Topic
This Topic Table has moved to the right hand side.

Ivydene Gardens Colour Wheel - Blooms in Month Gallery:
Extra Plants with Brown Blooms in May.

 

Extra Instructions for Pages in this Gallery, where additional plants which are not detailed in the remainder of this website are placed into 1 of the 12 colours in each of the months that they flower. The name of the colour used as background colour and named in the Flower Colour and Foliage Colour cells corresponds to the name of 1 of the 212 colours created for the foliage in the Foliage Colour Wheel Gallery

.

"Soils vary enormously in characteristics, but the size of the particles that make up a soil defines its gardening characteristics:

  • Clay: less than 0.002mm
  • Silt: 0.002-0.05mm
  • Sand: 0.05-2mm
  • Stones: bigger than 2mm in size
  • Chalky soils also contain calcium carbonate or lime

The dominating particle size gives soil its characteristics and because the tiny clay particles have a huge surface area for a given volume of clay they dominate the other particles:

Clay soils have over 25 percent clay. Also known as heavy soils, these are potentially fertile as they hold nutrients bound to the clay minerals in the soil. But they also hold a high proportion of water due to the capillary attraction of the tiny spaces between the numerous clay particles. They drain slowly and take longer to warm up in spring than sandy soils. Clay soils are easily compacted when trodden on while wet and they bake hard in summer, often cracking noticeably.

Sandy soils have high proportion of sand and little clay. Also known as light soils, these soils drain quickly after rain or watering, are easy to cultivate and work. They warm up more quickly in spring than clay soils. But on the downside, they dry out quickly and are low in plant nutrients, which are quickly washed out by rain. Sandy soils are often very acidic.

Silt soils, comprised mainly of intermediate sized particles, are fertile, fairly well drained and hold more moisture than sandy soils, but are easily compacted

Loams are comprised of a mixture of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, well-drained and easily worked. They can be clay-loam or sandy-loam depending on their predominant composition and cultivation characteristics.

Peat soils are mainly organic matter and are usually very fertile and hold much moisture. They are seldom found in gardens.

Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are largely made up of calcium carbonate and are very alkaline." from Royal Horticultural Society.


The Soil Topic provides further details about:-

"Sanders' Encyclopedia of Gardening first appeared in serial form in Amateur Gardening. For 5 years from November 15th 1890 until August 10th 1895 it appeared, until the work was completed. It was then produced as a book. For the first time the gardener was provided with a comprehensive encyclopedia, which not only gave brief descriptions of all the plants he was ever likely to meet but also complete information regarding their cultivation.
In this later edition of Sander's Encyclopedia the individual mixtures have been retained, for it was considered that many gardeners might still wish to use them in certain circumstances rather than the standardised John Innes recommendations." from the foreword of The Gardeners' Golden Treasury incorporating Sanders' Encyclopaedia of Gardening, The Encyclopaedia of Plant Portraits, The Encyclopaedia of Garden Work & Terms - Revised by A.G.L. Hellyer , Editor of Amateur Gardening in 1952 and published in 1960 by W.H. & L. Collingridge Limited.

Using the information in the above book, I am creating

  • 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Colour Wheel Gallery to compare all its plants with that flower colour in the same page(s) and link those plant names to
  • All Plants Index Colour Wheel Gallery which gives that same individual mixture and its other description for each plant, together with links to photos from external sites and mail-order nurseries in UK (Europe), America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

starting in March 2016. Concurrently, I am also

You tend to get busy when retired.

Plant Type is:-

  • A for Aquatic
  • Ba for Bamboo
  • Bu for Bulb
  • Cl for Climber
  • Co for Conifer
  • F for Fern
  • G for Grass
  • H for Herb
  • P for Perrenial
  • Rh for Rhododendron, Azalea, Camellia
  • Ro for Rose
  • Sh for Shrub
  • So for Soft Fruit
  • To for Top Fruit
  • Tr for Tree
  • V for Vegetable
  • W for Wildflower

followed by:-

  • E for Evergreen or
  • D for Deciduous or
  • H for Herbaceous

Plant Name

with links to mail-order suppliers for you to contact to buy this plant

Flower Colour. Background Colour nearest to main petal colour from 212 foliage colours

with link to photo

Flowering Months

in UK

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
1 inch = 2.5 cms

Plant Type / Soil

Foliage Colour. Background Colour nearest to main foliage colour from 212 colours

with link to photo

followed by link to that Foliage Colour Wheel Page to view others which have the same foliage colour with their details in other parts of this website

Festuca glauca
'Blue Fox'

Brown

May, Jun

6-8 x 12-16 (15-20 x 30-40)

P D / Well-drained Loam, Chalk, Sand

Blue Gray


EXTRA Plant INDEX of Extra Plants in Extra Pages of Bloom and Blooms Calendar Galleries.
 

 

Click on a Page Number in a cell below containing your required Flower Petal Colour of a Month to
compare thumbnails of different flowers with that same flower colour in that month.

Click on capital letter of the Alphabet in a cell below to compare extra plants of that colour in that month.

 

Unusual Flower Petals are either
Multi-coloured, Bicolours,
Variegated,
Blends or a different colour to the others.

