Ivydene Gardens Bulb Flower Shape, Bulb Form, Bulb Use and Bulb in Soil Gallery:
Simple Shape: Petal-Less Bulb Flower

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Addition in Text Box

 

 

 

 

hyacinthoidesflotnonscripta

arisarumcfloproboscideum1

galanthuselwesiicflotfoord

helleborusflot1nigerfoord1

hyacinthoidesflotnonscripta1

scillaflotperuviana

tulipatardaflot

tulipaflotturkestanica

CHALK.
Hyacint-hoides non-scripta
PART SHADE

Apr-May

SAND, CLAY, CHALK.
Arisarum probos-cideum
PART SHADE

Apr-May

CHALK.
Galant-hus elwesii

PART SHADE

Mar

SCREE, well-drained CLAY. Helleb-orus niger
Prefers PART SHADE, FULL SHADE
Feb-May

CHALK.
Hyacint-hoides non-scripta
PART SHADE

Apr-May

CHALK, SAND. Scilla peruv-iana
SUN AND PART SHADE

Jun

HUMUS-RICH PEATY. Tulipa tarda SUN

Apr-May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa turkest-anica

SUN

Mar-Apr

alliumcfloscyanumrvroger

alliumcflocallimischoncallimischonrvroger

alliumcflocrenulatumrvroger

alliumcflocupaniirvroger

alliumcflofalcifoliumrvroger

alliumcflogeyerirvroger

alliumcforkarataviensekevock

alliumcflo1macranthumrvroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium cyaneum
SUN

Aug-Oct

SAND, CHALK. Allium callimi-schon callimi-schon - autumn SUN

Sep-Nov

CLAY, SCREE.
Allium crenu-latum
SUN

May-Jul

SAND, CHALK, SCREE.
Allium cupanii
SUN

May-Oct

SAND, CHALK, SCREE.
Allium falci-folium
SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium geyeri
SUN

Apr-May

ANY SOIL.
Allium karat-aviense
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

SAND.
Allium macran-thum
SUN

Jul-Aug

alliumcflokaratavienseivoryqueenkevock

alliumcflomaximowicziirvroger

alliumpflosmolygeetee

alliumpflosmolyjeaninervroger

alliumpfloneapolitanumrvroger

alliumcflonevskianumrvroger

alliumcfloplummeraervroger

alliumpflosschoenoprasumalbiflorumrvroger

ANY SOIL.
Allium karat-aviense 'Ivory Queen'
SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium maxim-owiczii
SUN

May-Jul

ANY SOIL.
Allium moly SUN, PART SHADE

Jun-Jul

ANY SOIL.
Allium moly 'Jean-nine' SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

ANY well-drained soil.
Allium neapol-itanum
SUN

Mar-May

Any well-drained soil.
Allium nevski-anum
SUN

May-Jun

ANY FERTILE SOIL.
Allium plumm-erae
SUN

Jun-Sep

ANY well- drained soil.
Allium schoen-oprasum albifl-orum
SUN

May-Aug

alliumcflooreophilumgeetee

alliumcfloschoenoprasumforscatervroger1

alliumcfloursinumrvroger

anemonecflobaldensiskevock

alliumcflosikkimenseplant

tulipacflo9stresawikimediacommons1

alliumcfloflavumnanumrvroger

tulipafloturimiensis

CHALK, SAND.
Allium oreo-philum
SUN

May-Jun

ANY well- drained soil.
Allium schoen-oprasum 'Fores-cate'
SUN

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium ursinum
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

SAND, CHALK.
Anemone bald-ensis
Rock Plant Flowers SUN,
PART SHADE
May

CHALK, SAND.
Allium sikki-mense
Rock Plant Flowers
SUN

Jul

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Stresa'

SUN, PART SHADE

Apr

CHALK, SAND.
Allium flavum nanum SUN

Jun-Aug

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa urimien-sis

SUN

Apr-May

tulipaflotviolacea

anemonenemerosacflot1a1

anemonecflonemerosabracteatarvroger

anemonecflonemerosalychettervroger

anemonecflo1nemerosarobinsonianakevock

anemonecflo1nemerosavestalkevock1

anemonecflot9ranunculoidespleniflorarvroger1

anemonecflot9trullifoliakevock

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa violacea


SUN

Mar-Apr

CHALK enriched
by leaf mould from estab-lished wood-lands
Anemone nemorosa

PInfill2 - Hardy Bulbs
PART SHADE
Apr-May

ACIDIC SAND, PEAT, CHALK.
Anemone nemo-rosa 'Bra-cteata Pl-eniflora'
PART SHADE
Apr-Jun

SAND, PEAT, CHALK.
Anemone nemo-rosa 'Lychette'
PART SHADE

Apr-Jun

SAND, PEAT, CHALK.
Anemone nemo-rosa 'Robinso-niana' PART SHADE

Apr-May

SAND, PEAT, CHALK.
Anemone nemo-rosa 'Vestal'
PART SHADE

Mar-Apr

ACIDIC SAND.
Anemone ranunc-uloides 'Pleni-flora'
PART SHADE

Mar-May

SAND WITH PEAT.
Anemone trullifolia
PART SHADE

Apr-Aug

mimulusprimuloidesflot

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLAY, PEATY. Mimulus primul-oides Erythr-anthe primul-oides SUN AND PART SHADE
Jul-Aug

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

centaureamontanacflot1a

helleborusflot1orientalisfoord

helleborusorientalisabchasicusflot9

alliumcflounifoliumkevock1

alliumcfloangulosumrvroger1

alliumcflocaesiumrvroger

alliumcflopulchellumalbumrvroger

alliumcflocowaniigeetee

CHALK.
Centau-rea montana


SUN

May-Jul

CLAY.
Helleb-orus orient-alis

PART SHADE

Feb-May

CLAY.
Helleb-orus orient-alis abch-asicus
PART SHADE

Feb-May

CHALK, SAND, CLAY.
Allium unifo-lium
SUN

Apr-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium angul-osum
Sun, part shade. White flower

Jun-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium caesium
SUN

Jun-Aug

ANY well-drained soil.
Allium pulch-ellum 'Album'
Sun, part shade

Jul-Sep

CHALK, SAND.
Allium cowanii
SUN

Apr-Jun

Honey-scented Rose-Lilac

alliumcfloamplectansrvroger

alliumcfloazureumgeetee

alliumcflochristophiigeetee

alliumcfloglobusrvroger

alliumcflojesdianumangustitepalumrvroger

alliumcflolenkoranicumrvroger

alliumcfloparadoxumnormalervroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium amphi-bolum

SUN

Jun-Jul

CLAY, SAND.
Allium ample-ctens
Sun
Pink flower

Mar-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium azureum
SUN

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium christ-ophii
SUN

Jun-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Globus'
SUN

Jun

SAND, CHALK.
Allium jesdia-num angusti-tepalum
SUN

May-Jul

ANY SOIL.
Allium lenkor-anicum
SUN

Jun-Aug

CLAY.
Allium parad-oxum var. normale
PART SHADE

Mar-Apr

alliumpflosmultibulbosumgeetee

alliumcflopulchellumfoord

alliumcfloroseumrvroger

alliumCflosaxatilervroger

alliumcfloschoenoprasumrvroger1

alliumcfloschubertiirvroger1

alliumcflotriquetrumgeetee

alliumcflozebdanenservroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium Multi-bulb-osum
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium pulch-ellum
SUN

Jul-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium roseum
SUN

Apr-Jul

CHALK, SAND, SCREE.
Allium saxatile
SUN

Jul-Sep

ACIDIC SAND.
Allium schoen-oprasum
SUN

May-Aug

CHALK, ACIDIC SAND.
Allium schub-ertii
SUN
Superb firework allium

Apr-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium triq-uetrum
Sun, Part shade, Full shade

Apr-Jun

SAND, CHALK.
Allium zebd-anense
SUN, PART SHADE

Apr-Jun

alliumcflocernuumfoord

alliumcflofarrerirvroger

alliumcfloflavumkevock

alliumcfloramosumrvroger1

tulipaflotapeldoorn

tulipaflotbatalinii

tulipacflo9couleurcardinalwikimediacommons1b2

tulipacflo9bleuaimablenationalgardenbureau1a

CHALK, SAND.
Allium cernuum
SUN

Jun-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium cyatho-phorum farreri
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium flavum SUN

Jun-Aug

SAND.
Allium ramo-sum
SUN

Jun-Jul

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Apeld-oorn'

SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa batalinii
SUN

Apr-May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Coul-eur Cardinal'

SUN

Mar-Apr

CHALK, SAND.
Tulipa 'Bleu Aimable'

SUN, PART SHADE

May

tulipacflo9queenofthenightnationalgardenbureau1

tulipacflo9beautyofapedoornwikimediacommons1a

tulipacflo9bjewelofspringwikimediacommons1

tulipacflo9daytonawikimediacommons1

tulipacflos9flamingspringgreenwikimediacommons1

tulipapfor9springgreenwikimediacommons1a

tulipacflo9virichicwikimediacommons1

tulipacflos9blackparrotwikimediacommons1

CHALK, SAND.
Tulipa 'Queen of the Night'

SUN

May

CHALK, SAND.
Tulipa 'Beauty of Apel-doorn'

SUN

Apr-May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Jewel of Spring'

SUN

Apr

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Day-tona'

SUN, PART SHADE

May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Flaming Spring Green'
SUN, PART SHADE
May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Spring Green'

SUN, PART SHADE
May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Virichic'

SUN

May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Black Parrot'

SUN

Late
Apr-May

tulipacflo9blueparrotwikimediacommons1

tulipacflo9angeliquenationalgardenbureau1

tulipapflo9purissimawikimediacommons1a

tulipapfor9yellowpurissimawikimediacommons1a

anemonepflosranunculoidesrvroger

anemonecflorupicolakevock

lilliumcflogardenpartyrvroger

 

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Blue Parrot'
SUN, PART SHADE

Mid
Apr-May

CHALK, SAND.
Tulipa 'Angel-ique'

SUN, PART SHADE

May

CHALK, SAND. Tulipa 'Puris-sima'

SUN, PART SHADE

Mar-Apr

CHALK, SAND.
Tulipa 'Yellow Puris-sima'
SUN, PART SHADE

Mar

ACIDIC SAND.
Anemone ranunc-uloides
PART SHADE

Feb-May

SAND IN SCREE.
Anemone rupicola
SUN

Jun-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Garden Party'
SUN for flowers, PART SHADE for roots.
Jul-Aug

 

lilliumfflomonalisakevock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Mona Lisa'
Part Shade for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

helleborusfoetidusflot9garnonswilliams

tricyrtisflothirta

 

 

 

 

 

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a46

CHALK or CLAY. Hellebo-rus foetidus

SUN AND PART SHADE

Feb-May

CHALK, SAND Tricyrtis hirta

PART AND FULL SHADE

Aug-Oct

 

 

 

 

 

 

alliumcfloaflatunensepurplesensationkevock

alliumcfloaltissimumgoliathrvroger

alliumcflobeauregardrvroger

alliumcfloglobemasterrvroger

alliumcflohollandicumrvroger

alliumcflojesdianumpurplekingrvroger

alliumcflojesdianumshingrvroger

lilliumcflolovelygirlrvroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium aflatu-nense 'Purple Sensat-ion'
SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium altiss-imum 'Goliath'
SUN,
PART SHADE

Jun

SAND.
Allium 'Beau Regard' SUN

Jun-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Globe-master' SUN

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium x hollan-dicum SUN

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium jesdi-anum 'Purple King' SUN

May-Jul

ANY well-drained soil.
Allium jesdi-anum 'Shing' SUN

Apr-May

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Lovely Girl'
SUN for flowers, PART SHADE for roots.
Jul

alliumcflonutansrvroger

alliumcflorosenbachianumrvroger

alliumcfloscorodoprasumrvroger

alliumcflosphaerocephalonkavanagh

alliumcflostipitatumalbumrvroger

alliumcflowallichiirvroger

alliumcfloobliquumrvroger

tulipacflo9whitetriumphatorwikimediacommons1

ANY WELL-DRAINED SOIL.
Allium nutans
SUN

Jun-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium rosenba-chianum SUN

May

CHALK, SAND.
Allium scorodo-prasum SUN

May-Aug

CHALK, SAND.
Allium sphaero-ceph-alum
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Aug

SAND.
Allium stipit-atum 'Album'
SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium wallichii SUN

Jul-Sep

ACIDIC SAND, CLAY.
Allium obliquum
SUN

Mar-Jul

CHALK, SAND.

