Ivydene Gardens Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index Gallery:
Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List
for Plants above
72 inches (180 cms) in Height

See Wildflower Garden Use Page for other bee-pollinated or insect-pollinated list of plants.

See Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers per Month 12
...Index pages

If a plant is polinated by a bee, then it is not wind-pollinated. This means that the plants mentioned on this page and in the book "Garden Plants Valuable to Bees" (written by the International Bee Research Association) will be suitable for people who suffer from hay fever.

You can compare the flower colour of the bee-pollinated plants with all the other bee-pollinated plants (who have Plant Description Pages in this website) using the Bee-pollinated 12 colours of Bloom in each Month Gallery. There are also 218 additional bee-pollinated plants (who may not have any Plant Description Page in this website) in the 12 colours per month pages of the Bee-pollinated Index Gallery.

The importance of garden plants yielding nectar and pollen is that together they provide a continuous food supply - from willows and crocuses in early spring to ivy in late autumn. Colonies of bees need food through their active season , so that they can develop and rear new bees. This food supply used to be provided by pastures that came into flower before they were cut, by verges and hedgerows, and by abundant weeds. Nowadays the efficiency of agriculture has greatly reduced these resources for the bees.

The list for gardens exclude most crop plants, most fruits and all very invasive plants that are difficult to control.

It is designed for Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany and the Netherlands.

"Ordinary garden soil" is pH 5-7 and contains some humus-forming material.

The report below details which plants in Greater San Francisco Bay Area Region of the USA were visited by each different bee family; and therefore will aid you in selection of plants that are bee-pollinated rather than wind-pollinated, besides the ones that I have listed in my table below:-

RECORD OF NATIVE BEES FOUND IN THE GREATER SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA REGION, WITH SOME OF THEIR LIKELY PLANT HOSTS

Compiled by Laura Arneson

Landscape Noise Reduction

Road Noise, Airport Noise, Industrial Units and Railway Noise next to gardens is detrimental to humans living in those houses within those gardens. There are 4 methods commonly used for sound attenuation (the reduction of intensity of outdoor sounds before they reach the receiver) :-

• Sound Absorption. This method uses plants to entrap or absorb sound vibrations.
• Sound Deflection and Reflection. This method causes the noise to be bounced away from the recipient and sometimes back toward the source.
• Sound Refraction. This little known effect occurs when noise is dissipated, diffused or dispersed by striking a rough surface on any plain.
• White Noise. It is designed to create sound that is appealing to the human brain as a mask for undesirable noise. The most widely used method is a fountain that makes loud splashes.

Using these bee-pollinated plants between estates in the public ambling area and between the houses/gardens and the noise will reduce that relevant noise level using the Sound Absorption Method; and be suitable for everyone including Hay Fever sufferers:-

• 1. Install chain link fence on strong supports with 12 inch (30 cms) gap at bottom (to allow local wildlife - hedgehogs, foxes, badgers, frogs and newts access) and 48 inch (120 cms) chainlink between 12 and 60 inch (30 and 150 cms) from ground on estate boundary. Add 4th Line Wire on top links to prevent that chainlink from sagging. Plant ivy, Rosa with it's 'Single Flowers' cultivars (see below) and thornless blackberries so that they can then climb onto that chainlink fencing within the inside of that public ambling area.
• 2. Plant mixture of bulbs, evergreen perennials, herbaceous perennials, deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, which grow between 18 and 96 inches (45 and 240 cms) high - add the eventual width of a pair and divide that by 2 as the planting distance between them. This combined with their different heights will produce a random effect in this minimum-width of 96 inches (240 cms) area and 72 inch width (180 cms) of area 4. It is also most likely that viewing from one side to the estate boundary, you are unlikely to see the bottom of the chainlink. Use 30% evergreen and the rest is herbaceous/deciduous to provide a change throughout the year for the estate inhabitants to enjoy on their rambles. The blackberries on the estate boundary and the fruit from each of the 3 cherries, 3 apple and 3 pear for each estate can either be enjoyed by the humans or the wildlife. Mulch the area with 4 inch thick (10 cms) of Bark before planting and thoroughly soak the ground after planting. Then, sow White Clover (see Green Manure) over the whole of both areas 2 and 4 to provide Nitrogen to the other plants and reduce evaporation of the irrigated water in between the 2 soakings each year.
  Thoroughly soak the ground in August to provide the shrubs and fruit trees with the water to be stored in their roots and then be used during the spring foliage production. Thoroughly soak the ground again in April to provide their water supply during the later spring and summer.
• 3. 48 inch wide (120 cms) path using ECCOGravel. After the ECCOGravel is installed, use different coloured pea-shingle to create games like snakes and ladders, hopscotch or noughts and crosses or a picture. This path allows the rain to drain through and be used by the plants on either side. If you wear women's high heels, you will have no problem walking on this path. You can also use it for remote-controlled model cars or landing remote-control model aircraft.
• 4. A repeat of of 2. without the blackberries or fruit trees - If the fruit is only on the other side of the path, then the fruit pickers will not be tempted to try the home owners side.
• 5. Install chain link fence on strong supports with 72 inch (180 cms) chainlink on top of ground level on private garden boundary. Add 4th Line Wire on top links to prevent that chainlink from sagging. Plant ivy so that it can then climb onto that chainlink fencing from inside the public ambling area.

