May - YELLOW FLOWER Evergreen Per

Ivydene Gardens:- A. Comparisons of Evergreen Perennials, Alpine Evergreen Perennials from this website in this 5 flower colour groups per month Gallery and then in the Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery and the WildFlower Shape Gallery, with B. Comparisons of other plants from this website in this 5 flower colour groups per month Gallery and then in the WildFlower Shape Gallery: Yellow Flowers in May
	anti-aphid		Yellow Flower with mid-green foliage in autumn, winter and spring
CHALK, SAND. Alyssum saxatile SUN Apr-Jun Ever-green Peren-nial. Alpine House, rock garden, edge, wall crevice. Grey leaves	ANY SOIL. Allium moly 'Jean-nine' SUN, PART SHADE May-Jun Bulb Cut flower, bee and butterfly, rock garden, edge, pot, ground cover	SAND, CHALK. Anemone lipsiensis 'Pallida' PART SHADE Mar-May Bulb wood-land, rock garden. foliage is dormant jul-feb. spreads slowly between decid-uous shrubs	ANY SOIL. Anemone ranuncu-loides PART SHADE Apr-May Decid-uous Rhizome Ground Cover from PLANTS rock garden, peaty soil near water-fall for abund-ant moisture
	Yellow flowers with feathery, grey-green foliage. It self-seeds, which are eaten by birds. Toxic to cat, dog and horse	bright yellow, pea-like flowers with blue-green foliage	golden yellow flowers on previous year's wood with dark green leaves divided into 3 leaflets
SAND. Achillea 'Moon-shine' SUN Apr-Aug Ever-green Perenn-ial from Plant with Photo Index. These buds turn into dark Yellow Flowers	SAND. Achillea 'Moon-shine' SUN Apr-Aug Ever-green Perenn-ial Ground Cover from PLANTS, clump. Cut fresh/ dry (from winter garden) flower, bee, butterfly	CHALK, CLAY, SAND. Genista lydia SUN May-Jun decidu-ous shrub. rounded. dry scree slopes, in poor soil for its semi-prostrate main branches to spread with upright shoots	CLAY, SAND. Cytisus beanii SUN Apr-Jul decidu-ous shrub. arching mat. bean's broom can be used as edging, ground cover, coastal, scree garden.	Many brooms become straggly with age. to avoid this prune back immed-iately after flowering, but DO NOT go back into the old, hard wood. Broom can be grafted onto laburnum to make standards. Ashwood Charitable Trust
Gold flowers with silver foliage
any well-drained. Achillea 'Coron-ation Gold' SUN May-Aug Herbac-eous Per-ennial Ground Cover from PLANTS, clump. Cut flower. contrast with eupat-orium purpu-reum	Achilleas attract bee, butt-erfly, fresh and dried cut flower, smaller Achilleas for scree beds in rock gardens. Compan-ions - asiatic lilies, erygium, salvia, orna-mental grasses, rudbeckia, phlox, phygelius, dahlia, hemero-callis.
golden-yellow flowers evenly spaced on fresh growth followed by fruit, with mid green, doubly serrated margin leaves.
CHALK, SAND. Kerria japonica SUN AND PART SHADE Apr-May decid-uous shrub. suckers and arches. grows in thickets on mountain slopes. cottage garden, wood-land garden	compan-ions - tone down its yellow flowers with white in front like daphne mezer-eum f. alba, pulmon-aria 'sissing- hurst white', snow-drops or white helle-bores. Plantlust has cultivars.
	Yellow. Green bark with white striations. New growth is coral-red. Bright green foliage in spring turns to bright red in autumn		fragrant yellow flowers followed by red or yellow fruits with small silvery-grey leaves.
ANY SOIL. Acer davidii FULL SUN May Decid-uous Tree from Chalk Garden	ACID CLAY, SAND, PEAT. Acer capill-ipes SUN, PART SHADE May Decid-uous Tree Ground Cover from PLANTS, rounded. one of the Trees for Lawns	ANY SOIL. Acer davidii SUN May Decid-uous Treel from Plant with Photo Index. Yellow flowers	CHALK. Corokia coton-easter SUN Apr-Jun Decid-uous shrub. rounded. coastal and exposed gardens. hedge. see corokia growing guide.














deep yellow with dark green foliage	fragrant, pale to deep yellow flowers with darker orange throat with ovate, glossy, light green foliage. killed by frost
CHALK, SAND. Frem-ontode-ndron 'Califor-nia Glory' SUN May-Sep Rambler ever-green climber train on trellis or wire /vine-eye support on wall	ACIDIC SAND. Gelsem-ium semper-virens SUN AND PART SHADE Apr-Jul twining self clinger ever-green climber not on house walls. poisonous plant in conserv-atory




Links to above Bedding Plant Uses:- Bedding Out Filling In Screening Pots and Troughs Window Boxes and Hanging Baskets

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape
and Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row),
Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

Ivydene Gardens:- A. Comparisons of Evergreen Perennials, Alpine Evergreen Perennials from this website in this 5 flower colour groups per month Gallery and then in the Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery and the WildFlower Shape Gallery, with B. Comparisons of other plants from this website in this 5 flower colour groups per month Gallery and then in the WildFlower Shape Gallery: Yellow Flowers in May
Pale Yellow streaked with red in a single standard, 2 wings and a keel flower
SAND. Asarina procum-bens PART SHADE Apr-Oct Ever-green Alpine Ground Cover from PLANTS trail over walls, pots, raised bed or shady bank


Yellow 5 pointed sepals and 5 petals with spurs and ferny mid green leaves
ANY WELL-DRAINED Aquilegia chrys-antha PART SHADE Apr-Sep Herb-aceous Perennial Ground Cover from PLANTS in shady borders with leaf-mould for Butter-flies and Bumble-bees













































































The following 2 rows stated in the bottom 2 rows within this table in the Site Map come from Climber Plant Gallery. This 3 Sector Vertical Plant System from Infill3 Gallery gives detailed information on this system at looking at what plants besides climbers can be used for a vertical support system on a wall. So, besides Climbers being compared in Climber Plant Gallery, then other plant types are also compared where they fit into this vertical plant system. When plants are transferred from this gallery to their plant type flower colour/month comparison pages, I will attempt to link to where they are detailed in Infill3 Gallery from November 2023.

Plant Name Index for several groups; plus --->

Companion Planting

1000 Ground Cover
Name Index from PLANTS Topic

Plant with Camera Photo
Name Index of Ivydene Gardens

A 1, 2, Photos

B 1, Photos

C 1, Photos

D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos,
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pave-ments of Funchal

E 1, Photos

F 1, Photos

G 1, Photos

Chalk Garden Plants
Name Index

Landscaping with Perennials in USA
Name Index

Wildflower Botanical Name Index

AC,AG,AL,
AN,AR,AR,
AS,

BA,BR,BR,

CA,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,
CH,CI,CO,
CR,

DA,DE,DR,

EP,EP,ER,
EU,

FE,FO,

GA,GA,GE,
GL,

Wildflower Common Name Index

AC,AL,AS,

BE,BL,BO,
BR,

CA,CL,CO,
CO,CO,CR,

DA,DO,

EA,

FE,FI,FR,

GO,GR,GU,

Evergreen Perennial Name Index

Herbaceous Perennial Name Index

A1,2

Bulb
Name Index

A1, 2, 3,

C1, 2,

G, Glad,

Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website

1000 Ground Cover
Name Index from PLANTS Topic

Plant with Camera Photo
Name Index of Ivydene Gardens

H 1, Photos

I 1, Photos

J 1, Photos

K 1, Photos

L 1, Photos,
with Label Problems

M 1, Photos

N 1, Photos

Chalk Garden Plants
Name Index

Landscaping with Perennials in USA
Name Index

Wildflower Botanical Name Index

HE,HI,HI,
HY,

IM,

JU,

KI,

LA,LE,LI,
LL,LU,LY,

ME,ME,MI,
MY,

NA,

Wildflower Common Name Index

HA,HO,

IR,

KN,

LE,LE,LO,

MA,ME,MO,

NA,NO,

Evergreen Perennial Name Index

Herbaceous Perennial Name Index

Bulb
Name Index

L1, 2,

Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website

U ,V

1000 Ground Cover
Name Index from PLANTS Topic

X, Y, Z

Plant with Camera Photo
Name Index of Ivydene Gardens

O 1, Photos

P 1, Photos

Q 1, Photos

R 1, 2, 3,
Photos

S 1, Photos

T 1, Photos

U 1, Photos

Companion planting is the name given to the system of using one plant to help another. It happens in various ways:-

1. Plants may help each other directly.

2. Plants may help each other indirectly
by improving the soil.

3. Plants may compete with and/or directly harm others.

4. Some plants help others if they are present in a small proportion, but hinder or harm them as the ratio increases.

5. Plants may repel harmful insects or attract them away
from other plants.

6. Plants may support insect populations which are beneficial to other plants.

7. Plants may repel other and larger pests.

8. Plants may attract birds and other creatures which prey on pests and/or are generally beneficial.

9. Plants may reduce the incidence of
fungal or other diseases in nearby plants.

10. And, finally, plants may be attractive
and/or beneficial to animals and people.

Further details in Companion Planting page of Garden Design.

Pest Control
using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Chalk Garden Plants
Name Index

Landscaping with Perennials in USA
Name Index

Wildflower Botanical Name Index

OE,OR,OR,

PA,PH,PL,
PO,PO,PO,
PO,PU,

RA,RH,RO,
RO,RU,

SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,
SI,SI,SO,
SP,ST,

TA,TH,TR,
TR,

UR,

Wildflower Common Name Index

PE,PO,PY,

RE,RO,

SA,SE,SE,
SK,SM,SO,
SP,ST,SW,

TO,TW,

Evergreen Perennial Name Index

Herbaceous Perennial Name Index

P1,2

Bulb
Name Index

Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website

1000 Ground Cover
Name Index from PLANTS Topic

XYZ

Plant with Camera Photo
Name Index of Ivydene Gardens

V 1, Photos

W 1, Photos,
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams

X 1 Photos

Y 1, Photos

Z 1 Photos

Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens

Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Chalk Garden Plants
Name Index

Daffodils

WXYZ

Paeonies

Roses

Lilies

Landscaping with Perennials in USA Name Index using these books:-

Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by
Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites in the USA for perennials,
which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials.

Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter,
Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007
for plants for Special Gardens in the USA. It also gives details of species
and cultivars for each genus.

Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by
Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993.
ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant.

Landscaping with Perennials in USA
Name Index

Per in USA with no flowers are compared in --->

January Unusual Colour Flower Page

Wildflower Botanical Name Index

VE,VE,VI

EXTRAS 91,92,

Wildflower Common Name Index

WA,WE,WI,
WO,WO,

EXTRAS 57,58,59,
60,61,62,
63,64,

Evergreen Perennial Name Index

Herbaceous Perennial Name Index

XYZ

Diascia Photo Album

UK Peony Index

Bulb
Name Index

XYZ

Botanical Name Index of all plants detailed in this website

X, Y, Z

1000 Ground Cover
Name Index from PLANTS Topic

Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0. Jane Taylor and her husband grew plants in their garden of 2.5 acres of acidic shale mine waste on ground most of which could not retain water or nutrients and would scarcely sustain even the most tenacious of weeds.
A typical British garden with its flowery borders and green lawns needs the equivalent of 1 (2.5 cms) of rain every 10 days to look its best. By choosing from the plants in the above book, canny gardeners will quickly learn to give their gardens the best chance of looking respectable even through prolonged dry spells.
Start by improving your soil in your garden by studying the diagram showing the interaction between clay, organic matter, silt and sand to make soil and then follow the advice on how to improve your clay, chalk or sandy soil lower down the same page; before reading how you can provide the soil nutrients, including those for clay soil.
Then, choose your plants from:-

Trees and Shrubs to form the framework,
Palms and Cycads,
Conifers,
Climbers to provide backdrops, shade and cover for vertical surfaces,
Perennials and Ephemerals for filling the garden with flower and foliage,
Grasses for vertical outlines as foils and contrasts,
Bulbs for companion, underplanting and massed display,
Succulents and Xerophytes; and
Dry Garden Maintenance - Starting with the Soil, Planting, Windbreaks, Lawns and Lawn Substitutes, and Irrigation Techniques.

Each ground cover plant of this 1000 has further details from her book, if it is in there.

The following plants shall be added to the Flower Shape pages of this gallery
from

Aquatic (Aquatic Index with Aquatic plant use),
Bamboo (Bamboo Index with bamboo use),
Bedding (Bedding Plant Index with their flower shape and bedding uses, RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index ,
RHS Mixed Border Un-labelled Bedding Plant Index, a different RHS Mixed Border Bedding Plant Index,
Bedding Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left,
and second row down),
Bulb (Bulb Index is above. Bulb use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left),
Butterfly (UK Butterfly - Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Plant Usage by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.),
Climber (see next row),
Conifer (Conifer Tree Index with Conifer Use),
Deciduous Shrub (Deciduous Shrub with Deciduous Shrub Use),
Deciduous Tree (Deciduous Tree with Deciduous Tree Use),
Evergreen Perennial (Evergreen Perennial Index is above),
Evergreen Shrub (Evergreen Shrub Index with Evergreen Shrub Use),
Evergreen Tree (Evergreen Tree Index with Evergreen Tree Use),
Fern (Fern Index with Fern Use),
Grass (Grass Index with Lawn Grass),
Hedging (Hedging Index and Hedge Uses),
Herbaceous Perennial (Herbaceous Perennial Index is above),
Herb (Herb Index),
Odds and Sods (Alpine, Cut Flowers and Succulent Plants Index),
Rhododendron (Azalea, Camellia and Rhododendron Index),
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers (Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, NO, PQ, R, S, T, UVWXYZ
Rock Plant Photos ),
Rose (Rose Use, Rose Use page links in row 6 of the Topic Menu Table on the left. Rose, RHS Wisley and
Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page, Photo Index R 1, 2, 3),
Soft Fruit (Soft Fruit Index with what each trained form is used for, and extra details in Soft Fruit Plant List),
Top Fruit (Apple Index, Cherry Index, Pear Index with what each trained form is used for, and
extra details in Top Fruit Plant List),
Vegetable (Vegetable Index) and
Wildflower (Wildflower Botanical Name Index and Wildflower Common Name Index are above and Wildflower Garden Use).

Climbers:-

3 Sector Vertical Plant System from Infill3 Gallery

Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well.