 

Month

Blue Flower Petals

Brown Flower Petals

Cream Flower Petals

Green Flower Petals

Mauve Flower Petals

Orange Flower Petals

Pink Flower Petals

Purple Flower Petals

Red Flower Petals

Unu-sual Flower Petals

White Flower Petals

Yellow Flower Petals

January

1

1 empty

1 empty A

1 empty

1
A

1 empty

1

1

1

1

1
A

1
A

February

1

1 empty

1
A

1

1
A

1

1

1

1

1

1
A

1
A

March

1

1 empty

1
A

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
A

April

1
A

1

1

1

1

1

1
A

1

1

1

1 2
A

1
A

May

1
A

1
A

1

1

1

1

1
A

1

1

1

1 2
A

1
A

June

1

1
A

1

1

1

1

1 2 3

1

1 2

1 2 3 4 A

1 2 3

1 2
A

July

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 2 3 4

1

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 A

1 2 3

1 2 3
A

August

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 2 3 4

1

1 2 3

1 2 3 4 A

1 2 3

1 2

September

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 2 3

1

1

1 A

1

1

October

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 A

1 A

1

November

1

1

1

1 empty

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 A

1 A
 

December

1

1 empty

1
A

1 empty

1

1 empty

1

1

1

1

1 A

1 A

Bulb and Perennial Height from Text Border

Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)

Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)

Red = 36-72 inches (90-180 cms)

Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)

Shrub Height from Text Border

Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue = 12-36 inches (30-90 cms)

Green = 36-60 inches (90-150 cms)

Red = 60-120 inches (150-300 cms)

Black = 120+ inches (300+ cms)

Tree Height from Text Border

Brown = 0-240 inches (0-600 cms)

Blue = 240 - 480 inches (600- 1200 cms)

Green = 480+ inches (1200+ cms)

Red = Potted

Black = Use in Small Garden

Climber Height from Text Border

 

Blue = 0-36 inches (0-90 cms)

Green = 36-120 inches (90-300 cms)

Red = 120+ inches (300+ cms)

 

Aquatic, Bamboo, Bedding, Conifer, Fern, Grass, Herb, Rhododendron, Rose, Soft Fruit, Top Fruit, Vegetable and Wildflower Height from Text Border

Blue = 0-24 inches (0-60 cms)

Green = 24-72 inches (60-180 cms)

Red = 72+ inches (180+ cms)

 

Plant Soil Moisture from Text Background

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

 

Dry Soil

COLOUR WHEEL - BLOOM IN MONTH GALLERY PAGE MENU
Site Map of pages with content (o)
Website Structure Explanation and User Guidelines

The above Page Menu and User Instructions will normally remain fixed in this position, so that this menu is always available while you scroll the central section of Data for the page.

(o)Page Name
(o) indicates this Gallery Page has comparison photos on it.
Only the Page Name shows that Gallery Comparison page is empty. When you change your page to an empty page then instead of a white background to the title box of that page
(see
Ivydene Gardens Colour Wheel - Bloom in Month Gallery:
Blue Blooms in January
at the top of the Data Table on the left), it will be a green background.

Normally the main Photo Gallery of each plant type:-

  • compares
    • flower colour in each month it flowers thumbnails on separate comparison pages with
    • their plant name, height and width, soil type, soil moisture and sun aspect in their own description box below each thumbnail.

then, each Sub Photo Gallery:-

  • provides the Plant Description Pages of the plants in that plant type and
  • compares the
    • flower colour, flower shape, foliage colour, and form thumbnails on separate comparison pages with
    • their plant name, height and width, soil type, soil moisture and sun aspect in their own description box below each thumbnail.

Gallery Name

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a46a1a

Above background white colour indicates a Main Photo Gallery of the respective Plant Type and/or that it only has 1 Gallery

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a46b1a

Above background tip colour indicates a Sub Photo Gallery of the respective plant type after its Main Photo Gallery

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a46b1a

Above background yellow colour indicates a Sub-Sub Photo Gallery of the respective plant type after its Sub Photo Gallery

Click on centre of Thumbnail to see its Plant Description Page which also has the Index of all the other same type of plants (e.g Bulb is a plant type) within that Gallery in the table on the right. From October 2013 all links from new thumbnails to another page (and thumbnails created between 2006 to September 2013 will gradually be changed to this Map Link system) will be done using Map Links which change the page displayed to the Plant Description Page requested rather than the Link to Link which adds the Plant Description Page to the existing comparison page:-

Mapp-ingThis background Vit C Oranges colour indicates that the process of changing links to using the Map Link system is started on this gallery.
 

Mapp-edThis background Green Just Fun colour indicates that the process of changing links to using Map Link system is completed for this gallery.

 

 


The Comments Row of that Plant Description Page details where that Plant is available for mailorder direct to you from a nursery / retailer.

 

with link to the comparison page in the text below the thumbnail

UpdatingThis background Magenta Shifts indicates that this gallery is being updated.

Update CompletedThis background Green Just Fun indicates that updating this gallery is completed.

Mapp-edAquatic
has 1 plant
 

lyschitonflotamericanussheffieldpark20468a

Yellow Flower

 

 

 

 

 

Mapp-edBamboo
has 9 plants with different cane colours. Bamboo Index with cane colour and foliage colour on each page in the gallery.
pleioblastuscanetvariegatus2a1

Black Cane
fargesiacanetmurieliaesimba1a1

Green Cane
phyllostachyscanetaurea1a1

Yellow Cane

 

 

 

Mapp-edBedding
has 25 plants with Bedding Index of flower colour, flower thumbnail, flowering months, height and spread, foliage colour on each page.
74 plants used in the RHS Mixed Border Beds at Wisley with Mixed Border Beds bedding Plant INDEX page.

salviacflo1patenskavanagh1

1 of 11 Flower Colours - Blue

aquilegiacfloformosafoord1a1

1 of 11 Flower Shapes - Spur

antirrhinumcflolavenderribbonkavanagh1

1 of 9 Use of Bedding - Bedding Out Use

lathyrusflotvernus1a1

2 of 9 Use of Bedding - Pots and Troughs

brachyscomecflorigidulakevock1a1

3 of 9 Use of Bedding - Window Boxes

echinaceacflo1purpurealustrehybridsgarnonswilliams1a1

4 of 9 Use of Bedding - Hanging Basket

Mapp-edBulb
has 720 bulbs, corms or tubers in 1 of 5 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers

crocuscfloschrysanthussaturnusfoord1

January - Unusual

crocuscflochrysanthuszwanenburgbronzegeetee1

February - Yellow

anemonecfloblandavioletstarrvroger1

March - Red, Pink or Purple

anemonecflonemerosaalleniirvroger1

April -
Blue

anemonecfloblandawhitesplendourrvroger1

May -
White

alliumcfloazureumgeetee1

June -
Blue

24 Bulb Index pages from
Index A to Index XYZ with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and width and comments.

