Ivydene Gardens Home: Site Map

This row gives a very clear overall description of the
Cultural Needs of Plants
from Chapter 4 in Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-
88192-495-4.

"Understanding Fern Needs
Ferns have the same basic growing requirements as other plants and will thrive when these are met. There is nothing mysterious about the requirements - they are not something known only to people with green thumbs - but the best gardeners are those who understand plant requirements and are careful about satisfying them.
What, then, does a fern need?

All plants need water. Water in the soil prevents roots from drying, and all mineral nutrients taken up by the roots must be dissolved in the soil water. Besides water in the soil, most plants need water in the air. Adequate humidity keeps the plant from drying out. Leaves need water for photosynthesis and to keep from wilting.
All green plants need light to manufacture food (sugars) by photosynthesis. Some plants need more light than others, and some can flourish in sun or shade. Most ferns, however, prefer some amount of shade.
For photosynthesis, plants require carbon dioxide, a gas that is exhaled by animals as waste. Carbon dioxide diffuses into plants through tiny pores, called stomata, that abound on the lower surface of the leaves. In the leaf, carbon dioxide is combined with the hydrogen from water to form carbohydrates, the plant's food. This process takes place only in the presence of light and chlorophyll, a green pigment found in plant cells. To enhance growth, some commercial growers increase the carbon dioxide level in their greenhouses to 600ppm (parts per million), or twice the amount typically found in the air.
Plants need oxygen. The green plants of a plant do not require much oxygen from the air because plants produce more oxygen by photosynthesis than they use. The excess oxygen liberated from the plants is used by all animals, including humans. What do plants do with oxygen? They use it just as we do, to release the energy stored in food. We use energy to move about, to talk, to grow, to think - in fact, for all our life processes. Although plants don't talk or move much, they do grow and metabolize and must carry on all their life processes using oxygen to release the stored energy in their food.
Roots need air all the time. They get it from the air spaces between the soil particles. Overwatering displaces the air between soil particles with water, thereby removing the oxygen needed by the roots. This reduces the root's ability to absorb mineral nutrients and can foster root-rot.
Plants need minerals to grow properly. The minerals are mined from the soil by the plant's root system. If a certain mineral is missing, such as calcium needed for developing cell walls, then the plant will be stunted, discoloured, or deformed.
Some plants tolerate a wide range of temperatures, whereas others are fussy. If the temperature is too high or low, the machinery of the plant will not operate satisfactorily or will cease entirely.

The basic needs of plants are not hard to supply, but growing success depends on attending to these needs with care and exactitude. The remainder of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of these requirements, with the exception of mineral needs, which are discussed in Chapter 5.

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Explanation of Gallery Structure and its expansion capability of this educational non-income-generating-for-me website hobby with more than 217 folders containing more than 9,700 webpages; each of which may be downloaded, copied into a Word-processing Package, the 2 side tables removed and the midlle data table resorted to your requirements:-

Each Plant Description Page may have the following photos in 150 x 150 pixel or larger pass-through graphics:-

• a Flower
• Flowers to show flower distribution
• Leaf
• Foliage to show how the leaves are arranged
• Shape to show overall natural shape
• Fruit/Seeds to show juvenile, mature and old fruit/ seeds

then in each Comparison Page in 50 x 50 pixel pass-through graphics there will be:-

• Flower,
• Foliage,
• Form,
• Shape,
• Fruit/Seeds or
• The plants in Flower Beds

Comparison Pages:-
The comparison pages (see Website Design History Page) in all the other photo galleries including the Cultivated Plant Galleries (See for example the Bulb Gallery) show thumbnail photos / butterflies on the same page for selection purposes. Clicking on the thumbnail photo adds another page (which you can move elsewhere on the monitor screen) giving the detailed text description of the plant / butterfly with more and larger photos. From October 2014, it changes the Comparison Page to the Plant Description Page - currently this is being done for new and previously created Rose and Heather Plant Description Pages (October 2014).

then in the Flower Colour per Month and the Colour Wheel Pages in 50 x 50 pixel pass-through graphics there will be:

• Flower

This adds up to a fair number of photos.

It is worth reading and using the Comparison Menu like the following above the compared images to understand the image and the information in its text box below that image:-

Each Site Map Page is limited by the length of a displayed Page to about 400 web filenames, so with the Comparison Pages this limits the number of Plant Description Pages to about 330.

