Colour Wheel - Plant Use and Flower Shape Gallery

Site Map

Introduction explains the 54 links to the 54 colour pages in the Colour Wheel links map below and the tabular Colour Wheel at the top of the middle table in that page.

Dark Tone
or Shades (Colours mixed with Black) is the outer circle of colours.

Mid-Tone
(Colours mixed with Grey) is the next circle of colours.

Pure Hue
(the Primary, Secondary or Tertiary Colour named) is the next circle of colours.

Pastel
(Colours mixed with White) is the innermost circle of colours.

These 12 colour spokes of Dark Tone, Mid-Tone, Pure Hue and Pastel are split into:-

Plant Bloom
Dec-Jan
Feb-Mar

Plant Bloom
Apr-May
Jun-Aug

Plant Bloom
Sep-Oct
Nov-Dec

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-

• 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
• Plants Blue, Orange, Red, Yellow, White, Other Colours which lead on to other pages
• Colour Wheel - All Flowers per Month 12

• Bedding
• Bulb
• Climber
• Deciduous Shrub
• Deciduous Tree
• Evergreen Perennial
• Evergreen Shrub
• Evergreen Tree
• Herbaceous Perennial
• Rhododendron
• Rock Garden and Alpine Flower Colour Wheel
  Rock Plant Flowers 53
• Rose
• Wild Flower

When you have reached the required Flower Colour Page, then click on Flowering Months of the required plant to compare this flower with others
from the same Plant Type - Bulbs, Climbers, Evergreen perennials - in that month
OR
with others from the plants at RHS Wisley in that month

Plant Selection by Flower Colour

Blue Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Wild Flower.
 

Orange Flowers

Bedding.
Wild Flower.

Other Colour Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Wild Flower.

Red Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.

White Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Decid Tree.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.
 

Yellow Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.
 

Site design and content copyright ©September 2019. Amending Table Layout and adding Plant data, December 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the breakage of the link to the Safety Regulations for man walking with Red Flag before Automobile.  

If you are looking for specialist nurseries or garden centres in the UK our plant finder comes complete with an easy to use A-Z list of garden plants that makes finding plants for sale online easy. To help with plant identification we include many photographs and individual plant descriptions.

Once you have found the plant you are looking for we provide easy access to growers and nurseries who have these species for sale, many with mail order or 'online' buying facilities

PLANT USE AND FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES
compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website
- WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES
BESIDES THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY -
combined with those already compared in
Bedding,
Bulb,
Evergreen Perennial,
Herbaceous Perennial and
Roses
pages as linked to in row
Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with this Tip Colour background.

PLANTS FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES

Number of Flower Petals

Petal-less

1

2

3

4

5

Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple

Stars with Single Flowers

Bowls

Cups and Saucers

Globes

Goblets and Chalices

Trumpets

Funnels

Rose Petal Count from Rose Use Gallery
 

Single:
1-7 Petals

Semi-Double:
8-15 Petals
 

Flower Shape - Simple

Bells

Thimbles

Urns

Salver-form

Double:
Page 1,
Page 2
16-25 Petals

Full:
26-40 Petals

Very Full:
40+ Petals

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Tubes, Lips and Straps

Slippers, Spurs and Lockets

Hats, Hoods and Helmets

Stan-dards, Wings and Keels

Discs and Florets

Pin-Cushions

Tufts and Petal-less Cluster

Rose Bloom Shape from Rose Use Gallery

High-Centred,

Cupped,
 

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Cushion

Umbel

Buttons with Double Flowers

Pompoms

Stars with Semi-Double Flowers

Flat,

Globular,
 

Pompon,

Rosette

Natural Arrange-ments

Bunches, Posies and Sprays (Group)

Columns, Spikes and Spires

Whorls, Tiers and Cande-labra

Plumes and Tails

Chains and Tassels

Clouds, Garlands and Cascades

Sphere, Dome (Clusters), Drumstick and Plate

Plant Use

Bedding Out and Bedding Out of Roses

Bedding for Filling In

Bedding for Screening

Bedding for Pots and Troughs

Bedding in Window Boxes

Bedding in Hanging Baskets

Bedding Foliage

Bedding:- Spring

Summer

Winter

Foliage Only

Other than Green Foliage

Trees in Lawn

Trees in Small Gardens
 

Wildflower Garden

Attract Bird
Attract Butterfly
1, 2

Climber on House Wall

Climber not on House Wall

Climber in Tree

Rabbit-Resistant
 

Woodland

Pollution Barrier

Part Shade

Full Shade

Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3

Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm

Hedge

Wind-swept

Covering Banks

Patio Pot

Edging Borders

Back of Border

Poisonous

Adjacent to Water

Bog Garden
 

Tolerant of Poor Soil

Winter-Flowering
 

Fragrant

Not Fragrant

Exhibition

Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'

Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves

Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal

Coastal Con-ditions

Tolerant on North-facing Wall

Cut Flower

Potted Veg Outdoors

Potted Veg Indoors
 

Thornless

Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
 

Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z

Grow in Acidic Soil

Grow in Any Soil

Grow in Rock Garden

Grow Bulbs Indoors

Potted Fruit Outdoors

Potted Fruit Indoors

Fruit Outdoors

The Complete Book of Container Gardening . Consultant Editor: Alan Toogood. Authors: Peter McHoy, Tom Miles , Roy Cheek. Published 1991. ISBN 0-7472-0415-2.

The plants for the containers are split into the following Planting Plans:-

• Alpines and Miniatures within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Attracting Wildlife within Plant Use is Attracting Birds and Attracting Butterflies Pages
• Containers for All Seasons within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Containers for Scent within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Country Containers within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Fruit in Containers within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Functional Containers within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Summer Baskets within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Summer Boxes and Troughs within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Summer Pots, Tubs and Urns within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• The Exotic Look within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• The Oriental Influence within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Vegetables and Herbs within Use as Potted Veg Outdoors Page
• Water Displays within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page
• Winter and Spring Displays within Plant Use in Patio Pot Page

For the Characteristics, Position, Compost and Special Maintenance of the following plants, consult the book.