If the house owner has a noise problem from outside their property, then they can use the same solution as above using 1, 2, 3 and 4 only. Their sheds and storage facilities can be installed in area 4 with path 3. leading to them.

Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are more useful to bees than double flowered cultivars.
Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:-

• Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom.
• Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows.
• Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows.
• Full: 26-40 petals in three or more rows.
• Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows.

The final column shows the value of the plant to bees (honeybees and hive bees):

• N and P indicate that they collect Nectar and Pollen, respectively.
• Plants especially used by Bumble Bees are marked B.
• The absence of all 3 entries (N,P,B) for a few plants reflects insufficiency of observations as to what it is that bees collect from that plant.
   

Plant Name

with link to mail-order nursery in UK / Europe

Common Name

Flowering Months of Plant Named but not "and it's cultivars"

Flowering Colour of Plant Named but not "and it's cultivars"

Height x Spread in inches (cms).
Plants above 72 inches (180 cms) in Height

Plant Type
(Per = Perennial) with link to
Plant Description Page,
Companion Planting Page, Rock Garden Index Page
and/or Wildlife Family Page in this website

Comment

N for Nectar
P for Pollen
B for Bumble Bee

Acer campestre

Native in Maple Family

Use the free tree ID app for Android and Iphone to identiy the UK's native and non-native trees.

Maple,
Field Maple

May-Jun

Male Flower. Both Male and Female flowers are in clusters on same tree. Attractive to aphids, ladybirds and moth, Small mammals eat the fruits

Yellowish-Green Cup-shaped followed by large, winged fruits which are dispersed by wind.

Female Flower bud

Full Sun, Part Shade

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

Field Maple trees grow and estimated 16-24 (40-60 cms) a year.

Excellent shelter for local birds and wildlife through spring and summer

Wildflower ,

Small, dark green and shiny, with 5 lobes and rounded teeth. Fades to golden yellow in autumn.

Wet

Deciduous Tree on chalk in woodland and old hedge-rows, coastal sites and windy, exposed sites.

Use for 40-160 inch (100-400 cms) high hedges

N P

Major bee plant.
Also used by Bumble-bees

Acer capillipes

Acers Care guide.

"A tree for smaller gardens with ultimate height of 6-8 metres, with a 4 to 6 metres spread." Remember to plant this tree at least 12 metres from any building to prevent subsidence.

Red Snake-bark Maple

Plant this tree in its dormancy period from mid-november to late April

Apr-May

Also attractive to butterflies

Greenish white flowers in pendent racemes followed by single-seeded, winged, always in pairs fruit

Full Sun

400 x 400 (1000 x 1000)

The plant roots are shallow and do not cover them with grass which will kill it.

Broadly ovate, mid- to dark green leaves, which turn bright orange-red to deep red in the autumn. grey-white striped bark

Moist, well-drained

Deciduous tree with spreading, arching branches in vase shape from mountainous regions of Japan - usually growing alongside mountain streams - on light acidic sand.

Grow as speciman in a large garden or in a 100 cm diameter tree container in a small garden with the pot on feet so that the roots of this tree do not reach the ground

N P

Acer griseum

Paper-bark Maple

Acers "bleed" if pruned too early, so prune between November to January

Apr-May

Yellow flowers in pendent racemes

Full Sun,
Part Shade

400 x 400 (1000 x 1000)

Companions - Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sasanqua 'Crimson King', Euonymus europaeus

Dark green, 3-palmate leaves which turn orange to red and scarlet in the autumn.

Mulch annually with well-rotted manure or compost to keep the soil moist

Slow-growing, spreading, deciduous tree with peeling, orange-brown bark from Central China. Grow in well-drained acidic sand, but tolerates clay

Grow as speciman in a large garden or in a 100 cm diameter tree container in a small garden with the pot on feet so that the roots of this tree do not reach the ground. Popular bonsai subject in Europe

N P

Acer negundo 'Flamingo'

Box Elder

If you plant this tree in your lawn, then the grass will take all the rain and since it usually grows alongside streams, river flood plains and low woods it will not appreciate it

Mar-Apr

Greenish-Yellow flowers in thick bundles, before the leaves appear

Full sun,
Part Shade

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

Pale to rosy pink variegated leaves at tips of all new growths from late spring, through early summer and often into autumn. Mature leaves variegated white.

Moist to wet

See description in Climbers with winter bark page

Use as a fan-trained tree for large walls, as a shade tree and as a hedge to show its variegated foliage. Use in woodland margins.

Prone to reversion, so any branches with purely green leaves will need to be removed completely.