Because of this for example; the Site Map Page that you link to from the Main Menu on the top left for Bulb is the Gallery that contains all the Bulbs from the other Galleries in 1 of 6 Flower Colours in each of the Months that Bulb flowers in:-

• Autumn Bulb
• Colchicum/Crocus Bulb
• Late Summer Bulb
• Lily and Woodland Bulb
• Spring Bulb

These bulb names are in the Bulb Index Table on the right hand side in every page of that Gallery. This Bulb Index then links to the relevant Bulb Description Page in the relevant Gallery. As more plants are added to a Plant Type like Bulbs, then perhaps another new Gallery will be added to the expanded list and prefixed by ... in the Menu list.

Each expanded list will only then appear in the relevant galleries. This system is repeated for the Wildflowers, Roses, Climbers, Perennials, Shrubs and Trees.

..........

For the Alpine Plants, there is only the following:-

• Alpine List page in Plants Topic,
• in the Evergreen and Herbaceous Perennial Galleries have a blue background to their plant names in the relevant INDEX link to Plant Description Page table in those Galleries. Those galleries also provide the Plant Description Pages and Comparison Pages of those Alpines,
• Rock Garden Plants suitable for small gardens in Colour Wheel Gallery and
• the following pages from Infill Plants Index Gallery:-
  • Alpine Shrubs,
  • Alpine Conifers,
  • The Alpine Meadow Pages 1, 2, 3
  • The Alpine Border
  • The Alpines that Dislike Lime
  • Alpines and Walls
  • Alpines and Paving
  • Sink and Trough Gardens

Verse 1 of Hymn 777 states the following:-

A wiggly, waggly worm, a slipp'ry, slimy slug,
a creepy, crawly, buzzy thing, a tickly, wickly bug;
of all the things to be, I'm happy that I'm me.
Thank you, Lord, I'm happy that I'm me.
I'm happy that I'm me, happy that I'm me.
There's no one else in all the world that I would rather be.
A wiggly, waggly worm, a slippery, slimy slug,
a creepy, crawly, buzzy thing, a tickly, wickly bug.

I have adopted the worm as my logo.

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IVYDENE HORTICULTURAL SERVICES’S HYMN

All things bright and beautiful, all creatures great and small,
All things wise and wonderful, the Lord God made them all.
But what we never mention, though gardeners know it’s true,
Is when He made the goodies, He made the Baddies too.

CHORUS

All things spray and swattable, disasters great and small,
All patios paraquatable, the Lord God made them all.
The greenfly on the roses, the maggots in the peas,
Manure that fills our noses, He also gave us these.

The fly that gets the carrots, the wasp that eats the plums,
How black the gardener’s outlook, though green may be his thumbs
But still we gardeners labour, midst vegetables and flowers,
And pray what hits our neighbours, will somehow bypass ours.

The greenfly on the roses, with garlic round each root
Ivydene then assaults their noses, and gives the fly the boot.
The worms that eat your compost, the worms that eat the shreddings,
Help production from your roses for red flowers in your weddings.

All things bright and beautiful ……

I watched the program about the slums in Bombay, India last night (15 January 2010), where the inhabitants wanted fresh drinking water and sanitation.

Perhaps if they had a self-imposed tax - of donating 1 day per fortnight and the pay of that day for those who earn money - to pay for and create that water supply and sanitation. For those too old to earn money, they would only donate 1 day per fortnight of their time.

A large pipe could be attached to the wall alongside the river into which pipes could be put from the latrines overhead. The pipe could lead to a new lake area downstream where the effluent could flow through reeds set A that would clean it up (BritishFlora know which plants to use). If there is no area to create the lake in, then cover over the river for about 300 yards and use that (0-50 yards are cleaning reeds A, 50-100 is solids settlement/ vegetable area, 100-200 settling lake,150 clean water pumped out for recycling to sewage drains and irrigation for vegetable area, 200-250 vegetable area/ solids settlement, 250-300 are cleaning reeds B). When the water in the lake is clean enough, a small fish farm could be set up in the middle of the lake to provide protein for those too young or too old to work. If there is too much clean water for recycling, then the excess can simply be allowed to irrigate vegetable area B, which can be used to grow vegetables for those too young or old to work. The remainder of the end water could then be recycled using solar power to the start of the latrine pipe so that the effluent would drop into a pipe with flowing water in it. Every few months (vegetable growing season time period) the sewage would be switched to the other set of reeds/vegetable area, as would the irrigation water and the excess soil created in the last vegetable growing period could be sold off to become a mulch on the fields for the farmers outside the city. Excess cleaned water could then be discharged to the river.

