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Flower. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
Foliage. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
Form. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
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Plant Name |
Phlomis russeliana " Curtis’s Botanical Magazine provides an international forum of particular interest to botanists and horticulturists, plant ecologists and those with a special interest in botanical illustration. Now well over two hundred years old, the Magazine is the longest running botanical periodical featuring colour illustrations of plants. Each four-part volume contains 24 plant portraits reproduced from watercolour originals by leading international botanical artists. Detailed but accessible articles combine horticultural and botanical information, history, conservation and economic uses of the plants described." with hand-coloured engraving of this plant. |
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Common Name |
Turkish sage, phlomis |
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Soil |
Chalk, Sand or Loam |
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Sun Aspect |
Full Sun, Part Shade, Full Shade |
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Soil Moisture |
Moist and Well-drained |
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Plant Type |
Herbaceous Perennial |
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Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
36 x 30 (90 x 75) |
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Foliage |
Softly wrinkled, ovate leaves, grey-green on the upper side, whitish and densely hairy beneath. |
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Flower Shape, Natural Arrangement, Number of Petals and Flower Colour in Month(s). Seed |
The hooded, yellow flowers are carried in whorls at intervals up the stout flowering stem in May-September |
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Comment |
Erect Form. Pruning Group 14. "Turkish sage is an attractive, long-flowering perennial. Within the horticultural trade it is sometimes known by the (misapplied) name Phlomis viscosa, because of its sticky leaves. The well-known gardener William Robinson (1838-1935) described the genus Phlomis as: ‘A group of old-fashioned shrubs and perennial plants’, and P. viscosa itself as: ‘A rather clammy plant...with...numerous bright yellow flowers of fine effect’. Dr John Sims, who succeeded William Curtis as editor of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine from 1799 to 1827, formally named this plant (as Phlomis lunariifolia var. russeliana, in 1825), but he confused it with a similar species (P. pungens Willd.) collected in Syria and illustrated by G.D. Ehret in Alexander Russell’s The Natural History of Aleppo (1786). Turkish sage is a herbaceous perennial, growing to about 90 cm tall, spreading above and below ground, with softly wrinkled, ovate leaves, grey-green on the upper side, whitish and densely hairy beneath. The hooded, yellow flowers appear from May to September, and are carried in whorls at intervals up the stout flowering stem. The flowers are about 3 cm long and are bee-pollinated. The fruit is a nutlet. Turkish sage is a hardy species of Phlomis, which can be grown in any good, well-drained soil, in sun or partial shade. It has a long flowering-period, stretching from late spring to early autumn. It does well in sunny borders in British gardens, and is drought tolerant when established. Propagation can be carried out by division of the clumps. Phlomis russeliana can be seen growing near Victoria Gate and in the Rock Garden at Kew." from Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. "The flowers are also worth leaving on in winter as they look magical when covered in frost. In mid-spring shorten any frost-damaged stems, cutting back to just above a healthy bud. Remove any weak or diseased shoots, cutting cleanly back to the base." from Crocus. "Phlomis are excellent drought tolerant herbaceous or shrubby perennials. They often have felted leaves. All have flowers arranged in whorls up the stems and pepper pot seed heads. Propagation can be from seed but is also easy by division. They appreciate well-drained soil and sunny spot. All the varieties we grow are completely hardy. An excellent booklet on Phlomis ("Phlomis the Neglected Genus") was published by the NCCPG in the UK. The National Plant Collection Holder, Mr J. Mann Taylor, also publishes details of the plants on the NCCPG Gloucester Website. Heart-shaped, felted, mid-green, wintergreen leaves form weed-smothering clumps about 1ft tall and up to 1ft 6" across. The candelabra flower stem grow to 2ft 6in - 3ft tall and bear yellow hooded flowers between May and July. The seed heads last through the winter and look great when dusted with frost. Remove the seed heads in February unless you want plenty of self-seeds." from Special Perennials. Available from Crocus and Special Perennials in the UK with Lazy S'S Farm Nursery in America and Nutshell Perennial Nursery & Plant Farm in Australia. |
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Companions |
... |
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Winter Form next to front path from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 4 March 2013. |
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Spring Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 25 April 2013. |
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Spring Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 13 May 2013. |
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Summer Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
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Winter Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
Spring Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 25 April 2013. |
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Spring Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
Summer Foliage from the flower stems from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
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Flower with its leaf each side from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
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Flower Group from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
Flower Bud from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
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MIXED BORDER RHS WISLEY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS GALLERY PAGES |
FOLIAGE COLOUR |
SEED/FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
Starting with the data in Garden Style followed by Infill Plants, then you can refine your plant list from the remaining galleries in this cell:- |
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PERENNIAL |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL Gallery with 7 Flower Colours (Red, Pink and Purple on same page) per Month in Colour Wheel. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL INDEX -
The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are at the bottom of the page on Alpine - Sink and Trough Gardens. |
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To compare |