N P

Acer palmatum f. atropurpureum

Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum'. By Jerzy Opioła, via Wikimedia Commons

Japanese Maple

Apr-May

Tiny purple star-shaped flowers

240 x 200
(600 x 500)

Deeply lobed dark purple-red leaves that turn fiery red in autumn.

Deciduous Tree used as a Wall Shrub for The Prime Site

Grow best in partly shaded situations and fertile, moist, well-drained neutral to acid rich soil.

Use - As a freestanding, upright or fan-trained deciduous tree. It also looks good in a container.

Acer palmatums benefit from shelter from fierce winds and cold in early spring as bad weather can burn the young leaves. It is slow growing with many different leaf forms and colours; all turn to brilliant reds in autumn.

N P

Acer palmatum 'Senkaki'
(Acer palmatum 'Sango-kaku')

Coral Bark Japanese Maple

Apr-May

Small reddish flowers

Full Sun

240 x 180 (600 x 450)

Companions - Cornus sanguinea 'Midwinter Fire', Leocojum vernum

Deeply 5-lobed leaves opening orange-yellow, before turning soft green in summer, then turning soft yellow in autumn

Triggered by a cold spell, bright coral-red shoots in winter make a stunning focal point. Round-headed, deciduous tree in moist, but well-drained, organically rich, chalk or sand site. A smaller alternative is Acer palmatum 'Winter Flame'. Speciman plant in cottage garden, foundation plantings and in a four season border with evergreen conifers and japanese maples.

N P

Acer platanoides and it's cultivars

Unfortunately, when my wife attended a conference in Belfast in October 2022, the maternity unit at the Hastings Hotel was devoid of newly created plastic yellow Norn Iron Ducks, which are given away to the guests. It took a couple of days before another was borne and she was eggstatic to bring it home for her husband's bath so that he could read all its printed wisdom. I wonder if her husband - with his Top Hat and Dickie (who has orchestrated the regimented sandwiches with your own mint icecream on ginger nut base and chocolate sheet above) - sitting on the napkin for the start of your teatime - looks after the ducklings when off duty by taking them to the leisure pool in Culloden Estate & Spa for swimming lessons!

Norway Maple

Mar
Flowering occurs before the new leaves emerge.

Upright corymbs of yellow flowers

followed by seeds

960 x 600 (2400 x 1500)

Large, broadly ovate, dark green leaves turn clear yellow or sometimes red in autumn.

Vigorous, spreading, deciduous tree with a broad, rounded crown and tolerates poor, compacted soils, but not under concrete, tarmac or stone.

"Especially when used in pavements on streets, it can have insufficient space for its root network and is prone to the roots wrapping around themselves, girdling and killing the tree."
See Photos 6 and 7 of tree 100 in Funchal pavement where girdling is occuring - this tree was planted less than 20 inches (50cm) from the road and only allowed less than 1 square metre for the trunk and its roots to have access to air and rain. Looking at the other trees then assume that this tree is 10 metres high, with therefore 10 metre radius of roots which is 314 square metres area of the circle means that this tree only has less than 0.0318% of its roots exposed to air and rain. I wonder if a human could survive on only having the area of its ear passage, to feed, breathe and drink from, but that is what the very cruel humans do to trees in pavements all over the world.

N P

Acer pseudo-platanus

Native in Maple Family

Sycamore

Apr - May

Yellowish - Green

Full Sun

1400 x 1000 (3500 x 2500)

Wildflower ,

Dark Green turn golden-yellow in Autumn /
Moist

Deciduous Tree.
Prefers well-drained acid soil, but tolerates chalk soil

N P B

honey. Major bee plant

Aesculus carnea and it's cultivars - 'Briotii' and 'Plantierensis'

Red Horse Chestnut

Jun-Jul

Toxic to dogs, cats and horses

Dark red or rose-red flowers with yellow centres

in conical panicles followed by spiny fruit in the autumn.

Full Sun,
Part Shade

840 x 600 (2100 x 1500)

5- to 7-palmate, dark green leaves composed of stalkless or short-stalked, obovate leaflets.

Moist

Spreading deciduous tree with garden origin. A popular tree in large gardens and parks, casting dense shade when mature in well-drained chalk or sand.

N P

Aesculus hippocastanum

Please grow the Indian Horse Chestnut
(Aesculus indica) instead of this Horse-Chestnut

Conker Tree, Horse-Chestnut

Apr - May

This is one of the plants poisonous to horses.

White

Full Sun

1400 x 700
(3500 x 1750)

Dark Green

Moist

This needs a lot of space to grow with its wood being soft and weak, which does not burn well.

Deciduous Tree on well-drained soil from Greece and Albania.

Its fruit is called conkers and is used in a childrens game. Trees are normally planted in avenues.
 

N P B

Aesculus indica and it's cultivars
 

Indian Horse Chestnut, Himalayan Horse Chestnut

May-Jul

White flowers turn Pink once pollinated; the flowers are in cylindrical panicles, followed by smooth-skinned fruit

600 x 600 (1500 x 1500)

7-palmate leaves composed of obovate to lance-shaped leaflets, opening bronze and turning glossy, mid-green. Its leaves are used as cattle fodder in Northern India.