Tulipa 'White Triumph-ator'

SUN

May

alliumcfloampeloprasumrvroger

alliumcflohirtifoliumalbumrvroger

alliumcflohisexcellencyrvroger

alliumcflojesdianumakbulakrvroger1

alliumcflojesdianummichaelhoogrvroger

alliumcflolucyballrvroger

alliumpflomacleaniirvroger

alliumcflomontblancrvroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium ampelo-prasum
SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium hirti-folium 'Album'
SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'His Excell-ency' SUN

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium jesdi-anum 'Akbulak' SUN

Jun-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium jesdi-anum 'Michael Hoog' SUN

May-Jun

ANY well-drained soil.
Allium 'Lucy Ball' SUN

May-Jul

SAND.
Allium mac-leanii SUN

May-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Mont Blanc'
SUN

May-Jul

alliumcflomarsgeetee

alliumcflonigrumrvroger

alliumcfloroundandpurplervroger

alliumcflostipitatumrvroger

alliumpflo1stipitatummounteverestgeetee

 

alliumcflogiganteumrvroger

lilliumcfloblackbeautyrvroger

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Mars' SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

Any well-drained soil.
Allium nigrum
SUN

Apr-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Round and Purple' Sun, part shade

Apr-Jul

CHALK, SAND.
Allium stipit-atum SUN, PART SHADE

May-Jun

CHALK, SAND.
Allium stipit-atum 'Mount Everest
SUN

Jun

Allium stipit-atum flowers can be left on the plant for many months. Excellent cut flower

CHALK, SAND.
Allium gigan-teum SUN

Jun-Jul

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Black Beauty'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

alliumcflogladiatorrvroger

lilliumcflocasablancarvroger1

lilliumcflocobrageetee

lilliumcfloconamorervroger1

 

 

 

 

CHALK, SAND.
Allium 'Glad-iator' SUN

May-Jun

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Casa Blanca'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Cobra'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Con Amore'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
May under glass, Jul-Aug

 

 

 

 

lilliumcflolarevervroger1

lilliumcflosiberiarvroger1

lilliumcflostarfighterrvroger

lilliumcflostargazerrvroger

lilliumcflovisaversageetee

lilliumcfloconcadorrvroger1

 

 

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium
'La Reve'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jun-Jul

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Siberia'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Star-fighter'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jun-Jul

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Star Gazer'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Visa Versa'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Conca d'Or'
SUN for flowers, Shade for roots.
Late Jul-
Early Aug

 

 

lilliumcflorobertswansongeetee

lilliumcfloreddutchrvroger1

lilliumcflotriumphatorrvroger

 

 

 

 

 

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Robert Swanson'
SUN for flowers, PART SHADE for roots.
Jul-Sep

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Red Dutch'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

ACIDIC SAND. Lilium 'Trium-phator'
SUN for flowers, SHADE for roots
Jul-Aug

 

 

 

 

 

Petal-Less Flower Simple Shape

lessershapemeadowrue1The small fluffy tufts of the meadow rues (Lesser Meadow Rue) are Petal-less Clusters of stamens.

 

 

 

 

clematispetallessalbaluxuriansgarnonswilliamsTheir is 4 to 8 Sepals for Clematis flowers instead of 4 to 8 Petals and so are Petal-less Clusters of stamens and Sepals (Clematis 'Alba Luxurians').

 

 

 

 

tulipapflo9atardaplantworldseedsThe cup- or star-shaped tulip flower has 3 petals and 3 sepals, which are often termed tepals because they are nearly identical. These 6 tepals are often marked near the bases with darker colorings (Tulipa tarda).

 

 

 

alliumpflo9alenkoranicumrvrogerThe Flowers of all Alliums have 6 tepals, being free or slightly joined at the base (Allium lenkoranicum).

 

BULB, CORM, RHIZOME and TUBER GALLERY

with 7 Flower Colours (Red, Pink and Purple on same page) per Month in Colour Wheel below.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

colormonthbulb9a1a1a1a1a

 

BULB INDEX
link to Bulb Description Page or
link to Page in 4000 x 3000 pixel Raw Camera Photo Gallery or
link to Page in Infill Galleries
:-


BULB FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES

Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

BULB, CORM, RHIZOME AND TUBER INDEX - There are over 700 bulbs in the bulb galleries. The respective flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and width, foliage thumbnail, form thumbnail use and comments are in the relevant index page below:-
(o): A 1, 2, 3
(o): B
(o): C 1, 2
(o): D
(o): E
(o): F
(o): G, Gladiolus
(o): H
(o): I
....: J
....: K
(o): L
(o): M
(o): N
(o): O
(o): P
....: Q
....: R
(o): S
(o): T
....: U
(o): V
....: W
(o): XYZ

A

D

G

O

Acis autumnalis
- autumn

Acis autumnalis pulchellum - autumn
Acis autumnale 'September Snow' - autumn
Acis valentinum
- autumn

Aconitum cammarum
Aconitum heterophyllum
Aconitum japonicum
Aconitum lycoctonum
Aconitum napellus
Aconitum variegatum

Group 1(b). Single Dahlias - Singles
Dahlia 'Summertime'
 

Gladiolus in Autumn Bulb Gallery
Gladiolus communis
subsp. byzantinus

Gladiolus papilio
'Butterfly'

Omphalodes
cappadocica

Ophiopogon
planiscapus

Ophiopogon
planiscapus
'Nigrescens'

Oxalis adenophylla
Oxalis chrysantha
Oxalis enneaphylla
Oxalis hirta
'Gothenburg' - tender

Oxalis purpurea
- tender

Oxalis lobata
Oxalis obtusa

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2008

'Afterburner'
'Akvarel'
'Alpen Glow'
'Anna Lynn'
'Ant. Peeters'
'Assol'
'Beauty Mark'
'Blushing Blonde'
'Charm School'
'Cherokee Nation'
'Christmas Orchid'
'Cindy B'
'Conuma'
'Cool White'
'Court Jester'
'Dymos'
'Enchanted'
'Fancy Ruffles'
'Fragrant Lady'
'Glad Boy'
'Goluboj Vodopad'
'Harvest Sunset'
'Huron County'
'Island Sunset'
'Jupiter'
'Kiss of Rose'
'Lava Dandy II'
'Leah Carolyn'
'Lemon Blush'
'Lemon Meringue'
'Lemon Tart'
'Light Snow'
'Merriment'
'Neat'
'Nezhnost
(tenderness)'

'Nochnaya Melodiya (night Melody)'
'Nostalgie'
'Okouzlein'
'Opal Splash'
'Orange Dart'
'Osenni Karnaval'
'Passion'
'Peppi (female cat)'
'Perth Silence'
'Pete's Gold'
'Powerful Lady'
'Raspberry Cream'
'Red Deer'
'Red My Mind'
'Reflection'
'Rosy Posy'
'Royalist'
'Rozovaya Fantazia (pink fantasy)'
'Scrumptious'
'Showbound'
'Showman's Delight'
'Slastena
(sweetening)'
'Small Star'
'Snow Owl'
'Superior Champ'
'Terry'
'Vivacious'
'Volunteer'
'Vosmoe Marta
(8th of March)'
'Watermelon Wine'
'Willy Wonka'
'Wondrous'

Allium acuminatum
Allium aflatunense 'Purple Sensation'

Allium altissimum
'Goliath'

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium amplectens
Allium angulosum
Allium azureum
Allium 'Beau Regard'
Allium caeruleum
Allium caesium
Allium carinatum pulchellum 'Album'
Allium callimischon callimischon - autumn
Allium cepa var viviparum
Allium cernuum
Allium christophii
Allium cowanii
Allium crenulatum
Allium cupanii
Allium cyaneum
Allium cyathophorum
var farreri

Allium falcifolium
Allium flavum
Allium flavum nanum
Allium geyeri
Allium giganteum
Allium 'Gladiator'
Allium 'Globemaster'
Allium 'Globus'
Allium hirtifolium
'Album'

Allium 'His Excellency'
Allium x hollandicum
Allium jesdianum
'Akbulak'

Allium jesdianum ssp angustitepalum
Allium jesdianum
'Michael Hoog
'
Allium jesdianum
'Purple King
'
Allium jesdianum
'Shing'

Allium kansuensis
Allium karataviense
Allium karataviense
'Ivory Queen
'
Allium lenkoranicum
Allium 'Lucy Ball'
Allium macleanii
Allium macranthum
Allium 'Mars'
Allium maximowiczii
Allium moly
Allium moly 'Jeannine'
Allium 'Mont Blanc'
Allium multibulbosum
Allium
neapolitanum
Allium nevskianum
Allium nigrum
Allium nutans
Allium obliquum
Alium paradoxum
ssp normale

Allium plummerae
Allium oreophilum
Allium pulchellum
Allium ramosum
Allium rosenbachianum
Allium roseum
Allium 'Round
and Purple
'
Allium saxatile
Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum
albiflorum

Allium schoenoprasum 'Forescate'
Allium schubertii
Allium scorodoprasum
Allium
sphaerocephalum

Allium sphaero-cephalon
Allium stamineum
Allium stipitatum
Allium stipitatum
'Album'

Allium stipitatum
'Mount Everest
'
Allium subvilosum
Allium triquetrum
Allium unifolium
Allium ursinum
Allium vineale 'Hair'
Allium violaceum
Allium wallichii
Allium zebdanense
 

Group 2. Anemone-Flowered Dahlias
Dahlia 'Purpinka'
Dahlia 'Toto'

P

Polyxena odorata
- tender

Polyxena paucifolia
- tender

 

Group 3(a). Collarette Dahlias - Collarette Singles
Dahlia 'Alstergruss'
 

Q

 

 

 

R

 

 

 

Group 4(a). Waterlily Dahlias - Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Glory of
Heemstede
'

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2009

'Benjamin'
'Blazing Arrow'
'Bold Heart'
'Catharina'
'Cheers'
'Crowd Pleaser'
'Eye Opener'
'Fiesta Americana'
'Fire Poker'
'Flower Girl'
'Grand Girl'
'Heavenly Gold'
'Holy Moly'
'Lavender Ice'
'Mercy Me'
'Miss Midas'
'Pure Poetry'
'Royal Touch'
'Sassy'
'Secret Lady'
'Smarty Pants'
'Stately Lady'
'Suzanne'
'Tsolum'

S

 

Sanguinaria
canadensis

Sanguinaria canadensis
'Plena'

Scilla siberica
Scilla peruviana
Sparaxis grandiflora acutiloba - tender
Sparaxis metelerkampiae - tender
Sparaxis parviflora
- tender

Sparaxis tricolor
- tender

Symphytum
ibericum

 

 

T

Alstroemeria aurantiaca
Alstroemeria versicolor
Alstroemeria psittacina
Alstroemeria pelegrina
Alstroemeria diazii
Alstroemeria ligtu
Alstroemeria haemantha
Amaryllis
belladonna

Group 4(b). Waterlily Dahlias - Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Gerrie Hoek'
Dahlia 'Twilight Time'
 

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2010

'Angelic'
'Best Bet'
'Blue Bay'
'Cool Companion'
'Dream On
'
'Extravagant Eyes'
'Fiesta Frenzy'
'Fragrant Art'
'Frosted Grape'
'Gussy Up'
'Huron Destiny'
'Mary's Dream'
'Nesook'
'Nimpkish'
'Rose Flash'
'Rusty Red'
'Teaser'
'Warm White'
'Wrigley'

Tricyrtis hirta
Tritonia crocata - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Bridal Veil' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Pink Sensation' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Serendipity' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Tangerine' - tender
 

Tulipa Division 1:
Single Early
'Couleur Cardinal' 1M24R

Tulipa Division 4:
Darwin Tulips
'Bleu Aimable' 4M22PU
'Queen of Night' 4L24PU
 

 

Anemone apennina
Anemone
baldensis
Anemone blanda
Anemone blanda 'Blue
Shades
'
Anemone blanda
'Charmer'

Anemone blanda
'Pink Star
'
Anemone blanda
'Radar'

Anemone blanda rosea
Anemone blanda
'Violet Star
'
Anemone blanda 'White Splendour'
Anemone caroliniana
Anemone coronaria
'de Caen'
Anemone coronaria
'St Brigid
'
Anemone demissa
Anemone fischeriana
Anemone fulgens
Anemone hupehensis
Anemone x
lipsiensis 'Pallida'

Anemone
intermedia

Anemone narcissiflora
Anemone nemorosa
Anemone nemorosa
'Alba Plena
'
Anemone nemorosa
'Allenii'

Anemone nemorosa
'Bracteata Pleniflora
'
Anemone nemorosa
'Lychette'

Anemone nemorosa
'Robinsoniana'

Anemone nemorosa
'Vestal'

Anemone palmata
Anemone ranunculoides
Anemone ranunculoides 'Pleniflora'
Anemone rupicola
Anemone stellata
Anemone trullifolia
 

Group 5(a) - Decorative Dahlias -
Giant-flowered
Dahlia 'Edinburgh'
Dahlia 'Fleur'
Dahlia 'Kelvin Floodlight'
Dahlia 'White Perfection'
 

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2011

'Babsbill'
'Cockadoodle'

'Coral Sea'
'Cypress Creek'
'High Stakes'
'Immaculate Heart
'
'Irish Cream'
'Mother Nature'
'Orange Effect'
'Peppermint Delight'
'Peta Christina'
'Shenanigans'
'Solar Star'
'Velvet Revolution'
'Wowzer'

Tulipa Division 4:
Darwin Hybrid
'Apeldoorn' 4L24R
'Beauty of Apeldoorn' 4L24MC
'Jewel of Spring' 4M20Y

Tulipa Division 6:
Lily-flowered
'White Triumphator' 6L26W

Tulipa Division 7:
Fringed
'Daytona' 7L26W

Tulipa Division 8:
Viridiflora
'Flaming Spring Green' 8L20MC
'Spring Green' 8L20MC
'Virichic' 8L18MC
 

 

Group 5(b) - Decorative Dahlias -
Large-flowered
Dahlia 'Red/White
Fubuki
'

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2011

'Aaralyn'
'Bald's Beauty'
'Delightful'
'Destiny'
'Expresident'
'Farmer's Daughter'
'French Rose'
'Gypsy Belle'
'Happy Face'
'Happy Hour'
'Hendrika'
'Juicy Fruit'
'Lauren'
'Libuse'
'Lyle'
'Magic Rose'
'Natural Flame'
'Orange Ensemble'
'Professor Plum'
'Pulchy'
'Quiver'
'Sacia Lynn'
'Scarlet Starlet'
'Spritzer'
'Tabasco Cat'
'The King's Kisses'
'Velvet Mistress'
'William Tell'

Tulipa Division 10:
Parrot
'Black Parrot' 10L20MC
'Blue Parrot' 10M12MC

 

Tulipa Division 11:
Double Late or Peony-flowered
'Angelique' 11L14MC

Tulipa Division 12:
Kaufmanniana
'Stresa' 12M12MC

Anthericum liliago
Anthericum liliastrum
Anthericum ramosum
Antholyza
paniculata

Antholyza
aethiopica

Antholyza spicata
Apios tuberosa
Arisaema ringens
Arisaema dracontium

Tulipa Division 13:
Fosteriana (Emperor)
'Purissima' 13E16W
'Yellow Purissima' 13E16Y


Tulipa Division 15:
Species (Botanical)
batalinii 15M15Y
tarda 15M6MC
turkestanica 15E12W
urumiensis 15M6Y
violacea 15E10MC