gladioluscfloamsterdamrvroger1

July - White

gladioluscflohuronjewelncoe1

August - Red, Pink or Purple

crocuscflocancellatuscancellatusrvroger2

Septem-ber - Blue

gladioluscflogoldfieldrvroger1

October - Yellow

crocuspflo1cambessedanusgarnonswilliams1

November - Unusual

crocuscflocancellatuscancellatusrvroger1a

December - Blue

Mapp-ed...Allium/ Anemone
has 75 alium and 26 anemone plants with 10 flower colours. Allium / Anemone Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and width, comments on each page in the gallery

anemonecflonemerosabracteatarvroger1a1

Bicolour Flowers

alliumcfloobliquumrvroger1

Green Flowers

anemonecfloblandacharmerrvroger1a

Pink Flowers

alliumcflohirtifoliumalbumrvroger1

White Flowers

anemonecfolblandacharmerrvroger1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

alliumpforgiganteumgeetee1

1 of 7 Forms - Clump-forming

Mapp-ed...Autumn
has 43 plants from R.V. Roger Ltd Autumn Bulbs Catalogue with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

mimulusprimuloidesflot1

Yellow Flowers

centaurea montana flower

Blue Flowers

helleborusfoetidusflot9garnonswilliams1

Unusual Colour Flowers

fritillariacfloimperiallis1

Orange Flowers

mitellabrewerifolt1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

campanulataglomeratafort9a

1 of 7 Forms - Clump-forming

Mapp-ed...Colchicum/ Crocus
has 50 colchicum and 72 crocus plants with 8 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, flowering months, height and width, comments on each page in the gallery.

crocuscflovernuspickwickgeetee1a

Bicolour Flowers

crocuscflovernusflowerrecordgeetee1

Purple Flowers

crocuscflohadriaticusindiansummerrvroger1

White Flowers

crocuscflovernusyellowmammothgeetee1

Yellow Flowers

crocuspfolcambessedanusgarnonswilliams1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

colchicumcforlilacbedderrvroger1

Stemless Form

Mapp-ed...Dahlia

has 46 dahlia tubers and others from the RHS Mixed Border Beds at Wisley in the MIXED BORDERS BEDDING gallery with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

dahliacfloextaservroger1

Unusual Colour Flowers

dahliacflohayleyjanervroger1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

dahliapflogardenprincessrvroger1

1 of 3 Dahlia Uses - Bedding

dahliacfloplayablancarvroger1

Clump-forming Form

dahliacflototorvroger1

1 of 13 NDS Class-ification Groups - Anemone-flowered

dahliacfloedinburghrvroger1

1 of 19 ADS Class-
ification Groups -
Formal Decorative

Mapp-ed...Gladiolus
has 209 gladiolii corms with its own 40 flower colours. Index with flower colour, classification code, flowering months, flower thumbnail in 1 of 6 floret diameter columns on each page in the gallery.
gladioluscflopeppinagc1a

Salmon (medium) - 34 Flowers
gladioluscflovelvetmistressnagc1

Black (red) - 58 Flowers
gladioluscfolharvestsunsetnagc1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

gladioluscflogolubojvodopadnagc1

1 of 5 Floret Diameters - Giant

gladioluscflosmallstarnagc1

1 of 7 Flowering Seasons - Very-Early Season

gladioluscfloprinsclausrvroger1

1 of 5 Cultivar Groups -
Nanus

Mapp-edThe 228 gladiolii corms are described in these sub-sub galleries. Index with flower colour, classification code, flowering months, flower thumbnail in 1 of 6 floret diameter column on each page in each sub-sub gallery.

Mapp-ed...Bulb Flower Shape with the

7 as Number of Petals per flower,
23 Simple Flower Shapes and
Elaborated Shapes,
7 Natural Arrangements.

Also:-
7 Bulb Forms,
33 Bulb Uses and
5 Bulb Soils
11 in Gladiolus European A-E Gallery
19 in Gladiolus European F-M Gallery
17 in Gladiolus European N-Z Gallery and
9 in Gladiolus European Non-Classified Gallery for the non-classified gladioli and the Gladioli species
0 in Gladiolus Australian Gallery
2 in Gladiolus Indian Gallery
16 in Gladiolus Lithuanian Gallery

Mapp-ed...Hippeastrum/ Lily

has 0 Hippeastrum and 65 Lilium bulbs with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

lilliumcfloreddutchrvroger1

Bicolour Flowers

lilliumcflomartagonrvroger1

Purple Flowers

lilliumcflolennoxrvroger1

White Flowers

lilliumcflofatamorganarvroger1

Yellow Flowers

lilliumcflonepalenservroger1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

lilliumcflorosellasdreamgeetee1

1 of 10 Lily Divisions - Asiatic Hybrids

Mapp-ed...Late Summer has 92 plants from R.V. Roger Ltd Late Summer Bulbs Catalogue with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

ixiacflohollandsgloirervroger1

Yellow Flowers

lachenaliacflozeyherirvroger1

White Flowers

sparaxiscflometelerkampiaervroger1

Purple Flowers

lachenaliacflonovarvroger1

Green Flowers

ferrariacfolcrisparvroger1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

freesiacforalbarvroger1

1 of 7 Forms - Erect or Upright

Mapp-ed...Narcissus

has 67 bulbs with 6 perianth colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

narcissuscflopapyraceusdeeproot1

January - All Flowers

narcissuscflopeepingtomdeeproot1

February - All Flowers

narcissuscflosurfsidedeeproot1

March -
All Flowers

narcissuscflogoldenbellsbulbocodiumkevock1

April -
All Flowers

narcissuscflobulbocodiumdeeproot1

May -
All Flowers

narcissuscflobellsongdeeproot1

June -
All Flowers

 

Each of the ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages.

