamy variegated foliage

Perfect addition to an alpine container to highlight other plants

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Evergreen Per

Bugle in Wildflower

Mat-forming

Alchemilla alpina

alchemillacfloalpina

4 x 20 (10 x 50)

Alpine Lady's Mantle in Wildflower

Alchemilla conjuncta

alchemillacforconjunctafoord

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Alchemilla mollis

20 x 20 (50 x 50)

Lady's Mantle

Alyssum montanum 'Mountain Gold'

6 x 18 (15 x 45)

Rock Garden ,

Alyssum wulfenianum

6 x 18 (15 x 45)

Rock Garden ,

Andromeda polifolia 'Alba'

16 x 24 (40 x 60)

Rock Garden , Bog Rosemary in Wildflower

Anemone apennina

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Rock Garden ,

Anemone blanda 'Atrocaerulea'

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Rock Garden ,

Anemone blanda 'Radar'

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Rock Garden ,

Anemone blanda 'Violet Star'

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Rock Garden ,

Anemone nemorosa

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Wood Anemone in Wildflower

Anemone ranunculoides

2 x 18 (5 x 45)

Anemone sylvestris

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Antennaria dioica rosea

2 x 18 (5 x 45)

Mountain Everlasting in Wildflower

Anthemis punctata cupaniana

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Anthyllis montana

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Rock Garden ,

PA
WP

Arabis caucasica 'Variegata'

6 x 18 (15 x 45)

Garden Arabis in Wildflower

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

4 x 20 (10 x 50)

Bearberry in Wildflower

Arisaema sikokianum

18 x 6 (45 x 15)

PA
WP

Arisarum proboscideum

6 x 10 (15 x 25)

Artemesia schmidtiana

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Arum creticum

12 x 6 (30 x 15)

PA
RB

Asarina procumbens

2 x 24 (5 x 60)

Asarum europaeum

3 x 12 (8 x 30)

Asarabacca in Wildflower

Aster alpinus

10 x 18 (25 x 45)

Aster amellus 'King George'

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Aubretia x cultorum
'Argenteo-variegata'

2 x 24 (5 x 60)

PA
RB

Aurinia saxatalis 'Citrinia'

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Bergenia 'Silberlicht'

12 x 20 (30 x 50)

Bergenia ciliata

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Bergenia cordifolia 'Purpurea'

20 x 20 (50 x 50)

Blechnum penna-marina

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Blechnum spicant

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Hard Fern in Wildflower

Brunnera macrophylla
'Dawson's White'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Calamintha grandiflora
'Variegata'

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Calamintha nepeta

18 x 30 (45 x 75)

Lesser Calamint in Wildflower

Calluna vulgaris
'County Wicklow'

10 x 26 (25 x 65)

Ling in Wildflower

Calluna vulgaris 'Golden Carpet'

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Ling in Wildflower

Campanula 'Birch Hybrid'

4 x 18 (10 x 45)

Carex comans

12 x 30 (30 x 75)

Carex hachijoensis 'Evergold'

12 x 14 (30 x 35)

Carex siderosticha 'Variegata'

12 x 16 (30 x 40)

Celmisia walkeri

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Centaurea montana

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Cerastium tomentosum

3 x 24 (8 x 60)

Snow-In-Summer in Wildflower

Chamaemelum nobile

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Common Chamomile in Wildflower

Clematis marmoria

6 x 8 (15 x 20)

Convallaria majalis

9 x 12 (22 x 30)

Lily of the Valley in Wildflower

Convallaria majalis 'Albostriata'

9 x 12 (22 x 30)

Lily of the Valley in Wildflower

Convallaria majalis 'Rosea'

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Lily of the Valley in Wildflower

Cornus canadensis

5 x 12 (12 x 30)

Cotoneaster conspicuus

12 x 84 (30 x 210)

Cyclamen cilcium

2 x 3 (5 x 8)

Cyclamen cilcium 'Album'

2 x 3 (5 x 8)

Cyclamen coum

2 x 4 (5 x 10)

Cyclamen hederifolium

5 x 6 (12 x 15)

Sowbread in Wildflower

Daboecia cantabrica 'Alba'

16 x 28 (40 x 70)

St Daboec's Heath in Wildflower

Daboecia cantabrica 'Bicolor'

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

St Daboec's Heath in Wildflower

Daboecia cantabrica 'Praegerae'

16 x 26 (40 x 65)

St Daboec's Heath in Wildflower

Daphne arbuscula

6 x 18 (15 x 45)

Daphne blagayana

16 x 36 (40 x 90)

Daphne cneorum

6 x 72 (15 x 180)

Dianthus deltoides

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Maiden Pink in Wildflower

Dianthus erinaceus

2 x 26 (5 x 65)

Dianthus gratianopolitanus

6 x 16 (15 x 40)

Cheddar Pink in Wildflower

Diasia rigescens

12 x 20 (30 x 50)

Dionysia involucrata

3 x 4 (8 x 10)

Epimedium pubigerum

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Epimedium rubrum

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Eranthis hyemalis

2 x 3 (5 x 8)

Winter Aconite in Wildflower

Erica carnea 'Ann Sparkes'

6 x 10 (15 x 25)

Irish Heath in Wildflower

Erica carnea 'March Seedling'

6 x 20 (15 x 50)

Irish Heath in Wildflower

Erica carnea 'Springwood Pink'

6 x 16 (15 x 40)

Irish Heath in Wildflower

Erica carnea
'Springwood White'

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Irish Heath in Wildflower

Erica carnea 'Vivellii'

10 x 14 (25 x 35)

Irish Heath in Wildflower

Erica ciliaris 'Corfe Castle'

9 x 14 (22 x 35)

Dorset Heath in Wildflower

Erica ciliaris 'David McClintock'

16 x 18 (40 x 45)

Dorset Heath in Wildflower

Erica cinerea 'C.D. Eason'

11 x 20 (27 x 50)

Bell Heather in Wildflower

Erica cinerea 'Fiddler's Gold'

9 x 18 (22 x 45)

Bell Heather in Wildflower

Erica darleyensis 'Darley Dale'

12 x 22 (30 x 55)

Erica darleyensis 'Furzey'

14 x 24 (35 x 60)

Erica darleyensis
'Silberschmeize'

14 x 32 (35 x 80)

Erica erigena 'Golden Lady'

12 x 16 (30 x 40)

Erica tetralix 'L.E. Underwood'

10 x 20 (25 x 50)

Cross-Leaved Heath in Wildflower

Erica tetralix 'Pink Star'

8 x 14 (20 x 35)

Cross-Leaved Heath in Wildflower

Erica vagans 'Mrs D.F. Maxwell'

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Cornish Heath in Wildflower

Erigeron karvinskianus

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Erinacea anthyllis

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Eriogonum umbellatum

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Eriophyllum lanatum

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Erodium manescaui

18 x 8 (45 x 20)

Erythronium dens-canis

6 x 5 (15 x 12)

Euonymous fortunei
'Emerald and Gold'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Euphorbia amygdaloides
var. robbiae

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Wood Spurge in Wildflower

Euphorbia cyparissias

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Cypress Spurge in Wildflower

Euphorbia myrsinites

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Euphorbia polychroma

20 x 20 (50 x 50)

Euryops acraeus

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Festuca eskia

6 x 10 (15 x 25)

Festuca glauca 'Blue Fox'

12 x 10 (30 x 25)

Fragaria 'Pink Panda'

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Fragaria vesca

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Wild Strawberry in Wildflower

Fragaria vesca 'Alexandria'

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Wild Strawberry in Wildflower

Fragaria vesca 'Semperflorens'

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Wild Strawberry in Wildflower