Botanical
Plant Name for suitable plant for container growing outside

Common Name

Deciduous
(Herbaceous)/ Evergreen/ Semi-evergreen
Plant Type

Flower Colour and Flowering
Season
or
used primarily for its Foliage or Fruit rather than its flowers

Height x Width in inches (cms) -
1 inch = 2.5 cms,
12 inches = 1 foot,
36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard,
40 inches = 100 cms

Foliage Colour

Full Sun,

0.25 shade-0.75 sun,

0.5 shade - 0.5 sun.

0.25 sun - 0.75 shade,

Full Shade

Zone

Needs winter protection

Plant Use

Other kinds to try

Abies balsamea hudsonia 'Nana'

dwarf Balsam Fir

Evergreen Conifer

Used for its foliage

12 (30)

Grey-green needles on smooth grey barked branches

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

6

Most useful for a miniature landscape such as in a windowbox where a little mountain scene can be created with a few rocks and a contrasting ground-hugging carpet of bright green Soleirolia soleirolii or Sedum album 'Coral Carpet'; both provide complementary colour and texture

• Abies concolor 'Glauca Compacta', slow growing 24 (60cm) conifer with steel blue foliage;
• Abies koreana (Korean Fir), conical shape with fairly open branches. This slow growing tree with dark green needles can produce very attractive violet-blue cones that sit on the branches like candles when it is only a few years old.

Abutilon x hybridum

Tree Mallow

Evergreen upright Tree or Shrub

2-3 (5-7cm) long bell-like flowers almost continuously

96 (240)

Green maple-shaped foliage

0.25 shade to 0.75 shade

9

Needs winter protection

Can be trained to any shape. In a hanging basket stop the side-shoots to develop a wide bushy shape. In an urn or pot stop the main shoot low down to allow about 5 shoots to fan out into a screen or, alternatively, gradually nip out the side-shoots to make a standard like a parasol hung with coloured bells.

• 'Canary Bird', extra large primrose yellow flowers;
• 'Ashford Red', soft red bells;
• 'Boule de Neige', white flowers with yellow "striker";
• 'Souvenir de Bonn, orange bells, white-edged leaves, very vigorous;
• 'Cannington Peter', dark crimson flowers, contrasting yellow mottled leaves;
• 'Cannington Carol', scarlet flowers, yellow mottled leaves, the neatest bush for baskets;
• 'Orange Glow', the most floriferous of the tall types;
• 'Lois Marignac', tall growing with light, delicate silvery pink bells;
• 'Cannington Sally', yellow mottled leaves, bright orange-scarlet flowers in profusion;
• Abutilon magapotamicum, yellow and crimson flowers, slim leaves. In a basket will creep down;
• Abutilon suntense 'Violetta', grey-green leaves, violet-blue bell-like flowers in late spring to mid-autumn, sunshine encourages flowers, Zone 7.5.

Acacia pravissima

Fish-tail Mimosa, Wedge-leaved Wattle, Ovens Wattle

Evergreen multi-stemmed small tree

Scented yellow powder-puff flowers in
Mid Spring to Late Spring

96 (240)

Fin-shaped grey-green leaves

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

8

The unique foliage makes this small tree a great attraction for a patio. It can also be fan-trained against a sunny wall.

• Acacia rhetinodes (Acacaia retinoides) (four-seasons mimosa), deliciously scented, primrose yellow flowers all four seasons of the year, grey-green willowy leaves, Zone 9;
• Acacia dealbata (silver wattle), feathery divided grey-green leaves. A very vigorous late-winter flowering tree only for the biggest container, Zone 8;
• Acacia baileyana (Cootamundra wattle), finely divided blue grey leaves, needs more wind shelter, Zone 9.

Acer palmatum

Japanese Maple

Deciduous Shrub or Tree

Used for its foliage

48 (120)

smooth palm-shaped leaves, which are fresh green in spring, yellow and orange in the autumn

0.5 shade-0.5 sun to
Full Shade

7.5

Associates well with other shade-tolerant plants, like hostas, which will grow beneath its delicate network of branches. It gives a light and airy feel to dark places and is most appropriate for oriental themes.

• 'Ozakazuki', leaves turn brilliant scarlet in autumn;
• 'Senkaki', young shoots of coral red look superb in winter;
• 'Butterfly', leaves white-edged with a pink flush, slow growing;
• 'Dissectum', leaves finely cut into feathery fringes;
• Acer negundo 'Flamingo', 84 (210), upright tree, leaves divided into 3 to 5 leaflets each with a broad white margin and a pink flush.

Actinidia chinensis (Actinidia deliciosa)

Chinese Gooseberry, Kiwi fruit

Deciduous vigorous twining Climber

Ivory-buff flowers open beneath the leaves in late spring to mid summer. These are 1.5 inches (4) across and waft a gentle scent in the breeze.

120 (300)

Dark green heart-shaped leaves, 7 (18 cm) long. Reddish hairs on the veins and shoots give interesting texture.

0.5 shade-0.5 sun to
Full Shade

7.5

An excellent quick-growing screen for summer. The fruit when properly ripe is delicious, rich in vitamin C, and the green, delightfully patterned slices are superb for cake decoration. Fruit will keep several months in a cool place (Female plants of 5 years old or more may produce hairy brown fruit, 1-2.5 (2.5-6.5) long, in late autumn depending on cultivation and variety. Remember both male and female plants are needed to produce the fruit).

• 'Hayward', large, broad fruits, the best keeper of all, very late flowers miss frost amage;
• 'Bruno', earlier to flower and longer slimmer fruits, a heavy cropper;
• 'Monty', the most fruitful but rather small;
• Actinidia kolomikta, 80 (200), on mature plants, oval heart-shaped leaves show white ends flushed with pink which cover one third or more of the leaf - a brilliant effect, deliciously scented, early summer flowers and small yellowish fruit.