Warning - Just as it is a mistake to try to keep a tiger in a dog's kennel, it can be a disaster to plant a rampant grower in a site that it will very quickly outgrow. Strong climbers, especially self-supporting ones (Ivy, Ampelopsis, Parthenocissus and Vitis), can quickly get to the eaves, where they may sabotage gutters, and if allowed to get onto the roof, distort or even dislodge tiling. Climbing roses must be supported by humans tying them to structures since the roses cannot do it themselves (keep the top of the structures 3 feet below the eaves so that annual pruning can reduce the risk of the odd stem reaching the guttering!!).

There are 3 sectors on a house wall or high wall:-

0-36 inches (0-90 cms) in height - The Base. This gives the most sheltered conditions in the garden, with soil and air temperatures above those of the surrounding area. This area will suffer less buffeting from wind. Soil care will be ensuring a high humus content - to enrich the nutrient value and help to create reservoirs of moisture. Light intensity will depend on the aspect of the wall (North-facing will get very little sunlight) with the surrounding buildings and plants, including trees.
The following pages in InFill3 gallery cover
The Base:
- 1a Base of Wall Plants
- 1b Annuals
- 1c Herbs and Vegetables
- 1d Cut Flowers, Cut Foliage
- 1e Scented Flower or Foliage
- 1f Foliage Use only.
36-120 inches (90-300 cms) in height - The Prime Site. As the plant moves upwards to about 6 feet, conditions change: plants still benefit from the reflected heat and stored heat of walls warmed by the sun but have more light and air. Many climbers will have established a trunk below and now begin to spread themselves. This middle section is visually important, because it is at eye level and just below that that we should display those items to which we want to draw most attention. Most of the shrubs that are suitable for growing against walls are between 3 and 10 feet in height.
The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover
The Prime Site:
- 2a Wall Shrubs 1, 2, 3, 4
- 2b Fruit Trees
- Plants for Wildlife-use as well
- Raised Bed for Wheelchair Users
Above 120 inches (300+ cms) in height - The Higher Reaches. This is only likely to occur on house walls and other tall buildings with climbers and trained trees/shrubs covering all the way up to 36 inches from the guttering at roof level ( to prevent ingress to the internal roof space or blockage of the guttering).
The following pages in Infill3 gallery cover
The Higher Reaches:

The climbers in the Climber Plant Gallery have been placed into one of these 3 heights with the Text Box Boundary in:-

Blue for 0-36 inches (0-90 cms)
Green for 36-120 inches (90-300 cms)
Red for above 10 feet.

The Climber Plant Gallery splits the climbers into their following ways of climbing:-

Ramblers/Scramblers - These climbers lean on other plants or need artificial supports to climb - Roses, Jasmine, Espalier-trained Fruit Tree/Fruit Ramblers. These are suitable for house or building walls where vine-eye and wire or 1 inch square timber trellis support structures can be erected up to 3 feet below the gutter for the climbers to be tied to with natural twine (not plastic or metal wire - stems grow sideways but plastic and metal contrict this, whereas natural twine will eventually rot or be broken by the expanding stem), or they can be trained on chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or arbours. Herbaceous Clematis has been added since the top growth dies off completely in the Autumn and Non-Climbing Clematis since it will require being tied to a support structure. In the Infill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the
3a House-Wall Ramblers
Self-Clingers: Aerial Roots - A series of roots are produced along the length of its stems. These attach themselves very strongly to the surfaces they find - Ivy (Hedera).
Self-Clingers: Sucker Pads - Tendrils are produced along the young growing stems, opposite the leaves. The main tendril stem divides into a number of slender filaments, each of which has a scarcely perceivable pad at its tip.Once the tips have established contact, the tiny pad is much expanded and becomes a significant sucker, which fits so strongly to the surface that if the stem is pulled away the suckers are left behind- Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
Self-Clingers: Twining - Many climbers find support simply by twining their stems around any object they find - Wisteria and Honeysuckle.
Self-Clingers: Twining Leaf-Stem - Some climbers make do with sensitive leaf stalks which wrap themselves around objects for support - Clematis. Others establish themselves with thorns, hooks, spines and prickles.
Self-Clingers: Twining Tendrils - A group of climbers climb by producing a series of tendrils. These are touch sensitive and will curl round any small object they come into contact with and thus enable the plant to climb securely on itself or other plants or manmade support structures - Chinese Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus henryana), Sweet Pea and the Pea Family (Leguminosae).
All these Self-Clingers are suitable for garden walls, chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or fedges, but not for House-Walls. In the Infill3 Plants Index Gallery, these climbers go into the
3b The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Climbing Twiners 1, 2 Page or
3c The Higher Reaches - Non-House-Wall Self-Clinging Climbers Page.

Climber 3 Sector Vertical Plant System Use Pages:-

Fastest Covering
Least Protruding Growth when fan-trained
Evergreen 1, 2
In Exposed Position
Produces Ornamental Fruit 1, 2
Scented Flowers
Autumn Foliage Colour 1, 2
Winter Bark
Winter and Early Spring Flowers
Edible Fruit
Needs Conservatory or Greenhouse
Large Pots and Containers
Cut Flowers
Attractive to Bees
Use as Hedge
Use as Groundcover
Has Flowers during:-
- January
- February
- March
- April
- May 1, 2
- June
- July
- August
- September
- October
- November
- December
Simple Flower Shape:-
Elaborated Flower Shape:-

The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. Published by Penguin Books Ltd. in 1990. ISBN 0-670-82929-3 is providing more climbers to add to the ones from Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0).

Further details of each are available in Climber Plant Gallery:-
Climber Ramblers and Scramblers for House Wall and other supports like garden walls, pergolas, tripods, shrubs, trees,
Climber Wall Shrub Index for House Wall and other areas of the garden,
Climber Annuals Index for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Base of Wall Plants for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Self-Clinging Index for all support areas except House Walls,
Climber Tender Plants Index for all support areas except House Walls, or
Climber Twiners Index for all support areas except House Walls

Bedding:-

The following details about BEDDING comes from Wikipedia:-
"Bedding, in horticulture, refers to the temporary planting of fast-growing plants into flower beds to create colourful, temporary, seasonal displays, during spring, summer or winter. Plants used for bedding are generally annuals, biennials or tender perennials; succulents are gaining in popularity.
Some bedding plants are also referred to as "patio plants" because they are widely used in pots and other containers positioned on patios, terraces, decking and other areas around houses. Larger tender "conservatory plants" may also be moved out from greenhouses or conservatories and planted out in borders (or stood in their pots in sheltered positions) for the warmer months, then returned to shelter for the winter.
The modern bedding plant industry breeds and produces plants with a neat, dwarf habit, which flower uniformly and reliably. They are bred primarily for use in large-scale bedding schemes where uniformity and predictability is of paramount importance, but this is often achieved by losing the plants' individual character, and has been criticised by such notable plantsmen as the late Christopher Lloyd, who championed an informal style of bedding.

Bedding plants
There exists a huge range of plants specifically grown to produce a period of flower colour throughout the spring and summer, and (usually) discarded after flowering. They may conveniently be divided into four groups:-

Hardy annuals sown directly into the ground early in the season (poppy, stock, sunflower, clarkia, godetia, eschscholzia, nigella, dianthus)
Tender annual or perennial plants treated as half-hardy annuals - sown under glass in late winter in heat, or purchased as young plants, and hardened-off outdoors when all danger of frost has passed (begonia, lobelia, petunia, argyranthemum, chrysanthemum, pelargonium, nicotiana, cosmos, fuchsia)
Hardy biennial plants, or perennials treated as biennial, sown in one year to flower the next, and discarded after flowering (antirrhinum, polyanthus, wallflower, daisy, foxglove, some dianthus, some poppies, campanula, delphinium, aubrieta, aquilegia, cornflower, pansies)
Corms, rhizomes, bulbs and tubers, planted each year and lifted after the plant has died down and stored in winter, or discarded (tulip, narcissus, hyacinth, gladiolus, dahlia, canna)

Types of bedding
Formal bedding, as seen in parks and large gardens, where whole flower beds are replanted two or three times a year, is a costly and labour-intensive process. Towns and cities are encouraged to produce impressive displays by campaigns such as "Britain in Bloom".

Spring Bedding
Plants used for spring bedding are often biennials (sown one year to flower the next), or hardy, but short-lived, perennials. Spring-flowering bulbs such as tulips are often used, typically with forget-me-nots, wallflowers, winter pansies and polyanthus.
Summer Bedding
Plants used for summer bedding are generally annuals or tender perennials. They become available (often as what are referred to as "plug plants") in nurseries and garden centres during spring, to be gradually "hardened off" (acclimatised to outdoor conditions) by the purchaser and finally planted out around the time that the last frosts are expected. Experienced gardeners keep an eye on the weather forecasts at that time of year and are on standby to protect their bedding displays overnight with horticultural fleece (or the older alternatives of net curtains or newspaper) if frost threatens.
some annuals for bedding:-
- Annuals with Blue to Purple Flowers
- Annuals with Red to Pink Flowers
- Annuals with Green Flowers
- Annuals with Black or Brown Flowers
- Annuals with Yellow, and Orange Flowers
- Annuals with White Flowers
- Low-Growing Annuals
- Medium-Growing Annuals
- Tall-Growing Annuals
- Heat-Tolerant Annuals
- Annuals for Moist Soil
- Annuals for Shade
- Annuals for Indoors
- Annuals for Cutting
- Annuals that Naturalize
- Annuals with Decorative Foliage
- Annuals for Edging
- Annuals for Fragrance
- Annuals for Hanging Baskets
- Vining Annuals
- Annuals for Coastal Gardens
- Annuals with Clump-form Habit
- Annuals with Compact/Bushy Habit
- Annuals with Erect Habit
- Annuals with Mounded Habit
- Annuals with Spreading or Sprawling Habit
- Annuals with Wildflower Meadows
- Annuals To Cover Fences
- Annuals of Odds and Sods 1, 2
Carpet bedding
Carpet bedding employs two or more contrasting plant cultivars with a neat, dwarf habit and distinct colouring (of flower or foliage) to create geometric displays. It is often used to form such things as lettering, logos or trademarks, coats of arms, or floral clocks. Suitable plants are rosette-form succulents such as Echeveria or fairly slow-growing or mat-form foliage plants, such as coloured-leaved Alternanthera cultivars, which are tolerant of clipping; such plants may also be used in three-dimensional sculptural forms or pseudo-topiary.
- Coleus Bedding Trial Index . These Solenostemon are used as bedding for their multi-coloured foliage.
Winter Bedding
Planted in autumn to give a display until early spring, the plants used for winter bedding are mainly hardy perennials. As it has to be planted at the same time of year as spring bedding does, winter bedding tends to be less commonly seen, except in containers such as windowboxes. Some are short-lived and will be discarded after their first display; others may be used as a source of cuttings for the next year. Winter-hardy ornamental vegetables such as cultivars of kale and cabbage with coloured or variegated foliage are increasingly common. Primula cultivars (polyanthus and primroses) are commonly used, as are winter-flowering heathers and Viola × wittrockiana, winter pansies. Variegated evergreens such as cultivars of Vinca minor (lesser periwinkle), Euonymus fortunei and Hedera helix (ivies) are also popular."
Other Bedding Plant Uses in Pear Gallery (Bedding):-
- Bedding Out
- Filling In
- Screening
- Pots and Troughs
- Window Boxes and
- Hanging Baskets

Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index.
So, how can I feed the bees if I have no soil in my garden?

You could start with a sedum roof covering for a DIY green roof on a flat roof of a house, garage, carport, on a roof which is not more than 20 degrees from horizontal, or on top of hardstanding which is at ground level. Biodiverse mats could be used instead of sedum mats for the above areasto attract bees.
Then, there is no reason why you could not have Green Walls as well.

You could then progress to Rootop Gardens, which may require a further strengthening of the supporting structure to carry the potential extra weight:-

How to create a Rooftop Garden is one way and you could use some of the plants from the list below!!!
You could have a green roof on your house for Healthy Cities.

If you do not fancy putting plants on the walls or your roof, then you could have a series of window box gardens and Balcony gardens using self-watering planters and boxes from Amberol.

If you have the room in the hardstanding round your property then why not use a series of Promenade Self-Watering Planters from Amberol. These are easy to work on - even if you are in a wheelchair or otherwise infirm - and they could still then provide flowers for the bees to use.

"What do bees need?

Undisturbed nesting sites
Solitary bees may burrow into the ground, into mortar in brick and stonework, or use hollow bramble stems, or beetle borings in rotten wood.
Increasingly, artificial purpose-built 'homes' are being provided by conservation minded people.
Social bees, such as bumblebees, may construct their nests in old mouse, vole and mole holes; under hedge vegetation; beneath moss or grass tussocks, and under piles of cut vegetation.
Honey bees will use beehives, cavities in old trees or walls, roof spaces and chimneys.
Locations where the queen bumblebees can over-winter, dry and undisturbed.
Consistent supplies of pollen and nectar sources from early spring to late autumn. Pollen is needed for its proteins, lipids (essential for brood food production) and other constituents to produce sufficient brood, feed adult bees, help ensure the health of the colony and to create new comb. Nectar is collected and processed by another bee before being stored in the comb as honey. Both Pollen and Nectar is required by the bee colony throughout the 9-10 months they are active and rearing brood. When required, some of the bees will uncap the cells, add water to make a 50:50 honey to water mix and distribute it to others in the colony to provide the energy they need - especially in the winter during the other 2-3 months when not collecting pollen or nectar.
The Beekeeper's Garden by Hooper and Taylor - Published by Alphabooks Ltd., in 1988 - ISBN 0-7136-3023-X - provides comprehensive information on suitable plants, also useful is the classic text of
Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N, which was originally published prior to 1923 and a reproduction by Ulan Press and printed by Amazon.co.uk, Ltd was produced this century.
Unpolluted water." from
Plants and Honey Bees
An Introduction to Their Relationships
by David Aston and Sally Bucknall.
Printed by Northern Bee Books.
First published 2004, Reprinted 2009. ISBN 0-393-30879-0

The Potential Impact of Global Warming
The potential impact of global warming on UK gardens has been considered in the report 'Gardening in the Global Greenhouse, the impacts of climate change on gardens in the UK', published in November 2002 under the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP(). A number of scenarios were described, together with the likely changes in garden styles caused by climatic changes. These could have a significant effect on the availability and timing of bee forage. The following is from its conclusions:-

The role of gardens and parks as innumerable components in a green web, supporting and at times replacing the fragile network of natural ecosystems, has been little explored in this report. However, these millions of landscapes, large and small, will have a vital role to play in reinforcing a system of ecological corridors through which wildlife can migrate in response to climate change.