Fragaria vesca 'Variegata'

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Wild Strawberry in Wildflower

Galanthus nivalis

4 x 4 (10 x 10)

Snowdrop in Wildflower

Galium odoratum

18 x indefinite
(45 x indefinite)

Woodruff in Wildflower

Gaultheria procumbens

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Genista pilosa 'Procumbens'

8 x 36 (20 x 90)

Hairy Greenweed in Wildflower

Gentiana verna

1 x 4 (3 x 10)

Spring Gentian in Wildflower

Gentiana x macaulayi
'Wells's Variety'

2 x 12 (5 x 30)

Geranium 'Johnson's Blue'

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Geranium endressii

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

French Cranesbill in Wildflower

Geranium endressii
'Wargrave Pink'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

French Cranesbill in Wildflower

Geranium macrorrhizum
'Ingerwersen's Variety'

20 x 24 (50 x 60)

Italian Cranesbill in Wildflower

Geranium nodosum

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Knotted Cranesbill in Wildflower

Geranium pratense
'Kashmir White'

18 x indefinite
(45 x indefinite)

Meadow Cranesbill in Wildflower

Geranium sanguineum striatum

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Bloody Cranesbill in Wildflower

Glechoma hederacea

6 x 72 (15 x 180)

Ground Ivy in Wildflower

Gymnocarpium dryopteris

8 x indefinite
(20 x indefinite)

Gymnocarpium robertianum

14 x indefinite
(35 x indefinite)

Helianthemum
'Rhodanthe Carneum'

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Helianthemum 'Wisley Primrose'

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Helianthemum apennimum

16 x 24 (40 x 60)

White Rock-Rose in Wildflower

Helleborus niger

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Helleborus orientalis

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Hemerocallis 'Mini Pearl'

16 x 16 (40 x 40)

Heuchera 'Red Spangles'

20 x 10 (50 x 25)

Heuchera 'Palace Purple'

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Heuchera x Heucheralla
alba 'Bridget Bloom'

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Heuchera x Heucherella
tiarelloides

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Horminium pyrenaicum

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Hosta 'August Moon'

20 x 30 (50 x 75)

Hosta 'Golden Tiara'

12 x 20 (30 x 50)

Hosta 'Ground Master'

10 x 22 (25 x 65)

Hosta 'Halycon'

15 x 28 (36 x 70)

Hosta 'Wide Brim'

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Hosta fortunei

22 x 30 (55 x 75)

Hosta fortunei aureomarginata

22 x 36 (55 x 90)

Houttuynia cordata
'Chamaeleon'

4 x 24 (10 x 60)

Hyacinth hispanica

16 x 4 (40 x 10)

Hyacinthoides hispanica
'Excelsior'

21 x 4 (53 x 10)

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

12 x 3 (30 x 7)

Bluebell in Wildflower

Hypericum calycinum

6 x 60 (15 x 150)

Rose of Sharon in Wildflower

Hypericum ceraistoides

6 x 17 (15 x 42)

Iberis sempervirens 'Snowflake'

8 x 18 (20 x 45)

Juniperus communis 'Repanda'

12 x 48 (30 x 120)

Juniper in Wildflower

Juniperus conferta

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Juniperus horizontalis
'Bar Harbor'

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Juniperus horizontalis
'Emerald Spreader'

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Kniphofia hirsuta

16 x 18 (40 x 45)

Lamium galeobdolon
'Silver Angel'

20 x indefinite
(50 x indefinite)

Lamium maculatum
'Aureum'

8 x 36 (20 x 90)

Spotted Dead-Nettle in Wildflower

Lamium maculatum
'Beacon Silver'

8 x 36 (20 x 90)

Spotted Dead-Nettle in Wildflower

Lamium maculatum
'White Nancy'

6 x 36 (15 x 90)

Spotted Dead-Nettle in Wildflower

Lathyrus vernus

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Lavandula angustifolia
'Munstead'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Lavandula stoechas

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Linnaea borealis

3 x 36 (7 x 90)

Twinflower in Wildflower

Linum arboreum

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Linum narborense

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue'

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Lithodora rosmarinifolia

12 x 16 (30 x 40)

Lithodora zahnii

12 x 16 (30 x 40)

Loiseleuria procumbens

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Wild Azalea in Wildflower

Lychnis viscaria 'Splendens Plena'

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Red Catchfly in Wildflower

Lychnis flos-jovis

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'

2 x indefinite
(5 x indefinite)

Creeping Jenny in Wildflower

Mahonia nervosa

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Mahonia pumila

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Mahonia repens

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Meconopsis quintuplinervia

18 x 12 (45 x 30)

Mentha gracilis

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Mentha gracilis 'Variegata'

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Mentha piperita 'Citrata'

20 x 36 (50 x 90)

Peppermint in Wildflower

Mentha pulegium

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Pennyroyal in Wildflower

Mentha pulegium
'Cunningham Mint'

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Pennyroyal in Wildflower

Mimulus guttatus

12 x 36 (30 x 90)

Monkey Flower in Wildflower

Mimulus luteus

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Mitella stauropetala

19 x 12 (47 x 30)

Moltkia x intermedia

9 x 12 (23 x 30)

Myrteola nummularia

2 x 12 (5 x 30)

Nepeta phyllochlamys

4 x 8 (10 x 20)

Nepeta x faassenii

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Omphalodes cappadocica

10 x 16 (25 x 40)

Origanum dictamnus

6 x 8 (15 x 20)

Osteospermum jucundum

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Ourisia microphylla

2 x 6 (5 x 15)

Oxalis adenophylla

4 x 6 (10 x 15)

Oxalis enneaphylla

3 x 6 (7 x 15)

Oxalis oregana

8 x indefinite
(20 x indefinite)

Oxalis tetraphylla

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Ozothamnus selago

16 x 10 (40 x 25)

Pachyphragma macrophyllum

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Pachysandra terminalis

17 x 34 (43 x 85)

Pachysandra terminalis
'Green Carpet'

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Pachysandra terminalis
'Variegata'

10 x 24 (25 x 60)

Parahebe catarractaea

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Parahebe hookeriana

6 x 20 (15 x 50)

Parahebe lyallii

10 x 20 (25 x 50)

Parahebe x bidwillii 'Kea'

4 x 6 (10 x 15)

Paronychia capitata

2 x 12 (5 x 30)

Paxistima canbyi

16 x 36 (40 x 90)

Penstemon cardwellii

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Penstemon davidsonii

8 x 16 (20 x 40)

Penstemon fruticosus

16 x 16 (40 x 40)

Penstemon rupicola

4 x 18 (10 x 45)

Persicaria affinis

10 x 24 (25 x 60)

Persicaria capitata

3 x 20 (7 x 50)

Persicaria vacciniifolia

8 x 20 (20 x 50)

Petasites fragrans

12 x 60 (30 x 150)

Winter Heliotrope in Wildflower

Petrophytum caespitosum

2 x 12 (5 x 30)

Petrophytum hendersonii

4 x 8 (10 x 20)

Phlox bifida

8 x 6 (20 x 15)

Phlox divaricata

14 x 18 (35 x 45)

Phlox douglasii

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Phlox nana

8 x 12 (20 x 30)

Phlox stolonifera

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Phlox subulata

4 x 20 (10 x 50)

Phyllodoce aleutica

8 x 10 (20 x 25)

Phyllodoce caerulea

9 x 12 (23 x 30)

Menziesia in Wildflower

Phyllodoce empetriformis

12 x 16 (30 x 40)

Pimelea prostrata

8 x 20 (20 x 50)

Polemonium 'Lambrook Mauve'

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Polemonium pulcherrimum

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Polygala calcarea

2 x 8 (5 x 20)