Mapp-ed...Flower Shape Gallery provides thumbails of the different flower shapes of bulbs from those ...Bulb Galleries.

narcissuscfloearlysensationdeeproot1

Decemb-er
All Flowers

narcissuscflobroadwaystarrvroger1

White Perianth

narcissuscflobrabazondeeproot1

Yellow Perianth

narcissuscflobravouredeeproot1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

narcissuscflowhiteliondeeproot1

1 of 14 Class-ification Divisions -
4 Double

narcissuscflosunnysideupdeeproot1

1 of 14
Class-
ification Divisions -
11b Split-Corona

Mapp-ed...Spring

has 5 plants from R.V. Roger Ltd Spring Bulbs Catalogue with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

crocosmiacflocrocosmiiflora1

Orange Flowers

oxalisflotadenophylla1

Pink Flowers

oxalisenneaphyllaflot1

White Flowers

oxalischrysanthaflot1

Yellow Flowers

zantedeschiafoltblackeyedbeauty1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Other Colour

oxalischrysanthafort1

1 of 7 Forms - Mat-forming

Mapp-ed...Tulip

has 22 bulbs with 12 flower colours. Index with tulips split into 19 classification divisions, flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

tulipaflotturkestanica1

White Flowers

tulipaflotviolacea1

1 of 3 Flowering Seasons -
Early - March

tulipafloturimiensis1

1 of 3 Flowering Seasons
-
Mid -
April

tulipaflotapeldoorn1

1 of 3 Flowering Seasons
-
Late -
May

tulipafoltapeldoorn1

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

tulipaflotbatalinii1

1 of 19 Class-ification Divisions -
15 - Species

Mapp-ed...Winter

has 3 bulbs from R.V. Roger Ltd Winter Bulbs Catalogue with 10 flower colours. Index with flower colour, flowering months on each page in the gallery.

convallariamajalisalbostriatacflo1a

White Flowers

 

 

 

convallariamajalisalbostriatafolt9a

1 of 2 Foliage Colours - Green

sanguinariafortcanadensisplena1

1 of 7 Forms -
Clump-forming

Mapp-edClimber
has 71 clematis and 58 other climbers in 1 of 7 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers.

clematisbalearicacfloroseland3

January - Other

ercillacflovolubilisroseland1

February - Pink

clematisarmandiicfloroseland1

March - White

clematismacropetalacflot1a

April -
Blue

clematisbarbaradibleycfloroseland1

May -
Red

fremontodendronflotcalifornianglory1

June -
Yellow

Index with flower colour, months of flowering, Climber Type on each page in the gallery.

clematisarabellacfflo1a

July
-
Blue

clematiscflotanguticafoord1a

August
-
Yellow

gloriosacflosuperbaroseland1a

Sept-ember -
Other

campsiscfloradicansroseland1

October
-
Red

clematisbalearicacfloroseland1a

November
-
Other

clematisbalearicacfloroseland2a

December
-
Other

Mapp-ed...Clematis
has 71 clematis in 1 of 7 Flower Colours. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, Climber Type on each page in the gallery.

There are 3 sectors on a house wall or high wall:-

  • 0-36 inches (0-90 cms) in height - The Base.
  • 36-120 inches (90-300 cms) in height - The Prime Site.
  • Above 120 inches (300+ cms) in height - The Higher Reaches.

These 3 Galleries split the climbers into their following Climber Type:-

  • Ramblers / Scramblers - These climbers lean on other plants or need artificial supports to climb - Roses, Jasmine, Espalier-trained Fruit Tree/Fruit Ramblers. These are suitable for house or building walls where vine-eye and wire or 1 inch square timber trellis support structures can be erected.
  • Self-Clingers: Aerial Roots - A series of roots are produced along the length of its stems. These attach themselves very strongly to the surfaces they find - Ivy (Hedera).
    Self-Clingers: Sucker Pads - Tendrils are produced along the young growing stems, opposite the leaves. The main tendril stem divides into a number of slender filaments, each of which has a scarcely perceivable pad at its tip. Once the tips have established contact, the tiny pad is much expanded and becomes a significant sucker, which fits so strongly to the surface that if the stem is pulled away the suckers are left behind - Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
  • Self-Clingers: Twining - Many climbers find support simply by twining their stems around any object they find - Wisteria and Honeysuckle.
    Self-Clingers: Twining Leaf-Stem - Some climbers make do with sensitive leaf stalks which wrap themselves around objects for support - Clematis. Others establish themselves with thorns, hooks, spines and prickles.
    Self-Clingers: Twining Tendrils - A group of climbers climb by producing a series of tendrils. These Self-Clingers are suitable for garden walls, chainlink fences, trellis, pergolas or fedges.

Mapp-ed...Climbers
has 58 other climbers in 1 of 7 Flower Colours. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, Climber Type on each page in the gallery.

Expanded information about Climber Type in the next column is below the Index on each page in each of the 3 climber galleries.

Mapp-edColour Wheels with number of colours
All Flowers 53

has 2147 plants in 1 of 48 Flower Colours with the
Black, Silver, Gray, White 1, White 2 for Cultivated Flowers or White Wildflower for White UK Wildflowers. Index with common name, flower thumbnail and months of flowering.

The Flower Colour Wheel in this Gallery has collections of different types of plant with the same colour from 1 of the 53 colours of flower petal on the same page. You can change the page to its Description Page by clicking:-

  • Botanical Plant Name,
  • or clicking Flowering Months to compare the same flower colour in each month of all in that same type of plant, then clicking the thumbnail to add its Description Page. Each Text Description below each of the Thumbnails in those Comparison Pages gives you the:-
    • soil type it prefers,
    • plant name,
    • sun aspect,
    • soil moisture in the background colour and
    • height of the plant in the border colour of that plant.