The following comes from Bee Bloom Index Gallery Site Map:-

Bee-Pollinated Plant Set 1. Set 1 has been completed in both the Bloom in Month and Index Galleries.

These 264 plants are from the other Galleries:-

51 ANNUALS, then
NEMOPHILA flowering in April-June and
NIGELLA flowering in July-September
2 ANNUAL - VEGETABLE
4 AQUATIC PLANTS
11 BIENNIALS and
MALVA SYLVESTRIS flowering in June-September
21 BULBS, CORMS, OR RHIZOMES, then
CROCUS flowering in September-April,
DAFFODIL flowering in December-May,
DAHLIA flowering in June-November
DUTCH HYACINTH flowering in March-April
4 CLIMBERS and
HEDERA HELIX flowering in September-November as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year and
ROSES flowering in June-October
31 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, then
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA flowering in March-May,
CYDONIA OBLONGA flowering in April-June
HELIANTHEMUM flowering in June-August - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather
HIBISCUS in August-September,
PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers flowering in June and
ROSES flowering in June-October
26 DECIDUOUS TREES, then
ACER flowering in March-April and
PRUNUS CERASIFERA flowering in February-March
9 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS, then
HEUCHERA flowering in May-September
22 EVERGREEN SHRUBS and
HEATHERS flowering in every month
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS flowering in April-June and
PYRACANTHA COCCINEA flowering in May-June
2 EVERGREEN TREES, then
ILEX flowering in May-June
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA flowering in August-September
2 GRASSES which cause hayfever
4 SEMI-EVERGREEN SHRUBS
66 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, then
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA flowering in March-May
HELLEBORUS flowering in January-March and
HELENIUM flowering in June-October
POLEMONIUM flowering in April-June
SALVIA SUPERBA flowering in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant
9 PERENNIAL HERBS, then
MENTHA flowering in July-August
SOFT FRUIT, then
RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) flowering in May-June

ee-Pollinated Plant Set 2 of 3 groups.

The plants in Table 10 , then - This group has been completed in the Index Gallery only

there are Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in these pages within the Index Gallery
transferred from Plants Topic and are inserted in Brown. This group is being inserted into the Index Gallery
0-24 inches (0-60 cms)
24-72 inches (60-180 cms)
Above 72 inches (180 cms)

There are 264 bee-pollinated plants in Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index Enumber indicates Empty Index Page. Bottom row of Grey is Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour. Click on the OOO in the Index Table below to link to those bee-pollinated plants of that flower colour in that month.
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
OOO E1.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Blue	OOO	OOO E11.	OOO E12.
OOO E13.	OOO E14.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Mauve	OOO	OOO	OOO E24.
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Purple	OOO E34.	OOO E35.	OOO E36.
OOO E37	OOO E38	OOO	OOO E40	OOO E41	OOO E42	OOO	OOO	OOO Brown	OOO	OOO E47	OOO E48
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Cream	OOO E58	OOO E59	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Green	OOO	OOO E71	OOO E72
OOO E73	OOO E74	OOO E75	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO E80	OOO E81Orange	OOO E82	OOO E83	OOO E84
OOO E85	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Pink	OOO	OOO E95	OOO E96
OOO E97	OOO E98	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Red	OOO	OOO E107	OOO E108
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO White	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Yellow	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Unusual	OOO	OOO E143	OOO E144
The above Index table states details of each plant in each page of Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel Gallery below. "The Beesource Beekeeping website was started in 1997 by a hobbyist beekeeper and became an online community for beekeepers and beekeeping in 1999. It has experienced organic, word of mouth grassroots growth ever since. Today, Beesource.com has 48.2K registered members and is the most active online beekeeping community of its kind in the world." Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel:-
The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:- "Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation. There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America. "Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph.
Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N. originally published prior to 1923, republished by Amazon on 211 March 2007 and it represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. Its contents are being used in the creation of this Bee-pollinated Bloom Index Gallery. I insert the plant names into this Index, but I cannot insert all the useful data as well!

Photos - Bloom per Month

bloomsmonth2a2a1a

Inner circle of Grey is 12 months of Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour

and the following are inserted in Blue:- This group has been completed in the Index Gallery only
ACER (Deciduous/Evergreen Shrub/Tree) in March-April
with Acer pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) in April-May (Green)
and Acer campestre (Maple, Field Maple) Native in Maple Family in May-Jun (Green)
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA (Herbaceous Perennial) in March-May
in Above 72 inches (180 cms) page
CROCUS (Bulb) in September-April
with Crocus vernus (Crocus purpureus, Spring Crocus, Purple Crocus) -
Crocus vernus 'Flower Record' in Feb-Apr (Purple) from
Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder and
in Colchicum/ Crocus Gallery
CYDONIA OBLONGA (Deciduous Shrub) in May (White to soft Rose)
DAFFODIL (Bulb) in December-May (Yellow, White or Orange) in Narcissus Gallery
and Daffodils in Daffodil Family.
DAHLIA (Bulb) in June-November (Many different colours and colour combinations).
46 out of 57,000 dahlia tubers detailed in Dahlia Gallery.
DUTCH HYACINTH (Bulb) in March-April (Blue, White, Pale Yellow, Pink, Red or Purple flowers)
with Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Festival) in Mar-Apr (Blue)
HEATHERS (Evergreen Shrub) in every month
with Calluna vulgaris (Unusual) from Heather calluna Gallery,
and Erica species like Erica cinerea (Purple) - Native in Heath Family -
with Erica cinerea Index of cultivars with its other flower colours ranging from
white through pink to red and
other Heathers in
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
HEDERA HELIX (Evergreen Climber) in September-November (Green) as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year
and native in Ivy Family
HELIANTHEMUM (Deciduous Shrub) in May-Sep (Yellow) - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather
and Native in Rockrose Family
HELENIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-October in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
HELLEBORUS (Herbaceous Perennial) in January-March in Bee Pollinated Plants between 0 and 24 inches
and native in Buttercup Family in March-May (Yellow)
HEUCHERA (Evergreen Perennial) in May-September in Bee Pollinated Plants between 0 and 24 inches
HIBISCUS (Deciduous Shrub) in August-September
with Hibiscus rosa sinensis in August-Oct (Crimson)
For further details see International Hibiscus Society , American Hibiscus Society and
Australian Hibiscus Society
ILEX (Evergreen Tree) in May-August (White)
and Periodical clipping of holly hedges prevents flowering. Clip in July instead
LAVANDULA (Annual, Herbaceous Perennial or Shrub) in June-July
with Lavendular angustifolia in July-September (Purple)
LAVATERA (Annual, Biennial, or Herbaceous Perennial) in May-August
with Lavatera trimestris and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
LEPTOSIPHON (Annual) in June-August
with Leptosiphon aureus in March-June (Yellow)
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA (Evergreen Tree) in August-September
with Magnolia grandiflora and its cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants above 72 inches
MALVA SYLVESTRIS (Biennial) in June-September (Purple)
MENTHA (Herb) in July-August
with Mentha aquatica (Water Mint, Mentha hirsuta) in June-September (Unusual)
but Fields of mint are harvested before they flower.
NEMOPHILA (Annual) in April-June
with Nemophila menziesii in June-July (Blue) Native to western North America
NIGELLA (Annual) in July-September
with Nigella damascena and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers (Shrub) in June
with Philadelphus and its cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
POLEMONIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in April-June
with Polemonium caeruleum in June-July (Blue)
PRUNUS CERASIFERA (Deciduous Tree) in February-March
with Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' in Bee Pollinated Plants above 72 inches
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June (White)
PYRACANTHA COCCINEA (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June (White)
ROSES (Deciduous Shrub/Climber) in June-October
with Roses in
Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
and Rosa canina (Dog Rose, Rosa coriifolia, Rosa stylosa, Rosa obtusifolia) in June-July (Pink),
which is Native in Rose 2 Family
RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) (Soft Fruit) in June-August (White)
SALVIA SUPERBA (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant -
with Salvia x superba and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
for those plants.

Bee-Pollinated Plant Set 3 of 3 groups. This set has not been started yet (6-Oct-2022)

In addition the extra plants used by bees from the following sections of my website will be inserted in Blue:-

The extra Annuals and Bedding Plants from Coleus Bedding
Foliage Trial - Pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, Index Galleries are added to Bee-pollinated Plant Index pages only and are shown in Blue:-
Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial Folder
from Plant Trials Field in RHS Garden
at Wisley taken on
2 October 2013
1, plus Tables of Annuals with/for:-
19, Decorative Foliage
Coleus Bedding Trial Index
Range, Culture and Description Details of each of the above are within
Essential Annuals The 100 best for Design and Cultivation.
Text by Elizabeth Murray. Photography by Derek Fell.
Published by Crescent Books in 1989. ISBN 0-517-66177-2
Bedding Gallery has
Single Flower provides pollen for bees
Further details on Bedding from the Infill Plants Galleries:-
...Use of Bedding:-
......Aromatic Fol
......Coloured Fol
......for Bees, etc
...Uses of Annuals
...Attract Insects
...Bee Pollinated
...Annual Pairing
...for Annual Foliage Colour

in the 12 flower colours per month Index pages of this Bee-pollinated Index Gallery in the table above.

Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are useful to honeybees, but double flowered cultivars are no benefit at all.

Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:-

• Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom. Wild roses and single-flowered garden roses yield pollen for honeybees.

• Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows and little benefit to honeybees.

• Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows and no benefit to honeybees at all.

• Full: 26-40 petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees

• Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees.

EXTRA PAGES OF PLANTS
MENU
Introduction
Site Map

PLANT USE
Plant Selection
Level 1
Bee Forage Plants
Attracts Bird/Butterfly
Photos - Butterfly

Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in
Bee Pollinated Calendar and Index Galleries
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms)
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms)
Above 72 inches
(180 cms)
Photos - Bee Pollinated Plant Bloom per Month
Blooms Nov-Feb
Blooms Mar-May
Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2
Blooms Sep-Oct

Poisonous Cultivated and UK Wildflower Plants with Photos
or
Cultivated Poisonous Plants
or
Wildflower Poisonous Plants

Rabbit-Resistant Plant
Flower Arranging
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

PLANTS FOR SOIL
Plant Selection
Level 2
Info - Any Soil
Any Soil A-F
Any Soil G-L
Any Soil M-R
Any Soil S-Z

Info - Chalky Soil
Chalky Soil A-F 1
Chalky Soil A-F 2
Chalky Soil A-F 3
Chalky Soil G-L
Chalky Soil M-R
Chalky Soil Roses
Chalky Soil S-Z
Chalky Soil Other

Info - Clay Soil
Clay Soil A-F
Clay Soil G-L
Clay Soil M-R
Clay Soil S-Z
Clay Soil Other

Info - Lime-Free (Acid) Soil
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 1
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 2
Lime-Free (Acid)
A-F 3
Lime-Free (Acid) G-L
Lime-Free (Acid) M-R
Lime-Free (Acid) S-Z

Info - Sandy Soil
Sandy Soil A-F 1
Sandy Soil A-F 2
Sandy Soil A-F 3
Sandy Soil G-L
Sandy Soil M-R
Sandy Soil S-Z

Info - Peaty Soils
Peaty Soil A-F
Peaty Soil G-L
Peaty Soil M-R
Peaty Soil S-Z

Following parts of Level 2a,
Level 2b,
Level 2c and
Level 2d are included in separate columns
together with
Acid Soil,
Alkaline Soil,
Any Soil,
Height and Spread,
Flowering Months and
Flower Colour in their Columns,
and also
Companion Plants to aid this plant Page,
Alpine Plant for
Rock Garden Index Page
Native to UK WildFlower Plant in its Family Page in this website
and/or
Level 2cc
in the Comment Column
within each
of the Soil Type Pages of
Level 2

Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

PLANTS PAGE MENU

Plant Selection by Plant Requirements
Level 2a
Sun aspect, Moisture

Plant Selection by Form
Level 2b
Tree Growth Shape
Columnar
Oval
Rounded / Spherical
Flattened Spherical
Narrow Conical
Broad Pyramidal
Ovoid / Egg
Broad Ovoid
Narrow Vase
Fan
Broad Fan
Narrow Weeping
Broad Weeping
Single-stem Palm
Multi-stem Palm
Shrub/Perennial Growth Habit
Mat
Prostrate / Trailing
Cushion / Mound
Spreading / Creeping
Clump
Stemless
Erect or Upright
Climbing
Arching

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2c
Bedding
Photos - Bedding
Bog Garden
Coastal Conditions
Containers in Garden
Front of Border
Edibles in Containers
Hanging Basket
Hedge
Photos - Hedging
Pollution Barrier 1, 2
Rest of Border
Rock Garden
Photos - Rock Garden
Thorny Hedge
Windbreak
Woodland

Plant Selection by Garden Use
Level 2cc Others
Aquatic
Back of Shady Border
Crevice Garden
Desert Garden
Raised Bed
Scree Bed
Specimen Plant
Trees for Lawns
Trees for Small Garden
Wildflower
Photos - Wildflowers

Plant Selection by Plant Type
Level 2d
Alpine
Photos - Evergr Per
Photos - Herbac Per
Photos - RHS Herbac
Photos - Rock Garden
Annual
Bamboo
Photos - Bamboo
Biennial
Bulb
Photos - Bulb
Climber
Photos - Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Rhizome
Deciduous Shrub
Photos - Decid Shrub
Evergreen Perennial
Photos - Evergr Per

Evergreen Shrub
0-24 inches 1, 2, 3
24-72 inches 1, 2, 3
Above 72 inches 1, 2

Semi-Evergreen Shrub
Photos - Evergr Shrub
Fern
Photos - Fern
Fruit Plant
Grass
Herb
Herbaceous Perennial
Photos - Herbac Per
Remaining Top Fruit
Soft Fruit
Sub-Shrub
Top Fruit
Tuber
Vegetable
Photos - Vegetable

Photos - with its link; provides a link to its respective Plant Photo Gallery in this website to provide comparison photos.
Click on required comparison page and then centre of selected plant thumbnail. Further details on that plant will be shown in a separate Plant Description webpage.
Usually the Available from Mail Order Plant Nursery link will link you to the relevant page on that website.
I started this website in 2005 - it is possible that those particular links no longer connect, so you may need to search for that plant instead.

When I started, a click on the centre of the thumbnail ADDED the Plant Description Page, now I CHANGE the page instead. Mobile phones do not allow ADDING a page, whereas stand alone computers do. The User Guidelines Page shows which Plant Photo Galleries have been modified to CHANGE rather than ADD.

