Flower. Photo from R. V. Roger Click on photo from Gardening Express |
Foliage See photo from Knupper Nursery |
Form |
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Plant Name |
Dahlia 'Golden Sceptre' in NDS Group 7 Named for Dr Andreas Dahl, an 18th century Swedish botanist. The Dahlia was brought to Spain from its native Mexico in the late 1780s. Its first introduction to Britain was in 1798. (NDS) is National Dahlia Society classified directory |
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Common Name |
Dahlia |
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Soil |
Well-drained Chalk and Sand with plenty of humus (after lifting the tuber, mulch with 2 inch (5 cms) depth of mown autumn leaves in the autumn to create this humus during the winter, for use by the replanted-in-the-spring-Dahlia during the Summer-Autumn) |
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Sun Aspect |
Full Sun |
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Soil Moisture |
Moist |
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Plant Type |
Herbaceous Tuber |
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Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12" = 1 foot = 30 cms, 3 feet = 1 yard, 40 inches = 1 metre) |
24-36 inches x 20 inches (60-90 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
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Foliage |
Dark Green |
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Flower Colour in Month(s). Fruit |
Bright, Canary-Yellow in July-October. Bloom size is 4 inches (10 cms) across. |
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Comment |
"A really bright, canary-yellow flower. Height 90cm. Large blooms." from Roger. Plant 6 inches (15 cms) deep and 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) apart. Loved by butterflies and bees. Support with a stout stick and tie in every fortnight. Instructions with photos for planting dahlias in a pot or tub from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland and from Growing Dahlias in Containers written by Barbara Jenke between 1995-2000. Available from Roger and Hilltop Garden |
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DAHLIA TUBER GALLERY PAGES FOLIAGE COLOUR |
FORM and USE NDS CLASSIFICATION GROUP |
ADS CLASSIFICATION GROUP |
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The following Extra Index of Bulbs is created in the
Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
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7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below in BULB, CORM, RHIZOME and TUBER GALLERY. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
BULB, CORM, RHIZOME AND TUBER INDEX - There are over 700 bulbs in the bulb galleries. |
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Besides the above Bulb Flower Colour Comparison Pages, you also have the following Comparison Pages:- |
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Dahlia Gallery INDEX link to Tuber Description Page |
Flower Colour with Flower Thumbnail |
Flowering Months with Link to Flower Colour Comparison Page in that month |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms Seed Head Thumbnail |
Foliage Colour |
Tuber Use |
Comments |
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Group 1(b). Single Dahlias - Singles |
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Pale Primrose-Yellow |
June, July, August, |
40 inches x 20-30 inches (100 x 50-75) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Purple |
Continuous flow of flowers for cutting to use with its Dark Purple foliage. Loved by butterflies and bees. |
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Group 2. Anemone-Flowered Dahlias |
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Deep Plum-Purple |
July, August |
16 inches x 12 inches (40 x 30) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Mid-Green |
Abundant display of small flowers |
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White |
June, July, August, |
16 inches x 12 inches (40 x 30) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Suitable for growing in Pots and for Cut-Flower. It is exceptionally free-flowering, especially if the dead flowers are removed from this low compact plant. |
Toto is in Group Anemone-Flowered in The World Dahlia Directory of over 57,000 dahlias. Introduced in 1967. |
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Group 3(a). Collarette Dahlias - Collarette Singles |
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Orange-Red |
June, July, August, |
24 inches x 18 inches (60 x 45) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Suitable for growing in Pots and in front of the border. |
Clump-forming form. |
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Group 4(a). Waterlily Dahlias - Medium-flowered |
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Sulphur-Yellow |
July, August, September, October, November |
40 inches x 20 inches (100 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Longlasting Cut-Flower and ideal for plantings in Pots or in borders from March-May |
Clump-forming form. |
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Group 4(b). Waterlily Dahlias - Small-flowered |
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Shell Pink |
June, July, August, |
36-48 inches x 18 inches (90-120 x 45) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
One of the tried-and-true dahlias which is Clump-forming. Outstanding Cut-Flower and keeps very well. |
Strong straight stems and waterlily-type flowers. |
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White and Purple Blends |
July, August, |