Adiantum pedatum

Five-fingered Maidenhair Fern

Semi-evergreen Fern with slowly creeping habit

Used for its foliage

16 (40)

Very dainty bright green finger-like divisions to its fronds make an attractive contrast to the shiny black stems

0.25 sun - 0.75 shade to
Full Shade

7.5

A delicate contrast for large-leaved plants, such as Hosta and Bergenia. Looks good around the base of shrubs.

• Adiantum pedatum var aleuticum, from the Aleutian Isles, only 4 (10) high, limy compost;
• Adiantum pedatum var. japonicum, young fronds a delicate rose pink in spring;
• 'Laciniatum', finely divided fronds look like green foam;
• Adiantum venustum, less hardy fern best taken inside for the winter, Zone 9. Triangular fronds with minute segments look like green raindrops.

Aeonium arboreum

Tree aeonium, tree houseleek, or Irish rose

Evergreen shrubby succulentt, subtropical subshrub

Used for its foliage and stems

24 (60)

The thick occasionally branching stems have a snakeskin-like pattern caused by leaf scars. Each stem is crowned with a rosette of shiny green leaves, flower-like in form and up to 6 (15) across. In late spring a pyramid of tiny yellow star-shaped flowers is produced but the flowers reduce the vigour of the plant.

Full sun to
0.75 sun - 0.25 shade

9.5-10

Make sure invading worms do not block the drainage holes of the container with their casts. A mulch of stone chippings aids surface drainage and looks good. To be safe, house in winter in Zone 9 or above.

The unusual habit of this plant makes it invaluable as a contrast with other succulents and cacti. The purple-leaved kinds provide an amazing background for silver-grey Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco', Agave american, Echeveria glauca and the pink Echeveria 'Metallica Rosea'.

• 'Atropurpureum', leaves dark purple in sun;
• 'Schwarxkopf', very similar to above but black-purple foliage;
• Aeonium tabuliforme, leaf rosette like a flat green plate.

Agapanthus campanulatus

Bell Agapanthus

Deciduous hardy herbaceous Perennial

Bright sky-blue bell-shaped flowers in summer

30 (75)

Green strap-shaped leaves emerge in spring to form a dense tuft from which arise shiny green succulent stems topped with a rounded shower of flowers

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7.5

A tub or urn of this plant standing alone looks superb; the robust spray of basal leaves balances the flowers to perfection. However, it is a seasonal plant best put on display during summer but replaced by another container for other seasons.

• Agapanthus campanulatus albus, the same but white flowers;
• Agapanthus praecox orientalis, evergreen, 48 (120) high, bright mid blue flowers, less hardy, Zone 8.5;
• Agapanthus praecox orientalis pallidus, light blue flowers;
• Agapanthus praecox orientalis 'Variegatus', white-edged leaves contrast with mid blue flowers.

Agave americana

Sentry plant, century plant, maguey or American aloe

Perennial evergreen succulent

Its geometric and dramatic shape is perfect for surmounting a pillar; a living finial. It rarely flowers in a container

18 (45)

Thick succulent grey-green leaves form a dramatic rosette. Each bulky leaf has a horny toothed margin reminiscent of a crocodile's jaw.

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

9

If winter rain is high in Zone 9, a transparent cover over the top (not the sides) of the plant keeps it dry and helps to prevent rotting. In colder zones, bring inside for the winter

Its geometric and dramatic shape is perfect for surmounting a pillar; a living finial. It rarely flowers in a container. Its natural defences are also useful and it can be placed to keep people away.

• 'Variegata', leaves broadly margined with creamy white;
• 'Mediopicta', leaves with bright yellow centre';
• 'Mediopicta Alba', leaves with pure white centre;
• Agave sisalana 'Variegata', white-edged leaves lack the tough teeth of Agave americana and are more flexible - a kinder plant alongside a path.

Ageratum houstonianum

Floss flower, bluemink, blueweed, pussy foot or Mexican paintbrush

Tender hummock-shaped Annual

Powder puff-like light blue flowers with a of mauve. The flowers retain their clear colour for a long time from summer through to autumn

18 (45)

The rounded 1 (2.5) green leaves form a rounded bushlet which becomes covered by flowers

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

The shorter kinds are normally used as an edging to a container to "cushion" the taller plants, but they can also look well in a trough as a carpet through which taller open-textured plants like the marguerites (Argyranthemum) can spring.

• 'Blue Mink', extremely popular, dense-flowered, 10 (25);
• 'Blue Danube', early-flowering dwarf, 10 (25);
• 'Tall Blue', tall enough at 18 (45) to fill in between popular bedding plants like Antirrhinum and China aster (Callistephus)

Alchemilla mollis

Lady's Mantle, Garden Lady's-mantle

Clump-forming herbaceous Perennial

Sprays of tiny greenish-yellow flowers occur in mid summer

20 (50)

Rounded pale green leaves about 3 (7.5) across, each one slightly folded at the veins, rather like a reversed umbrella, and covered with short fine sliky hairs.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

It makes an excellent groundcover beneath Acer palmatum 'Dissectum Atropurpureum' or Leptospermum scoparium 'Red Damask', its wide leaves with silvery slky hairs a perfect foil for the crimson shrubs.

• Alchemilla conjuncta, 12 (30), small dainty leaves have several leaflets reminiscent of horse-chestnut folliage;
• Alchemilla alpina, 6 (15), similar to above.

Allium cepa

Common Onion

Loosely-tufted biennial bulb

Used for its foliage

12 (30)

The leaves are hollow and round in cross-section. When young, as in salad onions, they stand upright and are a glossy dark green

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

7

In texture and form onions contrast well with the flat rounded rosettes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and the fluffy humps of curled parsley (Petroselinum crispum). The fine leaves and dainty flowers of Lobelia erinus trailing down over the edge of a container of salad onions also look delightful.

• 'White Lisbon', quick growing, silvery skin, mild flavour;
• 'White Lisbon Winter Hardy', can be sown in lte autumn;
• 'Ishikura', like thin leeks with no basal bulb, they can be used over a long period;
• Allium schoenoprasum (chive), a perennial grass-like herb from the Allium family; carries purple flower balls.