Mapp-edColour Wheels with number of colours
All Flowers per Month 12

has 1859 plants, which are:-

  • 1 Aquatic
  • 9 Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Camellias
  • 42 Bedding
  • 729 Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers
  • 111 Climbers
  • 31 Deciduous Shrubs
  • 3 Deciduous Trees
  • 118 Evergreen Perennials
  • 1 Semi-Evergreen Perennial
  • 104 Evergreen Shrubs
  • 1 Evergreen Tree
  • 3 Grasses
  • 3 Herbs
  • 128 Herbaceous Perennials
  • 16 Odds and Sods
  • 324 Roses
  • 235 Wildflowers

in 1 of 12 flower colours in each month that it flowers.

The All Flowers per Month in this Gallery complements the Flower Colour Wheel gallery by having the flower photo in each month of one of the following petal colours that that plant flowers; then you can change the page to its Description Page by clicking on that Thumbnail:-

"Sanders' Encyclopedia of Gardening first appeared in serial form in Amateur Gardening. It was then produced as a book in 1895. For the first time the gardener was provided with a comprehensive encyclopedia, which not only gave brief descriptions of all the plants he was ever likely to meet but also complete information regarding their cultivation.
In this later edition the individual mixtures have been retained, for it was considered that many gardeners might still wish to use them in certain circumstances rather than the standardised John Innes recommendations." from the foreword of The Gardeners' Golden Treasury.
Using the information in the above book, I am creating:-

  • 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Colour Wheel Gallery to compare all its plants with that flower colour in the same page(s) and link those plant names to
  • All Plants Index Colour Wheel Gallery which gives that same individual mixture and its other description for each plant, together with links to photos from external sites and mail-order nurseries in UK (Europe), America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Mapp-edColour Wheels with number of colours
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers per Month 12

has more than 264 plants in 1 of 12 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers. The Bee-pollinated Index Gallery has the corresponding index page to the comparison page in the Bee-pollinated Bloom in Month gallery.

 

For Hay Fever sufferers, it is better to have bee-pollinated plants than wind-pollinated plants, since the pollen spread by that wind is what causes their suffering. The plants in this gallery are bee-pollinated and they should be used in preference to grasses etc.

Besides the plants in the
British Floral Sources of importance to Honey Bees
and
Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers
the following 3 sets of Bee-pollinated plants are suitable for Hay-fever Sufferers; except for the 2 grasses :-

  • This Bee-pollinated Bloom in Month gallery compares 13 flower colour photos per month for many plants from the other Galleries, by clicking on the 1 in the relevant Flower per month Colour in the Colour Wheel,
  • the Bee-pollinated Index Gallery provides the tabular index of another 264 plants with the relevant colour in that respective month:-
    • 51 ANNUALS
    • 2 ANNUAL - VEGETABLE
    • 4 AQUATIC PLANTS
    • 11 BIENNIALS
    • 21 BULBS, CORMS, OR RHIZOMES
    • 4 CLIMBERS
    • 31 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS
    • 26 DECIDUOUS TREES
    • 9 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS
    • 22 EVERGREEN SHRUBS
    • 2 EVERGREEN TREES
    • 2 GRASSES which cause hayfever
    • 4 SEMI-EVERGREEN SHRUBS
    • 66 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
    • 9 PERENNIAL HERBS
      followed by
  • extra bee-pollinated plants in Index in each page of Bee-pollinated Bloom in Month gallery.

Colour Wheels with number of colours
All Foliage 212
 

The All Foliage Gallery (Leaf and Form Foliage Gallery) has collections of different types of plant with the same colour from the 212 colours of mature foliage on the same page to produce the same, complementary or contrasting mature foliage colour lists. Each Text Description below each of the Thumbnails in those Comparison Pages gives you the:-

  • soil type it prefers,
  • plant name,
  • sun aspect,
  • soil moisture in the background colour,
  • plant type,
  • months of flowering and
  • height of the plant in the border colour of that plant.

The All Spring Foliage, All Summer Foliage, All Autumn Foliage and All Winter Foliage will have collections of different types of plant with the same colour in that season from the 212 colours of foliage on the same page where that foliage is a different colour in more than 1 season. The same colours as in the All Foliage Gallery are used in these Galleries. This can produce the same, complementary or contrasting foliage colour in each season lists or juvenile growth season followed by mature season followed by dying to dead annual foliage season lists. Each Text Description below each of the Thumbnails in those Comparison Pages gives you the:-

  • soil type it prefers,
  • plant name,
  • sun aspect,
  • soil moisture in the background colour,
  • plant type,
  • months of flowering and
  • height of the plant in the border colour of that plant.

Colour Wheels with number of colours
All Spring Foliage 212

Colour Wheels with number of colours
All Summer Foliage 212
 

Colour Wheels with number of colours
All Autumn Foliage 212
 

Colour Wheels with number of colours
All Winter Foliage 212
 

I have been taking photos of heathers throughout the year in 2015 to get their change of foliage over the 4 seasons - Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter and will put their foliage photos on these 5 galleries.

Mapp-edColour Wheels with number of colours
Rock Plant Flowers 53

has 82 rock garden plants in 1 of 52 Flower Colours.