------------

Ground-cover Height
Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil,
Plant combinations for sandy soil,
Plant combinations for clay soil,
Woodland, heaths and wet soil and
Shrubs for slopes and large beds chapters are useful
Groundcover Height
0-24 inches
(0-60 cms) 1, 2, 3
24-72 inches
(60-180 cms) 4, 5, 6
Above 72 inches
(180 cms) 7

PLANTS PAGE MENU

REFINING SELECTION
Plant Selection by
Flower Colour
Level 3a
Blue Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Orange Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Wild Flower

Other Colour Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Wild Flower

Red Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

White Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Decid Tree
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Yellow Flowers
Photos -
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Decid Shrub
Evergr Per
Evergr Shrub
Herbac Per
Rose
Wild Flower

Photos - 53 Colours in its Colour Wheel Gallery
Photos - 12 Flower Colours per Month in its Bloom Colour Wheel Gallery

Plant Selection by Flower Shape
Level 3b
Photos -
Bedding
Evergr Per
Herbac Per

Plant Selection by Foliage Colour
Level 3c
Aromatic Foliage
Finely Cut Leaves
Large Leaves
Other
Non-Green
Foliage 1
Non-Green
Foliage 2
Sword-shaped Leaves

PRUNING
Plant Selection by Pruning Requirements
Level 4
Pruning Plants

GROUNDCOVER PLANT DETAIL
Plant Selection Level 5
Plant Name - A from Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie
ISBN 1 85626 326 6
Plant Name - B
Plant Name - C
Plant Name - D with Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek.
ISBN 1 901094 41 3
Plant combinations for normal garden soil.
Plant combinations for sandy soil.
Plant combinations for clay soil.
Woodland, heaths and wet soil.
Shrubs for slopes and large beds.
Plant Name - E
Plant Name - F
Plant Name - G
Plant Name - H
Plant Name - I with How about using staging in your unheated greenhouse and stock it with bulbs and ferns for looking at from the house from autumn to spring, before using it for salads during the spring/summer from The Culture of Bulbs, Bulbous Plants and Tubers Made Plain by Sir J. L. Cotter.
Plant Name - J
Plant Name - K
Plant Name - L If you have no garden but only a concrete or tarmac area why not use 1 of the 8 Garden on a Roll garden borders and then maintain your garden using their Maintaining your border instructions.
Plant Name - M Importance of providing a mulch with the ground cover
Plant Name - N
Plant Name - O
Plant Name - P
Plant Name - Q
Plant Name - R
Plant Name - S
Plant Name - T
Plant Name - U
Plant Name - V
Plant Name - W
Plant Name - XYZ with Ground cover plants for 14 Special Situations:-
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts
Why grass/lawn should never be used as a groundcover
and
Why seaweed is a necessary ingredient for gardens
The 1000 Ground Cover plants detailed above will be compared in the Comparison Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and in the flower colour per month comparison pages of Evergreen Perennial Gallery starting in November 2022

Then, finally use
COMPANION PLANTING to
aid your plant selected or to
deter Pests
Plant Selection Level 6

Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are useful to honeybees, but double flowered cultivars are no benefit at all.

Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:-

• Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom. Wild roses and single-flowered garden roses yield pollen for honeybees.

• Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows and little benefit to honeybees.

• Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows and no benefit to honeybees at all.

• Full: 26-40 petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees

• Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees.

Information about Bee Pollinated Plants is in the Site Map of this gallery.

These 4 rows show that plants need access to the air, water and nutrients in the ground for mycorrhizal fungi to exchange with them for 30% of the plants production of sugars and lipids. If the ground is covered with tarmac, concrete or stone, it will stop this exchange to the detriment of the plant and the fungi.

The following is from
This Book is a Plant
How to grow, learn and radically engage with the natural world
by different authors.
Published in 2023 by Profile Books Ltd in association with Wellcome Collection.
ISBN 978 1 78816 692 8 :-

"Some time around 600 million years ago, green algae began to move out of shallow fresh waters and onto the land. They were the ancestors of all land plants... Today, plants make up to 80% of the mass of all life on Earth and are the base of the food chains that support nearly all terrestrial organisms....

But the algal ancestors of land plants had no roots, no way to store or transport water, and no experience in extracting nutrients from solid ground. How did they manage the fraught passage onto dry land? ... It was only by striking up new relationships with fungi that algae were able to make it onto land.

These early alliances evolved into what we now call mycorrhizal relationships. Today, more than 90% of all plant species depend on mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal associations are the rule not the exception: a more fundamental part of planthood than fruit, flowers, leaves, wood or even roots....

For the relationship to thrive, both plant and fungus must make a good metabolic match. In photosynthesis, plants harvest carbon from the atmosphere and forge the energy-rich carbon compounds - sugars and lipids - on which much of the rest of life depends. By growing within plant roots, mycorrhizal fungi acquire privileged access to these sources of energy: they get fed. However, photosynthesis is not enough to support life. Plants and fungi need more than a source of energy. Water and minerals must be scavenged from the ground - full of textures and micropores, electrically charged cavities and labyrinthine rot-scapes. Fungi are deft rangers in this wilderness and can forage in a way that plants can not. By hosting fungi within their roots, plants gain hugely improved access to these sources of nutrients. They, too, get fed. By partnering, plants gain a prosthetic fungus, and fungi gain a prosthetic plant. Both use the other to extend their reach.... By the time the first roots evolved, the mycorrhizal association was already some 50 million years old. Mycorrhizal fungi are the roots of all subsequent life on land.

Today, hundreds of millions of years later, plants have evolved, faster-growing, opportunistic roots that behave more like fungi. But even these roots cannot out-manoeuvre fungi when it comes to exploring the soil. Mycorrhizal hyphae are 50 times finer than the finest roots and can exceeed the length of a plant's roots by as much as a 100 times. Their mycelium makes up between a third and a half of the living mass of soils. The numbers are astronomical. Globally, the total length of mycorrhizal hyphae in the top 10 centimetres (4 inches) of soil is around half the width of our galaxy (4.5 x 10 to the power 17 kilometres versus 9.5 x 10 to the power 17 kilometres). If these hyphae were ironed into a flat sheet, their combined surface area would cover every inch of dry land on Earth 2.5 times over....

In their relationship, plants and mycorrhizal fungi enact a polarity: plant shoots engage with the light and air, while the fungi and plant roots engage with the solid ground. Plants pack up light and carbon dioxide into sugars and lipids. Mycorrhizal fungi unpack nutrients bound up in rock and decomposing material. These are fungi with a dual niche: part of their life happens within the plant, part in the soil. They are stationed at the entry point of carbon into terrestrial life cycles and stitch the atmosphere into relation with the ground. To this day, mycorrhizal fungi help plants cope with drought, heat and many other stresses life on land has presented from the very beginning, as do the symbiotic fungi that crowd into plant leaves and stems. What we call 'plants' are in fact fungi that have evolved to farm algae, and algae that have evolved to farm fungi....

Mycorrhizal fungi can provide up to 80% of a plant's nitrogen, and as much as 100% of its phosphorus. Fungi supply other crucial nutrients to plants, such as zinc and copper. They also supply plants with water, and help them to survive drought as they have done since the earliest days of life on land. In return, plants allocate up to 30% of the carbon they harvest to their mycorrhizal partners....

And yet mycorrhizal fungi do more than feed plants. Some describe them as keystone organisms; others prefer the term 'ecosystem engineers'. Mycorrhizal mycelium is a sticky living seam that holds soil together; remove the fungi, and the ground washes away. Mycorrhizal fungi increase the volume of water that the soil can absorb, reducing the quantity of nutrients leached out of the soil by rainfall by as much as 50%. Of the carbon that is found in soils - which, remarkably, amounts to twice the amount of carbon found in plants and the atmosphere combined - a substantial proportion is bound up in tough organic compounds produced by mycorrhizal fungi. The carbon that floods into the soil through mycorrhizal channels supports intricate food webs. Besides the hundreds or thousands of metres of fungal mycelium in a teaspoon of healthy soil, there are more bacteria, protists, insects and arthropods than the number of humans who have ever lived on Earth.

Mycorrhizal fungi can increase the quality of a harvest. They can also increase the ability of crops to compete with weeds and enhance their resistance to diseases by priming plant's immune systems. They can make crops less susceptible to drought and heat, and more resistant to salinity and heavy metals. They even boost the ability of plants to fight off attacks from insect pests by stimulating the production of defensive chemicals...

But over the course of the twentieth century, our neglect has led us into trouble. In viewing soils as more or less lifeless places, industrial agricultural practices have ravaged the undergound communities that sustain the life we eat.... A large study published in 2018 suggested that the 'alarming deterioration' of the health of trees across Europe was caused by a disruption of their mycorrhizal relationships, brought about by nitrogen pollution." from Before Roots chapter by Merlin Sheldrake.

"We do know, that this fragile, generative world has been damaged by intensive farming, pollution, deforestation and global heating. A third of the planet's land has been severely degraded and 24 billion tons of fertile soil are destroyed every year through intensive farming, according to the Global Land Outlook. Topsoil is where 95% of the planet's food is grown and is very delicate. It takes more than 100 years to build 5mm of soil, and it can be destroyed shockingly easily. This destruction and degradation of the soil is created by intensive farming practices such as heavy mechanised soil tilling, which loosens and rips away any plant cover, leaving the soil bare. It is also caused by the overgrazing of animals, as well as forest fires and heavy construction work. These factors disturb the soil and leave it exposed to erosion from wind and water, damaging the complicated systems underneath its top layer...

We are losing good soil at an estimated 100 times faster rate than we can remake and heal it. The world's soils are thought to store approximately 15 thousand million tonnes of carbon - 3 times as much as all of our planet's terrestrial vegetation combined. Soils hold twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, and when soil disintegrates, the carbon is released. In the last 40 years the soil in the UK's croplands lost 10% of the carbon it could store. In a time of climate crisis, soil's quiet potency, its ability to store carbon safely, is utterly essential to our future survival....

We know that soils are being destroyed, and that with that comes a higher risk of floods, and a more unpredictable and unreliable food and water system. An Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecostem Services report in 2018 told us clearly that land degradationis already putting the welfare of two-fifths of humanity at risk, and that urgent action is needed to avoid further danger. There are many things we can do to protect soils, and the organisms, plants and connections that thrive within them. Actions that can support and heal soil structure include

planting 'cover crops',
planting hedgerows or ley strips and
encouraging the habitats of animals such as earthworms, which act as 'ecosystem engineers' and aerate the soil as they burrow into it
Using reduced till or no-till regimes in farming can also help to prevent the destruction of organic matter in the soil.

Such regimes allow soil structure to remain intact, and protect the soil by allowing crop residues to stay on the surface. " from Strange Soil chapter by Rebecca Tamas.

Due to intensive farming techniques and chemical fertilisers this has occurred:-
A 2004 US study found important nutrients in some garden crops are up to 38% lower than there were at the middle of the 20th Century. On average, across the 43 vegetables analysed, calcium content declined 16%, iron by 15% and phosphorus by 9%.
The BBC has produced an article as to why modern food as lost its nutrients.

The following about trees in pavements show why when the roots are denied access to air, water and nutrients even the fungi cannot work to support the trees.
Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

soil14a1

The following addition of this mulch improved the clay soil, so that
neither the fungi nor the plants would drown.

A 150mm deep mulch of mixed peat, sharp washed sand and horticultural grit was applied on top of a heavy clay soil to improve its structure, and stop the plants therein from drowning, at £10 a square metre. The mix was:

4 cubic metres of Peat (to provide the Organic Polymers/Organic Matter and Carbon.)
2 cubic metres of Sharp Washed Sand (to provide the sand for the production of microaggregates)
2 cubic metres of Horticultural Grit (to provide larger particles for aggregation)
25kg of Garden Lime (to provide Calcium for the plants and allow clay minerals to bond together to form domains. Once clay minerals are stacked together to form domains, they can then bond with organic matter to form microaggregates)
25 kg of Sulphate of Iron (to provide Iron to act as a trace element and to create soil colloid for buffering chemical nutrients in the soil for later use by plants)
25Kg of Sulphate of Potash ( to provide fertilizer for the plants)

The following was then sent to me:-

and the following was sent to me in October 2004:-

An unsuccessful planting scheme had left bare areas of garden as plants failed to survive winter in the waterlogged clay soil. The loss of numerous plants and the cost of replacing them had left us disheartened. It was evident that remedial action was need in the form of a mixture of gravel, sand and peat to create an organic loam. Approximately six inches was added in April and left to settle and do its job. By July there was a noticeable difference in the quality of the soil and the plants. Shrubs with sparse, mottled leaves were looking glossy and robust, overall growth had increased (including the weeds!) and the soil was holding its moisture well. But the biggest difference came in the confidence it gave us to transform the garden. The borders used to be a no-go area between May and September as the clay baked and cracked, but the new soil was easy to handle and weeds could be successfully removed. We realised that there are no quick fixes - the key to a healthy garden is rich, nutritous soil. Once our plants began to thrive we were optimistic that, with good advice, we could create a garden to be proud of.

PERENNIAL - EVERGREEN GALLERY PAGES

FLOWER COLOUR
(o)Blue
Orange
(o)Other Colours
(o)Red
(o)Pink
(o)White
(o)Yellow

FOLIAGE COLOUR
Black
Blue
(o)Brown
(o)Bronze
(o)Green1
(o)Green2
(o)Grey
(o)Purple
(o)Red
(o)Silver
(o)Variegated White
Variegated Yellow
White
Yellow
Autumn Colour
4 Season Colour

FORM
(o)Mat-form
(o)Prostrate
(o)Mound-form
(o)Spreading
(o)Clump-form
Stemless
(o)Upright
Climbing
Arching

FRUIT COLOUR
(o)Fruit

FLOWER BED PICTURES
(o)Garden

Garden Plant Use
is given in the next column

Topic - Camera Photo Galleries
in the Topic Table for photos to aid your plant choice

Plant Selection by Flower Colour

Blue Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Wild Flower.

Orange Flowers

Bedding.
Wild Flower.

Other Colour Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Wild Flower.

Red Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.

White Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Decid Tree.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.

Yellow Flowers

Bedding.
Bulb.
Climber.
Decid Shrub.
Evergr Per.
Evergr Shrub.
Herbac Per.
Rose.
Wild Flower.

Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders is in the Topic Table, then you can use

Flower Perfume Group:-

Indoloid Group.

Aminoid Group with scent - Hawthorn.

Heavy Group with scents -
Jonquil and
Lily.

Aromatic Group with scents - Almond,
Aniseed, Balsamic,
Carnation, Cinnamon, Clove,
Spicy and
Vanilla.