40 inches x 16 inches (100 x 40) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cut-Flower. A leafy plant with stout stems and full heads of pale lilac flowers. It is a colour that looks equally good with pinks or blues but try it with deep reds for a challenging combination. It is tall enough to need staking if it is not to fall over in windy or wet conditions. |
Twilight Time in Group Waterlily Small-flowered White and Purple Blends is in The Growing World of Dahlias of the varieties known to be available commercially in UK and parts of Europe. |
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Group 5(a) - Decorative Dahlias - Giant-flowered |
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Bicoloured - Dark Red with White tips |
June, July, August |
32 inches x 16 inches (80 x 40) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
128 awards between 1991 and 2005. Use for Cut-flowers and looks good with Sedum telephium subsp. maximum 'Atropur-pureum' and Amaranthus caudatus. |
Bicolour of Dark Red with White tips (or Purple with White tips) in June-August. Bloom size is 10 inches (25 cms) across with very strong stems. |
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Pure White with pale Yellow centre |
June, July, August |
40 inches x 24 inches (100 x 60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Toothed, Dark Green pinnate leaves |
Strong flower stems and one of the largest White flowers available. |
Clump-forming |
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Primrose-Yellow |
June, July, August |
37 inches x 20 inches (93 x 50) (leave 24-36 inches (60-90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Divided, Dark Green |
These have some of the biggest flowers - Dinnerplate Dahlia. Cutflowers. |
Because this is a dinnerplate dahlia, if the blooms reach 8+ inches across, you can dry these for use in dried arrangements and they will form a nice fist sized dried flower when fully dried. Color will hold for about 1 year. |
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White |
June, July, August, |
40-44 inches x 20-24 inches (100-110 x 50-60) (leave 22-28 inches (55-70 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cutflower and Clump-forming. Can be grown indoors when placed in a light and warm place which is protected from frost. |
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Group 5(b) - Decorative Dahlias - Large-flowered |
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Red with White edges |
July, August, September, October |
36-40 inches x 20 inches (90-100 x 50) (leave 20 inches (50 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Oval and upright form. Extremely effective against a wooded background or the back of a wide border. |
Clump-forming |
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Group 5(c) - Decorative Dahlias - Medium-flowered |
Index of Bulbs from Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:- |
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Bicoloured - Blood-Red with White tips |
July, August, |
42 inches x 20-30 inches (105 x 50-75) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Long-lasting Cut-flowers and it can grow in pots. Received 783 awards between 1983 and 2007. |
Bicoloured - Blood-Red with White tips in July-October. Bloom size is 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) across. |
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Bright Yellow with Red Variegation |
June, July, August, |
36 inches x 24 inches (90 x 60) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cutflower. Minimum temperature is zero degrees Centigrade, so must be lifted straight after the first frost in the autumn. |
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Yellow |
June, July, August |
36 inches x 30 inches (90 x 75) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Clump-forming |
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Lilac and White Blends |
June, July, |
40-48 inches x 25 inches (100-120 x 63) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Toothed, pinnate, Dark Green |
Plant 6 inches (15 cms) deep and 36 inches apart in the ground, or start growth in pots of compost in a frost-free greenhouse before transplanting them into their final positions outdoors in June. Loved by butterflies and bees. Support with a stout stick and tie in every fortnight. |
Clump-forming |
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Purple |
July, August, |
40 inches x 12-24 inches (100 x 30-60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
A hugely popular pink variety. Nice, clean and simple. Very free flowering and makes excellent cut flowers. |
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Dark Pink and White Variegated |
July, August, |
40 inches x 24 inches (100 x 60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Suitable for pot use and for cutting |
Dark Pink and White variegated in July-September. Bloom size is 6-8 inches (15-20 cms) across. |
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White |
July, August, |
40-44 inches x 12-24 inches (100-110 x 30-60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Blue-Green |
Cutflower with the flowers being suitable for drying and preserving; also suitable for growing in pots. |
The bloom had to be at least 6" wide & so heavy that the plant needs to be staked with maybe a tomato cage or something else. |
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Group 5(d) - Decorative Dahlias - Small-flowered |
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Scarlet-Red |
July, August, |
30 inches x 39 inches (75 x 98) (leave 30 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Tight perfectly formed flowers. Excellent for cutting. |
Clump-forming |
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Dark Red |
July, August, |