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with 7 Flower Colours - Blue, White, Yellow, Green for Unusual, Red, Orange and Pink per Month in Colour Wheel below. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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The Herbaceous Perennials in this gallery are not compared with other Herbaceous Perennials in the HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GALLERY, but they are compared with each other in the Mixed Border Garden Design Gallery using the above 7 Flower Colours per month Wheel. FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF RHS WISLEY MIXED BORDER DURING After reviewing the situation in the |
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Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
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Brown = |
Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
Black = |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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Flowering Months range abbreviates month Click on centre of thumbnail to move from this page to the The Comments Row of that Plant Description |
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Herbaceous Perennial |
Flowering Months |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms |
Flower Thumb-nail |
Herbaceous Perennial Flower Thumbnail |
Flowering Months |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms |
Flower Thumb-nail |
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Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen or Semi-Evergreen Perennial |
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A |
A |
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May, June, |
48-60 x 24 |
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96 x 40 |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 24 |
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48 x 24 |
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June, July, |
48 x 18 |
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40-60 x 20-40 (100-150 x 50-100) |
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June, July, |
36 x 18 |
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June, July, |
60 x 40 |
Creamy-White. |
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June, July, |
48 x 24 |
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32-39 x 24 (80-100 x 60) |
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May, June, |
36 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
64 x 16 |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, |
20 x 15 |
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August, September |
96 x 40 |
Dark Blue. |
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June, July, August, |
28 x 18 |
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July, August |
40-60 x 4-20 (100-150 x 10-50) |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 16 |
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24-48 x 18-24 |
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June, July, August, |
36-42 x 12 |
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48 x 36 |
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June, July, |
16-48 x 12 |
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70 x 40 |
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July, August, |
42 x 36 |
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August, September, October |
80 x 24 |
Creamy-White. |
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July, August |
40 x 80 |
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60 x 24 |
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December, January, |
18 x 30 |
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40 x 20 |
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July, August, |
30 x 18 |
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60 x 24 |
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June, July |
20 x 18 |
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18 x 12 |
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July, August, |
24 x 24 |
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July, August |
36 x 20 |
White. |
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July, August, |
30 x 24 |
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32 x 24 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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36 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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40 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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July, August, September, October |
48 x 24 |
White. |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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24 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July |
72 x 24 |
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28 x 24 |
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June, July, |
4 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
72 x 60 |
Pinkish-Lavender |
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June, July, |
16 x 12 |
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60-100 x 40-60 |
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July |
24 x 230 |
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20-40 x 20-40 |
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June, July, |
36 x 24 |
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August, September, October |
24-40 x 24-40 |
Pale Pink. |
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August, September, |
36 x 24 |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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Pink - July, August or |
24 x 16 |
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60 x 24 |
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July, August |
36 x 18 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 24 |
Cream. |
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July, August |
25 x 16 |
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August, September |
24 x 24 |
Yellowish-Brown. |
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May, June |
16 x 18 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18-24 |
Pink. |
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May, June |
30 x 12 |
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September, October |
12-36 x 12-36 |
White. |
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June, July, August, September, October |
36 x 12 |
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July, August, September, October |
4-20 x 4-20 |
Red and White. |
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July, August, |
28 x 16 |
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September, October |
52 x 24 |
Mauve-Pink. |
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August, September, |
12 x 12 |
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September, October |
60 x 16-24 |
Lilac-Blue. |
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July |
30 x 18 |
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August, September |
12-18 x 8-12 |
Purple-Pink. |
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August, September |
8-12 x 10 |