Violet Group.

Rose Group.

Lemon Group with scent -
Verbena.

Fruit-scented Group with scents -
Apricot,
Fruity,
Green Apple,
Orange, Pineapple,
Ripe Apple , Ripe Banana and
Ripe Plum.

Animal-scented Group with scents -
Cat,
Dog,
Ferret,
Fox,
Goat,
Human Perspiration,
Musk,
Ripe Apple and
Tom Cat.

Honey Group.

Unpleasant Smell Group with scents -
Animal,
Fetid,
Fishy,
Foxy,
Fur-like,
Garlic,
Hemlock,
Manure,
Nauseating,
Perspiration,
Petrol,
Putrid,
Rancid,
Sickly,
Skunk,
Stale Lint,
Sulphur and
Urinous.

Miscellaneous Group with scents -
Balm,
Brandy,
Cedar,
Cloying,
Cowslip,
Cucumber,
Damask Rose, Daphne,
Exotic,
Freesia,
Fur-like,
Gardenia,
Hay-like,
Heliotrope, Honeysuckle,
Hops,
Hyacinth,
Incense-like, Jasmine,
Laburnham,
Lilac,
Lily of the Valley, Meadowsweet, Mignonette,
Mint,
Mossy,
Muscat,
Muscatel,
Myrtle-like,
Newly Mown Hay, Nutmeg,
Piercing,
Primrose,
Pungent,
Resinous, Sandalwood, Sassafras,
Seductive,
Slight,
Soft,
Stephanotis,
Sulphur,
Starch,
Sweet,
Sweet-briar,
Tea-rose,
Treacle and
Very Sweet.

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL GALLERY PAGES

Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

PLANT USE AND FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY
compares the use and flower shape of plants in this website
- WHICH ARE THOSE PLANTS FROM OTHER GALLERIES BESIDES THE WILDFLOWER SHAPE GALLERY -
combined with those already compared in
Bedding,
Bulb,
Evergreen Perennial,
Herbaceous Perennial and
Roses
pages as linked to in row
Topic - Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process
in the TOPIC table - on the extreme left - at the end of this page with this Tip Colour background.

7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below

for Evergreen Perennials only prior to July 2022,
from July 2022 it will compare every plant with flowers in this website
in this EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.

I have updated the plant type and plant use for the Evergreen Perennials by February 2023,

then, I will continue from September 2023 to insert all the 1000 Ground-cover Plants using 'Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places' by John Cushnie ISBN 1 85626 326 6
into the relevant 3 Galleries:-

1. 104 Ground-cover Plants have been inserted into Flower Colour Month Comparison Page within Evergreen Perennial Gallery including those of foliage only in January Unusual Flower.

Ground Cover from PLANTS is within the text box under the thumbnail, and by clicking on the centre of the thumbnail, the page shall be changed

to its descriptive row within one of these pages in PLANTS Topic -
1000 Ground
...Cover A, B, C,
...D, E, F, G, H, I,
... J, K, L, M, N,
...O, P, Q, R, S, T,
...U, V, W, XYZ
...with Ground
...Cover for 14
...Situations
1 Dry Shade
2 Damp Shade
3 Full Sun
4 Banks and Terraces
5 Woodland
6 Alkaline Sites
7 Acid Sites
8 Heavy Clay Soil
9 Dry Sandy Soil
10 Exposed Sites
11 Under Hedges
12 Patios and Paths
13 Formal Gardens
14 Swimming Pools and Tennis Courts.
Also, Use
...Ground Cover
...in Landscape
...noise reduction

2. into Wildflower Shape Gallery pages in this Table:-

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link
Number of Flower Petals
Number of Flower Petals	Petal-less Petal-less	1 1	2 2	3 3	4 4 and could be cross-shaped	5 5	Above 5 Above 5

Flower Shape - Simple
	Stars Stars	Bowls Bowls	Cups and Saucers	Globes Globes	Goblets and Chalices	Trumpets Trumpet	Funnels Funnels

	Bells Bells	Thimbles Thimbles	Urns Urns	Salver-form Salver-form

Flower Shape - Elab--orated
	Tubes, Lips and Straps	Slippers, Spurs and Lockets	Hats, Hoods and Helmets	Stan-dards , Wings and Keels	Discs and Florets	Pin-Cushions	Tufts Tufts
							Flower stem termin-ating with a Single Flower
	Cushion Cushion	Umbel Umbel	Buttons Buttons	Pompom Pompom

Natural Arrange--ments
Natural Arrange--ments	Bunches, Posies and Sprays	Columns, Spikes and Spires	Whorls, Tiers and Candle-labra	Plumes and Tails	Chains and Tassels	Cloud, Garland and Cascade	Spheres, Domes and Plates

From the Topics Table:- Plants detailed in this website by:- Botanical Name A,		in Chalk Soil A,		Plants :- in Chalk (Alkaline) Soil A-F1,		Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers Bee-Pollinated Index and Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:- Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders
Bulb A1,		1000 Ground Cover A,		in Heavy Clay Soil A-F,		Companion Planting A,
Evergreen Perennial A, with Evergreen Perennials compared in Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery		Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers A,		Lime-Free (Acid) Soil A-F,		Rose Rose Use and Plant with Camera Photo Index by Ivydene Gardens A 1,
Herbaceous Perennial A1, and UK Peony Index		Wildflower Botanical Names, Common Names . Continuing from October 2023 All use of plants will be compared in Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery, Flower colour/month in Evergreen Perennial Gallery and Flower Shape in Wildflower Flower Shape Gallery		in Light Sand Soil A-F, and Poisonous Plants		The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process dependent on the Garden Style chosen Garden Style with plants detailed in Infill Plants

and

3. 90 Ground-cover Plants into the following pages in the EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE Gallery:-

Garden Plant Use
ANIMAL RESISTANT PLANTS ,
Aquatic ,
Aromatic Foliage ,
ATTRACTS BEES ,
ATTRACTS BUTTERFLIES ,
Back of Shady Border ,
Bedding ,
Bog Garden ,
Coastal Conditions ,
Containers in Garden ,
COTTAGE GARDEN ,
Crevice Garden ,
CUT FLOWERS ,
Desert Garden ,
EDGE OF BORDER ,
Edibles in Containers ,
Finely Cut Leaves ,
FRAGRANT FLOWERS ,
Front of Border ,
Hanging Basket ,
Hedge ,
Large Leaves ,
Non-Green Foliage 1 ,
Non-Green Foliage 2 ,
Other Garden ,
Pollution Barrier 1, 2 ,
Raised Bed ,
Rest of Border ,
Rock Garden ,
Scree Bed ,
Specimen Plant ,
Sword-shaped Leaves ,
Thorny Hedge ,
Trees for Lawns ,
Trees for Small Garden ,
Wildflower ,
Windbreak ,
Woodland .

followed by continuing to insert all the plants with flowers from Camera Photo Galleries as indicated by
"Plant with Photo Index" from
Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187 A 1, 2, Index
into the Colour Wheel comparison pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in Blue
having started in January 2023.

I will continue to insert all the plants planted in chalk as indicated by
"from Chalk Garden" from
GARDEN CONSTRUCTION Index using
'A Chalk Garden' by F C Stern. Published by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd in 1960
into the Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in black.

then the following plants shall be added from

Aquatic,
Bamboo,
Bedding,
Bulb,
Climber,
Conifer,
Deciduous Shrub,
Deciduous Tree,
Evergreen Shrub,
Evergreen Tree,
Fern,
Grass,
Hedging,
Herbaceous Perennial,
Herb,
Odds and Sods,
Rhododendron,
Rose,
Soft Fruit,
Top Fruit,
Vegetable and
Wildflower

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,

- after the entries have been completed in the Landscaping List Pages.

finally - I am inserting these from February 2023, I will continue to insert all the plants
from the following book on planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. She is writing about perennials for use in America.
into the Landscaping List Pages of this Wildflower Shape Gallery and
into the Flower Colour per Month Colour Wheel Comparison Pages above of EVERGREEN PERENNIAL Gallery in royal blue.
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0.

Evergreen Perennials Height from Text Border in this Gallery

Brown =
0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue =
12-24 inches
(30-60 cms)

Green =
24-36 inches
(60-90 cms)

Red =
36-72 inches
(90-180 cms)

Black =
72+ inches
(180+ cms)

Evergreen Perennials Soil Moisture from Text Background in this Gallery

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

Dry Soil

The Plant Height Border in this Gallery has changed from :-
Blue = 0-2 feet (0-24 inches), Green = 2-6 feet (24-72 inches), Red = 6+ feet (72+ inches) to

Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)
Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)
Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)
Red = 36-72 inches (90-180 cms)
Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Climber 3 Sector Vertical Plant System has the following 3 sectors on a House Wall or High Wall, with further details in table on the right
Cyan = 0-36 inches (0-90cms) for The Climber Base
Magenta = 36-120 inches (90-300cms) for The Climber Prime Site
Orange 3 = 120+ inches (300cms) for The Climber Higher Reaches

Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June).
Click on thumbnail to change this comparison page to the Plant Description Page of the Evergreen Perennial named in the Text box below that photo.
The Comments Row of that Evergreen Perennial Description Page details where that Evergreen Perennial is available from.

EVERGREEN PERENNIAL INDEX

Evergreen Perennial Name.

Alpine Evergreen Perennial if Text Background is Blue

Flower Colour

Flower Thumb-nail

Flowering Months

/ Form

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
(1 inch = 2.5 cms,
12 inches = 1 foot
12 inches = 30 cms,
24 inches = 2 feet,
3 feet = 1 yard,
40 inches = 100 cms)

Foliage Colour

Comments

Acaena buchananii

Yellow

See large photo on
Foord Garden Flowers Page 1

acaenacflobuchananiifoord

July, August

Mat-form

1.2 x 16
(3 x 40)

Grey-Green
acaenacfol1buchananiifoord

Plant in crevices of paving stones, in walls, on banks and slopes as a ground cover, in pale coloured gravel, in a Rock Garden or Containers at 12" spacing.

Acaena inermis
'Purpurea'

Brownish-Green , then click on plant name for photo

Photo required

July, August

Mat-form

5 x 12-36
(13 x 30-90)

Purple-brown to
pale olive
acaenacfolinermispurpureakevock

A fantastic small scale evergreen groundcover with leaves shaded in deep purple/red.

Acaena magellanica
georgia-australis

Brownish-Green

Photo required

July, August

Mat-form

5 x 12-36
(13 x 30-90)

Grey-Green
acaenacfolmagellanicageorgiaaustraliskevock

Leaves that reach 2 inches in length with 11-15 tiny, light grey-green deeply blunt toothed leaflets

Acaena microphylla

Black

acaenacflomicrophyllafoord

July, August

Mat-form

2-4 x 24
(5-10 x 60)

Green
acaenacfolmicrophyllafoord

Native from montane river gravels with grassland and herbfield in North Island, New Zealand. The spiny burrs (fruit) may be a nuisance to pets and sheep.

Acantholimon
glumaceum

Pink and Purple

acantholinumcflop99glumaceumfoord1

July

acantholimoncforglumaceumfoord
Mat-form

3 x 6-12
(8 x 15-30)

Mid to Dark Green
acantholimoncfolglumaceumfoord

Only Acantholimon glumaceum and Acantholimon venustum (1993) have generally proved themselves reliable in the open, requiring sharp drainage and either a scree or a vertical crevice or dry wall facing South or West. It is best to put young plants in their permanent positions and leave them undisturbed thereafter.

Acantholimon
venustum

Pink

acantholimoncflo1venustumfoord

July, August,
September

acantholimoncforvenustumfoord
Cushion

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Blue-Grey to Grey-Green
acantholimoncfolvenustumfoord

Achillea chrysocoma

Bright Yellow

achilleacflochrysocomafoord

July

achilleacforchrysocomafoord
Clump-form

8-12 x 12
(20-30 x 30)

Green
achilleacfolchrysocomafoord

Excellent cut flower in fresh or dry arrangements. To dry, cut and hang upside down in a dark area with good ventilation.

Aethionema
armenum

Pink, sometimes white,
veined

aethionemacfloarmenumfoord1

May, June, July

aethionemacforarmenumfoord
Cushion

4-8 x 18
(10-20 x 45)

Blue-Grey
aethionemacfolarmenumfoord

Ideal for the rock garden, bedded in gravel, raised bed, trained up a dry wall or pot plant in the Alpine House. Plant with Arenaria montana, Aster alpinus 'Pinkie' and Campanula portenschlagiana

Aethionema
grandiflorum

Pink

aethionemacflograndiflorumkevock

May, June, July,
August

aethionemacforgrandiflorumkevock
Spreading

12-18 x 18
(30-45 x 45)

Grey-Green
aethionemacfolgrandiflorumkevock

Aethionema
'Warley Rose'

Pink

aethionemacflowarleyrosekevock

May, June, July,
August

aethionemacfloswarleyrosekevock
Mat-form

4-6 x 20 (10-15 x 50)

Blue-Grey

Agapanthus
africanus blue

Deep Blue

agapanthuscfloafricanusbluefoord

July, August,
September

agapanthuscflosafricanusbluefoord1
Clump-form

32 x 18
(80 x 45)

Light Green
agapanthuscfolafricanusbluefoord

Excellent cut flower. Contrasts well with yellow flowers. Easily combined with kniphofia, crocosmia, phygelius, potentilla, iris and tropical foliage.

Agapanthus
africanus 'Albus'

White

agapanthuscfloalbuskevock

July, August,
September

agapanthuscflosalbuskevock1
Clump-form

24-36 x 24
(60-90 x 60)

Dark Green
agapanthuscfolalbuskevock

Excellent cut flower. Combine with Echinops ritro 'Veitch's Blue' and Hemerocallis 'Pink Damask'. Plants for pest control against slugs and snails in Companion Planting.

Ajuga genevensis

Violet-blue, can be
pink or white

ajugacflo1genevensisfoord

May, June

ajugacforgenevensisfoord
Mat-form

8-10 x 24 (20-25 X 60)

Dark Green
ajugacfolgenevensisfoord

Mat-form plant that grows on the edges of dry woods, as well as in thickets and grasslands. Combine Ajuga with pink, pale blue and mauve flowers.

Ajuga pyramidalis
'Arctic Fox'

Violet-blue, can be
pink or white

Photo required

April, May, June

Mat-form and slowly Spreading

6 x 6
(15 x 45)

Cream leaves with Dark Green margin
ajugacfolpyramidalisarcticfoxkevock

A good edge-softener for polygonatum, Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam', Hosta 'Sum and Substance', bronze fennel, ornamental grasses, iris, lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea', round bulbs, under fruit trees, alongside woodland paths or in the shady border.