Another large water pipe could also be attached to the same wall and small plastic pipes could be led off it to 1 of 24 water areas. Each water area would receive water in one of the 24 hours. These small thin 1" diameter plastic pipes could be either put under the walkways between the houses or at first up on the outside walls and strung over the gap to the next house. Smaller diameter 0.5inch pipes would then be taken from this 1" pipe to each household.

Sanitation could be done using 4" pipe under the walkways and leading into the river sanitation pipe (The toilets in the houses could be fitted with macerators to create a sludge to put down the 4" pipe, rather than solids/liquids). Washing up water could be stored and put down the outside drains at the end of the hour when water is supplied to the household, thus clearing the drains in the street or into the household sanitation pipe where the macerator is. Recycled water from the lake could also be used to flush the 4" sewer pipes in the same hour and same area; when the fresh drinking water is being supplied to that area.

About once every 4 months, all workers in one water area could carry out a major project on sanitation/water supply on the same day, like submerging the fresh water and sewage pipes under the walkways between the habitations. These might be put into a Civils Polychannel SK system to provide easy access for replacement or additional pipes.

Low-growing sedums (Enviromat) could be planted on areas of roof to provide oxygen to breathe, flowers and cool the room below.

Vertical vegetable growing areas could be created using the Mobilane system and solar-powered irrigation.

The above systems could all be manufactured, installed and maintained by the slum dwellers, without cost to the city. It would improve the morale and living conditions of everyone living there.

Even the rubbish tips could be split into 2, so that quick-growing trees for paper production or plants for Bio-fuel for vehicle engines could be grown and the methane produced underground used for heating communal showers/laundry water. Once harvested, that surplus ground soil is sold off and the rubbish tipped onto that site, before the other rubbish site then grows that crop.

Perhaps Herbert Dreiseitl from The American Society of Landscape Architects can improve the above idea, since he has the holistic approach and interpersonal skills to be able to improve any environment.

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Heather created the original single folder website and now she has gone up in the world with photography.
You can also view her other 154 images as a slideshow.
Chris Garnons-Williams has increased the number of folders to over 220.

Table

Pollution is biggest threat to Wildlife on our UK waterways.

"Why is our water in such poor condition?   

Pollution in freshwater ecosystems includes pathogens from human and animal waste, nutrients from wastewater and agriculture, organic matter from agricultural run-off, and chemical pollution from pesticides and runoff from mines.    

1 Sewage and storm overflows – Water  companies  require permits  to discharge untreated sewage into the local environment, which is allowed under certain exceptional criteria. However, recent monitoring has exposed the alarming rate that sewage is being discharged into our rivers. In 2020, water companies in England discharged raw sewage into  rivers 400,000 times, and  over 100,000 times  in Wales.   

2 Excess nutrients from agricultural run-off –  Agricultural practices often use fertilisers, manure and slurry containing nitrates, including ammonia, and phosphates. These can spill over into our watercourses and feed algae, making oxygen levels in the water to drop, water quality decrease and kill animals and plants living in the water.   

3 Pesticides  including  herbicides  –  Often applied at scale in agricultural systems to control unwanted plants and insects, pesticides can have  significant negative effects  on aquatic plants and wildlife. Costs arising from the contamination of drinking water with pesticides in the UK, has previously been  calculated at £120 million per year.  These costs are then passed on to people who pay for them through their water bills.    

4 Chemical pollution  from mines – Active and abandoned mines and waste heaps can cause pollutants, such as heavy metals, to be washed into local watercourses. It is estimated that over  1,500 km of rivers  in England are polluted by mines, and in Wales, NRW has recently estimated it will cost  £282 million  to end water pollution from existing mines.    