Spreading, rounded tree from North-West Himalayas. Can be used as a large-sized bonsai. Used in parkland and large estates for its foliage which turns orange and yellow in the autumn.

It tolerates chalk soils and will tolerate most well-drained soils.

N P

Aesculus pavia and it's cultivars
(Aesculus splendens)

Red Buckeye

Jun-Jul

The fruits and seeds are poisonous to humans

Red, some-times yellow-marked flowers are borne in conical panicles followed by smooth-skinned fruit

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

5- to 7-palmate, mid-green leaves with obovate to oblong to lance-shaped leaflets.

Moist

Conical shrub or small tree from coastal plains and woodlands of East USA - grew in damp places on river banks to form a dark, dense crown. Sensitive to wind.

Does not stand up to its roots being covered by concrete, tarmac or stone. Use in parks for all soil types.

N P

Actinidia kolomikta
(Actinidia maloides)

See further details in Climbers and wall shrubs with least protruding growth when trained page in Infill3 Plants Index Gallery

Ornamental Kiwi Fruit, Kolomikta vine

Jun-Aug

Attractive to cats which claw the vines causing damage - a over-layer of chain-link fencing painted with anti-climb paint should deter them. Ruta graveolens plants round the base of this climber deters cats.

White fragrant flowers in groups of 1 to 3.
Oval, yellow fruit is produced from Sep-Nov on female plants.

Male and female flowers produced on separate plants.

Full Sun with shelter from wind

5 years
60 x 60
(150 x 150)

10 years
156 x 156
(400 x 400)

20 years
240 x 240
(600 x 600)

Protrudes up to 36 inches (91) from support.

Long and wide oblong ovate leaves with tips that start white and age to pink, contrasting with dark green remainder, followed by some yellow autumn colour. Not normally self-clinging.

Keep moist in summer with the mulch and heavy watering once before application of mulch

One of the most attractive foliaged deciduous climbers for sunny positions on walls and fences from China and Japan, by tying main vines to wires against walls and fences as required - chainlink fencing attached to walls or fences provides many places to tie to from 18 to 60 inches (45-150) from the ground. 60 inchs means that you can can keep this climber under control without needing a ladder.
Well-drained soil with organic mulch applied each spring

N

Hardy kiwis attract many kinds of bees

Ailanthus altissima

960 x 600 (2400 x 1500)

N P

Alnus cordata

960 x 240 (2400 x 600)

P

Alnus glutinosa and it's cultivars

Alder

Mar-Apr

960 x 360 (2400 x 900)

Wildflower ,

P B

Alnus incana and it's cultivars

840 x 360 (2100 x 900)

P

Amelanchier laevis

240 x 240 (600 x 600)

P

Amelianchier lamarckii

276 x 240 (690 x 600)

P

Aralia elata

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

N

Arbutus unedo and it's cultivars

Native in Heath Family

Killarney Straw-
berry-Tree, Irish Strawberry Tree,
Strawberry-tree

Aug to first frosts

Drooping clusters of creamy-white
followed by fruit which turns red as the next year's flowers open.

Full Sun

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

Wildflower ,

Arbutus varieties do not truly reach tree proportions for a gret number of years in the UK. When grown against walls added protection is afforded. Tie to horizontal wire between vine-eyes to separate them by about 4 inches (10 cms) from the wall to allow for airflow and so this tree is treated as a climber so that it does not rot in the winter.

In rocky woods in counties Cork and Kerry. The fruit is sweet when red. It is naturally adapted to dry summer climates in chalk or sand. Can be used as a wind barrier in lands close to the sea.

Shelter for insects and small animals during the winter using its dense evergreen foliage. Its extensive roots can help in the soil stabilization process.

Can be grown as a standard tree, multi-stem tree, as a bush and in a pot using a 1/2 standard. David Fairley Gardens has important information about watering and feeding plants to get plants to establish. Arbutus unedo 'Compacta' is a good choice for the smaller garden.

N P

Signif-icant source of Nectar and pollen for bees, while the fruits are food for the birds

Berberis darwinii and it's cultivars

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N P B

Berberis julianae

96 x 120 (240 x300)

N P B

Berberis prattii

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P B

Berberis x stenophylla and it's cultivars

96 x 96 (240 x 240)

N P B

Berberis thunbergii and it's cultivars

24 x 96 (60 x 240)

N P B

Betula and it's cultivars

Birch

960 x 360 (2400 x 900)

Wildflower ,
Companions

P

Buddleia davidii 'Black Knight'

Buddleia

Jul to first frosts

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N B

Buddleia davidii 'Royal Red'

Buddleia

Jul to first frosts

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N B

Buddleia davidii 'White Profusion'

Buddleia

Jul to first frosts

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N B

Buddleia globosa

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N B

Buxus sempervirens and it's cultivars

Box

Mar-May

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N P

Caragana arborescens

and it's cultivars like Caragana arborescens 'Lorbergii'

Salt Tree

Apr-May

Small, yellow, pea-shaped flowers borne in clusters of up to 4 on thin stalks, followed in the autumn by small pods, containing 4-6 seeds

Tolerates all aspects of Sun and Shade, best in Full Sun

5 years
72 x 72
(180 x 180)

10 years
156 x 156
(400 x 400)

20 years
216 x 216
(550 x 550)

Protrudes up to 36 inches (91cm) from support.