FLOWERING IN MONTH
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Small size plant in Flower Colours

Miniature size plant in Flower Colours

Small Size plant flower in Month

Miniature Size plant flower in Month

There are 82 rock garden plants (with photos) suitable for small garden areas; split into:-

  • 2 ALLIUM and ANEMONE Bulbs
  • 3 BULBS - Spring Catalogue. For planting in February/ May
  • 2 BULBS - Late Summer Catalogue. For planting in July/ September
  • 7 BULBS - Autumn Catalogue. For planting in September/ November
  • 2 Bulbs - Winter Catalogue. For planting in November/ March
  • 35 COLCHICUM AND CROCUS BULBS.
  • 0 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS
  • 30 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS
  • 1 EVERGREEN SHRUBS
  • 0 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS
  • 0 ROSES

in this Gallery.
All the remaining rock garden plants detailed in the Rock Garden Plant Index pages A, B , C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, NO, PQ, R, S, T, UVWXYZ in this gallery are waiting to receive photos, before they can be added to the 1 of the 52 Rockgarden Colour Wheel - Flowers Pages and then the above list.

Mapp-ed...Rock Plant Photos

has 35 plants - Rock Garden Plants that do not have Plant Description Pages in this website - in this Gallery:-

  • 15 BULBS, CORMS and TUBERS
  • 4 EVERGREEN SUBSHRUBS
  • 7 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS
  • 2 EVERGREEN SHRUBS
  • 7 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS

I am taking photos of rock garden plants suitable for small gardens and if they do not have their own Plant Description Page in this website, then each photo of each plant will be located at the bottom of the relevant 1 of 52 Rockgarden Flower Colour Wheel pages of the Rock Plant Flowers 53 gallery. Usually a link in *** to that page will be included in the Name field of the respective Index Page.

If there is more than 1 photo for that plant that I wish to display then, this Gallery will have photos of that plant in its page.
This will be linked to from the respective Rock Garden Flower Colour Wheel Page and you can return to that Page by clicking on "Return to Rock Garden Colour Wheel Page" next to its text description for each photo
or
use the Rock Garden Colour Wheel on the right to link to that Colour or 1 of the others.
You could also get to its text row in the relevant Rock Plant Index page using the first letter of its name as the Index Page name to click.

Mapp-edConifer

has 7 conifers in 1 of 7 Flower Colours. Index with height x spread, foliage colour and use on each page in the gallery.
 

 

 

juniperusfortvirginia1

1 of 13 Shapes - Columnar Tree / Shrub Shape

abieskoreanafrut9a

Cone Colour

juniperusfoltrecurvadensa1a

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Green

 

Mapp-edDeciduous Shrub

has 43 deciduous shrubs in 1 of 7 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery

jasminumflotnudiflorum2

January - Yellow

hamamelismollisflot9a

February - Yellow

jasminumflotnudiflorum1a

March - Yellow

chaenomelesjaponicacflot1a

April -
Red, Pink or Purple

cytisusscopariusandreanusflot9a

May - Unusual

paeoniadelavayiflot1

June -
Red, Pink or Purple

 

leycesteriaflotformosa1

July - Unusual

cytisusbattandieriflot9a

August - Yellow

fuchsialadythumbflot9a

September - Red, Pink or Purple

buddlejadavidiiflot9a

October - Red, Pink or Purple

 

 

Mapp-ed...Shrubs - Deciduous

hydrangeaflotvillosa1

Other Colours Flowers

 

paeoniasuffruticosaredtreefort1a

1 of 8 Forms - Erect or Upright

chaenomelesxsuperbashape9a

1 of 13 Shapes - Rounded or Spherical

berberisthunbergiiatropurpureafolt1

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Purple
cotoneasterfruithorizontalis1a

Fruit Colour

Mapp-edDeciduous Tree

has 4 deciduous trees in 1 of 7 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers. Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

betulacflopendula1

April - Unusual

amelanchiercanadensiscflot1b

May - White

fraxinussieboldianaflot9a

June - White

 

 

 

Mapp-ed...Trees - Deciduous

amelanchiercanadensiscflot1a1

White Flowers

robiniafriesiabluecedar1

Garden Pictures -
Robinia friesia 'Blue Cedar'

liriodendronfoltstulipifera1

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Autumn Foliage Colour Change

liriodendronforttulipifera1

1 of 15 Shapes -
Columnar Shape

Mapp-edEvergreen Perennial

has 104 evergreen perennials in 1 of 7 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers.

 

 

anemonecflo1blandafoord1

March - Blue

bergeniamorningredCflocoblands1

April -
Red, Pink or Purple

saxifragaflotsouthsideseedling1

May - Unusual

alyssumflo1montanumfoord1

June -
Yellow

Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour, comments on each page in the gallery.

Alpine Evergreen Perennial if Text Background is Blue in Evergreen Perennial Name Column.

androsacecflomucronifoliafoord1

July - White

agapanthuscfloafricanusbluefoord1

August - Blue

brachyscomecflorigidulakevock1

September - Unusual

stachysflotmacrantha1

October Unusual

lavateracflomaritima1

November - Red, Pink or Purple

 

Mapp-ed...P-Evergreen A-L

has 68 evergreen perennial plants with initial letter of cultivar between A and L.
 

achilleacflochrysocomafoord1a

Yellow Flowers

 

geraniumcineureumballerinafort9a

1 of 9 Forms - Mat-Forming

 

ajugacfolpyramidalisarcticfoxkevock1

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Variegated White with Green

alyssumfrutmontanumflowermay84a

Fruit Colour

Mapp-ed...P-Evergreen M-Z

has 36 evergreen perennial plants with initial letter of cultivar between M and Z.
 

phloxgarsubulatatemiskaming1

Garden Pictures -
Rock Garden Bed. Magenta Cushion form in a rock garden. Phlox subulata 'Temiskaming'

saxifragagarcochlearis1

Garden Pictures -
Saxifraga cochlearis. Alpine Garden Society has more details on Saxifrages.