Chalk Milkwort in Wildflower

Polygala calcarea 'Lillet'

2 x 8 (5 x 20)

Chalk Milkwort in Wildflower

Polypodium vulgare

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Common Polypody in Wildflower

Polypodium vulgare 'Cornubiense'

14 x indefinite
(35 x indefinite)

Common Polypody in Wildflower

Potentilla 'William Rollison'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Potentilla alba

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Potentilla eriocarpa

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Potentilla fruticosa 'Manchu'

12 x 30 (12 x 75)

Shrubby Cinquefoil in Wildflower

Primula auricula

8 x 10 (20 x 25)

Primula hirsuta

4 x 10 (10 x 25)

Primula luteola

14 x 18 (35 x 45)

Primula vulgaris

8 x 14 (20 x 35)

Primrose in Wildflower

Prunella grandiflora

6 x 36 (15 x 90)

Prunella grandiflora
'White Loveliness'

6 x 36 (15 x 90)

Pterocephalus perennis

3 x 8 (7 x 20)

Pulmonaria angustifolia

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Pulmonaria longifolia

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Joseph and Mary in Wildflower

Pulmonaria officinalis

10 x 18 (25 x 45)

Common Lungwort in Wildflower

Pulmonaria officinalis
'Sissinghurst White'

12 x 18 (30 x 45)

Common Lungwort in Wildflower

Pulmonaria saccharata

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Pulsatilla vulgaris

6 x 8 (15 x 20)

Pasque Flower in Wildflower

Putoria calabrica

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Pyrola rotundifolia

8 x 6 (20 x 15)

Round-leaved Wintergreen in Wildflower

Raoulia australis

1 x 12 (2 x 30)

Rhodanthemum hosmariense

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Rhodothamnus chamaecistus

8 x 10 (20 x 25)

Rosa 'Hampshire'

12 x 30 (30 x 75)

Rosa 'Hertfordshire'

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Rosa 'Nozomi'

18 x 48 (45 x 120)

Rosa 'Pheasant'

20 x 120 (50 x 300)

Rosa 'Robin Redbreast'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Rosmarinus officinalis
'Prostratus'

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Ruscus hypoglossum

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Salix apoda

8 x 24 (20 x 60)

Salix retusa

4 x 16 (10 x 40)

Salix serpyllifolia

1 x 12 (2 x 30)

Santolina chamae-cyparissus

20 x 36 (50 x 90)

Saponaria 'Bressingham'

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Saponaria ocymoides

3 x 18 (7 x 45)

Saponaria ocymoides 'Alba'

3 x 18 (7 x 45)

Satureja spicigera

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Saxifraga 'Bob Hawkins'

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Saxifraga 'Southside Seedling'

12 x 8 (30 x 20)

Saxifraga exarata moschata

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Saxifraga exarata moschata
'Cloth of Gold'

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Saxifraga marginata

3 x 12 (7 x 30)

Saxifraga x urbium

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Scabiosa graminifolia

10 x 12 (25 x 30)

Sedum acre

2 x 24 (5 x 60)

Wall-Pepper in Wildflower

Sedum lydium

2 x 8 (5 x 20)

Sedum rupestre

4 x 24 (10 x 60)

Rock Stonecrop in Wildflower

Sedum spathulifolium
'Cape Blanco'

4 x 24 (10 x 60)

Senecio abrotanifolius

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Shortia galacifolia

6 x 6 (15 x 15)

Silene schafta

10 x 12 (25 x 30)

Spiraea japonica 'Allgold'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Spiraea japonica 'Bullata'

16 x 20 (40 x 50)

Spiraea japonica 'Little Princess'

20 x 36 (50 x 90)

Stachys byzantina

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Stachys byzantina 'Silver Carpet'

5 x 12 (12 x 30)

Stachys candida

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Symphytum 'Goldsmith'

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Symphytum ibericum

16 x 24 (40 x 60)

Tanakaea radicans

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Tellima grandiflora 'Perky'

16 x 10 (40 x 25)

Thymus serphyllum 'Pink Chintz'

10 x 18 (25 x 45)

Breckland Wild Thyme in Wildflower

Thymus vulgaris 'Silver Posie'

9 x 16 (23 x 40)

Thymus x citriodorus

12 x 10 (30 x 25)

Thymus x citriodorus
'Silver Queen'

12 x 10 (30 x 25)

Tiarella cordifolia

6 x 12 (15 x 30)

Tradescantia Andersoniana Group

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Tricyrtis flava

18 x 12 (45 x 30)

Trifolium pratense 'Susan Smith'

6 x 18 (15 x 45)

Red Clover in Wildflower

Trifolium repens
'Purpurascens Quadrifolium'

4 x indefinite
(10 x indefinite)

White Clover in Wildflower

Trillium cuneatum

18 x 12 (45 x 30)

Trillium grandiflorum

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Trillium grandiflorum 'Flore Pleno'

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Trillium luteum

16 x 12 (40 x 30)

Tsusiophyllum tanakae

20 x 8 (50 x 20)

Vaccinium angustifolium
var. laevifolium

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Vaccinium caespitosum

6 x 24 (15 x 60)

Vaccinium crassifolium

18 x 36 (45 x 90)

Vaccinium macrocarpon

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Vaccinium myrtillus

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Verbascum dumulosum

10 x 16 (25 x 40)

Verbena 'Sissinghurst'

8 x 36 (20 x 90)

Veronica gentianoides

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Veronica peduncularis

4 x 24 (10 x 60)

Veronica spicata

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Spiked Speedwell in Wildflower

Vinca difformis

12 x indefinite
(30 x indefinite)

Vinca major

18 x indefinite
(45 x indefinite)

Greater Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca major 'Maculata'

18 x indefinite
(45 x indefinite)

Greater Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca major 'Variegata'

18 x indefinite
(45 x indefinite)

Greater Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca minor

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Lesser Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca minor 'Multiplex'

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Lesser Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca minor 'Variegata'

6 x indefinite
(15 x indefinite)

Lesser Periwinkle in Wildflower

Vinca minor 'Jackanapes'

5 x 12 (12 x 30)

Lesser Periwinkle in Wildflower

Viola cornuta

3 x 8 (7 x 20)

Waldsteinia ternata

4 x 12 (10 x 30)

Yucca flaccida

34 x 60 (85 x 150)

Yucca flaccida 'Golden Sword'

34 x 60 (85 x 150)

Zantedeschia aethiopica
'Little Gem'

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

Ivydene
Horticultural
Services

Height in inches (cms):-

25.4mm = 1 inch
304.8mm = 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
914.4mm = 1 yard

I normally round this to
25mm = 1 inch
300mm = 30 cms = 12 inches =1 foot,
900 mm = 3 feet = 1 yard and
1000mm = 100 cms = 1 metre = 40 inches

Site design and content copyright ©December 2006. Page structure changed September 2012. Page structure changed and information added to become 3 pages instead of 1 May 2015. Data added to existing pages December 2017. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape
and Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row),
Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