Very thin, wispy, feathery, light grey-green leaves. Yellow autumn colour.

May be late to break leaf in spring and can appear to be dead, but grows quickly once established.

Use as a small fan-trained deciduous tree or shrub for large walls. Moderately fast growing, slowing with age.

Plant in any soil. Requires tying to wires or individual anchor points.

Further details in The Gardener's illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. Published in Great Britain by Viking in 1990.
ISBN 0-670-82929-3

N P B

Castanea sativa and it's cultivars

Sweet Chestnut or Spanish Chestnut

1200 x 600 (3000 x 1500)

Wildflower ,

N P

Catalpa bignonioides and it's cultivars

Indian Bean Tree,
Southern Catalpa

Jun-Aug

The plants flower when they are more mature.

White, bell-shaped

followed by long, narrow, green, ageing to black, slender pods in early autumn.

Full Sun,
Part Shade for golden-leaved varieties.

5 years
192 x 192
(490 x 490)

10 years
360 x 360
(900 x 900)

20 years
468 x 468
(1200 x 1200)

Protrudes up to 60 (150) from support.

Broadly ovate mid-green on long stalks followed by yellow autumn colour.

Moist

Attractive, large-leaved, round headed, half-open crown, deciduous tree that can be adapted for fan-training against a wall, where it can gain some additional protection. Natives of North America and China. Normally used as a solitary park tree. It is shallow rooting with fleshy roots - so please do not hoe within 600 cms of the trunk, do not plant grasses or lawn over its roots; and mulch it with a different animal manure each spring to keep its roots moist

Plant in deep, rich, well-drained sandy or sandy-clay soil and tie to wires or individual anchor points for fan-training.

N P B

Ceanothus 'Autumnal Blue'

California Lilac

Aug-Oct

Sky-Blue

Full Sun

120 x 96 (300 x 240)

Ovate, long, bright green leaf with shiny upper surface and dull grey underside.

If grown in a mild area or protected from winter winds and cold, can give a very spectacular effect in summer and autumn when grown as a fan-trained evergreen wall or fences shrub. One of the hardiest varieties.

Good, deep, rich soil. requires wires or individual anchor point to secure and encourage the fan-trained shape. Attach 3 x 3 (7.5 x 7.5) timber to the walls or fence post and attach chainlink to them before tying the california lilac to the chainlink with twine not plastic or wire. This provides an airflow behind the climber and plenty of places to tie to.

N P B

Ceanothus 'Spring flowering cultivars' like
Ceanothus 'Concha'

California Lilac

Apr-May

Reddish-purple buds open to Dark Blue - Indigo -

in numerous rounded, terminal and lateral cymes
Full Sun

120 x 120
(300 x 300)
Attracts Butterflies.
Companions - Philadelphus 'White Rock', Hyacint-hoides non-scripta, Choisya x dewitteana 'Aztec Pearl'

Arching branches with finely toothed, dark green leaves.
Moist

Prune Jul-Aug and then provide a 3 inch (7 cm) depth of well-rotted manure

Dense Evergreen Shrub
Well-drained Chalk, Sand
Use as edging, trained against a wall as a climbing shrub and speciman.

N P B

Pollen in UK.
Nectar and Pollen in USA

Cercis siliquastrum

Judas Tree

Will not survive when its roots are covered by tarmac, concrete, stone or paving

May

Most Flowers are produced on the previous year's wood

Purple-rose, pea-shaped

flowers are borne as leaves are produced followed by light grey/green seed pods, which persist all winter.

Full Sun but prefers Part Shade

5 years
60 x 60
(150 x 150)

10 years
120 x 120
(300 x 300)

20 years
240 x 240
(600 x 600)

Deeply veined, broad, heart-shaped leaves, purple/green with a blue sheen.

Tolerates dry soil, but prefers moist

A very attractive fan-trained large deciduous shrub for south-facing walls from woodland, woodland margins, and on rocky hillsides in southern Europe through to the Orient. Does best on neutral to acid well-drained soil types like calcareous sand. Older round-headed, half-open crown, plants resent transplanting.

It eventually reaches 480 (1200) but extremely slowly, taking 50 years or more in most northerly locations. Protrudes up to 48 (120) from support if fan-trained, 144 (350) untrained. Use same support system as for Ceanothus 'Autumnal Blue'.

N P

Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei'

Apple Blossom Ornamental Quince, Japanese Quince

Mar-Apr

Large white flowers, flushed dark pink are produced in thick clusters on wood 2 or more years old. Large, pear-shaped fruits follow the flowers, ripening to bright yellow.