 

Arisarum
proboscideum

Arum italicum
Arum italicum
'Marmoratum'

Arum maculatum
Arum orientale
Arum palaestinum
Arum
proboscideum

Aruncus dioicus

Group 5(c) - Decorative Dahlias -
Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Duet'
Dahlia 'Funny Face'
Dahlia 'Golden Emblem'
Dahlia 'Lilac Time'
Dahlia 'Rosella'
Dahlia 'Smokey'
Dahlia 'Snow Country'
 

H

U

 

Hedysarum
hedysaroides

Helleborus
foetidus

Helleborus
niger

Helleborus
orientalis

Helleborus orientalis
abchasicus
Hyacinthoides hispanica
Hyacinthoides
non-scripta

 

 

B

Group 5(d) - Decorative Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Abba'
Dahlia 'Arabian Night'
Dahlia 'Arnhem'
Dahlia 'Canary Fubuki'
Dahlia 'Christine'
Dahlia 'Claudette'
Dahlia 'Cobra'
Dahlia 'El Paso'
Dahlia 'Gallery
Vincent
'
Dahlia 'Sisa'
Dahlia 'Wittem'

I

V

 

Babiana stricta - tender
Biarum bovei
- autumn

Biarum ochridense
- autumn

Biarum tenuifolium
- autumn

Biarum tenuifolium var. abbreviatum - autumn
 

Impatiens
tinctoria

Iris
foetidissima
Iris laevigata
Iris pseudacorus
Ixia 'Blue Bird' - tender
Ixia 'Castor' - tender
Ixia flexuosa - tender
Ixia 'Giant' - tender
Ixia 'Hogarth' - tender
Ixia 'Holland's Gloire'
- tender

Ixia 'Mabel' - tender
Ixia maculata - tender
Ixia 'Marquette' - tender
Ixia 'Rose Emperor'
- tender

Ixia 'Titia' - tender
Ixia 'Venus' - tender
Ixia 'Vulcan' - tender
Ixia 'Yellow Emperor'
- tender

Veltheimia bracteata
- tender

 

C

Group 5(e) - Decorative Dahlias -
Miniature-flowered
Dahlia 'Gallery
Cezanne
'
Dahlia 'Little Tiger'
 

J

XYZ

 

Campanula
glomerata
Campanula
persicifolia

Centaurea montana
Ceratostigma
plumbagoides
 

Group 6(b) - Ball Dahlias - Miniature Ball
Dahlia 'Orange Nugget'
Dahlia 'Stolze
von Berlin
'
 

 

Zantedeschia elliottiana 'Black-eyed Beauty'

 

Autumn-flowering
Colchicums
Colchicum autumnale
Colchicum autumnale 'Alboplenum'
Colchicum autumnale
'Album'
Colchicum autumnale
'Major'

Colchicum autumnale
'Nancy Lindsay'

Colchicum autumnale 'Pleniflorum'
Colchicum
'Autumn Herald'

Colchicum baytopiorum
Colchicum boissieri
Colchicum byzantinum
Colchicum cilicium
Colchicum cilicium
'Purpureum'
Colchicum cupanii
Colchicum
'Dick Trotter'

Colchicum 'Disraeli'
Colchicum giganteum
Colchicum 'Gracia'
Colchicum graecum
Colchicum 'Harlekijn'
Colchicum 'Jochem Hof'
Colchicum laetum
Colchicum
'Lilac Bedder'
Colchicum
'Lilac Wonder'
Colchicum luteum
Colchicum parlatoris
Colchicum 'Poseidon'
Colchicum
'Rosy Dawn'

Colchicum speciosum
Colchicum speciosum
'Album'
Colchicum speciosum bornmeulleri
Colchicum speciosum
'Ordu'
Colchicum tenorei
Colchicum
'The Giant'

Colchicum
'Violet Queen'
Colchicum
'Water Lily'

Colchicum
'William Dykes'

Group 7 - Pompon
Dahlias
Dahlia 'Golden
Sceptre
'

K

 

 

 

 

Group 8(c) - Cactus Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Garden
Princess
'
Dahlia 'Nuit d'Ete'
Dahlia 'Orfeo'
 

L

 

Lachenalia aloides -
tender

Lachenalia aloides
aurea -tender

Lachenalia aloides
quadricolor - tender

Lachenalia aloides
pearsonii - tender

Lachenalia aloides
vanzyliae - tender

Lachenalia bulbifera
- tender

Lachenalia contaminata
- tender

Lachenalia elegans
- tender

Lachenalia 'Fransie'
- tender

Lachenalia glaucina var. pallida - tender
Lachenalia juncifolia
- tender

Lachenalia 'Namakwa'
- tender

Lachenalia namaquensis
- tender

Lachenalia 'Nova'
- tender

Lachenalia orthopetala
- tender

Lachenalia pustulata
- tender

Lachenalia 'Robyn'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rolina'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Romaud'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Romelia'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Ronina'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rosabeth'
- tender

Lachenalia rosea
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rupert'
- tender

Lachenalia splendida
- tender

Lachenalia unifolia
- tender

Lachenalia viridiflora
- tender

Lachenalia zeyheri
- tender

 

Group 8(d) - Cactus - Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Playa Blanca'
 

 

If all else fails in how to use this educational website, how about reading the instructions in the red text on the
Welcome Page and the entire following page:-

Website Structure Explanation and User Guidelines

Group 9(b) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Large-flowered
Dahlia 'Colour Spectacle'

 

Tessellated-flowering Colchicums
Colchicum agrippinum
Colchicum
'Autumn Queen'

Colchicum bivonae
'Apollo'
Colchicum bivonae
'Glory of Heemstede'

Colchicum bivonae
'Vesta'
Colchicum
macrophyllum
Colchicum sfikasianum
Colchicum sibthorpi

Group 9(d) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Extase'
Dahlia 'Hayley Jane'
Dahlia 'Ludwig
Helfert
'
 

Leucocoryne 'Andes'
Leucocoryne 'Caravelle'
 

 

 

I Asiatic Hybrid Lilies
Lilium 'Apollo'
Lilium 'Cancun'
Lilium 'Citronella'
Lilium 'Claire'
Lilium Cote 'd'Azur'
Lilium 'Fata Morgana'
Lilium 'Gironde'
Lilium 'Gran Paradiso'
Lilium 'Kingdom'
Lilium 'King Pete'
Lilium 'Lennox'
Lilium 'Lollpop'
Lilium 'Montreux'
Lilium 'Orange County'
Lilium 'Prunotto'
Lilium 'Rosella's Dream'

 

Winter-flowering
Colchicums
Colchicum crocifolium

Colchicum kesselringii
Colchicum hungaricum albiflorum
Colchicum szovitisii
'Tivi'

Colchicum szovitisii
'White Forms'

Group 9(e) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Miniature-flowered
Dahlia 'Autumn Fairy'
Dahlia 'Munchen'

 

 

Winter- and Spring-Flowering Colchicums
Colchicum hungaricum
 

Group 10PE(c) - Miscellaneous Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff'

I Dwarf Asiatic Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'Buff Pixie'
Lilium 'Butter Pixie'
Lilium 'Ceb Crimson'
Lilium 'Inuvik'
Lilium 'Pink Pixie'
Lilium 'Tailor Made'

 

 

Autumn-flowering
Crocus
Crocus banaticus
Crocus asturicus var. atripurpureus
Crocus asumaniae
Crocus boryi
Crocus cambessedesii
Crocus cancellatus
cancellatus
Crocus cancellatus
lycius
Crocus cancellatus
pamphylicus
Crocus
cartwrightianus
Crocus
cartwrightianus 'Albus'
Crocus goulimyi
Crocus goulimyi 'Albus'
Crocus hadriaticus
Crocus hadriaticus
'Indian Summer'

Crocus kotschyanus kotschyanus
Crocus kotschyanus kotschyanus 'Albus'
Crocus kotschyanus
'Reliance'
Crocus laevigatus
'Fontenayi'
Crocus ligusticus
Crocus niveus
Crocus nudiflorus
Crocus ochroleucus
Crocus oreocreticus
Crocus pallasii
ssp. pallasii

Crocus pulchellus
Crocus pulchellus 'Albus'
Crocus pulchellus
'Inspiration'

Crocus pulchellus 'Michael Hoog'
Crocus pulchellus
'Zephyr'

Crocus sativus
Crocus serotinus
clusii

Crocus serotinus
salzmanii

Crocus serotinus salzmanii 'Erectophyllus'
Crocus speciosus
'Aino'

Crocus speciosus
'Aitchisonii'

Crocus speciosus
Crocus speciosus
'Albus'

Crocus speciosus
'Atabir'

Crocus speciosus
'Cassiope'

Crocus speciosus
'Conqueror'

Crocus speciosus
'Oxonian'

Crocus veneris

E

II Martagon Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium x marhan 'Mrs R.O. Backhouse'

 

 

Erythronium
dens-canis
Erythronium
'Pagoda'

Erythronium
tuolumnense

 

V Longiflorum Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium formosanum var. pricei 'Snow Queen'

 

F

VI Trumpet Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'African Queen'
Lilium 'Golden
Splendour
'
Lilium 'Pink Perfection'
Lilium 'Regale'
 

 

Ferraria crispa
- tender

VII Oriental Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'Acapulco'
Lilium 'Arena'
Lilium 'Barbaresco'
Lilium 'Bergamo'
Lilium 'Black Beauty'
Lilium 'Casa Blanca'
Lilium 'Cobra'
Lilium 'Con Amore'
Lilium 'Garden Party'
Lilium 'La Reve'
Lilium 'Mona Lisa'
Lilium 'Robert Swanson'
Lilium 'Siberia'
Lilium 'Starfighter'
Lilium 'Star Gazer'
Lilium 'Visa Versa'

 

Freesia alba
- tender

Freesia andersoniae
- tender
Freesia corymbosa
- tender

Freesia elimensis
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Athene'
- tender
Freesia speciosa 'Ballerina'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Bloemfontein'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Chiron'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Clazina'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Corona'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Diana'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Epona'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Fantasy'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Golden Melody'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Jessica'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Magdalena'
- tender

Fritillaria imperiallis

Fritillaria imperiallis 'Lutea'
Fritillaria imperiallis
'Rubra Maxima'

VIII Miscellaneous
Lilies
Lilium 'Conca d'Or'
Lilium 'Red Dutch'
Lilium 'Triumphator'
 

 

IX Species Lilies
Lilium auratum
Lilium cernuum
Lilium duchartrei
Lilium formosanum
Lilium formosanum
pricei

Lilium hansonii
Lilium henryi
Lilium leichtilinii
Lilium martagon
Lilium nepalense
Lilium pardalinum
Lilium superbum
Lilium wallichianum

 

Unspecified Lilies
Lilium lancifolium
'Splendens'

Lilium speciosum
'Rubrum'

 

Winter-flowering
Crocus
Crocus ancyrensis
'Golden Bunch'

Crocus biflorus
'Miss Vain
'
Crocus chrysanthus 'Ard Schenk'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Blue Pearl
'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Cream Beauty
'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Dorothy'

Crocus chrysanthus
'E.A. Bowles'

Crocus chrysanthus 'Fusco-tinctus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Goldilocks'

Crocus chrysanthus 'Prince Claus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Princess Beatrix'

Crocus chrysanthus
'Romance'

Crocus chrysanthus
'Saturnus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Snow Bunting'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Warley'
Crocus chrysanthus 'Zwanenburg Bronze'

Crocus sieberi
atticus 'Firefly'

Crocus sieberi atticus
'Violet Queen
'
Crocus sieberi 'subsp. sublimis Tricolor'
Crocus
tommasinianus

Crocus tommasinianus 'Barrs Purple'
Crocus tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant'
Crocus tommasinianus 'Whitewell Purple'

G

M

 

 

Galanthus elwesii
 

Massonia echinata
Melasphaerula ramosa
Mimulus
primuloides
Mitella breweri

 

Gladiolus Bulb European

Gladiolus 'Amsterdam'
Gladiolus 'Atom'
Gladiolus 'Ben Venuto'
Gladiolus callianthus
'Murielae'

Gladiolus carneus
Gladiolus 'Carthago'
Gladiolus 'Charming Beauty'
Gladiolus 'Charming Lady'
Gladiolus 'Cherry Berry'
Gladiolus colvillei
'Albus'

Gladiolus 'Cream
of the Crop
'
Gladiolus 'Deciso'
Gladiolus 'Ed's Conquest'
Gladiolus 'Elvira'
Gladiolus 'Espresso'
Gladiolus 'Eurovision'
Gladiolus 'Evergreen'
Gladiolus 'Flevo Smile'
Gladiolus 'Florence
Nightingale
'
Gladiolus 'Friendship'
Gladiolus 'Golden
Melody
'
Gladiolus 'Goldfield'
Gladiolus 'Grand
Finale
'
Gladiolus 'Her Majesty'
Gladiolus 'Hotline'
Gladiolus 'Huron Fox'
Gladiolus 'Huron Jewel'
Gladiolus 'Impressive'
Gladiolus 'Jayvee'
Gladiolus 'Jessica'
Gladiolus 'Karen 'P' '
Gladiolus 'Lady Elenore'
Gladiolus 'Little Jude'
Gladiolus 'Marj 'S' '
Gladiolus 'Mirella'
Gladiolus 'Mr Chris'
Gladiolus 'Perth Pearl'
Gladiolus 'Pink
Elegance
'
Gladiolus 'Pinnacle'
Gladiolus 'Plaisir'
Gladiolus 'Prins Claus'
Gladiolus 'Raymond
'C' '

Gladiolus 'Rose Elf'
Gladiolus 'Ruth Ann'
Gladiolus 'Slick Chick'
Gladiolus 'Tesoro'
Gladiolus 'Tristis'
Gladiolus 'Whistle
Stop
'
 

N

 

Narcissus - Division 1:
Trumpet Daffodil
Cultivars
'Brabazon' 1Y-Y
'Bravoure' 1W-Y
'Dutch Master' 1Y-Y
'Golden Harvest' 1Y-Y
'Little Beauty' 1W-Y
'Rijnveld's Early
Sensation
' 1Y-Y
'Small Talk' 1Y-Y
'Spellbinder' 1Y-Y
 

 

Narcissus - Division 2:
Large-Cupped Daffodil Cultivars
'Altun Ha' 2YYW-W
'Armada' 2Y-O
'Border Beauty' 2Y-O
'Carlton' 2Y-Y
'Ceylon' 2Y-O
'Glen Clova' 2Y-ORR
'Home Fires'
'Ice Follies' 2W-Y
'Redhill' 2W-OR
'Romance' 2W-PPO
'Rustom Pasha' 2Y-O
'St. Keverne' 2Y-Y
 

 

Winter and Spring-Flowering Crocus
Crocus etruscus
Crocus flavus ssp. flavus 'Golden Yellow'

 

 

Cyclamen
cilicium

Cyclamen
coum
Cyclamen coum
'Album'

Cyclamen hederifolium

Narcissus - Division 3:
Small-Cupped Daffodil Cultivars
'Badbury Rings' 3Y-YYO
'Merlin' 3W-YYR
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 4:
Double Daffodil
Cultivars
'Abba' 4W-O
'Replete' 4W-P
'Sir Winston
Churchill
' 4W-O

 

Narcissus - Division 5:
Triandrus Daffodil
Cultivars
'Hawera' 5Y-Y
 

 

 

I have a suspicion that any Mail-order Nursery in the world wishes to sell its plants. I have asked the trade for 12 years for use of their photos and succeeded with those detailed in my Copyright Permissions Page.