Althaea rosea (Alcea rosea)

Common Hollyhock

Tall spike-shaped biennial

The bell-like flowers of rose, pink, cream or yellow are each up to 3 (7.5) across and open from summer to autumn. The centre of the flower is often darker and the column of yellow stamens that spring from within gives further contrast.

84 (210)

The rounded rough 5 (12.5) leaves form a green base for the towering flower spike.

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

7

This is a key plant for creating a cottage-garden effect. There can be no equal to frame a doorway or fill a corner between 2 walls. It complements the delicate-flowered billowing plants such as Gypsophila, Heliotropium or white margueurites (Argyranthemum).

• Single Rust-resistant Mixed, 84 (210), mixed colours, practically immune to rust disease;
• 'Chater's Double', 72 (180), mixed colours, peony-form doubles;
• 'Summer Carnival', 72 (180), mixed colours, double, can be grown as an annual;
• 'Powder Puffs', 72 (180), mixed colours, very double flowers densely packed;
• 'Silver Puffs', 24 (60), silver-pink doubles.

Alyssum maritimum (Lobularia maritima)

Sweet alyssum, Sweet alison

Spreading hardy Annual

White flowers with a gentle scent, which are on display from summer to autumn.

6 (15)

The quick-spreading growth is a mass of tiny oval grey-green leaves, which soon become almost completely covered with heads of flowers

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Invaluable as a low edging to containers and a good foil for strong coloured neighbours, such as petunias and scarlet-flowered pelargoniums. Sweet alyssum is also attractive to butterflies.

• 'Little Dorrit', 4 (10), white, compact habit;
• 'Snow Carpet', 3 (7.5), white, ground hugging;
• 'Royal Carpet', 3 (7.5), rich purple and ground hugging;
• 'Wonderland', 6 (15), pinky purple;
• Alyssum saxatile (Aurinia saxatilis), perennial evergreen alpine, 8 (20) with grey-green leaves and golden-yellow flowers, a good edging plant for spring;
• 'Citrina', soft lemon yellow, a gentler colour contrast for associating with Aubretia.

Amaranthus caudatus

Love-lies-bleeding, pendant amaranth, tassel flower, velvet flower, foxtail amaranth, and quilete.

Bushy annual

During summer and autumn towards the tips of the branches hang 18 (45) tassels of crimson-red flowers

40 (100)

Strong branching growth with oval pointed slightly corrugated light green leaves.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

A high container, such as an urn on a pedestal or a large window, shows this plant off best since it allows the dark tassels to hang down. Amaranthus looks well with plants of upright habit and dainty daisy flowers such as Argyranthemum frutescens.

• 'Viridis', similar with green tassels;
• Amaranthus hybridus erythrostachys 'Red Fox' (prince's feather), leaves purplish green, the crimson plumes are upright and about 6 (15) long;
• Amaranthus hybridus 'Green Thumb', similar to above but green plumes;
• Amaranthus hybridus 'Illumination', similar but grown for its foliage which is rich crimson-scarlet, marked yellow and bronze.

Anagallis arvensis caerulea

Blue Pimpernel

Annual

In summer the plant is covered with star-shaped deep blue flowers. In the centre of each flower are 5 small yellow stamens which, although small, provide an attractive contrast to the petals.

12 (30)

This forms a dense spreading cover of tiny lance-shaped green leaves.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

A valuable summer ground cover plant for a windowbox. It looks attractive around the base of spiky Cordyline australis with an edging of Alyssum maritimum 'Snw Carpet'.

It is also useful in pots and hanging baskets. The Blue Pimpernel flower is open only when the sun shines. The habit of closing in dull weather and when rain is approaching has given the plant the name Poor Man's Weather-Glass. This caerulea variety of Anagallis is not as famous as Scarlet Pimpernel, but you cannot go wrong with adding this blue version to your flower garden. The Blue Pimpernel plant establishes easily and quickly grows and spreads to produce nice ground cover plants.

• Anagellis tenella 'Studland', 0.5 (12mm) carpet of tiny round to oval leaves on stems which will trail down over the edge of a hanging basket, star-shaped bright pink flowers. Plant at the edge of a tub pond as it liks moisture.
• If consumed, Pimpernel ground cover plants can be toxic to livestock and humans. 
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Anemone blanda

Mountain windflower, Winter windflower, Sapphire anemone, Balkan anemone, Grecian windflower

Spreading Perennial Tuber

It has dainty daisy-like flowers spring flowers. Each flower measures 2 (5) across with 10 or more petals held on an upright stem

4 (10)

The leaves are made up of 3 deeply divided leaflets. This dainty foliage makes an attractive carpeting background for the flowers.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

The ferny foliage and dainty flowers give an informal display for spring unmatched by tulips or daffodils. However, they can be used as a carpet beneath white or lemon yellow Narcissus of modest size, such as 'Cheerfulness', 'Niveth' and 'Tresamble', which do not clash or obscure the anemones with over-lush foliage.

It grows in any well-drained soil which dries out in summer; hence it is often used for underplanting deciduous trees which provide the necessary conditions. It rapidly colonises any favoured location. The dark green foliage dies down in summer.

• 'Atrocaerulea', dark blue;
• 'Radar', reddish carmine;
• 'White Splendour', white;
• Anemone coronaria similar to above but 10 (25) high and with 5-8-petalled buttercup-like flowers, 3 (7.5) across;
• Anemone coronaria De Caen 'Hollandia', brilliant scarlet;
• Anemone coronaria De Caen 'Mr Fokker', bright blue;
• Anemone coronaria De Caen 'Mixed', purples, reds, blues, pinks.

Anthemis nobilis (Chamae-melum nobilis)

Chamomile, Roman chamomile, English chamomile, garden chamomile, ground apple, low chamomile, mother's daisy or whig plant

Evergreen mat-forming Perennial

Daisy flowers,
0.25 (5-7mm) across, white with yellow centres open in late summer to contrast with the dark rippling mat of foliage

4 (10)

Very finely divided moss-like leaves spread to form a deep emerald green carpet

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

6

Widely grown as a scented carpet of foliage, there is no reason why chamomile cannot be used in a container to form a green cushioned seat or even a bed on which to lie and enjoy the aroma. It has the advantage of being more tolerant of drought than most lawn grasses. In a container it can form a small alpine lawn surrounded by rock-garden plants. It is the ingredient for tonics and hair washes, and the flowers can be picked to make a tea.
It can also be used to create a fragrant chamomile lawn.