Ajuga reptans

Dark Blue

centaurea montana flower

May, June

ajugareptanscforkevock1
Mat-form

6 x 30
(15 x 75)

Dark Green

Partner with late narcissi, soft yellow primroses (Primula veris), cowslips, ornamental comfrey (Symphytum ibericum), Lenten Rose (Helleborus x hybridus), Chionodoxa forbesii 'Pink Giant', Dianthus Allwoodii Alpinus Group, Erysimum hieraciifolium, Iris pallida 'Argentea Variegata', Tulipa clusiana var. chrysantha.
Then later,
with autumn crocuses, colchicums (colchicum agrippinum) and Origanum vulgare 'Aureum'.

Ajuga reptans
'Atropurpurea'

Dark Blue

ajugacfloreptansatropurpurea

April, May, June

ajugaforreptansatropurpurea1
Mat-form

6 x 36
(15 x 90)

Reddish-Purple

Ajuga reptans
'Braunherz'

Light Blue

ajugareptansbraunherzcflocoblands

May, June

ajugareptansbraunherzcforcoblands1
Mat-form

3.5 x 30
(9 x 75)

Purple with Bronze tint
ajugareptansbraunherzcfolcoblands1

Ajuga reptans
'Burgundy Glow '

Deep Blue, petall-less, flowers in whorls within tiers

Photo required

April, May

6 x 30
(15 x 75)

Silver-Green, flushed Red
calluna vulgaris cuprea foliage

Ajuga reptans
'Catlin's Giant '

Deep Blue

ajugareptanscatlinsgiantcflorvroger

May, June

ajugareptanscatlinsgiantcforrvroger1
Mat-form

8 x 15
(20 x 38)

Bronze-Purple
ajugareptanscatlinsgiantcfolrvroger1

A good edge-softener for Polygonatum, Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam', Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei', Hosta 'Sum and Substance', bronze-foliaged Fennel, Ornamental Grasses, Iris and Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'. Use under fruit trees with bulbs. Also useful as a groundcover between larger perennials and shrubs.

Ajuga reptans
'Rainbow'

Dark Blue

centaurea montana flower

May, June

ajugareptansrainbowcforkevock1
Mat-form

4.75 x 30
(12 x 75)

Variegated Bronze-Green, Cream and Pink
ajugareptansrainbowcfol2kevock1

Ajuga reptans
'Valfredda'

Dark Blue

Photo required

May, June

ajugareptansvalfreddacforkevock1
Mat-form

4.75 x 30
(12 x 75)

Chocolate-Brown
ajugareptansvalfreddacfolkevock1

Ajuga reptans
'Variegata'

Dark Blue

ajugacfloreptansvariegata

April, May, June

ajugacfforp91reptansvariegata
Mat-form

6 x 24
(15 x 60)

Grey-Green leaves margined and splashed Cream
ajugafolreptansvariegata1

Alyssum montanum

Golden Yellow

alyssumflo1montanumfoord

June

alyssumfortmontanumflowermay84a
Mat-form

6 x 18
(15 x 45)

Grey
alyssumfoltmontanumflowermay84a

Alpine House Cultivation Alyssum do well in Compost A (Equal parts of loam, leafmould and sand. This is a suitable mixture for plants which require a light, open, porous soil with good drainage. A good mixture for troughs in a sheltered position in part shade.) over good drainage. They need
1) a ample amount of water in spring and summer,
2) from September to April give only enough water to keep the compost dry but not from becoming arid in winter.

Alyssum saxatile

Bright Yellow

alyssumflosaxatilefoord

April, May, June

alyssumcforsaxatilefoord
Mat-form

12 x 36
(30 x 90)

Grey-White
alyssumcfolsaxatilefoord

Anchusa cespitosa

Deep bright blue

anchusacflocespitosafoord

May, June, July

anchusacforcespitosafoord
Cushion

2 x 9
(5 x 23)

Deep Green
anchusacfolcespitosafoord

Use in rock garden, raised bed, scree or alpine house. Pair Anchusa azurea 'Loddon Royalist' with Papaver orientale for early summer counterpoint., then add some orange Geums, deep blue Siberian Iris, with a little Euphorbia griffithii 'Fireglow' nearby - to produce an eye-popping combination.

Androsace albana

Pale pink or white

androsacecfloalbanakevock1

July, August

androsacecforalbanakevock
Cushion

4-10 x 4 (10-25 x 10)

Mid-Green
androsacecfolalbanakevock

Ideal for the rock garden and raised bed (Rock Garden FAQS). High alpine species need vertical crevices in rock work, a dry wall or scree bed conditions.

Androsace bulleyana

Purple-red

androsacecflobulleyanakevock1

June, July

androsacecforbulleyanakevock
Mat-form

4-12 x 4 (10-30 x 10)

Grey-Green
androsacecfolbulleyanakevock

Androsace require sharply drained sandy soil in vertical crevices in rock work, a dry wall or a scree bed.

Androsace delavayi

Pink or white

androsacecflodelavayikevock1

May, June

androsacecfordelavayikevock
Cushion

6 x 6
(15 x 15)

Dark Green
androsacecfoldelavayikevock

Neatly cushion-form; older plants spreading to form mats. Fragrant.

Androsace
jacquemontii

Deep pink

androsaceflojacquemontiikevock

May, June

androsacecforjacquemontiikevock
Clump-form

1 x 8
(2.5 x 20)

Grey-Green
androsacecfoljacquemontiikevock

Thrives outside in a raised scree bed as a clump; ideally with a pane of glass to keep off the winter wet. Can be grown in an Alpine House.

Androsace laevigata
'Gothenburg'

Rose-pink to
rose-purple

androsacecflolaevigatakevock1

May, June

androsacecforlaevigatakevock
Mat-form

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Dark Green
androsacecfollaevigatakevock

Densely mat-form and compact, to about 1 foot across. Androsace World aims to exhibit a photograph of every known species of Androsace.

Androsace
lanuginosa

Lilac-pink

androsacecflolanuginosakevock1

June, July,
August

4 x 18
(10 x 45)

Grey-Green

An easily grown and attractive species for the rock garden, thriving even in clay soils with a modicum of grit. Plant vertically where possible so that rain and other water doesn't sit in the rosettes of the plant. This is a sure way to kill them off. Always water from beneath the leaves. Hates wet winters.

Androsace
mucronifolia

White to deep pink

androsacecflomucronifoliafoord1

June, July,
Mid-August

androsacecformucronifoliafoord
Cushion

4 x 15
(10 x 38)

Pale Green
androsacecfolmucronifoliafoord

Pale green foliage rosettes almost globular up to 0.5 inches across. Green leaves obovate, round tipped and mucronate (mucronate is an adjective meaning ending in a mucro, or sharp point). Habitat among rocks, screes and alpine meadows.

Androsace
pyrenaica

White

androsacecflopyrenaicafoord1a

May, June

androsacecforpyrenaicafoord
Cushion

4 x 9
(10 x 23)

Grey-Green
androsacecfolpyrenaicafoord

It favours acid rocks, being generally found on granite cliffs above 2500 metres in the Pyrenees. Perfect for alpine troughs. See details on its Alpine House Cultivation.

Androsace rigida

Bright pink

androsacecflorigidakevock1

April, May, June

androsacecforrigidakevock
Mat-form

4 x 8
(10 x 20)

Deep Green
androsacecfolrigidakevock

Native from South-Western China, in the drier subalpine zone on open grassy slopes, in rock crevices at forest margins and also in open mossy forests. Loosely mat to open cushion-form, in the wild sometimes up to 8 inches tall. Grows quite well outside with winter wet protection, but young growth can be frost damaged.

Androsace
rotundifolia

White fading to pink
or pink-red

androsacecflorotundifoliakevock1

June, July

androsacecforrotundifoliakevock
Spreading

5 x 3
(13 x 8)

Mid-Green
androsacecfolrotundifoliakevock

Native from North Western Himalaya; Kashmir to Nepal and Bhutan; in varied habitats from open hillsides to shady rock ledges and open woodland at altitudes of 1500-3600 metres.

Androsace
sarmentosa

Bright pink
to carmine

androsacecflo2sarmentosafoord

July, August

androsaceforsarmentosakevock
Mat-form

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Deep Green
androsacefolsarmentosakevock

It is one of the easiest and most rewarding of the species suitable for rock garden and raised beds.
Sharply drained sandy soil in vertical crevices in rock work, rock garden or a scree bed.
The plant prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, requires well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil.The plant prefers basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires dry or moist soil.

Androsace
sempervivoides

Pink to
mauve-pink

androsacecflosempervivoideskevock1

May

androsacecforsempervivoideskevock
Mat-form

6 x 2
(15 x 5)

Deep Green
androsacecfolsempervivoideskevock

It quickly spreads by runners to give a mat of rosettes, and does not need winter protection.
It requires a habitat of sharply drained sandy soil in vertical crevices in rock work, a dry wall or a scree bed.

Androsace
spinulifera

Magenta-red
to purple

androsacecflospinuliferakevock1

June, July

androsacecforspinuliferakevock
Clump-form

3-12 x 5
(8-30 x 13)

Light Green
androsacecfolspinuliferakevock

A plant from Yunnan, form small rosettes of spine-tipped, closely imbricated leaves in winter, these elongating to more loose, narrow spine-tipped large leaves in spring. Flowers on 6 inch stems in umbels. Quite easy in Compost A (Equal parts of loam, leafmould and sand. This is a suitable mixture for plants which require a light, open, porous soil with good drainage. A good mixture for troughs in a sheltered position in part shade). They need

a sufficiency of water in spring and summer with full sun conditions,
from September to April give only enough water to keep the compost dry but not from becoming arid in winter.

Androsace
strigillosa

White

androsacecflostrigillosakevock1

May, June
July

androsacecforstrigillosakevock
Clump-form

10 x 12
(25 x 30)

Mid-Green
androsacecfolstrigillosakevock

"The reverse of the petals are deep dusky pink outlined with white. It has grown well outside for many years, eventually making a wide clump." from Kevock Garden Plants .

Androsace studiosorum
'Doksa'

White

androsacecflostudiosorumdoksakevock1

April

androsacecforstudiosorumdoksakevock
Mat-form

3 x 3
(8 x 8)

Grey-Green
androsacecfolstudiosorumdoksakevock

Hairy grey-green foliage rosettes which are interlinked with fine red stems to make dense mats in sharply drained sandy soil in vertical crevices in rock work, a dry wall or a scree bed.

Androsace tapete

White

June, July

androsacecfortapetekevock
Cushion

3 x 6
(8 x 15)

Light Green
androsacecfoltapetekevock

Forms compact moundlike cushions and is native from dry meadows and gravelly mountain slopes. In the wild, it takes at least 10 years from first budding for this plant to form a rounded cushion about 3 inches high and 10 inches wide in the limestone gravel at arid heights.

Androsace
vandellii

White
...

androsacecflovandelliikevock1

April

androsacecfor1vandelliikevock
Cushion

2 x 4
(5 x 10)

Light Green

A tightly cushion-form species up to 6 inches across. Native from the Alps, in non-calcareous or igneous rock fissures, often in shaded sites but also stands full exposure. In its early years a relatively easy and popular species which can be grown outside in vertical crevices, or a scree bed, ideally with winter rain protection using a sheet of glass.

Androsace villosa

White fading to pink

androsacecflovillosakevock1

March, April, May

androsacecforvillosakevock
Mat-form

6 x 9
(15 x 23)

Mid-Green
androsacecfolvillosakevock

Hairy, mid-green foliage in rosettes, ideally with winter rain protection using a sheet of glass. Plant firmly in good, free soil, with lime rubble and sandstone fragments to keep it well drained.
Alpine House Propagation - By cuttings taken in July. Repot every other year after flowering.

Androsace
yargongensis

Pink or
White

androsacecfloyargongensiskevock1

June, July

androsacecforyargongensiskevock1
Cushion

1 x 4
(2.5 x 10)

Dark Green
androsacecfolyargongensiskevock

3 -5 White or Pink flowers in each cushion in June-July.
Dense cushions from regularly branched purplish-brown shoots and crowded dark green leaf rosettes 0.125-0.5 inches in diameter.
Soil - Sharply drained sandy soil in a limestone scree bed

Anemone blanda

Blue,
purple, white
or pink

anemonecflo1blandafoord1

March, April

anemonecfor1blandafoord
Clump-form

6 x 6
(15 x 15)

Dark Green
anemonecfol1blandafoord

Entire plant is poisonous.
For spring-flowering Anemones - bulbs, aquilegia, dicentra, helleborus, omphalodes, ranunculus ficaria, trillium and primula.
For late summer and autumn-flowering Anemones - grasses, hardy fuchsias, aster, dahlia, eupatorium, phlox and astrantia.

Anemone x hybrida

Pale pink

anemonecflo1hybridafoord1

August, September, October

anemonecfor1hybridafoord
Upright

48-60 x indef-inite (120-150 x indef-inite)

Mid-Green
anemonecfol1hybridafoord

The Japanese Anemone requires well-drained, humus-rich, Sand or Chalk; with moist soil that does not dry out. A Mulch with 4 inch depth of compost in November and top it up in March will accomplish this. Ideal for the border.

Anemonella
thalictroides

White (pink forms
are known)

anemonellacflothalictroidesfoord1

March, April,
May, June

anemonellacforthalictroidesfoord
Clump-form

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Olive-Green
anemonellacfolthalictroidesfoord

Clump or colony-form, slowly spreading to 12 inches or more across. Need to be protected from competition in the root zone. Plants disappear by midsummer (Summer dormant), earlier if they don't get enough moisture. Remove dead foliage and mark location of plants; even when dormant, they need to be kept moist. Tubers may rot in very wet soils like clay or alongside streams, rivers or lakes. Grow in a woodland garden, underplanting in a shady shrub border or a rock garden. See Nursery of Perennials, Ferns and Bulbs for Shade for other plants to put in the shade.

Anthericum liliago

White

anthericumcfloliliagofoord1

May, June

anthericumcforliliagofoord
Clump-form

24-36 x 12
(60-90 x 30)

Grey-Green

St. Bernard's Lily is superb when naturalised in grass with a mixture of native and exotic bulbs and perennials. Along with understated narcissus cultivars ('Hawera' is a beautifully simple flower), it will sit well with Camassia cusickii, Allium sphaerocephalon and, for later colour, Liatris spicata.