30-40 inches x 16 inches (75-100 x 40) (leave 30 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Stunning near black flowers that last well and make excellent cut flower. The flowers have a particularly rich, velvety look to them. |
Good contrast with the foliage of the Purple leaved forms of Cotinus coggygria or with the late summer blues of Agapanthus. |
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Bright Red |
July, August, |
22 inches x 16 inches ( 55 x 40) (leave 30 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
As a dwarf Dahlia , use it in bedding schemes and in pots. |
Good contrast with the foliage of the Purple leaved forms of Cotinus coggygria or with the late summer blues of Agapanthus. |
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Decasplit Soft Yellow fading to light Lemon Yellow |
July, August, |
36-48 inches x 18-24 inches ( 90-120 x 45-60) (leave 30 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
A perfect border plant. |
A delightful hybrid for those of you seeking a more elegant flower - large flowers of the softest yellow/White. |
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Bright Pink |
July, August, |
30 inches x 12 inches (75 x 30) (leave 30 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
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Bright Lilac-Purple |
June, July, |
30 inches x 12-15 inches (75 x 30-38) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Use in borders and in pots. |
A brash and bold flower in a clump-forming plant. |
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Rusty-Orange, paler |
June, July, August, |
16 inches x 12 inches (40 x 30) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Good for bedding. |
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Pink and |
June, July, August, |
40 inches x 20-30 inches (100 x 50-75) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Ideal for cutting. |
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Yellow and Orange |
June, July, August, |
11 inches x 20-30 inches ( 28 x 50-75) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Hot orange, good for Bedding. |
Well-drained Chalk and Sand with plenty of humus (after lifting the tuber, mulch with 2 inch (5 cms) depth of mown autumn leaves in the autumn to create this humus during the winter, for use by the replanted-in-the-spring-Dahlia during the Summer-Autumn. Hardiness Zone: 8,9,10) |
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Yellow |
July, August, |
24 inches x 20 inches (60 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Quite useful that it is Deer resistant, since it is a bedding plant to be used in the middle of the border! or use it in a pot. |
Excellent dwarf yellow. |
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White and Pink |
June, July, August, |
22 inches x 20 inches ( 55 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Bedding plant. |
White and Pink Blends in June-November. Bloom size is 4-6 inches (10-15 cms) across. |
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Group 5(e) - Decorative Dahlias - Miniature-flowered |
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Yellow |
June, July, August, |
12 inches x 10-12 inches (30 x 25-30) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Forest Green |
Excellent clump-forming bedding plant and pot-plant as houseplant or external pot-plant on the patio, windowbox, doorsteps or balcony. |
Can also be grown indoors in a pot when placed in a light and warm place (heated conservatory). Hardy to -12 degrees Centigrade. |
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Bicolour of Red |
June, July, August, |
18 inches x 12-16 inches (45 x 30-40) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cut-Flower. Upright and Clump-forming form. Sow seeds from March to May. Perfect for a window-box garden. |
Bicolour flowers of Red with White tips in June-November. Bloom size is less than 4 inches (10 cms) across. |
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Group 6(b) - Ball Dahlias - Miniature Ball |
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Orange |
July, August, |
16-20 inches x 20 inches (40-50 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Plant 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cms) deep and 12-18 inches (30-45 cms) apart. Loved by butterflies and bees. Support with a stout stick and tie in every fortnight. |
Orange in July-October. Bloom size is 2-4 inches (5-10 cms) across. |
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Lilac-Pink |
June, July, August, |
36-48 inches x 18-24 inches (90-120 x 45-60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
A very pretty variety with lilac-pink flowers. Generally the flowers are larger than most other pompom varieties, making this ideal for cut flowers. |
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Group 7 - Pompon Dahlias |
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Canary-Yellow |
July, August, |
24-36 inches x 20 inches (60-90 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cutflower Pompon Dahlia. |
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Group 8(c) - Cactus Medium-flowered |
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Yellow and Pink |
June, July, August, |
18-24 inches x 18-24 inches (45-60 x 45-60) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Medium Green |
Cut-Flower. Suitable for zones 8, 9, 10 with the map on Brent and Becky's Page showing the relevant suitable parts of America in purple, otherwise put in Pot and take pot into frost free conditions from the first frost in the Autumn till 10 days before the last expected frost next Spring. |
Yellow and Pink Blends in June-November. Bloom size is up to 4 inches (10 cms) across. |
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Dark Red |