Currently from May 2017; I am requesting any mail-order nursery to upload their photos to Wikimedia Commons with Public Domain License, which I could then use to show its

  • flower,
  • foliage,
  • form and
  • seed/fruit

as I would believe that the respective photo was of the relevant plant named in its description, since that photo is from the grower of that plant.

This educational only website intends to describe and include photos for any cultivated plant or native wildlower plant, which is either grown and/or sold in the UK, with links to mail-order nursery in

who will sell the plant, plug or seed/bulb to the public either only in their country or other countries as well.

 

Narcissus - Division 6:
Cyclamineus Daffodil
Cultivars
'Beryl' 6Y-YYO
'February Gold' 6Y-Y
'Garden Princess' 6Y-Y
'Jack Snipe' 6W-Y
'Jetfire' 6Y-O
'Peeping Tom' 6Y-Y
'Spring Dawn' 6Y-Y
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 7:
Jonquilla and Apodanthus Daffodil Cultivars
'Baby Moon' 7Y-Y Min
'Bell Song' 7W-P
'Golden Dawn' 7Y-O
'Kokopelli' 7Y-Y
'Pipit' 7Y-Y
'Quail' 7Y-Y
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 8:
Tazetta Daffodil
Cultivars
'Falconet' 8Y-O
'Geranium' 8W-O
'Minnow' 8Y-Y
papyraceus 8W-W
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 9:
Poeticus Daffodil
Cultivars
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 10:
Bulbocodium Daffodil
Cultivars
"Golden Bells" 10Y-Y
subsp. obesus 10Y-Y
pseudonarcissus 10W-Y
pseudonarcissus
'Praecox'
10W-Y
 

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 11:
Split-Corona Daffodil Cultivars
a) Collar Daffodils
'Cassata' 11aW-Y

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 12:
Other Daffodil Cultivars
 

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 13:
Daffodils distinguished solely by Botanical Name
asturiensis 13Y-Y
bulbocodium 13Y-Y
cyclamineus 13Y-Y
obvallaris 13Y-Y
poeticus var
physaloides
13W-GYO

 

 

 

The following details come from Cactus Art:-

"A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female).    

Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds.

Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube.

partsofaflowersmallest

 

Androecium (male Parts or stamens)
It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant.
Anther This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. 
Filament This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of.
Pollen This is the dust-like male reproductive cell of flowering plants.

Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil)
 It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures.
Stigma
This is the part of the pistil  which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. 
Style
This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of ovary. 
Ovary
The part of the plant that contains the ovules. 
Ovule
The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. 

Petal 
The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla). 
Sepal 
The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix). 
(Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)"

 

 

 

The following details come from Nectary Genomics:-

"NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins.

NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate.

WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%."

 

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

 

Site design and content copyright ©June 2017.
Bulb Form, Bulb Use and Bulb Soil Comparison Pages added in March 2018 and contents added thereafter.
Contents updated and Information from the book Bulbs for Small Gardens by E.C.M Haes added in March 2020.
Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

 

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-

 

 

 

THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 15,000:-


Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos
(of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Choose 1 of these different Plant selection Methods:-

1. Choose a plant from 1 of 53 flower colours in the Colour Wheel Gallery.

2. Choose a plant from 1 of 12 flower colours in each month of the year from 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery.

3. Choose a plant from 1 of 6 flower colours per month for each type of plant:-
Aquatic
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
Deciduous Tree
Evergreen Perennial
Evergreen Shrub
Evergreen Tree
Hedging
Herbaceous Perennial
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron
Rose
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
Wild Flower

4. Choose a plant from its Flower Shape:-
Shape, Form
Index

Flower Shape

5. Choose a plant from its foliage:-
Bamboo
Conifer
Fern
Grass
Vegetable

6. There are 6 Plant Selection Levels including Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in
Plants Topic.

or

7. When I do not have my own or ones from mail-order nursery photos , then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:-

  • Create and input all plants known by Amateur Gardening inserted into their Sanders' Encyclopaedia from their edition published in 1960 (originally published by them in 1895) into these
    • Stage 1 - Garden Style Index Gallery,
      then
    • Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery being the only gallery from these 7 with photos (from Wikimedia Commons) ,
      then
    • Stage 3 - All Plants Index Gallery with each plant species in its own Plant Type Page followed by choice from Stage 4a, 4b, 4c and/or 4d REMEMBERING THE CONSTRAINTS ON THE SELECTION FROM THE CHOICES MADE IN STAGES 1 AND 2
    • Stage 4a - 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery,
    • Stage 4b - 12 Foliage Colours per Month Index Gallery with
    • Stage 4c - Cultivation, Position, Use Index Gallery and
    • Stage 4d - Shape, Form Index Gallery
    • Unfortunately, if you want to have 100's of choices on selection of plants from 1000's of 1200 pixels wide by up to 16,300 pixels in length webpages, which you can jump to from almost any of the pages in these 7 galleries above, you have to put up with those links to those choices being on
      • the left topic menu table,
      • the header of the middle data table and on
      • the page/index menu table on the right of every page of those galleries.

 

I like reading and that is shown by the index in my Library, where I provide lists of books to take you between designing, maintaining or building a garden and the hierarchy of books on plants taking you from

 

Colour Wheel of All Flowers

colourwheelclickexported2a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Primary Colours:-
Red.
Yellow.
Blue.

Secondary Colours:-
Orange.
Green.
Violet.

Tertiary Colours:-
Red Orange.
Yellow Orange.
Yellow Green.
Blue Green.
Blue Violet.
Red Violet.

 

Bee-pollinated plants in Colour Wheel of 12 Flower Colours Per Month

bloomsmonth2a1a

Inner circle of Grey is 12 months of Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour

 

Rock Garden (Alpines) suitable for Small Gardens in 53 Colours

colourwheelexported1a1a1a

FLOWERING IN MONTH
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

 

Functional combinations in the border from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland:-

"Here is a list of the perennials shown by research to be the best plants to accompany various flower bulbs. The flower bulbs were tested over a period of years in several perennial borders that had been established for at least three years.

In combination with hyacinths:

In combination with tulips:

In combination with narcissi:

For narcissi, the choice was difficult to make. The list contains only some of the perennials that are very suitable for combining with narcissi. In other words, narcissi can easily compete with perennials.

In combination with specialty bulbs:

 

White Flower Farm's list of Deer-and-Rodent-Resistant Bulbs.

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name

A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1
, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A
, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1
, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index

Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,

will be
compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial
,
F
lower shape Wildflower Flower Shape and
Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers

Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ

Rose Rose Use

These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row), Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower


Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction

with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders

......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance

Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...
Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...
How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...
Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...
Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...
Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process

Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form

...Bulb Use

...Bulb in Soil


Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone

...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline

...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium

...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria 
...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus

...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis

...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis

...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari

...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum

...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots

...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium

...Tulip
...Zephyranthus

Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas

...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias

...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias

Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums

...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles

...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums

...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes

...Plant Bedding in
......Spring

......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial

...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index
R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger
Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple

...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...
Uses in USA,
...
Uses in UK and
...
Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK


Wild Flower
with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of
Chalk and
Limestone 1
, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil
1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.

...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on
Acid Soil,
on
Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil
,
on
Marine Soil,
on
Neutral Soil,
is a
Fern,
is a
Grass,
is a
Rush,
is a
Sedge, or
is
Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1

Grass Soft
Bromes 2

Grass Soft
Bromes 3

Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1

Peaflower
Clover 2

Peaflower
Clover 3

Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
Water Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew


Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process

dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index


Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape
- page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)


All Flowers
per Month 12


Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month
12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53
INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index

...All Plants Index


Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1
, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1
, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60
cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant

...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index

...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES


Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley

Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1
, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5
,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.

Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1

with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2
,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall

Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden

Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger

Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

 

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-

Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1
, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1
, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1
, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1
, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1
, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1
, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1
, 2


Topic -
Website User Guidelines


My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.
 

 

 

Bulbs - a complete handbook of bulbs, corms and tubers by Roy Genders. Published in 1973 by Robert Hale & Company.
Contents

History, Culture and Characteristics

  • Early History
  • Botanical Characteristics of Bulbs, Corms and Tubers
  • Propagation
  • Bulbs in the Woodland Garden
  • Bulbs in Short Grass is detailed in Ivydene Gardens Bulb, Corm, Rhizome and Tuber Gallery Site Map
  • Bulbs in the Shrubbery
  • Spring Bedding
  • Summer Bedding
  • A border of bulbs
  • Bulbs for the alpine garden
  • Bulbs for trough garden and window box-
  • Bulbs for alpine house and frame
  • Bulbs in the home
  • Scent in bulbs
  • Diseases and pests of bulbs and corms

Alphabetical Guide - Pages 154-543 provides an Alphabetical Guide to these bulbs, with each genus having a description with details of culture, propagation and details of each of its species and varieties:-
"Cardiocrinum (Liliaceae)
A genus of three species, native of the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which at one time were included in the genus Lilium. They differ in that their bulbs have few scales, while the seed capsules are toothed. They are plants of dense woodlands of Assam and Yunnan, where the rainfall is the highest in the world and they grow best in shade and in a moist humus-laden soil. The basal leaves are cordate, bright-green and glossy; the flowers trumpet-like with reflexed segments. They are borne in umbels of 10 to 20 on stems 10 to 12 ft (120-144 inches, 300 to 360 centimetres) tall. In their native land they are found growing with magnolias and rhododendrons.
Culture
The bulbs are dark green and as large as a hockey ball. Plant 24 (60) apart early in spring, away from a frost pocket, and with the top part exposed. Three bulbs planted together in a spinney or in a woodland clearing will present a magnificent site when in bloom. They require protection from the heat of summer and a cool root run; they are also gross feeders so the soil should be enriched with decayed manure and should contain a large amount of peat or leaf-mould. The bulbs will begin to grow in the warmth of spring, and by early June the flower stems will have attained a height of 96 (240) or more and will be bright green with a few scattered leaves. The basal leaves will measure 10 (25) wide, like those of the arum. The flowers appear in July and last only a few days to be replaced by attractive large seed pods, while the handsome basal leaves remain green until the autumn. The flower stems are hollow.
Propagation
After flowering and the dying back of the leaves, the bulb also dies. Early in November it should be dug up, when it will be seen that three to 5 small bulbs are clustered around it. These are replanted 24 (60) apart with the nose exposed and into soil that has been deeply worked and enriched with leaf mould and decayed manure. They will take two years to bear bloom, but if several are planted each year there will always be some at the flowering stage. To protect them from frost, the newly planted bulbs should be given a deep mulch either of decayed leaves or peat shortly after planting, while additional protection may be given by placing fronds of bracken or hurdles over the mulch.
Plants may be raised from seed sown in a frame in a sandy compost or in boxes in a greenhouse. If the seed is sown in September when harvested, it will germinare in April. In autumn the seedlings will be ready to transplant into a frame or into boxes, spacing them 3 (7.5) apart. They need moisture while growing but very little during winter when dormant. In June they will be ready to move to their flowering quarters such as a clearing in a woodland where the ground has been cleaned of perennial weeds and fortified with humus and plant food. Plant 24 (60) apart and protect the young plants until established with low boards erected around them. They will bloom in about eight years from sowing time.
Species
Cardiocrinum cathayanum. Native of western and central China, it will grow 36-48 (90-120) tall and halfway up the stem produces a cluster of oblong leaves. The funnel-shaped flowers are borne three to five to each stem and appear in an umbel at the top. They are white or cream, shaded with green and spotted with brown and appear early in July. The plant requires similar conditions to Cardiocrinum giganteum and behaves in like manner.
Cardiocrinum cordatum. Native of Japan, it resembles Cardiocrinum giganteum with its heart-shaped basal leaves, which grow from the scales of the greenish-white bulb and which, like those of the paeony (with which it may be planted), first appear bronzey-red before turning green. The flowers are produced horizontally in sixes or eights at the end of a 72 (180) stem and are ivory-white shaded green on the outside, yellow in the throat and spotted with purple. They are deliciously scented.
Cardiocrinum giganteum. Native of Assam and the eastern Himalayas where it was found by Dr Wallich in 1816 in the rain-saturated forests. It was first raised from seed and distributed by the Botanical Gardens of Dublin, and first flowered in the British Isles at Edinburgh in 1852. Under conditions it enjoys, it will send up its hollow green stems (which continue to grow until autumn) to a height of 120-144 (300-360), each with as many as 10 to 20 or more funnel-shaped blooms 6 (15) long. The flowers are white, shaded green on the outside and reddish-purple in the throat. Their scent is such that when the air is calm the plants may be detected from a distance of 100 yards = 3600 inches = 9000 centimetres. Especially is their fragrance most pronounced at night. The flowers droop downwards and are at their best during July and August. The large basal leaves which surround the base of the stem are heart-shaped and short-stalked."
 