Aquilegia atrata

Deep Purple, almost black

aquilegiacflo1atratafoord1

June

aquilegiacfor1atratafoord
Mat-form

24 x 12
(60 x 30)

Dark Green
aquilegiacfol1atratafoord

All aquilegia seeds and roots are poisonous.
Excellent mat-form plant between small shrubs. Native in open woodland and rocky places on limestone in Southern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, France and Switzerland.

Aquilegia canadensis

Red and Yellow

aquilegiacflocanadensisfoord1

April, May, June

aquilegiacforcanadensisfoord
Mat-form

36 x 12
(90 x 30)

Pale Green
aquilegiacfolcanadensisfoord

Excellent plant for between small shrubs, in a rock garden and in the Alpine House. Native to Eastern USA on roadside banks and in dappled shade, North America and Canada on rocky outcrops and woodland.
Plant any of the Allium family nearby to ward off aphids.

Aquilegia flabellata
'Kurilensis'

Blue-Purple

aquilegiacflo1flabellatakurilensisfoord1

June

aquilegiacfor1flabellatakurilensisfoord
Mat-form

10-12 x 12 (25-30 x 30)

Dark Green
aquilegiacfol1flabellatakurilensisfoord

Excellent mat-form plant for the rock garden and Alpine House. Companions with Viola, alchemilla mollis, geranium, hemerocallis, paeonia, digitalis, hosta, euphorbia and pulmonaria.

Aquilegia formosa

Red

aquilegiaflo1formosafoord1a

April, May, June, July, August

aquilegiacfolformosafoord1
Clump-form

8-32 x 15 (20-80 x 38)

Blue-Green
aquilegiacfolformosafoord

Excellent clump-form plant for woodland garden, between small shrubs, or by the pond and stream. Requires Moist soil - Don't let the soil dry out since it appreciates stream banks.

Aquilegia vulgaris

Pink, blue-violet or
white through pinks and purple to almost black

aquilegiacflo1vulgarisfoord1

May, June

aquilegiacfor1vulgarisfoord
Clump-form

18-30 x 18-24
(45-75 x 45-60)

Grey-Green
aquilegiacfolvulgarisfoord

Excellent erect clump plant for inserting between roses and small shrubs.
Available as seed from The Seed Site. Usually comes true from seed.

Arenaria balearica

White

arenariabalearicaflot9

April, May, June

4 x 20
(10 x 50)

Dark Green

Good dark green background, but versatile for use in mixed containers, rockeries, borders and paved gardens.

Arenaria tetraquetra

White

May, June

arenariacfortetraquetrafoord

0.5 x 12-15
(1 x 30-45)

Grey-Green
arenariacfoltetraquetrafoord

Dense, hard green mat of tetragonus leaves; many white, stem-less flowers in May. Use as a mat to intergrow with something larger such as dianthus or bulbs.

Arisarum proboscideum

White tubed, Purple striped spathes

arisarumcfloproboscideum

April, May

arisarumcforproboscideumfoord
Mat-form

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Bright Green

Forms a slowly spreading mat of bright green heart-shaped leaves, emerging in spring shortly before the flowers. These are about 3 cm high, with a dark brown spathe, shading to white in the lower half, and with a very long brown tail extending from the top of the spathe

Armeria juniperifolia

Light Pink

armeriacflojuniperifoliafoord

March, April, May

armeriacfor2juniperifoliafoord
Mat-form

2-4 x 4-6
(5-10 x 10-15)

Dark Green
armeriacfolrubifoliakevock

Compact, hardy, evergreen perennial which forms low-growing mats. Ideal for rock gardens, gravel gardens, raised beds, containers and for edging beds. As this plant grows by the sea, it's ideal for coastal gardens. The pretty pink flowers open in late spring and are very attractive to bees, beetles, hoverflies, butterflies and moths.

Armeria juniperifolia 'Bevan's Variety'

Rosy-Pink

armeriacflojuniperifoliabevansvarietyfoord

March, April, May

armeriacforjuniperifoliabevansvarietyfoord
Cushion

2 x 4
(5 x 10)

Grey-Green
armeriacfoljuniperifoliabevansvarietyfoord

Very tight compact green dome with almost sessile pink flowers in profusion in May. A real beauty, ideal for trough, crevice, wall or raised bed. Salt tolerant, it can be planted along coastlines.

Armeria maritima
'Alba'

White
...

armeriamaritimaalbacflo1a

May, June
July, August

armeriacformaritimaalbafoord
Mat-form

6-12 x 12 (15-30 x 30)

Dark Green
armeriacfolmaritimaalbafoord

Ideal for the rock garden, raised bed, scree as an edging plant and alpine house. Cut off flowers and stems immediately after the flowers fade, and they will rebloom. Replace plants after they become loose and straggly. Poke sections of stem into the soil in the spring, where they will root to produce your next plants.

Artemesia pedemontana

Yellow

artemesiacflospedemontanafoord

June, July,
August

artemesiacfor1pedemontanafoord
Cushion

8 x 12
(20 x 30)

Silver
artemesiacfol2pedemontanafoord

The silky wormwood forms a low mound of mink-fur-soft much dissected silver leaves. We grow a patch of it at the edge of a path in our dry climate garden. Whilst it looks delicate it is in fact easy to grow as long as it is given full sun and doesn’t sit in sodden soil for long periods. Silky Wormwood is equally happy in the rock garden as in the border.

Artemisia
stelleriana

Yellow
...

August,
September

artemesiacforstellerianakevock
Mat-form

18-30 x 24 (45-75 x 60)

Greyish-White
artemesiacfol1stellerianakevock

Companions of Ornamental grasses, lilies, allium, aster, sedum and nepeta. Also use with plants that have white flowers.

Asarum caudatum

Purple

asarumcflocaudatumfoord

July, August

asarumsforcaudatumfoord
Clump-form

12 x 4
(30 x 10)

Apple Green
asarumcfol1caudatumfoord

Wild Ginger is a useful ground-cover plant for deep shade, spreading by its roots. It spreads by rhizomes that travel on the surface of the ground or just slightly beneath.

Asperula nitida

Pink

asperulacflo2nitidafoord

July, August

asperulacfornitidafoord
Spreading

4 x 8
(10 x 20)

Light Green
asperulacfol1nitidafoord

Woodruff is a hardy plant which grows horizontally and low to the ground. It requires a medium and well drained soil, preferring semi-shade, sun, and a position in an alpine house, in a container or bedded in gravel or in a raised bed or in a rock garden.

Bergenia 'Autumn Magic '

Mid-Pink

bergeniaautumnmagiccflocoblands

March, April,
May

bergeniaautumnmagiccforcoblands1
Clump-form

12 x 16
(30 x 40)

Mid Green that turns Dark Red in Winter
bergeniaautumnmagiccfolcoblands1

Bergenia is a tough and hardy grower that thrives in just about any position. It can’t be beaten as an evergreen ground cover plant.

Bergenia 'Bressingham White '

Pure White

bergeniabressinghamwhitecflocoblands

March, April

bergeniabressinghamwhitecforcoblands1
Clump-form

18-24 x 26 (45-60 x 65)

Dark Green
bergeniabressinghamwhitecfolcoblands1

Companion plants to Bergenias are Omphalodes, Brunnera macrophylla, Hamamelis, Primula, Helleborus, Ophiopogon and Chaerophyllum.

Bergenia cordifolia

Red

bergeniacordifoliacpflocoblands

March, April

bergeniacordifoliacpforcoblands1
Clump-form

18-24 x 24 (45-60 x 60)

Dark Green, bronze tinged
bergeniacordifoliacpfolcoblands1

Bergenias are good for softening edges of beds, at their best when mass planted. Use with bulbs whose flowers will rise above the leaves.

Bergenia cordifolia 'Purpurea'

Purplish-Red

bergeniacordifoliapurpureacflorvroger

March, April

bergeniacordifoliapurpureacforrvroger1
Clump-form

21 x 24
(52 x 60)

Reddish-Green foliage that turns Purple in Winter
bergeniacordifoliapurpureacfolrvroger1

Leave the dead bergenia leaves on to provide the ground cover and prevent light reaching annual weed seeds to germinate them.. This plant has "bright magenta flowers. Inter-planted with yellow tulips will form an absolutely stunning display in Spring.

Bergenia 'Morning Red '

Bright Carmine-Pink

bergeniamorningredCflocoblands

April, May

centaurea montana form
Clump-form

15 x 15
(38 x 38)

Dark Green
bergeniamorningredcfolcoblands1

How to divide Bergenias.

Further details about Bergenia species from Wikipedia.

Bergenia purpurascens

Purple-Red

bergeniapurpurascensflot9

March, April

bergeniaforpurpurascens1
Clump-form

18 x 12
(45 x 30)

Dark Green in Spring, then Purple foliage in winter.
bergeniafolpurpurascens1

Clump-form form. Harbours snails!!

See Pest Control in Companion Planting to provide plants to ward off snails.

Bergenia 'Silver Light '

White turning Pink with age, Red centre

bergeniasilverlightcflocoblands

April, May

bergeniasilverlightcforcoblands1
Clump-form

12-18 x 26 (30-45 x 65)

Dark Green
bergeniasilverlightcfolcoblands1

Strong grower.

Common names of Elephant's Ears, Pigsqueak, Megasea.

Brachyscome rigidula

Pale mauve, pink, purple-blue or white

brachyscomecflorigidulakevock1a

May, June,
July, August, September

Clump-form

6 x 8
(15 x 20)

Light Green

Tufted to small clump-form plant with erect to ascending stems, that grows as a native plant in well-drained soils at higher elevations in dry pastures of Eastern Australia. Use in rock garden.

Dianthus
erinaceus

Pink

dianthuserinaceusflot9a

June, July,
August
dianthusforterinaceus1a
Cushion

2 x 20
(4 x 50)

Mid-Green
dianthusfolterinaceus1a

Cushion-form form. Sparse production of flowers in cool climates.

Erinus alpinus

Pink, Purple or
White

erinusflotalpinus1

June, July
June, July
erinusfortalpinus1a
Mat-form

3 x 4
(8 x 10)

Dark Green
erinusfoltalpinus1a

Mat-form form. Self-seeds. Ideal for rock garden, a wall, or paving crevices.

Geranium cinereum
'Ballerina'

Purplish-Red

geraniumcinereumballerinaflot9a

June, July
geraniumfortcinereumballerina1
Mat-form

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Grey-Green
geraniumfoltcinereumballerina1

Excellent Rock Garden plant with long flowering season. More information about hardy geraniums can be obtained from Hardy Geraniums for the Garden by the Hardy Plant Society ISBN 0 901687 06 5.

Lavatera
maritima

Pink or
...
...
White

lavateracflomaritima

September, October,
November
September, October,
November

Upright

60 x 36
(150 x 90)

Grey-Green
lavaterafoltmaritima1

Combine with
Aconitum x cammarum 'Bicolor, Buddleja davidii 'Nanho Petite Purple', Cistus x argenteus 'Blushing Peggy Sammons' and Dahlia 'Gerrie Hoek'

Limonium
minutum

Purple

limoniumflotminutum

July

Cushion

4 x 6
(10 x 15)

Dark Green

Use in herbaceous, annual border, trough or rock garden and for naturalizing in a gravel garden.

Phlox subulata
'Temiskaming'

Deep Magenta

phloxflotsubulatatemiskaming2

June, July
phloxfortsubulatatemiskaming1
Cushion

4 x 20
(10 x 50)

Bright Green
phloxfoltsubulatatemiskaming1

Grow in rock garden, alpine house, dry wall, or as edging. Companion plants with Eupatorium, Salvia, Aster, Echinacea, Geranium, Hardy Fuchsia and Aconitum.

Phuopsis
stylosa

Pink

phuopsisflotstylosa

June, July,
August
phuopsisfortstylosa1
Mat-form

6 x 20
(15 x 50)

Pale Green
phuopsisfoltstylosa1

Ground cover on a bank, in a rock garden, or at the front of a border. Slugs in Spring can be a problem, so plant Rosemary, White Hellebore or Wormwood alongside to reduce it.

Prunella
grandiflora

Purple

prunellaflotgrandiflora2

July, August,
September
prunellafortgrandiflora1
Spreading

6 x 36
(15 x 90)

Deep Green
prunellafoltgrandiflora1

Ground cover on a bank, at the front of a border, or in a wild garden, where attract bees and butterflies.

Raoulia
australis

Sulphur-Yellow

raouliaflotaustralis

July, August,
September

Mat-form

0.5 x 12
(1 x 30)

Grey-Silver
raouliafoltaustralis1

Use in a rock garden, raised bed or a scree bed (comes from screes in New Zealand).

Explaination of the 15 Saxifraga Generic Sections is in Saxifraga apiculata

Saxifraga Section 1

Saxifraga Section 2

Saxifraga cymbalaria

Bright Yellow

saxifragaflotcymbalaria

April
saxifragafortcymbalaria1
Cushion

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Bright Green
saxifragafoltcymbalaria1

Use in the border between taller perennials or shrubs to provide the part shade or in a woodland setting and in a rock garden.

Saxifraga Section 3-6

Saxifraga Section 7

Saxifraga apiculata

Yellow

saxifragaflotapiculata

March, April
saxifragafortapiculata1
Cushion

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Lime-encrusted Deep Green
centaurea montana foliage

Companion plants for saxifragas are Ferns, Hosta, Primula, Arisaema, Geranium, Astilbe, Aruncus aethusifolius, Viola cornuta and Hakonechloa.

Saxifraga burseriana

White

saxifragaflotburseriana

March
saxifragafortburseriana1
Cushion

2 x 6
(5 x 15)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltburseriana1

Grow in a Rock Garden, trough, Alpine House or tufa. Mulch round it with grit for drainage.

Saxifraga burseriana
'Gloria'

White

saxifragaflotburserianagloria

March
saxifragafortburserianagloria1
Cushion

2 x 6
(5 x 15)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltburserianagloria1

Growing medium required is Chalk, Sand or in Alpine House in 2 parts John Innes No 1 and 1 part limestone chippings

Saxifraga burseriana
var. major

White

saxifragaflotburserianamajor

March, April
saxifragafortburserianamajor1
Cushion

3 x 6
(8 x 15)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltburserianamajor1

Lime-encrusted, Grey-Green foliage with 5-petalled White flower in March-April on red stems.

Saxifraga burseriana 'Sulphurea'

Yellow

saxifragaburserianasulphureacflot

March
saxifragafortburserianasuplhurea1
Cushion

2 x 6
(5 x 15)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltburserianasuplhurea1

Lime-encrusted, Grey-Green foliage with Yellow 5-petalled flowers in March on short red stems

Saxifraga x irvingii 'Jenkinsiae'

Pale Pink

saxifragaflotirvingiijenkinsiae

March
saxifragafortirvingiijenkinsiae1
Cushion

2 x 8
(6 x 20)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltirvingiijenkinsiae1

Grow in rock garden or trough. Very floriferous.