5 Plastic pollution (a  recent report  found that the River Mersey in England was proportionally more polluted with plastic than the Great Pacific Garbage Patch) and

6 Pharmaceutical residue (The  Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development highlights  some stark concerns about the impact of pharmaceuticals entering freshwater systems, including increased risk of some cancers and antibiotic resistance in humans and changes to the behaviour and reproductive success of aquatic species) are emerging threats to our freshwater systems but their impact is understudied.   

Whilst several pressures are causing the UK’s rivers, lakes, and other freshwater systems to be polluted,

• agricultural and wastewater pollution are currently recorded to have the largest impact. 
• Latest reports  from England found that 40% of water bodies are suffering from agricultural pollution,
• and 35% from wastewater from the water industry.
• In Wales, agricultural pollution has caused water quality failures in  113 waterbodies. There is very limited data available on the reasons  behind failing water quality in Northern Ireland, and this lack of transparent information is a recurring issue.    "

from New Report reveals pollution is biggest threat to wildlife on our waterways. Wednesday 15 September 2021 by The Wildlife Trusts.

"It has been widely reported that Einstein said that without bees to pollinate our food crops humans would die off in just 4 years. He was wrong, we will die off in 7 years. We have been warned, but will it do any good? We are the most intelligent animal that has ever lived, but we have not yet acquired the ability to learn from our mistakes, and we continue to elect politicians who promise us jam today and jam tomorrow. Isn't it time we grew up?" from The Bumblebee Pages

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Monitoring of Trees in pavements in Funchal, Madeira from September 2019 to February 2020 1, 2
after the pages below were produced in 2018 and 2019
Problems with trees in pavements in Funchal, Madeira in January/February 2018
PROBLEMS WITH TREES IN PAVEMENTS IN FUNCHAL, MADEIRA IN JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2019
Death of tree roots and
Death of tree trunks/branches caused by people.
Solution to problems for trees caused by people using irrigation -
Growth of Pollarded Tree in Hotel Garden in 1 year provides a water solution to this destruction.
Damage to Tree Trunks 1, 2, 3, 4 caused by people,
Damage to Tree Roots caused by people,
Area of Open Ground round trees,
New Trees in pavements 1, 2,
Irrigation of current trees,
Watersprouts on trees,
Crossing Branches in trees,
Utility Equipment with tree Foliage,
Lights on trees,
Bycycle Lane in Pavement,
Public Gardens alongside pavements,
Hotel/Private Gardens alongside pavements,
Current Permeable Pavement Surface round trees and
Irrigation and Fertilising of trees.
Camera Photo Galleries:-
Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees
1, 2, 3, 4.
Will visitors to Madeira worry about having branches or trees in public places fall on them? No; according to Engineer Francisco Pedro Freitas Andrade of Est. Marmeleiros, No 1, Jardins & Espaces Verdes who is Chef de Diviso Câmara Municipal do Funchal; Departamento de Ciência e de Recursos Naturais; Divisão de Jardins e Espaços Verdes Urbanos in charge of the trees within the pavements within the area controlled by Funchal Municipality - See Monitoring of Trees in pavements in Funchal, Madeira from September 2019 to February 2010 1, 2 pages by his department.
PROBLEMS WITH TREES IN PAVEMENTS IN ST. PETER PORT, GUERNSEY IN SEPTEMBER 2019
Demise of trees in pavements in St. Peter Port, Guernsey caused by people, to their Roots

Britain runs out of food during summer of 2024. If a worker is on State Benefits and is only allowed to work up 15 hours 59 minutes a week at minimum wage, then with these extra new border control food charges it will cost that person 12% of their gross wage each week and 12% extra if they are supporting their child; from 30 April 2024.

8 problems caused by building house on clay or
with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.
OTHER TABLE 5 is about warnings of the government in the UK turning its population into slaves.

TABLE SOS where the action of humans breathing produces carbon dioxide and the trees/plants/algae cannot process that; because we either cover the roots in concrete/tarmac or kill the algae in the sea from the phosphorus in the human produced sewage. So we are slowly asphixiating ourselves in the UK.
The level of oxygen refers to the amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere or water. Oxygen is produced by photosynthesizing organisms that live in the ocean, in fresh water, and on land. These organisms include bacteria, algae and plants. Photosynthesizing algae in the ocean produce around 70% of oxygen in the atmosphere. The UK pollution going into the sea is killing the algae which provide 70% of oxygen for UK, France, Holland, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and Denmark.
Row 7 in last table on the right in Black Background - Welcome to the UK (Urinating Knave) with details of UK government backed pollution of millions of tons per year into its rivers; which the sea transported across the Channel to Europe killing marine life and humans.
Pollution is biggest threat to Wildlife on our UK waterways.
Photo of permanent air pollution over London.