Mapp-ed...Flower Shape

has 98 evergreen perennial plants

The Daily Telegraph Best Flowers to Grow and Cut by David Joyce (ISBN 0 7112 2366 1) groups plants according to defined characteristics of flower simple shape, elaborated shape, flower details and flower textures. Using that system, this plant gallery has thumbnail pictures in:-

  • Number of Flower Petals
  • Flower Simple Shape, Flower Elaborated Shape and
  • Flower Natural Arrangement Pages

A thumbnail of a plant can be in each of the above 3.

aethionemacfloarmenumfoord1a1a1

1 of 7 Number of Petals -
4

agapanthuscfloalbuskevock1

1 of 12 Flower Simple Shapes and Flower Elaborated Shapes - Simple Shape of Trumpets or Funnels

ajugacfloreptansatropurpurea1a1a

1 of 7 Flower Natural Arrange-ments - Column, Spikes or Spires

Evergreen Shrub

has 46 evergreen shrubs and 74 heathers in 1 of 7 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers.

ericadarleyensiscfloskramersrotedeeproot1

January - Red, Pink or Purple

mahoniaflotjaponica1

February - Yellow

ericacarneacfloiceprincessdeeproot1

March - White

euphorbiacharaciasflot9a

April - Unusual

rosmarinusflotofficinalis1

May -
Blue

cistuspurpureusflot9a

June -
Red, Pink or Purple

Index for the 46 evergreen shrubs with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

Index for the Heathers in the ...Heather Shrub gallery and a different one in the ...Heather Index gallery.

halimiocistuswintonensismerristwoodcreamflot9a

July - Yellow

hibiscussinensisflot9a

August - Red, Pink or Purple

yuccaflotgloriosa1

September - White

hypericumflotmoserianumtricolor1

October - Yellow

daboeciaflotcantabricabicolor1

November - Unusual

abutilonmegapotamicumflot9a

December - Unusual

...Shrubs - Evgr

has 46 evergreen shrubs in 1 of 7 Flower Colours. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery

helianthemhenfieldbrilliantflot9a

Orange Flowers

hypericumfortmoserianumtricolor1

1 of 8 Forms - Arching

lavaterafortrosea1

1 of 15 Shapes - Rounded or Spherical

 

helichrysumsplendidumfolt9a

1 of 13 Foliage Colours -
Grey

dryasfrutoctopetala1

Fruit Colour

Mapp-ed...Heather Shrub has 74 heathers in 1 of 18 Flower Colours. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Ericacarneaannsparkesflo2garnonswilliams1

H7 Rose Pink Flowers

Ericacarneajanuarysunflo2garnonswilliams1

Flowering Season Month - December

Ericaerigenagoldenladyfolsprgarnonswilliams1

1 of 4 Seasons with 1 of 7 Foliage Colours -
Spring - Yellow

...Heather Index

each comparison page in the ...Heather Shrub gallery has its corresponding Index page or pages in this gallery. The detailing includes photos for each of the heathers compared in that comparison page.

1 cultivar detailed from 1 of 37 Species - Daboecia

Daboecia cantabrica
'Alberta White' flowering in
June,
July,
August,
September
with width x spread
12 x 20 (30 x 50)

White flowers, June-September, with bright green foliage. Erect habit and one of the better whites.

Daboeciacantabricaalbertawhiteflostalkkavanagh1

Photo of buds and flowers from
October 2014

Daboeciacantabricaalbertawhitefolsumkavanagh1

Bright Green

Photo from June 2013

......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
 

Heather Description Pages in the following Species:-

  • 0 Andromeda
  • Bruckenthalia changed to Erica spiculifolia
  • 14 Calluna
  • 2 Daboecia
  • 32 Erica: Carnea
  • 7 Erica: Cinerea
  • 59 Erica: Hardy Heaths

Evergreen Tree

has 1 evergreen tree in 1 of 5 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers.

 

 

leptospermumflotscoparium3

June - White

leptospermumflotscoparium1a

July -
White

Saving the Common Yew at St. Margarets Church, Rainham, Kent (the yew involved is on the right of the home page of St. Margarets Church).

...Trees - Evergreen

has 1 evergreen tree in 1 of 7 Flower Colours.

leptospermumflotscoparium2a

White Flowers

 

1 of 15 Shapes

 

leptospermumfoltscoparium1

1 of 14 Foliage Colours - Green

 

Fern

has 16 ferns. Index with foliage colour and Shape/Division, height and spread, on each page in the gallery.

athyriumcfrofilixfemina1

1 of 20 Types of Fern to Grow - Lady Ferns

Ferns for a purpose in the following uses:-

Grass

has 4 grasses in 1 of 7 inflorescence colours. Index with inflorescence colour, months of inflorescence, height x spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

festucaglaucaflot9a

Blue Inflor-escence

 

hakonechloamacraalbovariegatafort9a

1 of 7 Forms - Clump-forming

 

carexpendulafolt9a

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Green

 

Herbaceous Perennial

has 91 herbaceous perennials in 1 of 5 Flower Colours in each month that it flowers.
 

agapanthusafricanuscflokevock1c

January - Blue

agapanthusafricanuscflokevock1a1

February - Blue

 

calthapalustrisalbacflorvroger1

April -
White

papaverorientaleflot1

May -
Red, Pink or Purple

buphthalmumsalicifoliumflot9a

June -
Yellow

Index with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue in Herbaceous Perennial Name Column.

astrantiamajorflot9a

July -
White

asternovibelgiidandycflorvroger1

August - Red, Pink or Purple

kniphofiaflotlittlemaid1

September - Yellow

kniphofiaflottriangularis1

October - Unusual

heleniumautumnaleflot9a

November - Yellow

agapanthusafricanuscflokevock1b1

December - Blue

...P -Herbaceous

has 91 herbaceous perennials in 1 of 7 Flower Colours.