• 'Treneague', non-flowering and less invasive, a better neighbour for small alpines and for reduced maintenance, but it does need full sun;
• 'Flore Pleno', double flowers like dainty white buttons.

Antirrhinum majus

Snapdragon, Common Snapdragon.

Perennial Sib-shrub but grown as an Annual

Arranged in spikes, the flowers are tubular, up to 2 (5) long, with 2 lips. The lower lip is pouched and has a flexible hinge which insects can push back to gain access - amusing for children to watch. Antirr-hinums flower almost continuously during the summer.

30 (75)

Erect and branched from the base, the stems are clothed with smooth lance-shaped green leaves up to 2 (5) long.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8

The taller types spear through flat-topped bedding plants like Tagetes or Ageratum, while the dwarf kinds form a carpet.

The plants are pollinated by bumblebees.

• Madame Butterfly Series, 30 (75), double, mixed colours for a massed display;
• 'Coronette', 24 (60), mixed colours, a well-packed spike of two-lipped flowers followed by a coronet of secondary spires.
• Some resistance to rust:- Princess Series, 15 (38), single-flowered bush plants, at present in 1991 the most rust-resistant kind, mixed or sometimes in separate colours;
• Floral Showers Series, 8 (20), compact, mixed colours, can be used as edging.

Arabis albida (Arabis caucasica)

White rock-cress, Double Rock Cress, Wall Rock Cress, Caucasian Rock Cress, Garden arabis

Evergreen mat-forming Perennial Alpine

In spring it becomes covered with clusters of white flowers

6 (15)

Loose cushions of slightly greyish green oval leaves

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun
Ensure it has some shade during the day in warmer climates or it will go very straggly.

6

It makes an excellent snowy white carpet for a spring container. Mixed with blue winter-flowering pansies, it is a brilliant foil for hyacinth 'Pink Pearl', or early-flowering tulips 'Peach Blossom' or 'Brilliant Star', since all 3 bulbs are short stemmed.

Member of Wildflower Cabbage Family.

• 'Plena', double white flowers which last longer than the species;
• 'Variegata', leaves edged creamy white which form an attractive carpet even when not in flower;
• 'Rosabella', single pink flowers;
• Arabis blepharophylla, 4 9100 high plant similar to above but with stiff hairs on leaf edges and purplish pink flowers.

Argy-ranthemum frutescens

Marguerite, Paris daisy, marguerite daisy

Evergreen Sub-shrub

The dainty daisy flowers appear in summer and are about 1.5 (4) across with sparkling white rays and yellow centres.

The inflore-scences are loose umbrella grapes from four to 30 flowers.

24 (60)

The attractive branches are smooth and grey-green as most plants are propagated annually so the shrubby habit has not had time to develop. The leaves are deeply divided into thin segments (0.125-0.25 (3-5 mm) long. Overall the effect is of a greygreen feathery dome.

Full Sun to
0.75 shade - 0.25 sun

9

Perhaps the most adaptable container plant, it can be used as a natural dome or trained to any shape - ball, pyramid or standard. It will brighten any dull doorway and is a superb alternative to a standard bay tree.

During the summer time they mostly attract butterflies since they are known for being a showy flower.

Cultivars do not come true from seed, but cuttings may be taken from prized plants in late summer for overwintering.

• Argyranthemum gracile 'Chelsea Girl', white flowers, leaves like fine grey-green hair;
• Argyranthemum foeniculaceum 'Royal Haze', sparse white flowers, fine blue-grey foliage;
• Argyranthemum coronopifolium, white flowers, 12 (30) spreading broader, grey-green leaves;
• Argyranthemum x 'Sark', white, double; 'Edelweiss' and 'Quinta White' are similar;
• Argyranthemum callichrysum 'Penny', yellow flowers, more compact and floriferous than the widely available 'Jamaica Primrose';
• Argyranthemum callichrysum 'Prado', many bright yellow flowers, 20 (50), floriferous;
• Argyranthemum maderense, primrose flowers, 12 (30), spreading grey-green foliage;
• Argyranthemum x 'Vancouver', rich pink, double, a deeper coloured more compact for of 'Mary Wooton';
• Argyranthemum 'Wellwood Park', deep pink, single;
• Argyranthemum x 'Powder Puff', fine grey-green foliage, small double feather tufts of pale pink flowers;
• Argyranthemum haematomma 'Rollason's Red', the darkest coloured marguerite of them all, a spreading lant with crimson-rose single flowers, fading to deep pink in full sun.

Armeria maritima 'Vindictive'

Sea pink, Thrift

Evergreen dwarf Sub-shrub

In summer stiff wiry stems are topped with round clusters of many bright pink flowers.

4 (10)

Forms a hummock of greyish dark green grassy leaves which is attractive at all times.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

6

The attractive green domes contrast well in a windowbox with a coarser-texured carpet of Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco', with its silvery spoon-shaped leaves, or the russet red rosettes of Sempervivum tectorum (common houseleek).

Does well on gritty soil and in full sun.

• Armeiria pseudrmaria 'Bees Ruby', 12 (30) in a bigger version of the 'Vindinctive' with flatter, longer and greener leaves, ruby red flowers;
• Armeria juniperifolia (Armeria caespitosa), densely cushioned, 3 (7.5) grey-green leaves.

Arundinaria viridistriata (Pleioblastus auricoma,
Arundinaria auricoma)

Gold striped bamboo

Evergreen slow spreading bamboo

Used for its foliage and cane colour

60 (150)

The canes are mainly clump forming but spread slowly. They are pale creamy yellow when young gradually becoming purplish. The leaves are bright green with broad yellow stripes although the pattern varies. Each leaf is about 6 (15) long and 1.5 (4) across.