From Annuals and Biennials chapter in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:- "I think there is a case to be considered for annuals and biennials in ground-cover schemes so long as they will sow themselves freely. These suggestions may be useful for large areas outside our gardens where a 'show' for a summer or two is needed, while shrubs and perennial ground-covers are being increased for later permanent planting.. They are easy to control if one studies the life-cycle with a view to allowing seed to develop if required or to remove it before it is shed.
Use	Plant	Comments
Lawn and ground-cover under conifer trees	Poa annua	The needles under a cedar tree were weekly swept away and the grass, despite fertilizers, top dressing, re-seading and re-turfing, simply would not grow. The needles were left alone and within 12 months the area became self-sown with a close and permanent sward of Poa nnua. This little grass regenerates itself constantly so that it makes a lawn, though each plant has only a short life.
	Oxalis rosea	This is highly successful in the shade of conifers or any other tree
	Cyclamen hederifolium	This is a perennial, though sowing itself freely when suited and it is here because plants to grow under cedars and yews, somewhat away from the trunks, are very few.
Temporary ground-cover under trees	Tropaeolum or Eschscholtzia	A sheet of 'Gleam' nasturtiums or eschscholtzia; both are free-flowering and easily pulled up, though like all annuals it may be a year or two later before all dispersed seeds have germinated. Silene armeria and Iberis amara are equally successful, with Sett Alyssum (Lobularia maritima) creating a dwarf ground-cover carpet in late summer.
Ground-cover under trees with high rainfall	Claytonia sibirica (Montia sibirica)	This grows under trees where the grass is thin at high altitude and high rainfall. It covers the area - interpersed with primroses and Oxalia acetosella - with a mass of pinky-white stars a few inches (cms) above the ground. Claytonia perfoliata is an annual; it is usually classed as a weed but is excellent cover in cool, acid soil, but far less conspicuous in flower
Streamsides, river banks and fringes of boggy ground	Impatiens glandulifera (Impatiens roylei, Annual Balsam)	It is a rapid colonizer because its seeds are ejected with some force from the ripe pods. It seeds with great abandon and grows to 72 (180) or more; its many pink flowers make a great show.
Full sun and drier soils than by streamsides	Angelica archangelica	It very quickly produces great green heads in spring, ripening quickly, with the result that the ground is thickly covered with seedlings in late summer. Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) will colonize any sunny waste place and produce yellow blooms for weeks in the summer Lychnis coronaria is a prolific seeder with rosettes of silvery basal leaves. Erysimum linifolium (Wallflower) produces lilac flowers
Plants that seed about with abandon		Phytolacca american Poke Weed) has great spikes of shing black seeds Geranium pratense, a soft blue flower, 36 (90) high, with a basal clump of divided leaves Myrrhis odorata (Sweet Cicely), old garden herb Borago laxiflora with pale blue flowers on neutral, well-drained soil, Lupinus hartwegii and Lupinus polyphyllus, with Lupinus arboreus (Tree Lupin) are useful temporary ground-cover of Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus, which are used agriculturally to enrich the land as a 'green manure'. Verbascum nigrum, produces yellow or white 36 (90) high spikes in summer and it makes good basal rosetttes while it sows itself freely. Foxgloves (Digitalis) and honesty (Lumaria) seed themselves freely and in a way will act as a ground-cover on account of their large basal leaves.