July, August, |
48 inches x 20 inches (120 x 50) (leave 18 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Excellent cut-flower; Crocus also provides full care instructions and suggested plants to go with it. Makes a good contrast with light coloured flowers. |
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Purple and |
June, July, August, |
36-48 inches x 20 inches (90-120 x 50) (leave 18 inches between these dahlia plants) |
Mid-Green |
Excellent cut flower, with video tips on their planting a dahlia in a pot system. |
A real show-stopper! Deep purple with a real shine to the petals, making the whole flower glisten. |
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Group 8(d) - Cactus - Small-flowered |
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White |
August, September, |
18-24 inches x 20-26 inches (45-60 x 50-65) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
A Clump-forming, bedding plant which is a good cutflower for growing in a pot and as groundcover in the middle of flower beds. |
Plant top of tuber just below the soil surface and 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) apart. Loved by butterflies and bees. Support with a stout stick and tie in every fortnight. |
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Group 9(b) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias - Large-flowered |
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Bright Orange |
July, August, |
40 inches x 24 inches (100 x 60) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Cut-flower. Suitable for pot culture. |
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Group 9(d) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias - Small-flowered |
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Pink and Yellow |
June, July, August, |
16 inches x 20 inches (40 x 50) (leave 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Medium Green |
Dwarf bedder which can also be grown in pots. Clump-forming. Cut-flower. |
Plant so crown is just above the soil surface and tubers are pointing down and outward. Plant 20-30 inches (50-75 cms) apart. |
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White and Purple |
August, September, |
48 inches x 20-30 inches (120 x 50-75) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
White flowers with bright lilac-pink tips to the petals. Excellent as cut flower. |
White and Purple Bicoloured in August-November. Bloom size is 6 inches (15 cms) across. |
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Orange |
June, July, August, |
40 inches x 18 inches (100 x 45) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
A good clear orange colour. Simple yet very attractive. Makes excellent cut flower. |
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Group 9(e) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -Miniature-flowered |
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Soft Orange, Bronze at the centre |
July, August, |
16 inches x 15-18 inches (40 x 38-45) (leave 20 inches (50 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark green |
Good for bedding and use in middle of border. |
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Sunshine-Yellow |
June, July, August |
16-24 inches x 20 inches (40-60 x 50) (leave 20 inches (50 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Green |
Perfect bedding plant for pots and in flower beds. |
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Group 10PE(c) - Miscellaneous Dahlias - Small-flowered |
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Rich Red |
July, August, |
44 inches x 18 inches (110 x 45) (leave 36 inches (90 cms) between these dahlia plants) |
Dark Bronze-Red |
Peony type flowers in a rich red with very conspicuous yellow anthers. Has superb, rich dark purple foliage. An old favourite that is always popular. Almost hardy. Mulch well. |
183 awards between 1991 and 2007 inclusive. A popular cutflower, bedding plant and looks good with Rudbeckia hirta 'Marmalade' and Nandina domestica. |
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Site design and content copyright ©December 2011. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Plant 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cms) deep and 20-30 inches (50-75) cms) apart. Loved by butterflies and bees. Instructions with photos for planting dahlias in a pot or tub from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland and from Growing Dahlias in Containers written by Barbara Jenke between 1995-2000. |
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Group classification and formation from the Royal Horticultural Society - Formed through consultation with the national societies or overseeing bodies for dahlias of the Netherlands, the UK and the USA (type abreviation used in World Directory of Dahlias Last Updated January 24th, 2010 and type abbreviation in 2008 ADS Classification and Handbook of Dahlias ):-
Group 1 SINGLE-FLOWERED dahlias Sing
Group 2 ANEMONE-FLOWERED dahlias Anem
Group 3 COLLARETTE dahlias Col
Group 4 WATERLILY dahlias WL
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Group classification and formation from the Royal Horticultural Society...continued Group 5 DECORATIVE dahlias
Group 6 BALL dahlias
Group 7 POMPON dahlias Pom
Group 8 CACTUS dahlias
Group 9 SEMI-CACTUS dahlias
Group 10 MISCELLANEOUS dahlias Misc for Miscellaneous
Sub-Classification of Group 11 FIMBRIATED dahlias Fim or f
International Dahlia Register (1969) 20th Supplement:- Group 12 SINGLE ORCHID and SINGLE STAR dahlias
Group 13 DOUBLE ORCHID dahlias Dou.Orc Double orchid dahlias have fully double blooms, showing no disc, that have triangular centres. Ray florets are narrowly lanceolate and either involute or revolute.