Full Sun to
0.75 shade - 0.25 sun

6

One of the best bamboos for a tub for its medium stature allows its use on patios of modest size where it gives an oriental effect all year. Good partners are Fatsia japonica, with big evergreen palm-shaped leaves, and Euoymus fortunei 'SilverQueen', prostrate and slivery.

Bamboo Botanicals is very pleased to be exhibiting a portion of our bamboo collection at the UBC Botanical Garden. Combined with some already existing bamboo at the UBC Botanical Garden, this collaboration will bring many exciting and unique bamboos from around the world and have them displayed right here in Vancouver. The Bamboo Botanicals Collection will provide the public with a great experience and opportunity to view and learn about bamboos.

• Arundinaria variegata (Pleioblastus variegatus) (dwarf white-striped bamboo), 48 (120) canes which are pale green and slender, leaves dark green with brilliant white stripes which vary in width;
• Arundinaria murielae (Thamnocalamus spathaceus), 120 (300), apple green leaves, makes a good screen.

Arundo donax

A long term Giant reed cropping system, characterized by low tillage intensity, positively affect the amount and quality of soil organic matter.

Giant Reed, giant cane, carrizo, arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado river reed, wild
cane

Deciduous, giant grass

The whitish yellow panicles of smmer are not its chief beauty

192 (480)

A giant grass that looks very much like a bamboo, with very thick vertical stems, and floppy blue-green lance-shaped leaves.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8.5

Provides an excellent "tropical" background in the summer as it contrasts well with other exotic looking subjects such as the red rhubarb, Rheum palmatum 'Atrosanguineum', whose broad rounded leaves and foamy pink floweres look well against a tall blue-green background.

Plant Combination: Dwarf Greenstripe Bamboo (Arundinaria viridistriata) and Hosta montana ‘Aureomarginata’

'Versicolor' ('Variegata', leaves with broad creamy white stripes, 84 (210), slower growing than the species, therefore much more useful for containers.

Arundo donax is listed on Schedule 9 of The Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order (1985), as amended, as an invasive non-native species. While this does not prevent it from being sold or being grown in gardens in Northern Ireland, the RHS encourages those that do grow it to take great care with managing it and with disposing of unwanted material.

Asparagus sprengeri (Asparagus densiflorus)

Sprenger's Asparagus fern

Evergreen trailing Perennial

Small insignificant white flowers in summer are sometimes followed by red berries.

24 (60)

This bushy and trailing foliage plant has slim somewhat wiry stems covered with very narrow bright green "leaves".

0.25 shade - 0.75 sun to
Full Shade

9

Flowers and fruit are not reliable and it is the trailing stems with their mass of fine bright green "foliage" that is of great value in hanging baskets and windowboxes. The light texture balances such large bright heavy hads as African Marigolds (Tagetes).

Aster amellus 'King George'

European Michaelmas Daisy. Upton have grown and looked after a National Collection of asters and Symphyo-trichum species since 1985.

Deciduous Herbaceous Perennial

It is covered in late summer and autumn with 1.5 (4) diameter blue-violet, yellow centred daisy flowers.

20 (50)

Clumps of round to oval rough green leaves

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

7

It is an outstanding autumn-flowering plant for attracting butterflies, equalled only by Sedum spectabile, whose fine-textured pink flowers will provide a good contrast.

It combines beautifully with yellows, definitely try it with Rudbeckia, deep purples and whites.  It also looks great mixed with grasses. Bees and butterflies love landing on the flowers as there is plenty of pollen and nectar for them.

• 'Violet Queen', deep violet;
• 'Pink Zenith', mauvy pink;
• Aster thomsonii 'Nanus', dainty blue flowers, 16 (40), long flowering season through most of simmer and autumn

Astilbe chinensis 'Pumila'

Herbaceous Perennial

Fluffy spikes of fine raspberry red flowers in summer and early autumn

12 (30)

The mound of attractive deeply toothed divided leaves is topped bt flowers.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Theylike wet soil and so thrive at the edge of a pool where the fine leaves and fluffy flowers loo superb with the round leaves and clear-cut flowers of white waterlilies.

• 'Fanal', crimson red, 24 (60);
• 'Sprite', shell pink, 20 (50);
• 'Irrlicht', white, 20 (50).

Aubretia deltoidea

Purple rock-cress

Evergreen Perennial Alpine

The flowers, each about 0.75 (1.5) across, have 4 petals which are violet-blue to purple. They open in mid spring.

2 (5)

The ground-hugging trailing stems are covered with tiny greyish green leaves.

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

6

Forms a good short carpet beneath tiny bulbs like Crocus chrysanthus 'Snowbunting' or early double tulip 'Peach Blossom'. Aubretia will also trail over the edge of the container to soften the outline.

• 'Dr Mules', semi-double, purple;
• 'Red Carpet', purplish red;
• 'Argenteo-variegata', violet-pink with white-edged leaves, slower growing.

Aucuba japonica 'Picturata'

Spotted Laurel

Evergreen Shrub

---

60 (150)

Rounded to upright bush with thick green branches well covered with smooth, shiny, leaves of bright green margin with some yellow spotting and the centre of is a brilliant clear yellow.

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7

Although hardy in most areas it is decidely tropical in appearance and is in appearance and is a fine background to the brilliant red winter twigs of Acer palmatum 'Senkaki'. It is tolerant of atmospheric pollution.

• 'Variegata', the most common form. It has yellow-spotted leaves but there are different forms available, some better than others, some male and others female so fruiting is possible;
• 'Crotonifolia', heavily mottled yellow and normally male, so will not fruit.

Ballota pseudo-dictamnus

False dittany

Evergreen Sub-shrub

In summer whorls of small pale mauve-pink flowers are produced. Each of these is backed by a grey-green rosette of sepals which persist through autumn and winter.

24 (60)

Woolly grey-green rounded leaves on woolly grey upright and spreading stems form an attractive rounded shrub of soft colour and texture.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

It has a wonderful softening effect and looks good with the large shiny purplish leaves of Bergenia or the pink and bronze leaves of Phormium tenax 'Sundowner' at its base. It also associates well with fuchsias and chyranthemums.