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45 x 78 |
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June |
20-24 x 12 |
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September, October |
48 x 36 |
Purple-Red. |
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July |
24 x 18 |
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August, September, October, November |
48-60 x 24 |
Pale Violet. |
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July, August |
39 x 24 |
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24 x 16 |
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August, September |
48 x 24 |
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B |
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June, July |
18-24 x 18 (45-60 x 45) |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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July, August |
24 x 18 |
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C |
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July, August |
8-18 x 12 |
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60 x 24 |
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June, July |
24 x 18 |
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48 x 20 |
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B |
24-36 x 18-30 |
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April, May |
12-18 x 24 |
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24 x 12 |
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April, May |
12-18 x 18 (30-45 x 45) |
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June, July |
60-100 x 40-60 |
White. |
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June, July, August, |
24 x 18 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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C |
24 x 24 |
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April |
9 x 12 |
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August, September, October |
35 x 23 |
Opening Orange fades to Pink. |
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June, July, |
2 x 12 |
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36 x 18 |
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June, July, |
36-48 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
60 x 48 |
Purple. |
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June, July, |
24 x 24 |
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D |
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July, August, September, |
36 x 24 |
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May, June, July, August |
80 x 40 |
Creamy-Yellow-Green. |
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D |
E |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18 |
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18-24 x 14 |
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Links to the other 22 Diascia Pages are in Alpine / Herbaceous Perennial Index D Page |
June, July, August, |
6 x 20 |
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40 x 18 |
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May, June |
18 x 30 |
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28 x 16 |
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May, June |
24-36 x 20 |
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39 x 39 |
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E |
July, August |
18-48 x 24 |
Bright Blue. |
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July, August, September |
30-48 x 18 (75-120 x 45) |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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F |
12-60 x 24 |
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June |
6 x 6 |
White |
88 x 40 |
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G |
Eupatorium maculatum (Atropur-pureum Group) 'Riesen-schirm' |
July, August, September |
80 x 80 |
Pink-Purple. |
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August, September |
24 x 18 |
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August, September, October |
60-100 x 20-40 |
Purplish-Pink. |
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June, July |
32 x 18 |
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24 x 20 |
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June, July |
12 x 12 |
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F |
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July, August, |
4 x 12 |
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60-100 x 20-40 |
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July, August |
60 x 72 |
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July, August |
72 x 18 |
Sulphur-Yellow. |
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H |
60 x 20 |
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September, October, |
60 x 18 |
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G |
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August |
48 x 30 |
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48 x 36 |
White. |
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August |
20 x 36 |
Deep Violet |
48 x 32 |
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July |
36 x 48 |
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36 x 36 |
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K |
Geranium 'Rozanne' |
24 x 16 |
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September, October |
24 x 18 |
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24 x 18 |
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July, August |
36 x 24 |
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24 x 20 |
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September, October |
30 x 18 |
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H |
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L |
July, August, September |
72 x 24 |
Yellow. |
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May, June, |
24 x 12 |
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June, July, August |
36 x 24 |
Brick Orange Red. |
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April, May, |
12 x 18 |
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38-51 x 16 |
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August, September, |
48 x 36 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July, |
3 x 6 |
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72 x 24 |
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June, July |
12 x 12 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 12 |
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September, October |
96-120 x 12-36 |
Yellow rays and dark Brown disc. If it flowered in Sep-Oct, I missed taking their photos |
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April, May, |
48 x 24 |
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80 x 48 |
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May, June |
12 x 18 |
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80 x 18 |
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July, August |
36 x 24 |
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23 x 30 |
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M |
20 x 40 |
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May, June, |
12 x 36 |
Yellow with |