Appendices

The Daily Telegraph Best Flowers to Grow and Cut by David Joyce (ISBN 0 7112 2366 1) groups plants according to defined characteristics of flower simple shape, elaborated shape, flower details and flower textures. Using that system, this plant gallery has thumbnail pictures in:-

  • Number of Flower Petals
  • Flower Simple Shape of a flower,
  • Flower Elaborated Shape of a flower,
  • Flower Elaborated Shape of a composite of flowers and
  • Flower Natural Arrangement Pages

A thumbnail of a plant can be in 4 of the above 5.
The text menu above links to those pages and the thumbnails in the menu link to the Plant Description Page of that flower.
Explaination of each page is at the bottom of that page.

From the total of 525 bulbs linked to in this gallery with Bulb Form, Bulb Use and/or Bulb in Soil from:-

Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution by Ronse De Craene Louis P. (ISBN-10: 0521493463 and ISBN-13: 978-0521493468) ." Floral morphology remains the cornerstone for plant identification and studies of plant evolution. This guide gives a global overview of the floral diversity of the angiosperms through the use of detailed floral diagrams. These schematic diagrams replace long descriptions or complicated drawings as a tool for understanding floral structure and evolution. They show important features of flowers, such as the relative positions of the different organs, their fusion, symmetry, and structural details. The relevance of the diagrams is discussed, and pertinent evolutionary trends are illustrated. The range of plant species represented reflects the most recent classification of flowering plants based mainly on molecular data, which is expected to remain stable in the future. This book is invaluable for researchers and students working on plant structure, development and systematics, as well as being an important resource for plant ecologists, evolutionary botanists and horticulturists." from Product Description by Amazon. Very useful book if you understand the language of botany.

 

The following is Chapter III Bulbs in Cultivation from Pan Piper Bulbs for small gardens by E.C.M. Haes. Published by Pan Books in 1967:-

"Bulbs in Cultivation

The Horse before the Cart
Do not waste time, money and opportunity by sticking good bulbs into ill-prepared ground. If you are proposing to plant a new garden, resist the temptation to plant anything permanent such as bulbs, until the site to be planted has been cleared. Above all, do not, unlessabsolutely unavoidable, plant bulbs in a virgin garden until the second year. By then the main features, such as the specimen trees and shrubs, are established in borders of well-prepared soil. In the second autumn the bulbs may consequently be planted in their permanent quarters with little likelihood of your having to disturb them soon afterwards to put right some overlooked defect.

Should you have dunged a piece of ground (as you should to roses and herbaceous plants), allow a year before planting bulbs near the site, as unrotted dung is apt to damage their roots. Most bulbs, however, have a long life in the garden and do need well-prepared fertile soil.

Thorough preparation often means a few weeks of sustained hard work, but there is no short cut if you want good results. I remember I once selected a nice little corner in a new garden for a specimen tree to stand in a 'meadow' of daffodils. It was autumn. The rough grass was sickled down, a hole was dug, cleared of some old tins and some rather yellowish roots, and the tree (a standard maple) planted in a pocket of screened soil, mixed with ample peat and bone meal; while 36 'Fortune' daffodils were carefully randomized around it, and planted in the grass, each with a good pinch of bone meal.

By the time they were in bloom the following April it was clear that I might have overlooked some nettles. By June these were obviously thankful that I had opened up the turf for them. They clustered fondly around the little tree, and playfully hid the leaves of the daffodils so that I should not see them when I tried to sickle. By August it was ovious that this little piece of landscaping would have to be scrapped until the site had been purged of those grateful nettles. I should have cleared the site properly in the first place.

I know of someone else who chose to plant a small group of costly Lilium auratum bulbs close to the place where the builders had mixed concrete and thoroughly limed the surrounding soil in the process. Not many bulbs dislike lime but this lily is that does, very much. If only the site had been systematically dug over the cement lumps would have come to light; but to save time the garden had been planted in pockets, with the result that ?£3 worth of lily bulbs were ruined (this book was published in 1967, when £20 a week was a good wage).

Perennial weeds and soil contaminants may prove an endless source of trouble, so put the 'horse before the cart'; clean and prepare the ground FIRST and then plant afterwards, even if it means delaying planting for a year.

 

Well-drained Soils
All bulbs come rapidly into growth once they have been woken from the dormant stage. As we have seen, most of them ripen off and become dormant when their soil drires out in summer. In woods or pastures this caused, you will remember, by the blanketing effect from the foliage of trees sand shrubs or lush perennials. When the leaves fall in autumn, or the dense tussocks of grass and other vigourous perennials die off at the end of the season, the ground beneath becomes fully exp[osed to the eements. In warm climates the bare soil is simply dried out by the sun.

With the return of rains in autumn the soil becomes damp and the ripened bulbs quickly send out their thin, wire-like roots to tap the moisture, while competition is at a minimum.

Few bulbs, except narcissi of the tazetta group (from which 'Paperwhite' and similar forcing varieties have been derived) are swamp dwellers, and, although all need ample moisture in the winter or spring, this moisture must not be stagnant and contaminated.

It is also essential that bulbs should be able to root quickly and deeply, and they are best able to do in porous, friable soil. Most bulbs consrqienyly grow best in sandy soil.However, a severe spring drought when bulbs are in active growth may result in the comparatively delicate roots drying out. The sudden check in growth that invariably follows is particularly damaging to lilies and tulips, but all bulbs are more or less prone to sufer.

Consequently soil for bulbs must not only be porous but albe tp hold moisture reasonably well.

If your soil is clay it will be difficult to do more than prepare special pockets for the bulbs that need really free-draining, porous soil, and in clay it is therefore best to concentrate on the woodland type bulbs, such as narcissi, snowdrops and certain lilies, rather than on bulbous ieis, tulip species or certain miniature narcissi.

On the other hand, a light 'Surrey' sand (Perhaps this is the slightly acid sandy soil under the Greensand in Surrey) is ideal for these bulbs and for winter-blooming crocus and suchlike, but not very good for most narcissi, dog's-tooth violets, fritillaries or snowdrops. Nevertheless both sandy and clay soils give better results if an effort is made to bring them reasonably near to the gardener's ideal - the well-drained loam.

 

Clay Soils
To prepare clay you will need heaps of ashes or grit, peat, a spade, fork and barrow. Split the area to be planted into conveniently sized plots and trench these systematically. Start at one end of the plot and dig out a trench about 15-18 inches (37.5-45 cms) wide, to the depth of your spade's head. Put this first lot of soil into a barrow and carry it to the far end of the plot, ready to fill the final trench when you get to it.

aIMG0007preparationofaclaysoilhaes1

Then cover the exposed subsoil at the bottom of the first trench with weathered ashes, clinker, smashed bick, old turves (if free from buttercup or other big weeds), or lime-free rubble, to a depth of up to 4 inches (10 cms). Fork this layer into the subsoil, but do not tread down.

Next, spread a thick layer of garden peat over the rest of the plot. Then cover the peat with a layer of sharp grit (with the feel of demerara sugar). Do not use fine sea-sand, as this is limy and also too fine to open up clay soil. Rotted lawn mowings and leaf soil may also be spread over the plot. Fork the peat, sand mixture into the top few inches.

Then tackle the next 15-18 inch (37.5-45 cm) of the plot, by turning this spit of soil, with its 'icing' of peat and sand, into the first trench. Treat the second trench thus exposed in the same way as the first, and continue right across the plot, filling the last trench with the barrowed soil from the first dig.

While digging, be meticulous about picking out roots of perennial weeds, and rubble left either by the builders or the previous owners (one client was burgled and so when he added an extension; simply spread all the builders detritus in the 0.20 of an acre back garden and left it to its own devices - took me some months to clear).

If bulbs are to be planted, get this elaborate preparation done by the end of August so that planting is not delayed.

When the plot has been dug over, allow it to settle for a week or so, and then tread systematically to consolidate before planting (After digging, rake the ground level, raking off stones as you go. To firm up the surface, tread the ground on your heels, shuffling up and down in one direction, raking the ground again, then treading again at right angles to the first direction, before raking level again. The treading produces a firm surface.).

Never attempt to work clay when it is really wet.

If you have an unworked clay soil, this elaborate preparation will prove its worth over many years. If you can only manage to collect a certain amount of rubble, peat and sharp sand at a given time, concentrate on peparing the most important places and keep the rest of the garden under a cheap grass mixture, kept mown to about 0.5 inch (1.25 cm), until you have sufficient material to treat it thoroughly.

In an established garden on clay, new bulbs should have a good helping of peat and sand dug into their sites before planting (one of my clients had a back lawn on clay which squelched when it rained. I cut the grass very low and spread a light dressing of Top Dressing on top. I repeated this monthly twice more. This then converted the soil to a sandy soil and stopped it from squelching - see how soil is bound together from Soil Structure). This is one of the 8 problems for Houseowners and builders when the new home is surrounded by clay and how to solve them as shown on the right hand side of Case 3 - Drive Foundations in Clay Page.

 

Other Soils.
Sandy or chalky soils and loams need less preparation than clays. However, they should be systematically trenched (although the subsoil need not be opened up with rubble) as described. Also the lighter the soil, the more peat should you dig in. For a light sand, a layer 3 inches (7.5 cm) deep of moist peat over the whole plot is not too much. If it is not possible to buy sufficient peat for such large-scale application, at least lay a good thick layer over the actual site to be planted, and work this into the soil at the depth at which the bulbs are to be planted. Instead of using up peat, use Spent Mushroom Compost instead. This is 'a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together' which has been used to produce mushrooms and is now spent from that production, so it is thrown away - you recycle it and the material will no longer be wasted.

 

Chalky Soils.
Some soils are naturally limy. Fortunately tulips and iris of the reticulate group (Iris reticulata; Iris histrioides, Iris bakeriana, etc) grow particularly well in chalky soil. Many other kinds of bulbs are perfectly satisfactory in limy soil, especially if plenty of peat was dug in before they were planted (instead of peat, why not use leaf-mould?).

However, there are bulbs which are not worth trying to grow in limy soil - nor indoors if they have to be watered with hard tap water. The ones not worth trying in limy soil include the commoner liliies: Lilium auratum, Lillium canadense (and indeed virtually all lilies from North America), Lilium speciosum and Lillium tigrinum (the familiar tiger lily).

A number of the South Africans dislike much lime, an important point, because these include many bulbs ideal for growing under glass in pots.
The useful Nerine bowdenii is to some extent a lime-hater although it will grow over hard limestone.
Amaryllis belladonna is also doubtfully lime-tolerant, as are ixias, sparaxis, crinums, babianas, and all gladioli. However, with plenty of peat added to their compost, and a watering of Sequestrene occasionally, all these survive being watered with hard tap water or will grow well in slightly chalky soil.Tuberous begonias, too, are unhappy in limy soil.

The North American dog's-tooth violets (Erythronium revolutum and the others), Sternbergia lutea angustifolia and the quaint little Narcissus cyclamineus are also lime-haters. The spectacular tigridia is border-line. I have grown it in chalky soil satisfactorily, but some writers say it is a lime-hater.

 

Feeding for the Future
Most bulbs flower well in the season after they have been bought, because they have been grown by highly professional nurserymen under ideal conditions.

It is not difficult to keep a sound bulb in good condition for many seasons. The first requirement is a good porous, but moisture-holding soil. Sun-loving kinds, such as tulips and crocus, deteriorate unless planted in sunny parts of the garden where they may ripen properly, but most narcissi, lilies and other woodland bulbs keep blooming from year to year in partial or even total shade. All bulbs, however, need feeding from time to time, unless the soil is really fertile. They are best fed by means of slow-acting fertilizers.

The 2 ideal substances for feeding bulbs are hoof-and-horn meal and coarse, slow-acting bone meal. M about 1 part by weight of the first with 2 parts by weight of the other and sprinkle about a handful per square foot (12x12 inches = 1 square foot = 30 x 30 cms = 900 square centimetres = 0.09 sqare metres) of this mixture over the ground just before planting. If the soil is tacky and you are planting lilies, Mediterranean or South African bulbs, or delicate woodlanders, such as North American erythroniums, apply about a heaped trowelful of0.75 inch (18 mm) grade charcoal per square foot and work this in with the peat, sand and slow-acting plant foods. Charcoal is a soil sweetener, not a plant food, but I know of few more valuable substances for guarding against the rotting of sensitive plants.

Once bulbs are established they benefit from an annual top dressing of bone meal at about a handful (2 ounces) per square yard. If plants are inclined to grow lush in your particular soil, add a heaped teaspoonful of sulphate of potash to this mixture, and apply around the bulbs as soon as they aregrowing strongly above the soil. This top dreessing is recommende for bulbs in permanent positions. Where bulbs are bedded out for a season only, there is no need for a top dressing, provided that the planting mixture has been given.

Ihave not recommended chemical salts (except sulphate of potash) for feeding bulbs, because, unless these are applied by an experienced hand it is all too easy to damage the plants by giving too much."

 

"Bulbs (which are referred to as "true bulbs") grow in layers, much like an onion. At the very center of the bulb is a miniature version of the flower itself. Helping the bulb to stay together is something called a basil plate, which is that round and flat hairy thing (those are the beginnings of roots) on the bottom of the bulb. Bulbs reproduce by creating offsets. These little bulbs are attached to the larger bulb.

 

tunicatebulbuniversityofillinois1

 

Image via University of Illinois Extension Service

 

Corms look a lot like bulbs on the outside but they are quite different. They have the same type of protective covering and a basal plate like the bulb does, but do not grow in layers. Instead the corm is the actual base for the flower stem and has a solid texture. As the flower grows, the corm actually shrivels as the nutrients are used up. Essentially the corm dies, but it does produce new corms right next to or above the dead corm, which is why the flowers come back year after year. Depending on the type of flower, it may take a couple years to reach blooming size.