• Ballota acetabulosa, similar leaves not quite so grey and with slightly crimped edges.

Begonia semperflorens

Fibrous-rooted Begonia

Fleshy tender Evergreen grown as an Annual

Single pink flowers with rounded petals and a little ball of yellow stamens arise from each leaf axil. They will flower continuously from mid summer to late autumn if growth can continue.

12 (30)

Deep green glistening leaves, 3 (8) long, are oval to rounded and slightly cupped.

Full Sun to
0.75 shade - 0.25 sun

10

An excellent long-flowering filler, its shiny leaves contrast well with feather silver-leaved foliage plants such as Senecio cinaria.

• 'Olypia Red', green foliage, scarlet-red flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Olympia White', green foliage, white flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Olympia Pink', green foliage, pink flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Ambra Red', bronze foliage, vivid red flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Ambra White', bronze foliage, pink flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Ambra Pink', bronze foliage, pink flowers, 6 (15);
• 'Pendula Mixed', trailing habit, pink, red and white flowers, 6 (15)

Begonia x tuberhybrida multiflora

Tuberous begonia

Tender Herbaceous Perennial

Rosette-like flowers, 2 (5) diameter, some double some semi-double, open during summer to mid autumn. Colours vary with variety.

12 (30)

Triangular leaves of green, off-centred, about 6 (15) long, form a fairly bushy plant

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

These very colourful flowers can form the main planting in a container. They can be grown from seed or tubers and look good with Argyranthemum.

• 'Non-Stop Red', red double flowers in a long succession;
• also 'Non-Stop Rose', rose pink;
• 'Non-Stop Apricot', 'Non-Stop White' - all have double flowers over a long season;
• 'Chanson Mixed', a range of flower colours, pendulous stems up to 24 (60) long - superb for hanging baskets;
• 'Apricot Cascade', double orange-apricot flowers, pendulous habit;
• 'Illumination', similar but salmon-pink.

Bellis perennis 'Red Carpet'

Double Daisy

Hardy Perennial Herbaceous plant

Red double button-like flowers, 1 (2.5) across. Normally grown as a biennial.

6 (15)

A tight rosette of rounded green leaves gives rise in spring to flowers.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

6

A good carpet for tulips such as the yellows 'Westpoint' and 'Golden Melody', or the white 'Kansas'.

• 'White Carpet', white, double, a good background for red and yellow tulips such as 'Colour Cardinal';
• 'Pink carpet', pink, double, a nice carpet for ruby-purple lily-flowered tulip 'Captain Fryatt' and 'White Triumphator';
• 'Pomponette', a miniature at 4 (10) high, with numerous button-like flowers in red, pink, white or mixed colours.

Berberis x stenophylla 'Corallina Compacta'

Evergreen dwarf Shrub

Bright orange flowers in mid to late spring.

12 (30)

A neat hump with spiny stems with tiny shiny green lance-shaped leaves.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

5

This tough little shrub has sufficient spines to deter cats and dogs so plant to defend the corner of a trough. It does help protect small bulbs like Iris retilulata, crocus and snowdrops which stand out well against its dark green leaves. Later in spring its orange flowers look well with Narcissus 'Sweetness'.

• Berberis x stenophylla 'Irwinii', about 36 (90), otherwise similar.

Bergenia 'Ballawley'
(Megasea 'Ballawley')

Evergreen Perennial

The flowers are bright crimson-rose borne on red stems well above the foliage in early to mid spring.

24 (60)

Round-to-oval leaves up to 12 (30) across and dark green but turn deep burgundy red in winter.

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7

The reddish purple leaves are an excellent background for the white flowers of snowdrops and Helleborus niger. Grape hyacinth (Muscari) flowers at the same time to give a blue contrast to the crimson-rose flowers.

• 'Silberlicht', ('Silver Light'), flowers white with pink centre, 12 (30), leaves more rounded and green;
• Bergenia ciliata, flowers white becoming pink with age, 12 (30), leaves purplish and hairy - these can be damaged by very hard frost but will grow again.

Beta vulgaris cicla

Swiss chard (silver sea kale)

Biennial ornamental Vegetable

No flowers

24 (60)

Unlike beetroot, this vegetable has no bulbous root; it is the large bright green puckered leaves that are eaten. Its attraction is in the broad white leaf stems and midribs which contrast so well with the leaf blades.

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

The dramatic leaves make an excellent textural contrast with the ferny foliage of carrots. The leaves can be picked, cooked andeaten just like spinach.

• 'Lucillus' (rhubarb chard), similar to Swiss chard but with glistening crimson-red leaf stems and veins, looks good with white-variegated hairy-leaved Mentha rotundifolia 'Variegata' (apple mint);
• Beta vulgaris, this is the normal beetroot worth growing for its attractive 12 (30) purplish leaves;
• Beta vulgaris Hortensis, there are various forms of these ornamental beets, most have deep purple leaves but the small roots are not worth eating.

Betula Pendula 'Tristis'

Elegant weeping Birch

Deciduous Tree

120 (300)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

3

Bidens ferulifolia

Trailing Annual

24 (60)

Full Sun to
0.75 shade - 0.25 sun

9

Bougainvillea glabra

Semi-evergreen woody scrambling Climber

84 (210)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

9.5

Brachycome iberidifolia 'Tinkerbell'

Swan River Daisy

Annual

18 (45)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

9

Brassica oleracea 'Variegata'

Ornamental Cabbage

Biennial evergreen Vegetable

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Browallia speciosa

Bush violet

Bushy Perennial grown as an Annual

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

10

Buddleia davidii nanhoensis

Blue Nanho Buddleia

Deciduous Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

5

Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa'

Dwarf Box

Evergreen Shrub

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

6

Calceolaria 'Sunshine'

Slipper Flower

Tender Perennial grown as an Annual

10 (25)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

Calendula officinalis 'fiesta Gitana'

Pot Marigold

Bushy Annual

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

Callicarpa bodinieri giraldii

Beauty Fruit

Deciduous Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

Callistemon rigidus

Bottlebrush

Evergreen Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

8

Callistephus chinensis 'Milady Blue'