From Appendix II Lists of plants for special conditions in Plants for Ground-cover by Graham Stuart Thomas - Gardens consultant to the National Trust. Published by J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd in 1970, Reprinted (with further revisions) 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1:-
Plant	Plant	Plant
1. Plants requiring lime-free soils On limy soils it is wiser not to attempt to grow the genera in this list. They are mainly woodland plants and thrive best in soil in which humus has been mixed. Species of Ceanothus, Berberis, Chaenomeles, Cytisus, Iris, Lupinus, Pimelia and Myosotideum are not so dependent on humus so long as the soil is acid or neutral.
Arctostaphylos. Azalea - this is poisonous to bees and its honey to humans. Berberis thunbergii and varieties. Blechnum. Boykinia. Bruckenthalia. Calluna. Camelia. Carex pendula. Cassiope. Chaenomeles. Claytonia sibirica. Clethra. Comptonia. Cornus canadensis. Cyathodes. Cytisus scoparius prostratus (Sarothamnus). Daboecia. Dicentra. Empetrum. Epigaea.	Erica. Galax. Gaultheria. Gaylussacia. Houstonia. Hydrangea macrophylla. Iris douglasiana. Iris innominata. Leiophyllum. Leucothoe. Linnaea. Lithospermum diffusum. Lupinus. Luzula. Meconopsis. Mitchella. Myosotideum. Ourisia. Pachysandra. Paxistima. Pernettya.	Philesia. Pieris. Pimelia. Pyrola. Rhododendron - this is poisonous to bees and its honey to humans. Sarothamnus, see Cytisus. Schizocodon. Shortia. Skimmia. Smilacina. Soldanella. Tanakaea. Vaccinium. Woodwardia.
2. Plants which will thrive in limy soils While it may be taken that any genus not mentioned in 1 will tolerate lime, many, such as Rosa, prefer the soil to be neutral. The following will thrive in soil that is actively limy, even over chalk, though they will grow equally well without lime.
Acaena. Acanthus. Achillea. Adiantum. Ajuga. Alchemilla. Alyssum saxatile. Anaphalis. Anchusa. Anemone. Antennaria. Arabis. Armeria. Asplenium. Athyrium. Aubretia. Aucuba. Ballota. Berberis (except Berberis thunbergii and varieties). Bergenia. Brunnera macrophylla. Caltha. Campanula. Cardamine. Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Choisya. Cistus. Clematis. Convallaria. Convolvulus. Cornus alba. Cotoneaster.	Cotula. Crambe. Crataegus. Cyclamen. Daphne. Dianthus. Dryas. Dryopteris. Epimedium. Erigeron. Erodium. Euonymus fortunei. Euphorbia. Festuca. Forsythia. Fuchsia. Genista hispanica. Geranium. Gymnocarpium. Gypsophila. Halimum. Hebe. Hedera. Helianthemum. Helleborus. Hemerocallis. Houttuynia. Hydrangea villosa. Hypericum. Hyssopus. Iris foetidissima. Jasminum. Juniperus. Lamium. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Liriope. Lonicera. Mahonia. Nepeta. Osmanthus. Othonnopsis.	Paeonia. Peltiphyllum (Darmera). Phlomis. Phlox. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Potentilla. Primula. Prunus. Pulmonaria. Pulsatilla. Pyracantha. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Ribes. Rodgersia. Rosmarinus. Rubus. Salvia. Sambucus. Santolina. Sarcooca. Scabiosa. Sedum. Senecio. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Stachys. Symphoricarpos. Symphytum. Taxus. Tellima. Teucrium. Thymus. Vancouveria. Viburnum. Vinca. Viola. Waldsteinia. Zauschneria.
3. Plants which tolerate clay. Few plants establish quickly on very heavy soils over clay, though many of the following will luxuiriate in maturity, provided the area is reasonably well-drained.
Acanthus. Aesculus. Ajuga. Alchemilla. Anemone x hybrida. Anemone tomentosa. Aruncus. Asarum. Astilboides. Aucuba. Berberis. Bergenia. Brunnera. Caltha. Chaenomeles. Clematis. Convallaria. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Cotoneaster. Crataegus. Daphne. Epimedium.	Euonymus fortunei. Forsythia. Geranium. Hedera. Helleborus. Hemerocallis. Hosta. Lamium. Lonicera. Mahonia. Malus. Peltiphyllum. Petasites. Phillyrea. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Prunella. Prunus. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Ribes.	Rodgersia. Rosa. Rubus. Salix. Sambucus. Sarcocca. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Symphoricarpus. Symphytum. Telekia. Tellima. Trachystemon. Vancouveria. Viburnum. Vinca. Waldsteinia.
4. Plants which will grow satisfactorily in dry, shady places. Apart from ill-drained clay, this combination of conditions is the most difficult to cope with in the garden. * indicates those which will not tolerate lime.
Alchemilla conjuncta. Arctostaphylos. Arundinaria. Asperula. Asplenium. Aster macrophyllus. Aucuba. Blechnum spicant. Camellia. Carex. *Cornus canadensis. Cyclamen. Dryopteris filix-mas. Duchesnea. Epimedium. Euphorbia robbiae. Fatshedera.	Fragaria. Gaultheria shallon. Geranium nodosum. Hedera. Hypericum. androsaemum. Iris foetidissima. Linnaea. Lonicera nitida. Lonicera pileata. Lunaria. Mahonia. Myrrhis. Pachyphragma. *Pachysandra. Phyllostachys. Polypodium. Prunus laurocerausus varieties.	Reynoutria. Ribes. Rubus. Sarcocca. Skimmia. Thalictrum. Trachystemon. *Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Vancouveria. Vinca minor. Walsteinia. Xanthorhiza.
5. Plants which thrive on moist soils. Genera marked * are suitable for boggy positions.
Ajuga. Aruncus. Astilbe. Astilboides. Athyrium. Blechnum chilense. Caltha. Clethra (no lime). Cornus alba.	Cornus stolonifera. Filipendula palmata. Filipendula purpurea. Gunnera. Heracleum. Houttuynia. Ligularia. Lysichitum. Matteuccia.	Onoclea. Osmunda. Peltiphyllum (Darmera). Petasites japonicus. Primula florindae. Primula various. Ranunculus. Rheum. Rodgersia. *Trollius
6. Plants which grow well in shady positions. The bulk of these are woodland plants, growing well under shrubs and trees, but those marked * are not so satisfactory under trees, though thriving in the shade given by buildings. For those requiring lime-free soil, compare with List 1.
Adiantum. Aegopodium. Anemone. Arabis. Arundinaria. Asarum. Asperula. Asplenium. Athyrium. Aucuba. Berberis. *Bergenia. Blechnum. Boykinia. Brunnera. Camellia. Cardamine.	Carex. Cassiope. Chiastophyllum. Choisya. Claytonia. Comptonia. Convallaria. Cornus canadensis. Cortusa. Corydalis. Cotoneaster. Cyathodes. Cyclamen. Cystopteris. Dicentra. Dryopteris. Duchesnia.	Epigaea. Epimedium. Euonymus. Euphorbia robbiae. Fragaria. Fuchsia. Galax. Gaultheria. Gaylussacia. Geranium, most. Gymnocarpium. Hebe. Hedera. Helleborus.
Helxine. X Heucherella. Hosta. Houstonia. Hydrangea. Hypericum androsaemum. Hypericum calycinum. Iberis sempervirens. Iris foetidissima. Jasminum nudiflorum. Jasminum others. Juniperus x media. Lamium. Leucothoe. Linnaea. Lomaria. Lonicera pileata. Lunaria. Luzula. Lysimachia. Mahonia. Maianthemum. Matteuccia. Meconopsis. Milium. Mitchella. Myrrhis. Omphalodes.	Onoclea. Ourisia. Oxalis. Pachyphragma. Pachysandra. Paxistima. Patrinia. Petasites. Philesia. Phyllostachys. Pieris. Polygonatum. Polygonum. Polypodium. Polystichum. Prunus laurocerasus. Pseudosasa. Pulmonaria. Pyrola. Rhododendron, larger-leaved kinds, it is toxic to bees and the honey from it is toxic to humans. Ribes. Rubus. Sarcocca. Saxifraga. Schizocodon. Selaginella.	Shortia. Skimmia. Smilacina. Soldanella. Symphytum. Tanakea. Tellima. Thalictrum minus. Tiarella. Tolmeia. Trachystemon. Vaccinium macrocarpum. Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Vancouveria. Viburnum davidii. Vinca. Viola. Waldsteinia. Woodwardia.
7. Plants which will thrive in hot, sunny places on dry soils. Those marked * require lime-free soil.
Acaena. Acantholimon. Acanthus. Achillea. Alyssum. Ampelopsis. Antennaria. Anthemis. Arabis. Arctostaphylos. Armeria. Artemisia. Aubretia. Ballota. Bolax. Bupleurum. Calamintha. Campanula alliariifolia. Campsis. Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Chaenomeles. Choisya. Cissus. Cistus. Clematis flammula. Clematis x jouiniana. Convolvulus. Coronilla. Cotula. Crambe. *Cytisus. Dianthus	Dimorphotheca. Elaeagnus. Elymus. Ephedra. Erigeron glaucus. Erodium. Erysimum. Eschscholtzia. Fascicularia. Festuca. Filipendula hexapetala. Genista. Geranium x magnificum. Geranium renardii. Gypsophila. Halimocistus. Halimium. Hebe. Helianthemum. Hypericum calycinum. Hypericum rhodopeum. Hyssopus. Iberis amara. Iberis sempervirens. Iris graminea. *Iris innominata. Iris japonica. Iris ruthenica. Jasminum parkeri. Juniperus. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Leptospermum. Limonium. Lupinus arboreus.	Lychnis coronaria. Moltkia. Muehlenbeckia. Nepeta. Oenothera biennis. Ophiopogon. Osteospermum, (see Dimporphotheca). Othonnopsis. Oxalis rubra. Paronychia. Parthenocissus. Pennisetum. Pterocephalus. Ptilotrichum. Raoulia. Reynoutria. Romneya. Rosmarinus. Ruta. Salvia' Santolina. Saponaria. Satureia. Scabiosa graminifolia. Sedum. Senecio. Silene. Stachys olympica. Teucrium. Thymus. Trachystemon. *Vaccinium oxycoccus. Viola labradorica. Zauschneria.
8. Plants which thrive in maritime districts. Many of the following will stand wind and salt-spray, particularly those marked . Those marked * will provide shelter for others and shelter is highly important in seaside gardening. For genera requiring, lime-free soil, compare with List 1.
Acaena. Acantholimon. Achillea. Alchemilla. Alyssum. Antennaria. Anthemis. Arabis. Arctostaphylos. Armeria. *Artemisia. Arundinaria. Asperula. Asplenium. Athyrium.	Aubretia. Aucuba. Berberis. Bergenia. Beschorneria. Betula. Blechnum. Bolax. Bruckenthalia. *Bupleurum. Calamintha. Calluna. Camellia. Campanula. Campsis.	Ceanothus. Centaurea. Cerastium. Ceratostigma. Choisya. Cistus. Clematis. Convolvulus. Coprosma. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Coronilla. Cotoneaster. Crambe. *Crataegus. Cytisus. Daboecia. Dianthus. Dimorphotheca. Dryas. Dryopteris. Elaeagnus. Elymus. Ephedra. Erica. Erigeron glaucus. Eriogonum. Eryngium. Erysimum. Escallonia. Euonymus. Euphorbia. Fascicularia. Festuca. Filipendula hexapetala. Forsythia. *Fuchsia. Garrya.