Tolerates all aspects from Full Sun to deep Shade

5 years
84 x 84
(210 x 210)

10 years
144 x 144
(370 x 370)

20 years
168 x 168
(430 x 430)

Protrudes 36-48 (91-120) from support

Elliptic, medium-sized, mid-green. Some yellow autumn colour. Stem has isolated large rigid thorns.

Apart from growth required for fan training, remove all previous season's growth back to 2 buds in spring before flowering, making sure that flowering buds are not removed.

A fine flowering shrub, very attractive when pruned correctly as a fan-trained wall or fence shrub from mountain woodland in China and Japan.

Does well on any well-drained, fertile, soil.

N P B

Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis'

Ornamental Quince, Flowering Quince

Mar-Apr

Pure White - green-white on first opening. 5-petalled, cup-shaped, single, flowers produced on wood 2 or more years old. Large, pear-shaped fruits follow the flowers, ripening to bright yellow.

Tolerates all aspects from Full Sun to deep Shade

5 years
84 x 84
(210 x 210)

10 years
144 x 144
(370 x 370)

20 years
168 x 168
(430 x 430)

Protrudes 36-48 (91-120) from support

Elliptic, medium-sized, mid-green. Some yellow autumn colour. Stem has isolated large rigid thorns.

Apart from growth required for fan training, remove all previous season's growth back to 2 buds in spring before flowering, making sure that flowering buds are not removed.

A fine flowering shrub, very attractive when pruned correctly as a fan-trained wall or fence shrub from mountain woodland in China and Japan.

Does well on any well-drained, fertile, soil.

Chaenomeles speciosa 'Port Eliot' has large red flowers.
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow' has pure white flowers.
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Umbilicata' has deep salmon-pink flowers and comes from Japan

N P B

Clematis armandii and it's cultivars like Clematis armandii

A member of Group 1
Early-flowering clematis

Mar-May

Scented, white or cream-white

 

Full Sun but tolerates Part Shade

204-276 x 192 (510-690 x 480)

Companions

Normally the dark green foliage should be in the Sun while the roots are kept cool in the shade and moist.

Dry

Evergreen Twiner Climber.

Note that some forms of armandii may be toxic to animals, especially dogs. Requires shelter from cold winds.

Grow on Trellis or existing deciduous trees in Humus-rich Sand with Chalk, but not on house walls.

P

Pollen is coll-ected from all other Clem-atis, see data-base

Clematis montana and it's cultivars like Clematis montana var. montana

The Great Indian Clematis

A member of Montana Group and Group 1
Early-flowering clematis

Apr-Jul

Small, white flowers, rarely flushed with pink outside. Scented


Full Sun

360 x 96 (900 x 240)

Companions

Normally the mid green foliage should be in the Sun while the roots are kept cool in the shade and moist.

Dry

A very vigorous Deciduous Twiner Climber, which normally grows in mountainous places.

Clematis montana varieties must be planted to climb a high tree or over a long veranda or a wall. They are not suitable for drastic 'shaping'.

Grow in Humus-rich Sand with Chalk, but not on house walls.

N P

Pollen is coll-ected from all other Clem-atis, see data-base

Clematis montana
'Elizabeth'

See where the Clematis Climbers are used in the 3 Sector Vertical Plant System from Infill3 Gallery table. It explains how to split up your house wall into sectors and what plants you have for each sector and is detailed lower down in the next table on the right.

Clematis

May-Jun

Pink and paler Pink in the middle

Full Sun,
Part Shade
 

276-396 x 120
(660-990 x 300)

Companions

Twiner with
large, Purple-flushed, Mid-Green Foliage

Dry

Deciduous climber has Vanilla-scented pale pink flowers in abundance in spring with some repeats in late summer. Rich dark foliage compliments the flowers and looks great all summer.

Grow in Humus-rich Sand with Chalk, but not on house walls.

Companion is the Vine called Vitis flexuosa parrvifolia, which has small leaves; a brilliant green above and purple beneath.The greenish-purple effect of the foliage will be most conspicuous when the pink Clematis flowers are at their best.

N P

Clematis montana grandiflora 'Alba'

Other varities of Clematis in Clematis Cl Gallery.

Clematis

May-Jun

Scented White

Full Sun,
Part Shade
 

252 x 252 (630 x 630)

Twiner

Companions

Dry

White Clematis is scented and a very vigorous climber, which is ideal for covering fences, garden walls and pergolas.

Grow in Humus-rich Sand with Chalk, but not on house walls.