 

 

 gladioluscormuniversityofillinois1

Image via University of Illinois Extension Services

 

So a corm is a swollen stem base that is solid stem tissue rather than layers (the modified leaves)." from the Butterfly Jungle.

------------------

"Bulbs have a tendency to die out unless lifted every other year, the divisions
separated and planted out to maintain vigor. My plants eventually died out from
neglect, but bulbs are freely available wherever large selection of Holland bulbs
 are sold in the autumn." from PlantBuzz - Plantbuzz.com is the starting point to Mark McDonough's eclectic horticultural musings and illustrated plant studies on the web.  From here, you can access several areas of horticultural study that monopolized my attention over the past 30 years.  The section for which I have greatest ambition is Allium Central, the goal being the most complete resource on the web dedicated to the genus Allium.  With similar scarcity of on-line information as Allium, the hardy hibiscus are a wonderful group of woody shrubs and herbaceous perennials worthy of greater prominence in gardens and literature.  Visit the Hardy Hibiscus Home to learn more about these late blooming plants, and to access pertinent links.   To round out the miscellany of horticultural topics, Cleome Studies provides links and information on this large genus of showy annual plants, for which only a few species are known and grown.  And last, there is the Rock Gardening page, a miscellany unto itself, exploring any and all alpine, rock garden, and woodland plants that interest me.

 

A bulb is an under ground storage organ consisting of a series of scales attached to a basal plate ,such as tulip , allium ,lily.

A corm is a solid tissue mass with specific points for growth nodes and roots, such as gladiolus, crocus.

A tuber is and underground stem capable of producing buds and roots, such as begonia or calla.

A rhizome is a swollen root modified to be come a storage organ and capable of the same, eremurus, lily of the valley,aconitum.

They are in general called "bulbs". They are underground storage organs developed to overcome adverse climate conditions and capable of producing above ground plants at certain times and survive mostly by division.

 

DDD Foundation
The Dig Drop Done Foundation was founded to promote the joy of bulb gardening and ensure its future in North America. This diverse and committed group of companies has devoted its time, knowledge and financial support to educating consumers on the simple, surprising beauty that flowering bulbs bring to our lives.

 

Being a National Trust Member, I travelled to Sissinghurst Castle Garden on Thursday 12 April 2018, in order to take photos of the plants in the garden -

  • the layout and plants in the cutting garden whose flowers would be used to create flower arrangements,
  • the bulbs in flower like the daffodils in the orchard, the lime walk and the pots scattered through the garden
  • the prepared birch supports for the roses and
  • the emerging plants like the peonies

 

I took photos in the cutting garden, which is open each Thursday.

 

The orchard was still shut down to visitors due to the effects of rain. The daffodil season is not long. Knowing that the visitor numbers of 2 a day might do too much damage to the ryegrass in that orchard and the turf elsewhere, perhaps the National Trust could put out another appeal to bolster their miniscule budget to use Grass Reinforement Plastic Mesh on all their turfed areas - the following is one company:-

"Suregreen Ltd provide a range of GR11 and GR14 grass reinforcement plastic mesh. Plastic mesh is ideal to reinforce grass as it can be fixed to the ground, and when the grass grows, the roots and sward of the grass intertwine with the mesh filaments to create a strong, stable, protected and reinforced grass surface. Suitable for areas that get worn, rutted and become muddy by excess traffic (cars, vans, people, trucks). Suregreen offer two products, a turf reinforcement mesh for occasional frequent traffic and grass reinforcement mesh for more regular and heavier traffic".
Then, providing it was a tornado with 4 inches of rain falling per hour, the visitors could either walk or swim along the draining streams to see the plants.

Many of the spring bulbs were in flower in the Lime Walk, but were unidentified. A piece of paper was available to state the names of the bulbs in the pots scattered throughout the garden and where the pots were. The flowering bulbs in the remainder of the garden were also unidentified.

 

The prepared supports could then educate you in informing you how to support your own roses and other climbers.

 

The emerging foliage was great to see as long as it had a label with it.

 

A new bed had been created beyond the Lime Walk with new plants and mulched with bark and a new bark path, but with no plant labels.

 

When one inspected the labelling in the remainder of the beds which were bounded by paths ( the others bounded by lawns were roped off due to the rain); one found broken plant labels and more than 30% of the plants unlabelled.

 

When I spoke to 1 of the gardeners, I was informed that visitors steal the labels and that they were in discussion as to whether they would label any of the plants in the future.

 

Now, this is a famous GARDEN with PLANTS in it that visitors come to see and you have a plant shop that sells plants grown and shown in the garden. IF you have no labels on the plants in the garden, how do you expect your visitors to know what to ask for when they do not know the name?

A possible solution is that you replace all the plant labels with a label with a bed identity followed by a plant number starting with 1.
There will also be 1 notice per bed stating the following - If a plant label is missing, then this complete section will become unavailable for visitors for a week.

A ringbinder book with 2 pages facing each other will be produced for sale to the public. The plan of a bed with the permanent planting will be on the left and the bedding or changed permanent planting will be on the right. The Book will be updated to the next version in October each year. An Appendix with the Bedding and changed permanent planting will be produced in June for buyers of the ring-binder to change the relevant pages.

Since the gardener specified that most people are not interested in the names of the plants and just simply enjoy the garden, then for those who wish to use the garden for what it was designed for when first opened to the public, then the public can learn and start to copy better practice and be able to see the name of the plant they like in the garden before the possibility of buying it in the shop. This would hopefully upgrade the handwritten scribbles on paper plans and one would hope that a valid history of each of the plants in the garden could be produced to aid the cultivation of the same by the public when it is released.

Otherwise, what is the garden for and why do the gardeners and volunteers work there? Simply to provide employment?

 

I have indicated what I think is wrong with the labelling system at Wisley including the Trade Name (Retail Name) label for roses in the a large Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden and the fact that being 6 inches away from a plant in the Alpine House, then you still cannot read that alpine's plant label. Why do we have people who put plant labels in 7 rows in a public garden in the Spring and then the tulips grow and hide those plant labels from Rows 2 to 7? Then in July; the public are asked to choose which tulip they prefer (Each Tulip occupies an area 36 x 36 inches - 90 x 90 cms - with a 6 inch - 15 cm - gap between each tulip area). Do the designer's never look at the result? I suppose as a member of the British Public, we have learnt to withstand being treated like 3 month old babies - being sold a tumble dryer - designed and made by people from Germany - that if the condensed water does in fact clean the condenser, then you will need to buy another since you cannot get to the matchbox-sized waste in the water trap and that stops the machine from working causing £200 bills from the maintenance engineer - with the British Stiff Upper Lip. Once you need another machine, you can still go to the shops and buy the same design fault again!!!

That is why a 1 year course for students at Wisley is so crass - they do not provide a history of what has happened with the work that they have done, so that they cannot correct it the next year; and then also not correct their pruning technique to what should be done to buddlejas rather than haircutting them? The students should also question the plant labelling system and if they cannot find an answer, then consult the American Universities who perhaps found the answer back in 1872. Since I am as thick as 2 short planks, I do not realise that foreigners might be more intelligent than us superior British idiots.

 

I wonder what would happen if members only attended these gardens of The National Trust or The Royal Horticultural Society, brought their own water with bread/dripping and no money or credit cards for the shops/cafes/restaurants, until all plant areas were properly labelled or some other non-electronic method (for ancients like me; who do not have laptops, tablets or mobile phones with the internet on them with them) like the ring-binder above was adopted at all the garden properties of that organisation?

Perhaps on my birthday of 7 August.

 

I visited The Salutation - The Secret Gardens of Sandwich in April 2018.
Some of the plants were labelled, some had the nursery/retailers white thin labels on and others with no label. When I suggested to the reception/ticket office staff about having the above ring-binder book idea, they suggested I talk to the gardeners. When I talked to the gardeners, they did point out that a visitor had tramped over a bed to its back, taken off a label and then asked them if they had that plant for sale. It was pointed out to me that they were very busy at maintaining and improving the garden, providing day-long courses including lunch to the public and attending Chelsea, so they would be too busy to create such a document - besides which some of the beds could be completely changed each year.
It is a shame that gardens open to the public fail to link with the education system to aid the learning for tomorrow's students, or to help the older generation in creating their own gardens. The students could also see what changes had occurred each year, with perhaps why stated in the same ring-binders.
They had compiled an impressive compost heap - I wonder if they have, are or will use it? I have to admit that when I had either mulched a client's garden with spent mushroom compost or shreddings from it's prunings and grass mowings, that hoeing or weeding time to keep it weed-free was vastly reduced; but who am I to preach to modern gardener's expertise, when all I do is what used to be done by gardeners before the Second World War?
White labels on black backgrounds could be read at the path edge, but not at the back of the border and nor could the white thin plastic labels hanging down from their support.
One must admire the work carried out in the several acres of the garden and the beauty of the plants.
A miniscule number of visitors like myself want to know the name of the plant they like before locating it in the garden's plant shop at the end of the visit - tramping over the bed to locate the name is not beneficial to the other plants.

 

Currently in August 2023, I have given up looking at Royal Horticultural Gardens or National Trust Gardens, because what am I going to gain by it except see collections of unidentified flowers, with no relation to when the original owner did their design and is shown in their book for sale; but which bears little relationship to the current state of the garden. So I have given up on the RHS, since I expected them to at least do - for instance the pruning of the shrubs and climbers in their gardens according to their own pruning guides; the red secateurs flying through the sky remind me about pigs flying.

 

A list which gives the meanings of many flowers and foliage that can be used to create special symbolic meanings on your wedding day.

 

Now, if you want a low maintenance garden, where you could relax with a cup of Green Tea without the harmful effects of caffeine, whilst cavorting with your pet rabbits, then:-

 

Of course, it might be better to build an Alpine House, then:-

  • Put the Rabbit hutches on the floor with ramps up to the shelf above, where pots of plants are sunk into a drawer of sand area.
  • The shelf on the other side is where those pots get planted with seeds and then transferred to the rabbit run shelf on the other side when ready for the rabbits; after the rabbit run side by the armchair has been lifted out and placed on the floor.
  • An armchair at one end is where you can recline and make your green tea on the propagating shelf. You can then unlatch the rabbit run door to retrieve your pet rabbits.

This could be used by wheelchair users, retired people in retirement homes and those recuperating from illness or accident.
For those who could not reach the rabbit hutchs or the compost for the pots from the floor, then these items could be put on the rabbit run shelf and propagating shelf respectively.

UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given.

Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly.
 

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in
A Butterfly Book for the Pocket by Edmund Sandars.
Published by Oxford University Press London: Humphrey Milford in 1939.
 

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Alder Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June
28 days.
12 days.

Aspen

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May
9 days in June.

Black Medic

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

Late August-April
April-June
1 Month

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Borage

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Bramble

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn

Holly Blue

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---


 

7 days.


28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn -
Alder Buckthorn and Common Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.

28 days.
12 days.

Burdocks

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed

Large White
 

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days.
30-32 days
14 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till April

Cabbages

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Hedge-Mustard,
Garlic-Mustard,
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress

Green-veined White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis


 

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---


 

July or August; hatches in 3 days.
16 days.
14 days in July or for caterpillars of August, they overwinter till May.

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Creeping Yellow-cress,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Dame's Violet,
Hedge-Mustard,
Horseradish,
Garlic-Mustard,
Lady's Smock,
Large Bittercress,
Rock-cress (Common Winter-Cress),
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress,
Wild Turnip

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Cherry with
Wild Cherry,
Morello Cherry and
Bird Cherry

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Cocksfoot is a grass

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---


11 Months
3 weeks from May

Cow-wheat

(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in June.

Currants
(Red Currant,
Black Currant and Gooseberry)

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Devilsbit Scabious

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 15 days in May-June.
July-May.



9 days in June.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April



April-June.

Dogwood

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Elm and Wych Elm

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome)

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

...
11 Months
3 weeks from May

Foxglove

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Fyfield Pea

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Garden Pansy

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.
Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April


April-June.

Gorse

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Hogs's Fennel

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May.

Holly

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Honesty
(Lunaria biennis)

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Honeysuckle

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Hop

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue




Chalk-Hill Blue


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

---

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.


Eats leaves.

---

1 then
June-March or September to July
3 weeks.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month

8-10 days in Late May-June or Middle August-September
June-July or September to October
8-15 days

Ivy

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Kidney Vetch

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis
Butterfly

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---
Eats nectar.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month
20 days

Lucerne

Pale Clouded Yellow



Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis


Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.



1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mallows

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Melilot

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mignonettes

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Milk Parsley

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September


September-May

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in June.

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in April-May.

Nasturtium from Gardens

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days.
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Oak Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Mountain pansy,
Seaside Pansy,
Field Pansy and Cultivated Pansy.
 

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

 

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves of borage, sainfoin and heartsease, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September
 

3 weeks in September

Pine Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk.
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Plantains

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Poplar

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Restharrow

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Rock-rose

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Sainfoin

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September

3 weeks in September

Common Sallow (Willows, Osiers)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Sea Plantain

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in April-May.

Snowberry

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---
 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Spindle-tree

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Stinging Nettle

Comma




Painted Lady



Peacock

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Dense mass of 450-500 eggs on the under side of leaves over a 2 hour period.
Eats leaves, and moves to another plant before pupating.
---






2 weeks in June.
7-11 days.
7-11 days.

14 days in April-May.


28 days.

13days.

Storksbill

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Thistles

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Vetches

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Vetches

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet

Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

Dark Green Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk.
Hibernates where it hatches.
Eats leaves.

Base of food plant.

July-August for 17 days.

Spends winter on plant until end of March. Eats leaves until end of May.
4 weeks.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet

Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

High Brown Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base.
Feed on young leaves, stalks and stems
---

July to hatch in 8 months in March.
9 weeks ending in May.

4 weeks

Vipers Bugloss

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks.
7-11days.
7-11 days

Whitebeam
(White Beam)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wild Angelica

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May

Willow
(Bay Willow)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wood-Sage

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

 

Plants used by the Butterflies

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Asters
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

 

Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Aubretia in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Birch

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Wood White

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days.