Groups and sizes Waterlily dahlias (Group 4), Decorative dahlias (Group 5), Cactus dahlias (Group 8), Semi-cactus dahlias (Group 9) and Fimbriated dahlias (Group 11):-
Ball dahlias (Group 6)
Pompon dahlias (Group 7)
Please note that these sizes may differ from those given by the National Dahlia Society (UK) and the American Dahlia Society. The categories given here, which indicate the size of the cultivar in its country of origin, should be used to determine size when registering cultivars. Dwarf Bedder Lilliput dahlias (Lil.) Stellar Dahlias Stellar Chrysanthemum Dahlias chrys Decasplit Dahlias decasplit
The National Dahlia Collection has added other classifications for its identification system. |
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Dahlia floral size chart as defined by The American Dahlia Society (ADS):-
The 20 Dahlia floral form classifications as recognized by The American Dahlia Society with links to the dahlias of that classification in the 2008 ADS Classification and Handbook of Dahlias:- Formal Decorative: petals are double, uniformly distributed, flattened, with edges that roll upward or backward and often curve down towards the stem. FD for Formal Decorative Informal Decorative: petals are double, irregularly distributed, not flattened but wavy, twisted, or curly and may roll backward. ID for Informal Decorative Semi-Cactus: petals are double, broad at the base, straight, curving inward or backward and have tips that roll back to nearly half their length. SC for Semi-Cactus Straight Cactus: petals are double, uniformly radiate in all directions from the center of the flower, are rolled inward more than half of their length and may be pointed, straight, or curved backwards. C for Straight Cactus Incurved Cactus: pointed petals are double, curve towards the flower’s center and are curved for more than one half of their length. IC for Incurve Cactus Laciniated: double flowers have individual petals that are split at the tips and often twist giving and irregular fringed look to the flower. LC for Laciniated Ball: flowers are tight, fully double, and ball-shaped—occasionally with a flattened at the face. The petals are rounded, blunt or indented, sometimes rolled inward and commonly in a spiral display. BA for Ball Miniature Ball: smaller ball-type. MB for Miniature Ball Pompon: flowers are tight, fully double and similar to ball dahlias but fully rounded and smaller. The petals tightly curve upwards along the edges. P for Pompon Stellar: flowers are double and have smaller, less developed petals towards the center that graduate to fully developed outer petals. Petal edges curve upwards and outer petals are narrower and lightly curve back towards the stem. Flower depth should be one half to two thirds of the diameter of the bloom. ST for Stellar Waterlily: flowers are double, symmetrical and flattened when viewed from the side. The petals are broad and flowers open with those in the center appearing closed and dome-shaped and those along the exterior being fully developed and slightly cupped. WL for Water Lily Peony-flowering: flowers are not fully double and have open centers. They have two or more rows of petals that may be straight, broad, twisted or curled. These subtend centers filled with tiny central disc flowers of varying colors. PE for Peony-flowering Anemone-flowered: flowers are not fully double and have centers filled with smaller elongated disc flowers of varying colors, which may appear rounded or spiky. They may have one or more rows of out petals that are often broad and open. AN for Anemone-flowered Collarette: flowers are not fully double and the opened faced flowers have three tiers of petals. A single row of uniformly flattened, evenly distributed outer petals surround shorter petaloids (approximately one half the length of the outer petals), which surround a small flattened “eye” of disc flowers. CO for Collarette Single: single, open faced blooms with one row of uniform petals surrounding an eye of disc flowers. S for Single Mignon Single: smaller single flowers. MS for Mignon Single Orchid-flowering: flowers are not double but have open centers and a single row of evenly spaced flattened petals surrounding the disc flowers. The petals are rolled inward for two thirds or more of their length. O for Orchid-flowering Novelty Open: flowers are not double but have open centers and unique characteristics which set them apart from other classifications. N for Novelty, NO for Novelty Open Novelty Fully Double: flowers are double but have unique characteristics which set them apart from other classifications. N for Novelty, NX for Novelty Fully Double |
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Colour abbreviation in 2008 ADS (American Dahlia Society)
Primary Colour
Secondary Colour
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COLOURS used by the NDS (National Dahlia Society) from the World Directory of Dahlias:- Colour Classification is determined by the predominant colour or colours which appear on the face of the ray florets and in such classification the colour of the reverse of the ray florets is not generally taken into consideration. An exception is made in the case of certain orchid-flowered, pompon or ball dahlias. In the case of Blended, Bicolours or Variegated varieties the first colour indicated is the dominant colour.