30 x 24 |
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May, June, |
12 x 24 |
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32 x 40 |
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P |
18 x 12 |
Cream. |
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June, July |
36 x 36 |
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26 x 20 |
Pale Pink. |
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May, June |
36 x 36 |
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I |
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June, July |
30 x 30 |
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72 x 36 |
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May, June |
16 x 16 |
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72 x 60 |
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Paeonia |
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23 x 18 |
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May, June |
6 x 4 |
Pinkish-blue |
J, K |
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May, June |
... |
Yellow, Purple, Red, Pink |
32 x 24 |
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May, June |
6 x 5 |
Pink |
40 x 20 |
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May, June |
6 x 3.5 |
Purple |
August, September |
120 x 48 |
Orange-red fades to yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 3 |
Red |
June, July, August, September |
48 x 32 |
Lemon-Yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 5 |
White |
July, August, September |
40 x 30 |
Light Scarlet fades to Yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 3 |
Yellow |
June, July, August |
36 x 24 |
Orange top with Ivory-White bottom. |
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L |
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June, July, |
12 x 6 |
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August, September, October, November |
60 x 40 |
White. |
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May, June, |
36 x 24 |
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36 x 36 |
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May |
4-8 x 8 |
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48 x 48 |
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S |
30 x 18 |
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September |
18 x 18 |
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Lychnis coronaria 'Gardener's World' |
24 x 10-12 |
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D |
40 x 24 |
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May |
24-48 x 48 |
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60 x 20 |
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36 x 18 |
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M |
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100 x 60 |
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June, July |
88 x 40 |
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June, July |
80 x 48 |
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June, July, August |
55 x 55 |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 18 |
White. |
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July, August, September |
60 x 20 |
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June, July, August |
36 x 15 |
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N |
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June, July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
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June, July, August |
48 x 36 |
Lilac-Pink. |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 20 |
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O |
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June, July, August, September |
18 x 24 |
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July, August, September, October |
18 x 18 |
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P |
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July, August, September |
70 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
70 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
40 x 30 |
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July, August, September, October |
48 x 48 |
Bright Red. |
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July, August, September, October, November |
18 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September |
50 x 60 |
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Persicaria amplex-icaulis taurus |
July, August, September, October |
40 x 28 |
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July, August, September |
20 x 40 |
White. |
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June, July, August |
80 x 40 |
Pale Yellow. |
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May, June, July, August, September |
36 x 30 |
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July, August |
40 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 30 |
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July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
Lilac. |
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July, August, September |
18 x 14 |
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July, August, September |
24 x 16 |
White. |
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July, August, September |
40 x 20 |
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Dear Mr C H Garnons-Williams, Tony Dickerson Horticultural Advisor Above email sent by the RHS on 13 September 2013 - plant label in Mixed Border bed still not changed by 23 November 2013. |
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July, August, September |
30 x 16 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 30 |
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July, August, September |
40 x 32 |
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July, August, September, October |
36 x 24 |
Red. |
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July, August, September |
24 x 24 |
Blue-Purple. |
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July, August, September |
36 x 12 |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August |
16 x 12 |
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June, July, August |
16 x 12 |
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Q, R |
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August, September, October |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September |
80 x 36 |
Yellow. |
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S |
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June, July, August |
30 x 24 |
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May, June, July, August, September |
18 x 18 |
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July, August, September, October |
24 x 20 |
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September, October |
20 x 16 |
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August, September |
40 x 20 |
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August, September, October |
12 x 12 |
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August, September, October, November |
18 x 18 |
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August, September |
18 x 18 |