Chinese Aster

Annual

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.25 shade - 0.75 sun

10

Calluna vulgaris 'Robert Chapman'

Scotch Heather

Evergreen Shrublet

18 (45)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

5

Camellia reticulata 'Butterfly Wings'
('Houye Diechi')

Evergreen Shrub

48 (120)

0.25 shade - 0.75 sun to
0.75 shade - 0.25 sun

9

Campanula isophylla

Bellflower

Perennial trailer, can grow as an annual

4 (10)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8

Canna x generalis

Indian Shot

Rhizomatous Perennial

36 (90)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

8

Capsicum annuum 'Redskin'

Red Pepper (Chilli Pepper)

Annual branching fruit

14 (35)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

Carex oshimensis 'Evergold'
(Carex morrowii 'Evergold')

Evergreen Perennial Sedge

8 (20)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

7

Cassia corymbosa

Evergreen Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8

Cassiope x 'Edinburgh'

Dwarf Evergreen Shrub

8 (20)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

3

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens

Californian lilac

Low Evergreen Shrub

24 (60)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

Celosia plumosa 'Century Mixed'

Prince of wales Feathers

Tender Perennial grown as an Annual

16 (40)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

Chamae-cyparis obtusa 'Crippsii'

Golden Hinoki Cypress

Evergreen Conifer

40 (100)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

6

Chamaerops humilis

Dwarf Fan Palm

Evergreen Palm

48 (120)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

9

Cheiranthus cheiri 'Orange Bedder'

Wallflower

Perennial grown as an annual

12 (30)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Chlorophytum comosum 'Vittatum'

Spider Plant

Evergreen tufted Perennial

12 (30)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

10

Choisya ternata

Mexican Orange Blossom

Evergreen rounded Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7.5

Chry-santhemum rubellum 'Clara Curtis'

Hardy Perennial

24 (60)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7.5

Cistus x aguilari 'Maculatus'

Sun Rose

Evergreen Shrub

36 (90)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

Citrus limon

Lemon

Evergreen bushy Shrub

48 (120)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

9.5

Clematis armandii

Strong Evergreen climbing Shrub

120 (300)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

7.5

Clianthus puniceus

Lobster Claw

Evergreen scrambling Climber

84 (210)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

8

Coleus blumei 'Brightness'

Tender bushy Perennial grown as an annual

18 (45)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

10

Convallaria majalis

Lily of the Valley

Spreading Herbaceous Perennial

6 (15)

3

Convolvulus Mauritanicus
(Convolvulus sabatius)

Trailing Perennial

6 (15)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8

Coprosma x kirkii 'Variegata'

Evergreen prostrate Shrub

12 (30)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

8.5

Cordyline australis

New Zealand Lily Palm, Torbay Palm

Evergreen upright Tree

72 (180)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

8.5

Coronilla glauca

Evergreen Shrub

30 (75)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7.5

Cortaderia selloana 'Pumila'

Dwarf Pampas Grass

Evergreen clump-forming Perennial Grass

48 (120)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Corylus avellana

Twisted Hazel

Deciduous slow-growing Shrub

60 (150)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

4

Cotoneaster conspcuus

Evergreen Shrub

36 (90)

Full Sun to
0.25 Sun - 0.75 Shade

5

Crocus chry-santhus 'Blue Pearl'

Hardy Corm

2.5 (6)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

6

Cryptomeria jponica 'Elegans Compacta'

Dwarf Japanese Cedar

Evergreen Conifer

40 (100)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

7

Cucurbita pepo 'Gold Rush'

Golden Zucchini

Tender spreading Annual

20 (50)

Full Sun to
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun

10

Cupressus cashmeriana

Kasmir Cypress

Evergreen Conferous Tree

84 (195)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

9

Cyclamen neapolitanum
(Cyclamen hederifolium)

Hardy Herbaceous tuberous plant

4 (10)

6

Cyperus alternifolius
(Cyperus involucratus)

Umbrella Plant

Evergreen Perennial Sedge

24 (60)

Full Sun to
Full Shade

9

Cytisus x kewensis

Small Broom

Deciduous spreading Shrub

12 (30)

7

ZONES Chart - Zones designate the lowest range of temperatures in which a plant will normally survive. Thus a plant in Zone 8 will normally survive between -12C and -6C (10F and 20F). Britain and Ireland are within zones 7-9 inclusive.

Deciduous plant - normally loses all its leaves in the winter. It may have different coloured coloured spring or autumn foliage

Evergreen plant - normally retains most of its leaves throughout the year. Evergreens are effective visually all year round and are useful as a permanent screen or shelter

Semi-evergreen plant - normally retains some leaves during a typical winter or dormant season.

House in winter to protect plant from severe frost damage. Move the plant pot into a greenhouse, or near a window for light in the house, shed or garage.

Since there is some seasonal variation in when a plant blooms from year to year, it cannot be precise but is a useful guide. Seasons are given rather than months since the former apply worldwide.

Plants vary in their requirement of direct sunlight: some have a wide tolerance, others have precise needs. Generally the middle of the range shown will give the best results. The shade section shows the proportion of daylight hours that the plant should be without direct sun:-

Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7.5
8
9
10

Centigrade
below -45
-45 to -40
-40 to -34
-34 to -29
-29 to -23
-23 to -18
-18 to -15
-15 to -12
-12 to -6
-6 to -1
-1 to 5

Fahrenheit
below -50
-50 to -40
-40 to -30
-30 to -20
-20 to -10
-10 to 0
0 to 5
5 to 10
10 to 20
20 to 30
30 to 40

blooms mid winter
blooms late winter
blooms mid spring
blooms late spring
blooms mid summer
blooms late summer
booms mid autumn
blooms late autumn

Direct Sun all day
No direct Sun for a quarter of the day
No direct sun for half the day
No direct sun for 3 quarters of the day
No direct Sun

or

Full Sun,
0.25 shade-0.75 sun,
0.5 shade - 0.5 sun.
0.25 sun - 0.75 shade,
Full Shade