COLOUR DIVISION OF DAHLIAS
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Culture "Dahlias are easy to grow. Tolerant of a wide range of soils, they prefer one that is cultivated to a fair depth and with a high organic content. They require sun in order to grow and flower well. While the rootstocks will overwinter in the ground providing the soil temperature stays above 34 degrees Fahrenheit, it is preferable to lift them in the autumn, after the foliage has started to die back, and store them in a frost-free location with good air circulation. Planting is best in early spring, some 10 days or so before the last expected frost. The tubers should be set 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cms) deep. This will allow a period of 14-20 days before the young shoots emerge. Thus they will not be damaged by frost, to which the young shoots are susceptible. The distances between the plants will vary according to height of the full-grown plants. Dwarf or low-growing types should be spaced 12-18 inches (30-45 cms) apart. The tallest-growing, those over 36-40 inches in height, space some 36 inches (90 cms) apart. The taller-growing cultivars will require support, specially if grown in a windy location. Dahlias require regular watering in the summer months. To facilitate watering, plant the tubers in the center of a shallow depression or saucer of soil. This will allow easier watering as the water will stay where required, at the base of the plants above the tubers which will produce a large number of roots, but they stay quite close to the original tuber. The actual size of the depression is determined by the height of the plant; smaller plants that are set quite closely together can be placed in a shallow trench so they can be flooded. While some natural branching of the young plants may occur, it is an advantage to pinch out the growth bud of young plants when they are 4-6 inches in height. Such pinching of the growing tip encourages branching from the stem, and a bushier plant is the result. Not neccessary with lower-growing cultivars that branch naturally themselves, but taller growing forms can become gangly, and pinching improves not only the appearance but increases flower production. A 4- or 5-branched plant is ideal. Dahlias will continue to grow well into the autumn. As the days shorten, the growth rate slows. In colder areas the first frost will kill the top growth but not harm the tuber in the soil. In warmer climates, where little or no frost is experienced, growth will come to a halt in October-November. When the top growth is harmed by frost or when growth stops, the stalks should be cut, leaving some 4-5 inches above the ground. The actual time of harvesting the tubers also will depend on the climate in an area. Working in rain is not conducive to good production, therefore, the harvesting of tubers should be prior to the onset of autumn rains. The tubers are lifted with care so they are not damaged. The short length of stem left when cutting the plants will be useful when handling the plants. As soon as the soil around the tubers has dried, they are cleaned by removing dried soil with a brush and stored in a well-ventilated frost-free area. The tubers should be labeled so that when replanting, size, colour, type, etc. are known. As all new shoots for the next season's growth will arise from "eyes" at the base of the stem, particular attention should be given to this area. Without such eyes, the tuber is worthless as the tubers themselves have no buds; eyes are found only on the portion of the stem adjoining the tubers."
Tuber Storage in the Winter
Preserving Flowers by air drying
Growing Dahlias in Containers written by Barbara Jenke between 1995-2000 explains how to grow any size of dahlia in a pot with comments from women who have used her advice. |
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Gallery Dahlia from Verwer Dahlias BV in The Netherlands (Holland) with their contact details:- "Gallery dahlias are the result of over 15 years of crossings between common border-dahlias and botanical, genetically low-growing dahlias. They are very freely branching, start blooming in early summer and produce an abundance of flowers during months and months. These varieties with fully double flowers are very effective in smaller gardens or in the front of borders. They are also well adapted for container-growing. They are for sale on the drymarket as tubers and as flowering pot-plants at the garden centres and flowershops. When danger of damage by frost is gone you can plant them in your garden or in containers in the patio, on your deck, balcony or doorsteps.
". The above Dahlias can also be purchased in the USA from Container Dahlias.com. |
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There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:- |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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