Genista. Geranium. Gypsophila. Halimiocistus. Halimium. Hebe. Hedera. Helianthemum. Hemerocallis. Heuchera. Hydrangea. Hypericum. Hyssopus. Iberis. Ilex. Iris. Jasminum. Juniperus. Lathyrus. Lavandula. Leptospermum. Limonium. Liriope. Lonicera. Lupinus arboreus. Mahonia. Myosotideum. Osteospermum, (see Dimorphotheca). Othonnopsis. Oxalis. Penstemon. Petasites fragrans. Phlox. Phyllostachys. Polygonum. Polypodium. Polystichum. Potentilla.	Pulsatilla. Pyrus. Reynoutria. Romneya. Rosa. Rosmarinus. Rubus. Ruta. *Salix. Salvia. Santolina. Satureia. Saxifraga.	Sedum. *Senecio. Silene. Skimmia. Sorbaria. Spiraea. Stachys. Symphoricarpus. Teucrium. Thymus. Vaccinium. Vinca. Waldsteinia.
9. Plants which create barriers. The following by their dense or prickly character will deter small animals and human beings as well as weeds.
Arundinaria anceps. Berberis. Chaenomeles. Clematis montana. Clethra. Cornus alba. Cornus stolonifera. Cotoneaster conspicuus. Cotoneaster conspicuus 'Decorus'. Crataegus. Forsythia suspensa sieboldii. Gaultheria shallon. Juniperus x media. Lonicera nitida.	Mahonia japonica. Pernettya. Pyrus. Rosa 'Macrantha'. Rosa 'Max Graf'. Rosa x paulii. Rosa x polliniana. Rosa 'Raubritter'. Rosa rugosa. Rosa virginiana. Rosa woodsii fendleri. Spiraea douglasii. Spiraea menziesii.
10. Plants for town gardens. Genera marked * prefer acid soil; those marked £ will thrive in impoverished soils. Soil in towns is usually deficient in humus.
£Acanthus. £Alchemilla. Anemone. £Asperula odorata. £Aucuba. £Bergenia. Campanula. Clematis montana. Corydalis. *Dicentra. £Epimedium.	Euonymus. £Fatshedera. £Ferns. £Geranium. £Hebe. £Hedera. *Hosta. Nepeta. Parthenocissus. Polygonatum. £Potentilla.	Ribes. Salix. Saxifraga, Robertsonia section. Spiraea. Tellima. £Vancouveria. £Vinca. Waldsteinia.
EXPLAINATION OF WHY SOIL IN UK TOWNS IS USUALLY DEFICIENT IN HUMUS. That is because when a flower bed is weeded, then the weeds are thrown away. This means that the minerals that weed used up from the soil are also thrown away, and the soil has not received any replacement. Humus is dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays. When plants drop leaves, twigs, and other material to the ground, it piles up. This material is called leaf litter. When animals die, their remains add to the litter. Over time, all this litter decomposes. This means it decays, or breaks down, into its most basic chemical elements. Many of these chemicals are important nutrients for the soil and organisms that depend on soil for life, such as plants. The thick brown or black substance that remains after most of the organic litter has decomposed is called humus. Earthworms often help mix humus with minerals in the soil. Humus contains many useful nutrients for healthy soil. One of the most important is nitrogen. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for most plants. Agriculture depends on nitrogen and other nutrients found in humus.When humus is in soil, the soil will crumble. Air and water move easily through the loose soil, and oxygen can reach the roots of plants. Humus can be produced naturally or through a process called composting. When people compost, they collect decaying organic material, such as food and garden scraps, that will be turned into soil. The humus provides the organic polymers to interact with the clay domains and bacterium to stick the 2 grains of sand together. This soil molecule of 2 grains of sand, organic polymers, clay domains and bacterium will disintegrate by the action of the bacterium or fungal enymatic catalysis on the organic polymers. So if a continuous supply of humus is not present, then the soil molecules will break up into sand and clay. Because the idiots in the UK do not know about this, this is why they weed a bed, throw away the weed, not provide anything in return and expect the soil to take care of itself. When you go to view gardens open to the public how many times can you see bare earth between plants in a flower bed? There needs to be either a green manure or an organic mulch between the plants, so that leaf litter etc can decompose and become humus to provide the minerals and humus for the plants. That is what you see when you visit a forest where the fallen leaves, branches, animals and birds are left to their own devices, except when a newly qualified university student came to look after a local authority controlled wooded park, when she got the local population to help her and her staff to remove all the undergrowth, leaving bare earth!
Cultural Needs of Plants from Chapter 4 in Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. "Understanding Fern Needs Ferns have the same basic growing requirements as other plants and will thrive when these are met. There is nothing mysterious about the requirements - they are not something known only to people with green thumbs - but the best gardeners are those who understand plant requirements and are careful about satisfying them. What, then, does a fern need? Water - All plants need water. Water in the soil prevents roots from drying, and all mineral nutrients taken up by the roots must be dissolved in the soil water. Besides water in the soil, most plants need water in the air. Adequate humidity keeps the plant from drying out. Leaves need water for photosynthesis and to keep from wilting. Light - All green plants need light to manufacture food (sugars) by photosynthesis. Some plants need more light than others, and some can flourish in sun or shade. Most ferns, however, prefer some amount of shade. Photosynthesis - For photosynthesis, plants require carbon dioxide, a gas that is exhaled by animals as waste. Carbon dioxide diffuses into plants through tiny pores, called stomata, that abound on the lower surface of the leaves. In the leaf, carbon dioxide is combined with the hydrogen from water to form carbohydrates, the plant's food. This process takes place only in the presence of light and chlorophyll, a green pigment found in plant cells. To enhance growth, some commercial growers increase the carbon dioxide level in their greenhouses to 600ppm (parts per million), or twice the amount typically found in the air. Oxygen - Plants need oxygen. The green plants of a plant do not require much oxygen from the air because plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use. The excess oxygen liberated from the plants is used by all animals, including humans. What do plants do with oxygen? They use it just as we do, to release the energy stored in food. We use energy to move about, to talk, to grow, to think - in fact, for all our life processes. Although plants don't talk or move much, they do grow and metabolize and must carry on all their life processes using oxygen to release the stored energy in their food. Air with roots - Roots need air all the time. They get it from the air spaces between the soil particles. Overwatering displaces the air between soil particles with water, thereby removing the oxygen needed by the roots. This reduces the root's ability to absorb mineral nutrients and can foster root-rot. These gases need free access to the roots:- Nitrogen Cycle - Nitrogen is the most commonly limiting nutrient in plants. Legumes use nitrogen fixing bacteria, specifically symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, within their root nodules to counter the limitation. Rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen which is then converted to ammonia. Ammonia is then assimilated into nucleotides, Amino Acids, vitamins and flavones which are essential to the growth of the plant. The plant root cells convert sugar into organic acids which then supply to the rhizobia in exchange, hence a symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and the legumes. Oxygen Cycle - No nutrient absorption occurs at the root zone unless oxygen is present. Carbon Dioxide - Plant roots uptake carbon dioxide to provide carbon for parts of the foliage. Minerals - Plants need minerals to grow properly. The minerals are mined from the soil by the plant's root system. If a certain mineral is missing, such as calcium needed for developing cell walls, then the plant will be stunted, discoloured, or deformed. Temperature - Some plants tolerate a wide range of temperatures, whereas others are fussy. If the temperature is too high or low, the machinery of the plant will not operate satisfactorily or will cease entirely. The basic needs of plants are not hard to supply, but growing success depends on attending to these needs with care and exactitude. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of these requirements, with the exception of mineral needs, which are discussed in Chapter 5." Only Earthworms provide the tunnels which transport water, gas and nutrients to and from roots. When the roots of the plant requires the mineral nutrients dissolved in soil water, oxygen and nitrogen intake and waste gases output, it gets it through the action of the earthworm continously making tunnels to provide the transport system. 6000 species of Earthworm have no special respiratory organs. Gases are exchanged through the moist skin and capillaries, where the oxygen is picked up by the hemoglobin dissolved in the blood plasma and carbon dioxide is released. Water, as well as salts, can also be moved through the skin by active transport. When the earthworms are denied access to the air above ground as in the case of pavements, driveways and patios; then they die and the system round them dies as well. Since the roots are not getting their requirements; then they also die off, and you are left with insufficient live root to support the tree or other plants.
11. Plants suitable for covering rose-beds. The following are all small plants that will not be strong-growing for the purpose, and will help to make the beds more attractive during the 7 months when Hybrid Teas and Floribundas are not in flower. Small spring-flowering bulbs can be grown through them. The more vigorous shrub roses will tolerate many others among the shorter growing plants in this 1000 ground cover table.
Acaena. Alyssum saxatile. Arabis. Aubretia. Campanula carpatica. Campanula portenschlagiana.	Cardamine trifolia. Corydalis lutea. Corydalis ochroleuca. Dianthus. Lysimachia nummularia. Phlox subulata.	Primula auricula. Primula vulgaris sibthorpii. Pulsatilla. Saponaria ocymoides. Saxifraga. Viola.

PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY
compares the use and flower shape of plants including the ones from a section of the 1000 Ground Cover Plants detailed in this page of the PLANTS Topic

7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below

for Evergreen Perennials only prior to July 2022,
from July 2022 it will compare every plant with flowers in this website
in this EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

I have updated the plant type and plant use for the Evergreen Perennials by February 2023,

then, I will continue from September 2023 to insert all the 1000 Ground-cover Plants using 'Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places' by John Cushnie ISBN 1 85626 326 6
into the relevant 3 Galleries:-

1. Flower Colour Month Comparison Page within Evergreen Perennial Gallery including those of foliage only in January Unusual Flower.

Ground Cover from PLANTS is within the text box under the thumbnail, and by clicking on the centre of the thumbnail, the page shall be changed

to its descriptive row within one of these pages in PLANTS Topic -
1000 Ground
...Cover A, B, C,
...D, E, F, G, H, I,
... J, K, L, M, N,
...O, P, Q, R, S, T,
...U, V, W, XYZ
...with Ground
...Cover for 14
...Situations
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts.
Also, Use
...Ground Cover
...in Landscape
...noise reduction

2. into Wildflower Shape Gallery pages in this Table:-

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link
Number of Flower Petals
Number of Flower Petals	Petal-less Petal-less	1 1	2 2	3 3	4 4 and could be cross-shaped	5 5	Above 5 Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple
	Stars Stars	Bowls Bowls	Cups and Saucers	Globes Globes	Goblets and Chalices	Trumpets Trumpet	Funnels Funnels

	Bells Bells	Thimbles Thimbles	Urns Urns	Salver-form Salver-form

Flower Shape - Elab--orated
	Tubes, Lips and Straps	Slippers, Spurs and Lockets	Hats, Hoods and Helmets	Stan-dards , Wings and Keels	Discs and Florets	Pin-Cushions	Tufts Tufts
							Flower stem termin-ating with a Single Flower
	Cushion Cushion	Umbel Umbel	Buttons Buttons	Pompom Pompom

Natural Arrange--ments
Natural Arrange--ments	Bunches, Posies and Sprays	Columns, Spikes and Spires	Whorls, Tiers and Candle-labra	Plumes and Tails	Chains and Tassels	Cloud, Garland and Cascade	Spheres, Domes and Plates

Evergreen Perennial Name Index Herbaceous Perennial Name Index <---	A	B	C	D	E	F	G
	H	I	J	K	L	M	N
	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U
	V	W	X	Y	Z

and

3. into the following pages in the EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE Gallery:-

shown in the next column --->

followed by continuing to insert all the plants with flowers from Camera Photo Galleries as indicated by
"Plant with Photo Index" from
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187 A 1, 2, Index
into the Colour Wheel comparison pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in Blue
having started in January 2023.

I will continue to insert all the plants planted in chalk as indicated by
"from Chalk Garden" from
GARDEN CONSTRUCTION Index using
'A Chalk Garden' by F C Stern. Published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd in 1960
into the Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in black.

then the following plants shall be added from

Aquatic,
Bamboo,
Bedding,
Bulb,
Climber,
Conifer,
Deciduous Shrub,
Deciduous Tree,
Evergreen Shrub,
Evergreen Tree,
Fern,
Grass,
Hedging,
Herbaceous Perennial,
Herb,
Odds and Sods,
Rhododendron,
Rose,
Soft Fruit,
Top Fruit,
Vegetable and
Wildflower

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,

- after the entries have been completed in the Landscaping List Pages.

finally - I am inserting these from February 2023, I will continue to insert all the plants
from the following book on planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. She is writing about perennials for use in America.
into the Landscaping List Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and
into the Flower Colour per Month Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in royal blue.
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0.

The following is from the current Site Map of Evergr Perenn Gallery in October 2023:-

104 from the 1000 Ground Cover Plants (up to Aster novi-belgii in Plant Selection Level 5 Plant Name - A Index page of Plants Topic) as indicated by
Ground Cover from PLANTS within the text box under the thumbnail, and
described in rows in PLANTS Topic by clicking on the centre of the thumbnail in the relevant Flower Colour Month Comparison Page within this gallery. This number represents the number of 1000 Ground Cover Plants with flowers
plus
those of foliage only in January Unusual Flower.
See 1000 Ground Cover Name Index from Plants Topic in the extreme right Table.
then, I will continue from September 2023 to insert all the 1000 Ground-cover Plants using 'Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places' by John Cushnie
ISBN 1 85626 326 6
into the Colour Wheel comparison pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in Brown,

into Wildflower Shape Gallery and

into EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE Gallery:-

35 (up to ajuga atropurpurea ) within
Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2c
Bedding
Bog Garden
Coastal Conditions
Containers in Garden
Front of Border
Edibles in Containers
Hanging Basket
Hedge and Attracts Bees
Pollution Barrier 1, 2
Rest of Border
Rock Garden
Thorny Hedge
Windbreak
Woodland
Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2cc Others
Aquatic
Back of Shady Border
Crevice Garden
Desert Garden and Attracts Butterflies
Raised Bed
Scree Bed
Specimen Plant
Trees for Lawns
Trees for Small Garden
Wildflower
Plant Selection by Foliage Colour
Level 3c
Aromatic Foliage and Fragrant Flowers
Finely Cut Leaves
Large Leaves
Other Garden and Cut Flowers
Non-Green Foliage 1
Non-Green Foliage 2
Sword-shaped Leaves and Animal Resistant Plants

My procedure to compare these 1000 ground cover plants in flower/foliage colour, flower shape and plant use, from September 2023 is this:-

Load Plants and transfer table of Groundcover plants B to this table in Plants Name A page within Evergr Per Gallery. Then, close Plants.
Load Evergr Perenn Gallery and load Plants Name A page from it onto Safari. Then load Wildflower Shape Gallery. Do 3 plants from the Groundcover plants in Plants Name A page in Evgr Per Gallery by updating them from the internet and changing each plant row to brown when updated. Put the plants flower thumbnail into the relevant pages in these flower colour/month pages and then into the relevant flower shape comparison pages in Wildflower Shape Gallery. Then close Wildflower Shape Gallery and load Plants. Copy the 3 changed and updated brown text rows to the respective rows in Ground cover Plants B page of Plants Topic. Repeat this row until all the plants in that groundcover plant page have been done.
When Page B has been done above then, close Wildflower Shape Gallery and load Evgr Per Shape Gallery and using the thumbnails from this gallery copy them to the relevant plant use pages in the Evgr per shape gallery.
When the above has been done, then close Evgr per Shape Gallery and open up the relevant plant type gallery to copy the thumbnail to the valid flower colour/month or flower colour comparison pages in that gallery.
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
Bulb
Climber in 3 Sector Vertical Plant System
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
Deciduous Tree
Evergreen Perennial
Evergreen Shrub
Evergreen Tree
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron
Rose
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
Vegetable
Wild Flower
When that has been done, then repeat the process for the next groundcover plant page letter.

Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant.
Wood-land Site	Shady Places Site	Rock Garden in Sun Site. In Shade Site.	Planting on a Sloping Site	Bog Site	Large Peren-nial Site	Cut Flower Site	Outdoor Room Site
Strip Site	Plans for Beds and Borders Site	Beds Site	Borders Site				Long Bloom-ers
White Flower Colour	Blue or Almost Blue Flower Colour	Lavender Flower Colour	Lavender , called Blue Flower Colour	Yellow Flower Colour	Orange Flower Colour	Pink Flower Colour	Red & Scarlet Flower Colour
Maroon Flower Colour	Flowering Stem between 24-48 inches (60-120 cms)	Flowering Stem over 48 inches (120 cms)	Bloom by Season Jan-Feb	Bloom by Season Mar-Apr	Bloom by Season May-Jun	Bloom by Season Jul-Aug	Bloom by Season Sep-Dec
Foliage Blue-Green	Foliage Grey-Green	Foliage Grey	Foliage Varie-gated		Foliage Height 1-7 inches (2.5-17.5 cms)	Foliage Height 8-23 inches (20-57.5 cms)	Foliage Height 24- inches (60 and over cms)
Foliage Bold	Foliage Finely Cut, Delicate or Comp-ound + Finely Cut	Foliage Aromatic		Peren-nials for Ground Covering in the Full Sun + 1, 2	Peren-nials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3		Long Lived
Bulbs to Combine with Peren-nials including Corms	Grasses to Grow with Peren-nials	Sub-shrubs to Grow with Peren-nials	Annuals to Use with Peren-nials	Herbs for Decor-ation as well as Culinary		Annuals, Biennials and Peren-nials to grow Annually	Peren-nials which Self Sow
Neat Growers - Good for Beds		Peren-nials which prefer Moisture	Peren-nials which do best on Margins of Water	Peren-nials which are Drought Tolerant	Peren-nials which tolerate Dense Shade	Peren-nials for Poor Soil, Full Sun	Tough Peren-nials (or easy Maint-enance)
Alpines without a Garden by Lawrence D. Hills. Published by Faber and Faber Limited in 1953 for cultivation of alpines in pans, troughs and window-boxes, particularly in towns, for gardeners who have only windw-sills or verandas, or flat roof spaces. Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus.
Ever-green Perennial Form	Mat-forming	Prostrate or Trailing. Climbing	Cushion or Mound-forming	Spread-ing or Creeping	Clump-forming	Stem-less. Sword-shaped Leaves	Erect or Upright. Arching
Evergreen Perennial Use	Other than Only Green Foliage + 1, 2	Bedding or Mass Planting	Ground-Cover	In Water	Coastal Condit-ions + Coastal	Speci-man Plant	Under-plant
	Indoor House-plant	Grow in an Alpine House	Grow in Hanging Basket + Basket	Grow in Window-box	Grow in Green-house	Fragrant Flowers	Not Fragrant Flowers
	Attracts Butter-flies + Butterfly Usage of Plants	Attracts Bees + 1, 2, 3 and Forage Calendar	Grow in Scree	Grow in a Patio Pot	Grow in an Alpine Trough + Rock Plant	Edging Borders	Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
	Into Native Plant Garden	Naturalize in Grass	Natural-ized Plant Area	Resistant to Wildlife		Early Spring Border Special Garden	Spring Epheme-rals Special Garden
	Summer Border Special Garden	Cottage Garden Special Garden	Late Summer Border Special Garden	Autumn Border Special Garden	Shade Border and Wood-land Garden Special Garden	Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden	Meadow Garden Special Garden
Ever-green Perennial in Soil	Chalk + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Clay + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Sand + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Lime-Free (Acid) + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Peat + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Any + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	+ Ever-green Peren-nials in Pages in Plants
Peony Use of Peonies in UK Peony Index	Fragrant Flowers	Flower Arrangers Hedge	Growing Tree Peonies in Pots	Front of Border	Rest of Border	Not Green Foliage Rock Garden	Seaside / Coastal Tree

Collins Aura Garden Handbooks Trees for Small Gardens by Susan Conder. Published by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd in 1988.
On page 17 , it shows how to plant a tree in a lawn, but:-

Only 1 stake should have been used at 45 degrees and meeting the trunk at about 50 cms (20 inches) with that stake inserted into the ground on the side where the wind usually comes from. It's purpose is to stop the tree from being blown out of the ground and for the tree finding out about the weather, so that it then decides whether to strengthen its trunk before going on to extend its trunk and its branches. When stakes support the tree at 6 feet from the ground and stop it moving, then when that support is removed after 2 or 3 years, the first gale may well snap the tree at that point.
The tree is surrounded by grass which will rapidly grow back next to the trunk. Grass will absorb all the rain and any nutrients supplied. Thus like the disaster at Gloucester Council, this planting would have been a total waste of time. The root system of a tree extends to the tips of the branches as shown by their diagram on page 21, so no grass should be allowed from the trunk to this width, but bulbs and a 3 inch (7.5cm) depth of mulch like mown leaves should replace that grass. See further details on the right hand side of the Welcome Page in Table 4.
Below that above description in Table 4; there is a photo of a tree planted in Chatham in a pavement in June 2023. Tarmac was compacted round that tree. By January 2024, that level tarmac had dipped.

Conclusion:-
the roots of the tree had been killed due to using up all the water in its locality,
it had used up what nutrients there were within the scope of its roots,
it had its access to receiving oxygen or excreting carbon dioxide blocked by the tarmac above it
its soil organisms had died due to lack of water, food and oxygen because their access to it had been blocked by the tarmac above it.
so the tree roots had died and rotted away - for those which had not already been killed by the compaction above when the tarmac was laid and compacted.
When the Type I Roadstone had been pressed down using a whacker plate, a layer of soil laid; the tree planted in that soil, then the tarmac laid over its roots and also pressed down to level that area with the surrounding pavement, then those remaining tree's roots had been killed.
Could you survive the pressure of a small plate compactor providing 2,400 (1088.622 Kilogrammes) pounds of force per square foot (12 x 12 inches = 144 square inches = 929.03 square centimetres) with compaction going as deep as 8 inches (20cm) on you?
RuggedMade's largest plate compactor model can deliver 9,000 pounds per square foot and compact to a depth of 34 inches (85 cms), which is below the roots of this tree that was planted. The vibrating plate compactor will get rid of the airspaces between the solids that it is compacting. That means that no water, air, or organisms to make soil can move between those solids and that soil is dead and will continue that way. That means that gradually we are killing the ground round where we live, work and play including that whackered down drive, patio, artificial grass area and paths in your garden contribute their nails in your coffin.
Living organisms like humans need to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants convert that carbon dioxide back to oxygen. Why is that humans are intent on commiting suicide by destroying plants in putting concrete/ tarmac/ bricks over the landscape and not providing the replacement plant material to provide that oxygen?

On page 23 it has diagrams showing how to remove a large limb. The fourth diagram is incorrect and below is why - you should leave the branch collar on the tree instead of cutting it off. In the centre of each trunk and branch there is a section of nerves used by the tree to get information from all of its branches and trunk and then sending replies of what to do about it. You could say that the Branch Collar is like a junction box, where you cut off after it but not before; otherwise the tree still thinks that branch is still there and then will make invalid decisions. These nerve fibres are the last item in the branches/trunk that rot away.

Branch Collar

Most gardens of new houses in England in 2023 are too small for trees, and I would recommend using top fruit and soft fruit trained onto the boundaries. If you add a chainlink fence, then you will have plenty of places to tie cordons, espaliers, fans and blackberries. If you want trees, then you can follow their method of putting them into containers as shown on pages 18 and 19, or train the trees as a a 80 (200cm) high hedge and allow 36 inches (90) from the boundary to the lawn for the hedge to grow in with bulbs and mulch between the lawn and the hedge.

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