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September, October, November |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August |
32 x 24 |
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August, September, October |
60 x 32 |
Yellow. |
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June, July, August, September |
18 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
20 x 28 |
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August, September, October |
48 x 24 |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, August, September |
32 x 18 |
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T |
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June, July, August |
94 x 23 |
Lavender. |
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June, July, August |
59 x 23 |
Purple-Pink. |
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June, July |
48 x 48 |
Sulphur-Yellow. |
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June, July, August |
72 x 36 |
Purple-Pink or Lavender. |
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U, V |
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August, September, October |
60 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September, October |
24 x 16 |
Purple or Magenta. |
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June, July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
Pale Purple/ Lavend-erish Lilac. |
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June, July, August, September |
60 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 36 |
Pink Lavender/ Lilac. |
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July, August |
40 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18 |
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June, July |
42 x 20 |
Lilac/ Pale Blue. |
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July, August, September |
60 x 26 |
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W, XYZ |
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May, June, July |
18 x 14 |
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Site design and content of this table copyright ©July 2009. Page structure amended December 2012. Colour Wheel clarified January 2013. Feet changed to inches (cms) July 2015. Herbaceous Perennial Menu Table changed and Index Pages added June 2017. Chris Garnons-Williams. Site design and content for Mixed Border Herbaceous Gallery copyright ©March 2013. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennial Flower Shape Gallery: |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE AND OTHER DETAILS- |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elabor-ated |
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Natural Arrange-ments |
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Herbaceous Perennial Name Index The respective flower colour and thumbnail, months of flowering, form, height and width, foliage colour and thumbnail, use and comments are in the relevant index page Evergreen Perennial Name Index |
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UK Peony Index :- |
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Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant. |
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Rock |
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Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3 |
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Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. |
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Herbaceous Perennial Form |
Prostrate or Trailing |
Cushion or Mound-forming |
Spreading or Creeping |
Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves |
Erect or Upright |
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Herbaceous Perennial Use |
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Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden |
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Herbaceous Perennial in Soil |
Clay + |
Peat + |
Any + |
+ Herbac-eous Perennials in Pages in Plants |
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Peony Use |
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Copied from Ivydene Gardens Mixed Borders in RHS Garden at Wisley Garden Design: |
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This section details what I consider as errors in design carried out by the staff at the RHS garden in Wisley:-
Mixing all the primary colours together for the flower colours used in many of the 71 parts of these Mixed Borders This mixture provides a foliage and flower foil against which these other permanent herbaceous perennials can provide new growth from the ground each year, with the different colours of foliage from juvenile to mature to dying off in the autumn and then an easy maintenance during the months of December-March for removing most of the growth above ground and replacing the plant supports to provide a neat bed in a series of large ground areas. The bedding plants - see Bedding Annual Plant Index and Un-labelled Bedding Annual Plant Index pages - provide the icing on the cake at different flowering time periods between May and November to enhance the overall flower colour scheme. The new bedding each year can provide opportunities to vary the look of these beds. It was disapointing that I did not see the flowers during 2013 of more than 25% of these Permanent Herbaceous Perennial Plants - possible reasons shown in Lost Flowers Page with 'Walkabout' Plants and 'Stateless' Plants Page. A table for each month - May, June, July, August, September, October, November - shows the flower photos for each of the 71 parts of the Mixed Borders split into Blue, Orange, Pink, Red, Unusual Colour, White, or Yellow for all the plants. Besides that, you can see from the table below that Red and Pink with Unusual Flower Colours seem to be predominant as flower colours and that these are spread throughout the beds.
I have added the BEDding (started January 2014 - completed March 2014) and then the OTHer Permanent Plants (started March 2014 - completed May 2014) to the table below to show the flower colour planting scheme of the Bedding and the Other Permanent Plants and then its combination.
If I had produced this planting design with its mixture of flower colours in almost every part - or maintained these beds in this way - in 2013, I would be deeply ashamed. As a nation of gardeners in Britain; the Royal Horticultural Society being at its pinnacle, with the tradition of excellence by our previous head gardeners and their staff during the Victorian era, I had thought that the staff at the RHS Garden at Wisley would not need a lecture.
Another Possible Solution for lack of coordinated Flower Colour Scheme If you want the garden to be restful to the eye, then you can provide a colour scheme using the harmony of adjacent colours. If you prefer to shock the visitor, then use the contrast of opposite colours, but I am not favourable of the above partial use of the harmony of triads as shown by the Colour Wheel Page of Garden Design.
Very Poor Plant Labelling After reviewing the situation that 102 plants were missing their identity when in flower in 2013 out of 348 (29.31% of the plants) in 768 square metres of Mixed Borders garden beds:-
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