May-June.

30 days in May-June.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Bluebell

Holly Blue




Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.


June.



June-August.

Bramble

Comma

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

7 weeks in July-August.



June-August

Buddleias
in gardens

Comma

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May

Bugle

Wood White

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June.



June-August.



June-July.

Cabbage and cabbages in fields

Large White


Small White


Green-veined White

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September.

A Month during May-June or second flight in late July-August.

May-June for 18 days.

Charlock

Painted Lady

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Painted Lady

Peacock

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


July-October.

July-May.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow


Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-September.

Cow-wheat
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock)

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Dandelion

Holly Blue



Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

30 days in May-June.

Fleabanes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Greater Knapweed

Comma

Peacock

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months

Hawkbit

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

30 days in May-June.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-September

Hedge Parsley

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

May-June for 18 days.

Hemp agrimony

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month.

20 days

Ivy

Painted Lady

Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

Hibernates during winter months in its foliage.

July-October.

October-July

Lucerne

Painted Lady

Large White


Small White


Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marigolds in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marjoram

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Common Blue

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September.

20 days in August.


3 weeks in May-September.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Michaelmas Daisies
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Mignonettes

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Nasturtiums in gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September

March-May or June-September

Oak Tree

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Primroses

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Ragged Robin

Wood White

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June-July.

Scabious

Painted Lady

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

July-May

Sedum

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-May

Teasels

Silver-washed Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

7 weeks in July-August.

Thistles -
Creeping Thistle, Dwarf Thistle, Marsh Thistle, Meadow Thistle, Melancholy Thistle, Milk Thistle,
Musk Thistle, Seaside Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Spear Thistle, Tuberous Thistle, Welted Thistle, Woolly Thistle

Comma

Painted Lady

Peacock

Swallowtail

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Dark Green Fritillary

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-October.

July-May.

May-July.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months.

7 weeks in July-August



June-August.


July-August for 6 weeks.


May-September.



June-August.

Thymes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

 

Eats nectar.
 

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


June-July

Vetches

Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days in August.


June-July.

Violets

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Wood-Sage

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

April-May

Rotten Fruit

Peacock

Butterfly

Drinks juice

July-September

Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar

Large Tortoiseshell

Butterfly

Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April.

10 months in June-April

Wild Flowers

Large Skipper

Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary.

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

June-August


12 months.

7 weeks in July-August.



May-September

Links to the other Butterflies:-

Black Hairstreak
Brown Hairstreak
Camberwell Beauty
Chequered Skipper
Dingy Skipper
Duke of Burgundy
Essex Skipper
Gatekeeper
Grayling
Green Hairstreak
Grizzled Skipper
Hedge Brown
Large Blue
Large Heath
Long-tailed Blue
Lulworth Skipper
Marbled White
Mazarine Blue
Meadow Brown
Monarch
Northern Brown Argus
Purple Emperor
Purple Hairstreak
Red Admiral
Ringlet
Scotch Argus
Short-tailed Blue
Silver-spotted Skipper
Silver-studded Blue
Small Copper
Small Heath
Small Mountain Ringlet
Small Skipper
Small Tortoiseshell
Speckled Wood
Wall Brown
White Admiral
White-letter Hairstreak

Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery.

Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND.
Please leave a small area in your garden for wildflowers to grow without disturbance throughout the year for the benefit of butterflies, moths and other wildlife who are dependant on them.

Butterfly
Usage of Plants
by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly

Wild Flower Family Page

(the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956

They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family.
These families within that book will have their details described in alphabetical order for both the family name and its plants.

The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield,
T.G. Tutin of University College, Leicester and
E.F. Warburg of University of Oxford. Printed by Cambridge at the University Press in 1952 for each plant in all the families)

 

When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, the wildlife in public parks is destroyed as is done in every managed park in the world.
Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school.

 

 

THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:-
"Of the original 186 flowering species (including sub-species), the 5 colour forms and the 8 unconfirmed species, (193 flowering species in total) only 55 have persisted throughout the 35 years of flailing since 1972. Of these 55 species:-
3 species are unchanged.
11 species have disastrously increased.
41 species are seriously reduced in number, most by over 90%. Of these, 18 are now increasing under the somewhat lighter flailing regime. 13 are still decreasing, and 35 have only a few specimens (from 1-12 plants) left.
Of the rest of the original species:-
37 species and 3 colour forms have disappeared, then reappeared after varying lengths of time. Of these, 20 have fewer than 6 plants, most of them only 1 or 2, and are liable to disappear again. Only 6 of the recovered species look capable of surviving in the longer term.
23 species have reappeared, then disappeared again due to being flailed before they could set seed or to being overcome by rank weeds.
Only 3 species have reappeared for a second time, and one of these has since disappeared for the third time.
68 species and 2 colour forms disappeared and have never reappeared to date (2008).
Of the 83 flowering species (excluding 11 rampant species) and 3 colour forms now present in the survey mile, around 50 are unlikely to survive there in the long term, certainly not in viable numbers, if flailing continues.
Unless the degradation of habitat, high fertility and spread of ivy and other rampant weeds can be reversed, it appears highly unlikely that more than a dozen or so of the lost floral species can ever safely return or be re-introduced.
The only birds sighted more than once so far this year along the mile have been magpie, rook, crow and buzzard, and a swallow (probably the same one each time) hunting between the hedges now and then at the sheltered eastern end of the mile. One wren heard June 21st, one blackbird seen June 27th (these also at the eastern end) and one greenfinch today July 31st. On this hot sunny high-summer day counted only 7 hedge brown butterflies (6 of them males), one red admiral and one large white. Half a dozen small bumblebees, two carder bees, half a dozen hoverflies of two common Eristalis species, one flesh fly, one scorpion fly and one dragonfly, Cordulegaster boltonii, not hunting, zooming straight down the road and disappearing into the distance.
Only 8 butterfly species so far this year, and only one specimen each of five of them (red admiral, speckled wood, large white, ringlet and large skipper, the latter seen only once since 1976). Only small white, hedge brown and speckled wood have managed to appear every year since the flail arrived.
For some years I have been noticing very small specimens particularly of hedge brown and speckled wood. This year nearly all the hedge browns seen in the mile ('all' being a dozen or so in total) are of this stunted size, some of the males appearing really tiny. I am wondering if this might be a response to general environmental stress, or due to inbreeding as flail-reduced numbers are so low. The hedge brown does not fly far from its hatching place so mating opportunity is now extremely limited. With the few species of insects now seen in the hedges there seems to be a high proportion of males to females, at least five to one.
So far this year only a single moth has come to the house lights. It was a Drinker, and it killed itself against the bulb before it could be saved.
September 21st. Most of the survey mile closely flailed today along both sides of the road.

End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
Times and attitudes have changed since the days when the flail first appeared on the scene. The plight of our once-so-diverse wildlife is officially recognised as a priority; agricultural grants may embrace conservation measures, and perhaps economic strictures will tend more to a live-and-let-live policy in future with less of the expensive, pointless and desecrating "tidying-up". We now have an enthusiastic generation keen to help nature recover its diversity, but often unsure as to how this is best achieved. [Please see CHL "Restoring Biodiversity in Cornish Hedges"] 21st September 2007.
There is still widespread ignorance of the effects of such destructive machinery as the flail-mower and other rotary trimmers and strimmers. Few people but the elderly now remember or understand the life that ought to be abundant in the everyday hedges, verges, field margins and waste places. The simple remedy of returning to the clean-cutting finger-bar scythe used in late winter, trimming alternate sides of the hedge in different years, not trimming green herbaceous growth and leaving the cut material (mainly dead stems and twigs) on or near the hedge, is largely unrealised. This wildlife-friendly type of trimmer is still available from some suppliers.
Cornwall County Council has changed from being (in this instance) the chief offender to employing said-to-be environmentally-aware officers concerned with reconciling conservation and development. In recent years the council has issued instructional leaflets about hedges and their wildlife, including one entitled Cornish Roadside Hedge Management (since altered, perhaps not entirely for the better). This leaflet largely embodied the principles that our petition of 1985 asked for. Ironically, it is no longer the council's employees who are carrying out the work. Although this advice is now available, it does not necessarily reach the farmers and contractors out on the job. The flails are still in destructive action at any time from June onwards, though on the whole the work does seem to be being done later rather than sooner. Some farmers are now correctly leaving it until January and early February, a good time to allot to road work while other farm jobs may have to wait for drier weather. Most farmers, despite the bad publicity they tend to suffer, truly wish to do the best they can for their wildlife. Sadly for all, the flail is still the universally-available tool.
Those ignorant of the flail's real effects may imagine that 'sensitive' use of it is all right, as some common plant and insect species return temporarily and a few others increase when the work is switched to the less damaging time of year and done lightly. In the longer term, this is delusive; even in winter an unacceptable number of individuals are killed at every flailing and the habitat still inexorably degrades. No matter how or when or how seldom the flail is used, species continue to die out.
Until naturalists and environmentalists understand the catastrophic and cumulative effects of the flail they will continue to say they don't know why, despite all well-intentioned efforts, the numbers and diversity of wild flowers, songbirds, bats, butterflies, moths and bumblebees are still falling.
Nature lovers have to stop thinking mainly in terms of schemes to benefit a handful of charismatic species at special sites, and start looking at what the flail and other rotary mowers have done to thousands upon thousands of acres of the British countryside and billions upon billions of its most essential, ordinary inhabitants. It has struck at the major heart of the core existence of our native species, slaughtering them wholesale in that very sanctuary of the hedges and verges. These species had already mostly gone from the rest of the local area; the hedges where they had all taken refuge were their last resort. The remnants of species and their precarious survivors are still being wiped out, smashed to death every time the flail is used. It is the utterly wrong tool for the job and it has to be scrapped.
A brand-new flail-mower operating in February 2008. Right time of year for trimming, wrong kind of trimmer. As long as it is manufactured and turned out into the roads and fields the flail will decimate wild flowers, massacre the small creatures remaining in the hedges and verges, destroy their habitat and ruin the ancient structure of Cornwall's hedges.
Since the last yellowhammer flew across the road in 1980, I have never seen another while walking the survey mile. Since the last grasshopper in July 1981, I have never seen or heard another in these hedges. Since all the other species this diary recorded absent disappeared, they have not been seen again except in the few instances stated in the text. Most of the remaining species are declining. Fewer than half of them are likely to survive in the longer term if present trends continue. The long-vanished flowering species are likely never to return, as repeated flailing before seeding has exhausted their dormant seed stocks. The survey mile is typically representative of a majority of Cornish roadside hedges.
The photographs - in the pdf in their website - illustrating many of the flowering species lost were not taken in the survey hedge,for the obvious reason that they were no longer there. Most were taken in the house's wild garden adjoining, while those that did not grow there were obtained only with extreme difficulty, by searching all over West Penwith in a roughly thirty-mile radius for un-flailed pockets of survival. Along the roadside hedges, in this whole distance I found just one or two plants or patches of only a few of the species sought - common toadflax, field scabious, tufted vetch, scentless mayweed, red clover, self-heal - species that before the flail were so commonly seen along the whole length of hundreds of hedges in West Cornwall, now growing only where for some unusual reason of situation the flail had missed.
Some of the photographs of invertebrate species killed out by the flail in the survey mile were taken in the garden adjoining, where, despite nurturing since pre-flail days, the majority have now disappeared due to over-predation. In the survey mile this year, for the first time since 1992, the hedges remained un-flailed throughout the summer, giving a few common invertebrates the chance to reappear. No adult moth is illustrated because only half a dozen individuals were seen during the whole summer season of 2007, unfortunately at moments when the camera was not in my hand or they were fluttering out of reach. The drinker caterpillar alone was found posing beautifully and goes down to posterity as the only visible surviving moth larva noted in the survey mile this year, illustrating the millions of his kind killed by the flail.
Along this one typical mile of Cornish lane alone my records show that the flail has been the outright death or caused the persisting non-appearance of

  • 90 flowering herbaceous species,
  • 5 shrub species,
  • 20 grass species,
  • 60 moss species,
  • 40 bird species,
  • 23 butterfly species,
  • 250 larger moth species,
  • many scores of other invertebrate species, and untold thousands of individuals.
  • It has condemned the hedge itself to a long-term, silent, living death, wrecked its antique stone construction and destroyed its great beauty. Along the whole of the estimated 30,000 miles of Cornish hedges the deaths of individual plants and creatures from flail-battering and the loss of their generations represent truly astronomical figures. The degradation of habitat resulting from flailing prevents revival in most species even where a few individuals manage to escape the physical impact of the flails. Although the effect in Cornwall with its solid hedge-banks and their more complex ecology may be worse than with the English hedgerow, the flail-induced wildlife crisis is nation-wide - and still almost universally unrecognised or unacknowledged.
  • There is no hope of recovery for our countryside wildlife until the flail type of machine is consigned to the black museum of history. To achieve this it will probably have to be banned by law.
  • The finger-bar scythe has to be reinstated and any trimming (except where needed for road-junction or access visibility) must be carried out in winter, the later the better between November 1st and February 28th. Trimming must take away the woody scrub growth on the sides of the hedge, leaving the herbaceous growth on the sides and the bushes on the top untouched. Only then can the flail-ruined hedges and verges begin to see a real return to some kind of healthy and abundant life."

CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
"This check-list is a simple guide to the herbaceous plants typically indicating different habitat types found in the Cornish hedge. The short lists are of typical plants, not complete species lists for the habitat. Many of the plants in the Typical Hedge list also appear in the other types of hedge. Areas of intermediate population where location or physical conditions begin to change and habitats overlap are not included.
Hedge Type:-

  • Typical Cornish Hedge (woodland-edge/ heathland mixture)
  • Coastal Hedge
  • Moorland/ Heathland Hedges
  • Woodland Hedge
  • Wet Hedge (marsh or ditch)
  • Stone Hedge (Earth capping but with stone core)
  • Typical garden escapes in Cornish Hedges
  • Typical species rampant in flail-damaged hedges

Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-

  • Advice for Working on Roadside Hedges
  • Building Hedges in Cornwall
  • Building Turf Hedges
  • Building and Repairing Cornish Stone Stiles
  • Butterflies, Moths and Other Insects in Cornish Hedges
  • Check-list for Inspecting New or Restored Hedges in Cornwall
  • Check-list of Types of Cornish Hedge Flora
  • Code of Good Practice for Cornish Hedges
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (1st Edition)
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (2nd Edition)
  • Cornish Hedges in Gardens
  • Cornish Hedges on Development and Housing Sites
  • Gates and Gateways in Cornish hedges
  • Geology and Hedges in Cornwall
  • Glossary of some Cornish Words used in the Countryside
  • Hedges in the Cornish Landscape
  • How to Look After a Cornish Hedge
  • How Old is That Cornish Hedge?
  • Literature Sources
  • Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (450AD - 1550)
  • Modern Hedges in Cornwall (1840 - present day)
  • Mosses, Lichens, Fungi and Ferns in Cornish Hedges
  • Pipe-laying and Other Cross-country Works Involving Hedges
  • Post-Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (1550 - 1840)
  • Prehistoric Hedges in Cornwall (5,000BC - 450AD)
  • Repairing Cornish Hedges and Stone Hedges
  • Repairing Turf Hedges
  • Risk Assessment Guidance for working on Cornish Hedges
  • Roadside Hedges and Verges in Cornwall
  • The Curse of Rabbits in Cornish Hedges
  • The Life and Death of a Flailed Cornish Hedge
  • Trees on Hedges in Cornwall
  • Unusual Old Features in Cornish Hedges
  • Who Owns that Cornish Hedge?
  • Wildlife and the Cornish Hedge

THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges."
 

BULB FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES


BULB INDEX
link to Bulb Description Page or
link to Page in 4000 x 3000 pixel Raw Camera Photo Gallery or
link to Page in 1000 Ground-cover Plants or
link to Page in Infill Galleries:-
 

lessershapemeadowrue2a1a1a1a2

alliumcflohaireasytogrowbulbs1a1b

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a14c2a1a2

irisflotpseudacorus1a1b

aethionemacfloarmenumfoord1a1b

anemonecflo1hybridafoord1a1b

anemonecflo1blandafoord1a1b

Number of Flower Petals

Petal-less

1

2

3

4

5

Above 5

 

anthericumcfloliliagofoord1a1a2

alliumcflo1roseumrvroger1a1b

geraniumflocineremuballerina1a1a1a1a1a2

paeoniamlokosewitschiiflot1a1a2

paeoniaveitchiiwoodwardiiflot1a1b

acantholinumcflop99glumaceumfoord1a2

stachysflotmacrantha1a1a2

Flower Shape - Simple

Stars with Single Flowers

Bowls

Cups and Saucers

Globes

Goblets and Chalices

Trumpets

Funnels

 

digitalismertonensiscflorvroger1a1b

fuchsiaflotcalicehoffman1a1a2

ericacarneacflosspringwoodwhitedeeproot1a1a1b

phloxflotsubulatatemiskaming1a1a2

 

 

 

Flower Shape - Simple

Bells

Thimbles

Urns

Salverform

 

 

 

 

prunellaflotgrandiflora1a1b

aquilegiacfloformosafoord1a1b

acanthusspinosuscflocoblands1a1b

lathyrusflotvernus1a1b

anemonecflo1coronariastbrigidgeetee1a1b

echinaceacflo1purpurealustrehybridsgarnonswilliams1a1b

centaureacfloatropurpureakavanagh1a1b

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Tubes, Lips and Straps

Slippers, Spurs and Lockets

Hats, Hoods and Helmets

Stan-dards, Wings and Keels

Discs and Florets

Pin-Cushions

Tufts and Petal-less Cluster

 

androsacecforyargongensiskevock1a1b

androsacecflorigidakevock1a1b

argyranthemumflotcmadeiracrestedyellow1a1b

armeriacflomaritimakevock1a1b

anemonecflonemerosaalbaplenarvroger1a1b

 

 

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Cushion

Umbel

Buttons with Double Flowers

Pompoms

Stars with Semi-Double Flowers

 

 

 

bergeniamorningredcforcoblands1a1a2

ajugacfloreptansatropurpurea1a1b

lamiumflotorvala2a1a2

astilbepurplelancecflokevock1a1a2

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a1433a1a1a1a2

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a1434a1a1a1a2

androsacecfor1albanakevock1a1b

Natural Arrange-ments

Bunches, Posies and Sprays (Group)

Columns, Spikes and Spires

Whorls, Tiers and Cande-labra

Plumes and Tails

Chains and Tassels

Clouds, Garlands and Cascades

Sphere, Dome (Clusters), Drumstick and Plate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FURTHER BULB FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES


Bulbs - a complete handbook of bulbs, corms and tubers by Roy Genders. Published in 1973 by Robert Hale & Company.
Contents

History, Culture and Characteristics

  • Early History
  • Botanical Characteristics of Bulbs, Corms and Tubers
  • Propagation
  • Bulbs in the Woodland Garden
  • Bulbs in Short Grass is detailed in Ivydene Gardens Bulb, Corm, Rhizome and Tuber Gallery Site Map
  • Bulbs in the Shrubbery
  • Spring Bedding
  • Summer Bedding
  • A border of bulbs
  • Bulbs for the alpine garden
  • Bulbs for trough garden and window box-
  • Bulbs for alpine house and frame
  • Bulbs in the home
  • Scent in bulbs
  • Diseases and pests of bulbs and corms

Alphabetical Guide - Pages 154-543 provides an Alphabetical Guide to these bulbs, with each genus having a description with details of culture, propagation and details of each of its species and varieties:-
"Cardiocrinum (Liliaceae)
A genus of three species, native of the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which at one time were included in the genus Lilium. They differ in that their bulbs have few scales, while the seed capsules are toothed. They are plants of dense woodlands of Assam and Yunnan, where the rainfall is the highest in the world and they grow best in shade and in a moist humus-laden soil. The basal leaves are cordate, bright-green and glossy; the flowers trumpet-like with reflexed segments. They are borne in umbels of 10 to 20 on stems 10 to 12 ft (120-144 inches, 300 to 360 centimetres) tall. In their native land they are found growing with magnolias and rhododendrons.
Culture
The bulbs are dark green and as large as a hockey ball. Plant 24 (60) apart early in spring, away from a frost pocket, and with the top part exposed. Three bulbs planted together in a spinney or in a woodland clearing will present a magnificent site when in bloom. They require protection from the heat of summer and a cool root run; they are also gross feeders so the soil should be enriched with decayed manure and should contain a large amount of peat or leaf-mould. The bulbs will begin to grow in the warmth of spring, and by early June the flower stems will have attained a height of 96 (240) or more and will be bright green with a few scattered leaves. The basal leaves will measure 10 (25) wide, like those of the arum. The flowers appear in July and last only a few days to be replaced by attractive large seed pods, while the handsome basal leaves remain green until the autumn. The flower stems are hollow.
Propagation
After flowering and the dying back of the leaves, the bulb also dies. Early in November it should be dug up, when it will be seen that three to 5 small bulbs are clustered around it. These are replanted 24 (60) apart with the nose exposed and into soil that has been deeply worked and enriched with leaf mould and decayed manure. They will take two years to bear bloom, but if several are planted each year there will always be some at the flowering stage. To protect them from frost, the newly planted bulbs should be given a deep mulch either of decayed leaves or peat shortly after planting, while additional protection may be given by placing fronds of bracken or hurdles over the mulch.
Plants may be raised from seed sown in a frame in a sandy compost or in boxes in a greenhouse. If the seed is sown in September when harvested, it will germinare in April. In autumn the seedlings will be ready to transplant into a frame or into boxes, spacing them 3 (7.5) apart. They need moisture while growing but very little during winter when dormant. In June they will be ready to move to their flowering quarters such as a clearing in a woodland where the ground has been cleaned of perennial weeds and fortified with humus and plant food. Plant 24 (60) apart and protect the young plants until established with low boards erected around them. They will bloom in about eight years from sowing time.
Species
Cardiocrinum cathayanum. Native of western and central China, it will grow 36-48 (90-120) tall and halfway up the stem produces a cluster of oblong leaves. The funnel-shaped flowers are borne three to five to each stem and appear in an umbel at the top. They are white or cream, shaded with green and spotted with brown and appear early in July. The plant requires similar conditions to Cardiocrinum giganteum and behaves in like manner.
Cardiocrinum cordatum. Native of Japan, it resembles Cardiocrinum giganteum with its heart-shaped basal leaves, which grow from the scales of the greenish-white bulb and which, like those of the paeony (with which it may be planted), first appear bronzey-red before turning green. The flowers are produced horizontally in sixes or eights at the end of a 72 (180) stem and are ivory-white shaded green on the outside, yellow in the throat and spotted with purple. They are deliciously scented.
Cardiocrinum giganteum. Native of Assam and the eastern Himalayas where it was found by Dr Wallich in 1816 in the rain-saturated forests. It was first raised from seed and distributed by the Botanical Gardens of Dublin, and first flowered in the British Isles at Edinburgh in 1852. Under conditions it enjoys, it will send up its hollow green stems (which continue to grow until autumn) to a height of 120-144 (300-360), each with as many as 10 to 20 or more funnel-shaped blooms 6 (15) long. The flowers are white, shaded green on the outside and reddish-purple in the throat. Their scent is such that when the air is calm the plants may be detected from a distance of 100 yards = 3600 inches = 9000 centimetres. Especially is their fragrance most pronounced at night. The flowers droop downwards and are at their best during July and August. The large basal leaves which surround the base of the stem are heart-shaped and short-stalked."

with these Appendices:-
 

A -
Planting Depths (Out-doors)

B -
Bulbs and their Habitat

C -
Planting and Flowering Times for Out-door Cult-ivation

D -
Flowering Times for Indoor Bulbs

E -
Bulbs with Scented Flowers

F -
Common Names of Bulbous plants

G -
From Sowing time to Bloom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Bulbs in Cultivation including vital bulb soil preparation from

Bulbs for Small Garden by E.C.M. Haes. Published by Pan Books in 1967:-

Bulbs in the Small Garden with Garden Plan and its different bulb sections

A choice of Outdoor Bulbs

False Bulbs

Bulbs Indoors

Bulb Calendar

Planting Times and Depth

Composts

Bulb Form

Mat-Forming

Prostrate or Trailing

Cushion or Mound-forming

Spreading or Creeping

Clump-forming

Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves

Erect or Upright

Bulb Use

Other than Only Green Foliage

Bedding or Mass Planting

Ground-Cover

Cut-Flower
1
, 2

Tolerant of Shade

In Woodland Areas

Under-plant

Tolerant of Poor Soil

Covering Banks

In Water

Beside Stream or Water Garden

Coastal Conditions

Edging Borders

Back of Border or Back-ground Plant

Fragrant Flowers

Not Fragrant Flowers

Indoor House-plant

Grow in a Patio Pot
1
, 2

Grow in an Alpine Trough

Grow in an Alpine House

Grow in Rock Garden

Speciman Plant

Into Native Plant Garden

Naturalize in Grass

Grow in Hanging Basket

Grow in Window-box

Grow in Green-house

Grow in Scree

 

 

Natural-ized Plant Area

Grow in Cottage Garden

Attracts Butter-flies

Attracts Bees

Resistant to Wildlife

Bulb in Soil

Chalk 1, 2

Clay

Sand 1, 2

Lime-Free (Acid)

Peat

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bulb Height from Text Border

Brown= 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)

Green= 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)

Red = 36+ inches (90+ cms)

Bulb Soil Moisture from Text Background

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

Dry Soil

Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June).

Click on thumbnail to change this comparison page to the Plant Description Page of the Bulb named in the Text box below that photo.
The Comments Row of that Plant Description Page links to where you personally can purchase that bulb via mail-order.

 


The process below provides a uniform method for
comparing every plant detailed in the following galleries with
the ones already compared in the relevant plant gallery
from the last list of plant galleries in this cell:-

These are the galleries that will provide the plants to be added to their own Extra Index Pages

 

 

The following Extra Index of Bulbs is created in the
Bulb Plant Gallery, to which the Bulb found in the above list will have that row copied to.
The Header Row for the Extra Indices pages is the same as used in the 1000 Ground Cover A of Plants Topic:-

A 1, 2, 3, B,
C 1, 2, D, E,
F, G, H, I, J,
K, L 1, 2, M, N, O,
P, Q, R, S, T,
U, V, W, XYZ

 

 

Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
its flower or foliage thumbnail will be compared per month in that relevant gallery:-

 

 

Index of Bulbs from
P Infill2 Plants Index Gallery

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone

...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline

...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium

...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria 
...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus

...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis

...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis

...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari

...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum

...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots

...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium

...Tulip
...Zephyranthus

Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas

...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias

...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias

 

 

---------

 

 


Bulb Use pages from
P Infill2 Index Gallery


Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums

...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles

...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums

...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes

...Plant Bedding in
......Spring

......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection


Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell from
P Garden Style Index Gallery :-

Bulbs and Corms with
Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5

 

 

Index of Bulbs from
Plants Extra Gallery

Bulb
Photos - Bulb

 

 

Website Structure Explanation and
User Guidelines

 

 

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website :-

Functional combinations in the border from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland:-

"Here is a list of the perennials shown by research to be the best plants to accompany various flower bulbs. The flower bulbs were tested over a period of years in several perennial borders that had been established for at least three years.

In combination with hyacinths:

In combination with tulips:

In combination with narcissi:

For narcissi, the choice was difficult to make. The list contains only some of the perennials that are very suitable for combining with narcissi. In other words, narcissi can easily compete with perennials.

In combination with specialty bulbs:

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

 

Site design and content copyright ©June 2007. Page structure amended November 2012.
Index changed February 2016.
Mapping and Index completed March 2018.
Menus changed May 2018. 5 Usage tables added January 2023.
Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

 

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