N P

Clematis montana var. rubens

360 x 96 (900 x 240)

,
Companions

N P

Colutea arborescens

Bladder Senna

Jun-Aug

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Cornus alba and it's cultivars

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P

Cornus mas and it's cultivars

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N P B

Cotoneaster x 'Cornubia'

240 x 240 (600 x 600)

N P B

Cotoneaster franchetii

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P B

Cotoneaster frigidus

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

N P B

Cotoneaster salicifolius and its cultivars

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N P B

Cotoneaster simonsii

Khasia Berry

May-Jul

96 x 72 (240 x 180)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Cotinus coggygria 'Flame'

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N

Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple'

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N

Cotoneaster lacteus

120 x 96 (300 x 240)

N P B

Crataegus crus-galli

300 x 360 (750 x 900)

N P B

Crataegus laevigata and it's cultivars

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

N P

Crataegus monogyna and it's cultivars

Hawthorn

May-Jun

360 x 300 (900 x 750)

Wildflower ,

N P

Crataegus persimilis 'Prunifolia'

300 x 360 (750 x 900)

N P

Deutzia scabra

120 x 72 (300 x 180)

P

Eleagnus pungens and its cultivars

144 x 180 (360 x 450)

B

Erica erigena and its cultivars

Erica erigena are listed in the
Shrub Erica H Gallery

Irish Heath, Mediter-ranean Heath

96 x 36
(240 x 90)

Heather

N P B

Erica erigena is a species useful in alkaline soils and providing some of the better 'architectural' heaths. Not as hardy as Erica carnea and Erica x darleyensis and damage is caused by frosts greater than -10 degrees C. Damage can also be caused by heavy snow as branches are rather brittle.

Escallonia 'Apple Blossom'

84 x 96 (210 x 240)

N B

Escallonia 'Donard Radiance'

84 x 96 (210 x 240)

N B

Escallonia 'Donard Seedling'

96 x 96 (240 x 240)

N B

Escallonia macrantha rubra

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N B

Fagus sylvatica and it's cultivars

Beech

Apr-May

960 x 600 (2400 x 1500)

Wildflower ,
Companions

P

Fraxinus and it's cultivars

Ash

Apr-May

1200 x 840 (3000 x 2100)

Wildflower ,

P

Garrya eliptica and it's cultivars

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

P

Genista aetnensis

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

B

Hamamelis japonica and its cultivars

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

P

Hamamelis mollis 'Pallida'

144 x 120 (360 x 300)

P

Hamamelis mollis and its cultivars

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

P

Hebe salicifolia

96 x 96 (240 x 240)

N B

Hedera helix var. hibernica

Ivy

360 x 240 (900 x 600)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Hippophae rhamnoides

Sea-Buckthorn

Apr-May

240 x 240 (600 x 600)

Wildflower ,

B

Hydrangea anomala ssp. Petiolaris

600 x 240 (1500 x 600)

N

Ilex aquifolium 'Handsworth New Silver'

Holly

300 x 180 (750 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N P

Ilex aquifolium 'Pyramidalis'

Holly

240 x 180 (600 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N P

Ilex crenata 'Golden Gem'

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

N P

Ilex x altaclerensis 'Golden King'

240 x 180 (600 x 450)

N P

Koelreuteria paniculata and it's cultivars

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

N

Kolkwitzia amabilis and its cultivars

120 x 144 (300 x 360)

...

Laurus nobilis

480 x 360 (1200 x 900)

N B

Ligustrum ovalifolium

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N P B

Liquidambar styraciflua and it's cultivars

960 x 480 (2400 x 1200)

N

Liriodendron tulipifera and it's cultivars

1200 x 600 (3000 x 1500)

N P

Magnolia denudata

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

P

Magnolia grandiflora and its cultivars

360 x 600 (900 x 1500)

P

Magnolia kobus

480 x 360 (1200 x 900)

P

Magnolia x soulangeana and its cultivars

240 x 240 (600 x 600)

P B

Magnolia stellata 'King Rose'

84 x 72 (210 x 180)

P B

Mahonia japonica and its cultivars

84 x 120 (210 x 300)

N P B

Malus 'John Downie'

312 x 240 (780 x 600)

,
Companions

N P B

Malus 'Royalty'

336 x 300 (840 x 750)

,
Companions

N P B

Malus toringoides

300 x 360 (750 x 900)

,
Companions

N P B

Malus x zumi 'Golden Hornet'

312 x 276 (780 x 690)

,
Companions

N P B

Malus and it's cultivars

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

,
Companions

N P B

Mespilus germanica and its cultivars

Medlar

May-Jun

240 x 300 (600 x 750)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Nothofagus procera

960 x 600 (2400 x 1500)

P

Osmanthus delavayi

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

...

Osmanthus heterophyllus 'Variegatus'

96 x 120 (240 x 300)

...

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

600 x 300 (1500 x 750)

N P B

Philadelphus coronarius 'Aureus'

96 x 60 (240 x 150)

N P B

Photinia villosa

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

...