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These remaining items are of no interest to people outside the UK,
but will affect you,
if have property in the UK or
intend to reside in the UK for longer than 1 week.

Medway Proposed New School Comments in September 2019

Neighbour cutting branches off our trees without Conservation Area permission and attempting to sink our house with 1000's of litres of their sewage by blocking the drain to our cesspit. For the following week, they continued to download their sewage after we had written to them stating that the cesspit was full and that the drain was blocked.

Gas explosion from incorrectly installed home boiler, with other customers refusing to correct the situation.
Other items in the Home Section which have nothing to do with gardening, but reading them might deter you from visiting Great Britain; or employing its workforce; or trusting its local or main government.

Problems with electrical re-wire in my home, with the knowledge after the event that the client can do nothing about it, since NAPIT requires you to re-use the same contractor to fix the problems.
Would you; after reading these pages? Manderson emails to us about re-wire.
We wrote the
concerns about the electrical work on 21.03.21;
Questions concerning electrics on 21.03.21 and
re-wire narrative on 19.04.2021
which had no effect on the credit card company or NAPIT. So we commisioned the following report to see if that will make any difference.
Pages 10, 11, 12, 13 contain information concerning the condition of the electrical installation of the complete rewiring of my home by Mr Manderson of Manderson Electrical Services Ltd, with the report by a qualified electrician and this statement about the work carried out:-
"The result of my observations and testing, I am recommending that all the fixed wiring be recovered and a complete new fixed wiring installation is installed. Unfortunately the work previously carried out is of such a poor standard I cannot re-use any of it."
Mr Manderson is a Part P Registered Electrician with Napit; Registered Competent Person Electrical; Approved Electrician from Napit; City & Guilds Qualified; Part P Electrical Safety; and Honest & Transparent. His firm was employed to replace all the wiring, power sockets, light switches and lights and make sure that rodents could not attack them to chew through the cables or cause an
electrical problem.
Pages 10 lists 18 electrical faults on the new wiring, re-use of the old wiring, and old wiring that was still either in use or had been cut at the old power socket, at the old light fitting, or old light switch (the plasterers filled an old power socket metal box and short-circuited the fuse - it will be fine in 30 minutes sir; 4 hours later it was still shorting, so presumably that would explain why they switched off one of the fuses in the old fuseboard - see photo on page 15 of the report. As clients; we do appreciate having the opportunity of electrocuting ourselves from their re-wire work) where

• fault 2 is a Code C1 'Danger Present' and immediate action is required from March 2021, (the electricians testing 2 of the double power sockets installed in the kitchen in 1987 found that they were polarity reversed. This risks a short circuit, shock or fire. They corrected the problem immediately)
• Faults 4, 12, 14 and 18 are Code C2 and Urgent remedial action required,
• Faults 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17 are Code C3 where improvement is recommended

Because we had paid part of the cost to Manderson Electrical Services Ltd using a credit card, then after we had contacted them and sent the report, the credit card company re-imbursed us. We then used that money towards a total removal of all wiring and total rewiring by the electrician who had produced the report.

The above was a pointless waste of time - we have now had the house completely rewired again without any recompense from the original contractor's lies, thiefery and extremely dangerous work with the government body Napit being no help at all. The unfortunate consequence of either buying a house or having anything done to it is that you the owner can and will be totally screwed by the majority of the British Workforce.

I have looked at a job of the third replacement of turf in a back garden of a new house. The back garden was clay and sloped down to the house - that house will have subsidence problems within 10 years. The only way that it might save itself is to rip up the lawn and plant shrubs that will absorb every drop of rain that falls on that garden -
you are not allowed to either drain into the storm drain of the house which is what takes the rain from the roof of the house/garage or
drain the rainwater from your garden to outside your property onto either public land or into somebody else's property.
I refused the job and told the owner to get onto the builders to rectify their error.
Since builders are repeating the same error on a massive scale in Ashford, the poor owners of new £500,000 houses are going to be upset.