Saxifraga oppositifolia 'Splendens'

Rich Rose-Purple

saxifragaflotoppositifoliasplendens

April
saxifragacfor1oppositifoliasplendenskevock
Mat-form

2 x 12
(6 x 30)

Dark Green
saxifragafoltoppositifoliasplendens1

Originated in the Pyrenees. Grow in scree or rock garden as a fine garden plant.

Saxifraga Section 8

Saxifraga cochlearis

Red-spotted White

saxifragaflotcochlearis

June
saxifragafortcochlearis1
Cushion

8 x 6
(20 x 15)

Mid Green
saxifragafoltcochlearis1

Use in rock garden, trough, alpine house or tufa. Intolerant of winter wet.

Saxifraga cotyledon

White marked Red

saxifragaflotcotyledon

June, July
saxifragafort1cotyledon1
Cushion

24 x 8
(60 x 20)

Pale Green
saxifragafoltcotyledon1

White marked red 5-petalled flowers in branched and pyramidal groups in June-July. The flowering foliage rosette dies after blooming.

Saxifraga paniculata

Creamy-White

saxifragaflotpaniculata

July
saxifragafortpaniculata1
Mat-form

6 x 10
(15 x 24)

Grey-Green
saxifragafoltpaniculata1

Use in rock garden, trough, alpine house or tufa. Intolerant of winter wet.

Saxifraga
'Southside Seedling'

White, heavily
spotted Red

saxifragaflotsouthsideseedling

May, June
saxifragafortsouthsideseedling1
Mat-form

16 x 8
(40 x 20)

Pale Green
saxifragafoltsouthsideseedling1

Grow in a rock garden partly shaded by higher plants.

Saxifraga Section 9-10

Saxifraga Section 11

Saxifraga x urbium

Pink-flushed White

saxifragaflotxurbium

July
saxifragafortxurbium1
Spreading

12 x indef-inite
(30 x indef-inite)

Mid Green
saxifragafoltxurbium1

Spreading mat form. Use as groundcover in rock garden or border to create a green carpet.

Saxifraga Section 12-14

Saxifraga Section 15

Saxifraga cebennensis

White

saxifragaflotcebennensis

July
saxifragafortcebennensis1
Cushion

12 x 12
(30 x 30)

Dark Green
saxifragafoltcebennensis1

Makes a tight green "mossy" dome for growing in an alpine house or outside on tufa with shade from the midday sun. Seeds profusely.

Saxifraga 'Dubarry'

Crimson

saxifragaflotdubarry

May, June
saxifragafortdubarry1
Cushion

6 x 6
(15 x 15)

Mid Green
saxifragafoltdubarry1

Use in rock garden, trough, alpine house or tufa. Intolerant of winter wet.

Saxifraga exarata

Cream

saxifragaflotexerata

July
saxifragafortexerata1
Cushion

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Mid Green
saxifragafoltexerata1

From the Latin "saxum" (Rock) and "frago" (to break); those growing naturally in rock crevices appear to have broken the rocks.

Saxifraga 'Pixie'

Bright Pink or
White

saxifragaflotpixie

May
saxifragafortpixie1
Cushion

1 x 6
(3 x 15)

Bright Green
saxifragafoltpixie1

Bright Green notched leaves and use in rock garden, trough, alpine house or tufa.

Saxifraga
'Pixie Alba'

Creamy-White

saxifragaflotpixiealba

May
saxifragafortpixiealba1
Cushion

1 x 6
(3 x 15)

Bright Green
saxifragafoltpixiealba1

Use in rock garden, trough, alpine house or tufa. Intolerant of winter wet.

Saxifraga rosacea
var. hartii

White

saxifragaflotrosaceavarhartii

May

12 x 12
(30 x 30)

Light Green
saxifragafoltrosaceavarhartii1

Compact Cushion Form. Native of maritime cliffs of Aranmoor in Northwestern Ireland and a fairly easy grower in a garden bed.

Saxifraga
'Winifred Bevington'

White dotted
with Red

saxifragaflotwinifredbevington

April

2 x 5
(6 x 12)

Dark Green
saxifragafoltwinifredbevington1

A neat little plant with flattish prostrate rosette form with 6 inch high flowering stems.

The explaination of 12 Sedum Generic Sections is in Sedum acre

From the Latin "sedo" (to sit), referring to the manner in which some species attach themselves to stones or walls.

Sedum Section 1

Sedum Section 2

Sedum kamtschaticum

Deep Golden-Yellow

sedumflotkamtschaticum

June, July, August

Mat-form

5 x 12
(12 x 30)

Mid Green
sedumfoltkamtschaticum1

Use on stony slopes in a rock garden with a grit mulch. You can use Sedum yourself or get it erected on evergreen roof gardens.

Sedum Section 3-4

Sedum Section 5

Sedum acre

Bright Yellow

sedumflotacre

July, August,
September
sedumfortacre1
Mat-form

2 x 24
(5 x 60)

Light Green
sedumfoltacre1

Grown in dry grassland, sand-dunes, shingle, walls and rocks.

Sedum hispanicum

White with Pink to Purple veins

sedumflothispanicum

June, July
sedumforthispanicum1
Cushion

4 x 4
(10 x 10)

Dense pinky glaucous-grey, often finely spotted purple
sedumfolthispanicum1

Sedums below 1 foot in height are suitable for the Rock Garden or at the front of the border. Use the remainder in the Autumn Border. Usually very free-flowering.

Sedum rupestre

Yellow with
Red-tipped keels

sedumflotrupestre

July
sedumfortrupestre1
Mat-form

4 x 24
(10 x 60)

Grey-Green
sedumfoltrupestre1

Spreads freely; best in a large rock garden. The Sedum Society provides further data.

Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'

Yellow

sedumflotspathulifoliumcapeblanco

July, August,
September
sedumfortspathulifoliumcapeblanco1
Mat-form

4 x 24
(10 x 60)

Silvery-Green, frequently suffused Purple
sedumfoltspathulifoliumcapeblanco1

Companion Plants for sedums are Dwarf Conifers, Low-growing Ornamental Grasses, Aster, Nepeta ,Penstemon, Salvia, Scabiosa, Heuchera, Carex.

Sedum Section 6-12

Shortia uniflora

Pink

shortiaflotuniflora

April
shortiafortuniflora1
Mat-form

6 x 10
(15 x 24)

Mid-Green
shortiafoltuniflora1

Woodland plants in the wild.
A summary of the genus Shortia.

Silene acaulis

Deep Pink

sileneflotacaulis

July
silenefortacaulis1
Cushion

2 x 12
(5 x 30)

Bright Green
silenefoltacaulis1

Put with Low-growing Ornamental Grasses, short Campanulas, Erigeron, Euphorbia myrsinites, Dianthus deltoides, Iirs germanica and Iris siberica.

Sisyrinchium graminoides

Deep to Light Purple with a Yellow Eye

sisyrinchriumflotgraminoides

June, July, August
sisyrinchriumfortgraminoides1
Clump-form

19 x 6
(48 x 15)

Deep Green
sisyrinchriumfoltgraminoides1

Further details about this plant and its cultural requirements. Grow in herbaceous border.

Stachys macrantha

Pinkish-Purple

stachysflotmacrantha1a

July, August,
September, October
stachysfortmacrantha1
Upright

24 x 12
(60 x 30)

Dark Green
stachysfoltmacrantha1

Grow in mixed shrub/Perennial Border or Herbaceous Border. Attractive to bees and butterflies.

Tradescantia Andersoniana Group

Blue, Purple, Rose-Pink to Rose-Red, or White

tradescantiaflot4andersoniana

May, June, July, August, September
tradescantiafortandersoniana1
Clump-form

24 x 24
(60 x 60)

Mid Green
tradescantiafoltandersoniana1

Grow with Fern, Hosta, Iris foetidissima, Iris siberica, Ligularia, Heuchera, Brunnera and Hemerocallis liliaasphodelus in the Summer Border.

Veronica
pectinata

White-eyed Deep Blue

veronicaflotpectinata

July, August,
September

8 x 8
(20 x 20)

Grey
veronicafoltpectinata1

Use as groundcover. Slugs in early Spring can be a problem, so plant Rosemary, White Hellebore or Wormwood alongside to reduce it.

Veronica
pectinata 'Rosea'

Pink

veronicaflotpectinatarosea

July, August,
September
veronicafortpectinatarosea1
Mat-form

8 x 8
(20 x 20)

Grey
veronicafoltpectinatarosea1

Grow with Miscanthus, Pennisetum, Molinia, Hosta, Primula, Paeonia, Carex, Narcissus, Lathyrus vernus, Phlox paniculata, Aconitum, Aster, Geranium, Stachys and Campanula.

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Ivydene Gardens Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery: Page Title in Table below
EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE in Royal Blue - WILDFLOWER FLOWER SHAPE in Blue - Click on Text link Since there is no point in duplicating tables on pages - 1 for Evergreen Perennials and the other for All Plants in this website, then you can use the relevant Flower Shape table links in the Table further down in second table on the right.
As all the plants shown in the bottom table on the extreme right will have their Flower Shape compared in this Wildflower Shape Gallery as detailed in the above row Flower Colour per month in the Colour Wheel in the Evergreen Perennial Gallery compared in the last table on the right and Plant Use compared in the Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape Gallery as detailed in the row below.
All Plants detailed in the row above; will have their Plant use compared in the EVERGREEN PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE Gallery as shown in Row 2 of Table 4 of this row of Tables.
1/3 of the food we eat is made possible by bees' pollination and in its entire lifetime, 1 bee will produce approximately 1/12 of a teaspoon of honey. Single flowered cultivars (some are marked as 'Single Flowers') are useful to honeybees, but double flowered cultivars are no benefit at all. Bloom type depends on the number of petals for Roses:- • Single blooms are fully opened and almost flat, consisting of 1-7 petals per bloom. Wild roses and single-flowered garden roses yield pollen for honeybees. • Semi-double blooms consist of 8-15 petals in two rows and are of little benefit to honeybees. • Double blooms consist of 16-25 overlapping petals in three or more rows and no benefit to honeybees at all. • Full: 26-40 petals in three or ore rows. No benefit to honeybees • Very full: 40+ petals in three or more rows. No benefit to honeybees. Information about Bee Pollinated Plants is in the Site Map of Evergreen Perennial gallery:- Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers All Bee-Pollinated Flowers per Month, Index
Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 for planting sites for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials. Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant.
Woodland Site	Shady Places Site	Rock Garden in Sun Site. In Shade Site.	Planting on a Sloping Site	Bog Site	Large Perennial Site	Cut Flower Site	Outdoor Room Site
Strip Site	Plans for Beds and Borders Site	Beds Site	Borders Site	Plant Roots only get their nutrients and water by being associated with Mycorrhizal Fungi. Fungi have no access to water, plant dies.			Long Bloomers
White Flower Colour	Blue or Almost Blue Flower Colour	Lavender Flower Colour	Lavender, called Blue Flower Colour	Yellow Flower Colour	Orange Flower Colour	Pink Flower Colour	Red & Scarlet Flower Colour
Maroon Flower Colour	Flowering Stem between 24-48 inches (60-120 cms)	Flowering Stem over 48 inches (120 cms)	Bloom by Season Jan-Feb	Bloom by Season Mar-Apr	Bloom by Season May-Jun	Bloom by Season Jul-Aug	Bloom by Season Sep-Dec
Foliage Blue-Green	Foliage Grey-Green	Foliage Grey	Foliage Varie-gated		Foliage Height 1-7 inches (2.5-17.5 cms)	Foliage Height 8-23 inches (20-57.5 cms)	Foliage Height 24- inches (60 and over cms)
Foliage Bold	Foliage Finely Cut, Delicate or Compound + Finely Cut	Foliage Aromatic		Perennials for Ground Covering in the Full Sun + 1, 2	Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3		Long Lived
Bulbs to Combine with Perennials including Corms	Grasses to Grow with Perennials	Subshrubs to Grow with Perennials	Annuals to Use with Perennials	Herbs for Decoration as well as Culinary		Annuals, Biennials and Perennials to grow Annually	Perennials which Self Sow
Neat Growers - Good for Beds		Perennials which prefer Moisture	Perennials which do best on Margins of Water	Perennials which are Drought Tolerant	Perennials which tolerate Dense Shade	Perennials for Poor Soil, Full Sun	Tough Perennials (or easy Maint-enance)
Alpines without a Garden by Lawrence D. Hills. Published by Faber and Faber Limited in 1953 for cultivation of alpines in pans, troughs and window-boxes, particularly in towns, for gardeners who have only windw-sills or verandas, or flat roof spaces. Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus.
Evergreen Perennial Form	Mat-form	Prostrate or Trailing. Climbing	Cushion or Mound-form	Spreading or Creeping	Clump-form	Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves	Erect or Upright. Arching
Evergreen Perennial Use	Other than Only Green Foliage + 1, 2	Bedding or Mass Planting	Ground-Cover	In Water	Coastal Conditions + Coastal	Speciman Plant	Under-plant
	Indoor House-plant	Grow in an Alpine House	Grow in Hanging Basket + Basket	Grow in Window-box	Grow in Green-house	Fragrant Flowers	Not Fragrant Flowers
	Attracts Butter-flies + Butterfly Usage of Plants	Attracts Bees + 1, 2, 3 and Forage Calendar	Grow in Scree	Grow in a Patio Pot	Grow in an Alpine Trough + Rock Plant	Edging Borders	Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
	Into Native Plant Garden	Naturalize in Grass	Natural-ized Plant Area	Resistant to Wildlife		Early Spring Border Special Garden	Spring Epheme-rals Special Garden
	Summer Border Special Garden	Cottage Garden Special Garden	Late Summer Border Special Garden	Autumn Border Special Garden	Shade Border and Woodland Garden Special Garden	Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden	Meadow Garden Special Garden
Evergreen Perennial in Soil	Chalk + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Clay + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Sand + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Lime-Free (Acid) + A-F, A-F, A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Peat + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	Any + A-F, G-L, M-R, S-Z	+ Evergreen Perennials in Pages in Plants
Peony Use of Peonies in UK Peony Index	Fragrant Flowers	Flower Arrangers Hedge	Growing Tree Peonies in Pots	Front of Border	Rest of Border	Not Green Foliage Rock Garden	Seaside / Coastal Tree