Populus nigra and it's cultivars

Black Poplar

Mar-Apr

1440 x 840 (3600 x 2100)

Wildflower ,

P

Populus tremula and it's cultivars

Aspen

Mar

840 x 360 (2100 x 900)

Wildflower ,

P

Prunus avium

Wild Cherry

Apr-May

840 x 360 (2100 x 900)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii'

Cherry-Plum

Mar

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

Wildflower ,

N P

Prunus dulcis

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

N P B

Prunus laurocerasus and its cultivars

300 x 360 (750 x 900)

N P

Prunus lusitanica and its cultivars

840 x 840 (2100 x 2100)

N P

Prunus padus and it's cultivars

Bird Cherry

May

600 x 360 (1500 x 900)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Prunus persica 'Single Flowers' varieties

Nectarine, Peach

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

,
Companions

N P B

Prunus sargentii and it's cultivars

840 x 600 (2100 x 1500)

N P B

Prunus serrulata

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

N P B

Prunus spinosa

Blackthorn

Apr-May

180 x 144 (450 x 360)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Prunus subhirtella 'Autumnalis'

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

N P

Prunus x yedoensis and it's cultivars

600 x 360 (1500 x 900)

N P B

Prunus x hillieri 'Spire'

360 x 180 (900 x 450)

N P

Pyracantha 'Orange Glow'

180 x 120 (450 x 300)

N P B

Pyracantha 'Red Column'

96 x 72 (240 x 180)

N P B

Pyracantha 'Teton'

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

N P B

Pyracantha rogersiana 'Flava'

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P B

Pyracantha and its cultivars

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P B

Quercus and it's cultivars

Oak

Apr-May

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

Wildflower ,
Companions

P

Rhamnus cathartica

Common Buckthorn

May-Jun

240 x 180 (600 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N P

Rhamnus frangula

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N P

Rhus glabra

96 x 96 (240 x 240)

N P

Rhus typhina

180 x 240 (450 x 600)

N P

Robinia pseudoacacia and it's cultivars

960 x 600 (2400 x 1500)

N P B

Rubus odoratus

96 x 96 (240 x 240)

N P

Rubus x tridel 'Benenden'

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

N P

Salix aegyptiaca

Musk Willow, Calaf of Persica willow, Salix medemii, Persian willow, Egyptian willow

Jan-Feb

Fragrant, Silvery flower catkins

160 x 200
(400 x 500)

Deciduous Shrub

Use at sunny edge of woodland garden or in dappled shade

NPB

Salix alba and it's cultivars

White Willow

Apr-May

960 x (2400 x )

Wildflower ,

N P B

Salix fragilis

Crack Willow

Apr

600 x 600 (1500 x 1500)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Salix purpurea

Purple Willow

Mar-Apr

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Schrizophragma integrifolium

480 x 240 (1200 x 600)

N

Solanum crispum and it's cultivars

240 x 120 (600 x 300)

N

Sorbus aria and it's cultivars

White Beam

May-Jun

360 x 360 (900 x 900)

Wildflower ,

N P

Sorbus aucuparia and it's cultivars

Rowan

May-Jun

600 x 268 (1500 x 660)

Wildflower ,

N P B

Sorbus hupehensis and it's cultivars

300 x 300 (750 x 750)

N P

Sorbus intermedia

Cut-leaved White Beam

480 x 480 (1200 x 1200)

Wildflower ,

N

Staphylea and its cultivars

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N P

Syringa and its cultivars

180 x 144 (450 x 360)

P

Tamarix ramosissima and its cultivars

180 x 180 (450 x 450)

N P

Tilia x euchlora

840 x 600 (2100 x 1500)

N P B

Ulmus and it's cultivars

Elm

840 x 480 (2100 x 1200)

Wildflower ,

P

Viburnum opulus and its cultivars

Guelder Rose

Jun-Jul

180 x 144 (450 x 360)

Wildflower ,

N

Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum

120 x 144 (300 x 360)

N P

Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price'

96 x 84 (240 x 210)

P

Viburnum tinus

Lauristinus

Oct-Apr

Pinkish-white flowers are fragrant and in dense bunches

120 x 120
(300 x 300)

Evergreen Shrub

Popular choice for hedging but may also be grown as a specimen shrub in a mixed border.

P

Vitis and it's cultivars

480 x 120 (1200 x 300)

,
Companions

N P

Weigela 'Bristol Ruby'

96 x 72 (240 x 180)

N B

Wisteria sinensis and it's cultivars

336 x 168 (840 x 420)

N P B

Site design and content copyright ©December 2006. Page structure changed September 2012. External and Internal links added May 2015. Data added to existing pages December 2017. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

Height in inches (cms):-

25.4mm = 1 inch
304.8mm = 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
914.4mm = 1 yard

I normally round this to
25mm = 1 inch
300mm = 30 cms = 12 inches =1 foot,
900 mm = 3 feet = 1 yard and
1000mm = 100 cms = 1 metre = 40 inches

The bee can pollinate the flower, which can then produce a seed. Hymn 881 then instructs the seed:-

Push, little seed,
push, push, little seed,
till your head pops out of the ground.
This is the air,
and now you are there
you can have a look round.
You'll see God's sky,
you'll see God's sun,
you'll feel his raindrops one by one,
as you grow, grow, grow, grow,
grow to be wheat for bread.
So push, little seed,
push, push, little seed,
that the world may be fed.

For my recommendation on what to do with your prunings, kitchen scraps and grass mowings see Compost Bins in Companion Planting Page C, instead of composting them in a small 1 cubic yard domestic garden compost bin.