The diascia from Christine Boulby are listed in the Index on each page in the gallery.

alcearoseachatersdoublesalmoncflorvroger1

Pink Flowers

campanulafortgarganica1

1 of 9 Forms - Spread-ing or Creeping

Diascia Photo Album

"I hope these pictures will help you identify the diascia you have.   They are sometimes close-ups, sometimes long shots and most are scanned from photos or slides.   I aim to give a botanical description based on the writings of Hilliard & Burtt and Dr Kim Steiner in time." from Christine Boulby.

hostacrispulafolt9a

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Variegated White with Green

papaverorientalefrut1

Fruit Colour

...RHS Wisley

has 23 herbaceous perennials

These 23 Herbaceous Perennials were in the Other Borders in the garden at Wisley besides the Mixed Borders of the Royal Horticultural Society in 2013. Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

...Flower Shape

has 136 herbaceous perennial plants

The Daily Telegraph Best Flowers to Grow and Cut by David Joyce (ISBN 0 7112 2366 1) groups plants according to defined characteristics of flower simple shape, elaborated shape, flower details and flower textures. Using that system, this plant gallery has thumbnail pictures in:-

  • Number of Flower Petals
  • Flower Simple Shape, Flower Elaborated Shape and
  • Flower Natural Arrangement Pages

A thumbnail of a plant can be in each of the above 3.

astrantiacflo1romagarnonswilliams1

1 of 7 Number of Petals -
6

amiciacfloszygomerisgarnonswilliams1

1 of 12 Flower Simple Shapes and Flower Elaborated Shapes - Elaborated Shape of Hats, Hoods or Helmets

kniphofiaflotroyalstandard1

 

1 of 7 Flower Natural Arrange-ments - Column, Spikes or Spires

Mapp-ed...Peony
has 1 Peony plant. Index with flower thumbnail, height and spread, flower form, flowering season, peony type, peony use, foliage colour of all peonies as detailed by The Peony Society based in the UK on each comparison page in the gallery.

The Index Page details all the Peonies as detailed by The Peony Society based in the UK. There are comparison pages for the:-

  • 9 Different types of Peony,
  • 9 Flower Colours,
  • 6 Flower Forms,
  • 4 Flowering Periods in the UK,
  • 2 Foliage Colours and
  • 8 Uses of Peony ---->

The 8 Uses of Peony:-

Herb

has 3 herbs

Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

Hyssopus officinalis / Hyssop

hyssopusflotofficinalis1a1a

hyssopusfoltofficinalis1a1a

Odds and Sods

has 20 alpine, cut flowers and succulent plants.
 

Index with flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour, foliage thumbnail, plant type on each page in the gallery.

chrysanthemumpenninediggerflot1a1

Sprays from Chry-santhemum 'Pennine Digger' and others are long-lasting as cut-flowers.

General Growing Instruc-tions and other varieties available from Chrysanth-emums Direct.

Mapp-edRhododendron
has 10 plants -
2 azalea, 1 camellia and 7 rhododendrons in 1 of 7 Flower Colours.
Index with flower colour, months of flowering on each page in the gallery.

rhododendronflotmacabeanum1

Yellow Flowers

cazaleafortmacranthapink1

1 of 8 Forms - Mat-forming

rhododendronflotsappho1

1 of 13 Shapes - Rounded or Spherical

 

crhododendronfoltbluepeter1

1 of 15 Foliage Colours - Green

 

Mapp-edRose
has 720 roses in 1 of 7 Flower Colours.
 

There are 3 groups of roses, whose 25 Rose Use Flower Images are compared in Rose Use Gallery and whose 7 Flower Colours and 39 Rose Type Shapes (Classes as adopted by the British National Rose Society) are compared in this gallery:-

  • 343 Rose Description Pages of roses from R.V. Roger Ltd Nursery were inserted into the
    Rose Gallery and the
    Rose Use Gallery in November 2009. It has its Rose Index with links to its Description Page, Flower Colour comparison page and its Rose Use pages in the right hand table of each Description Page in both Galleries with another
    Rose Index with Bloom Photo, Rose Use, link to Description Page, and Height and Width,
  • 82, 37, and 12 Rose Description Pages of roses from Wisley were inserted into the
    RHS Wisley A-F Gallery,
    RHS Wisley G-R Gallery and
    RHS Roses S-Z respective Galleries in May 2013. It has its Rose Index in the Description Page in each of the 3 RHS Wisley Galleries and in the right hand table of each Rose Use page in the Rose Use Gallery with Bloom Photo, Rose Use, links to its Description Page, Height and Width, and
  • 1, 0 and 12 Rose Description Pages of the extra roses currently grown by R.V. Roger Ltd in 2014 in September 2014. It has its Rose Index in the right hand table of each of its Description Pages in
    Other Roses A-F Gallery,
    Other Roses G-R Gallery and
    Other Roses S-Z Gallery with Bloom Photo, Rose Use, links to its Description Page, Height and Width.

rosalittleamycflorogerltd1

rosafryessexwildfireflomidcgarnonswilliams1

rosajanguestcflorogerltd1

rosaenglishgardencflomidgarnonswilliams1

rosalordpenzancecflorogerltd1

rosamasqueradefolt1

rosababybiocflo1a

1 of 25 Rose Uses -
Not Fragrant

Orange Flowers

1 of 39 Rose Shapes- 4 Large-Flowered Hybrid Tea

1 of 6 Rose Bloom Shapes - Pompon

1 of 5 Rose Petal Counts - Single
1-7 Petals

Green Foliage

Rose Hip Colour


 

rosaalbertinegarhedge1a

 

rosacaninadogrosegarhedge1a


 

Garden Pictures

 

Rose Hedge. Rambler rose used to create a hedge. See Peter Beales Roses An illustrated encyclopaedia and grower's handbook of species roses, old roses and modern roses, shrub roses and climbers by Peter Beales ISBN 0-00-272178-3.

 

Native UK Rose Hedge of Rosa canina 'Dog Rose', which is usefull for the wildlife in a woodland or wild garden setting for its hips, and as nesting sites in mixed hedging of hawthorn, blackthorn, fieldmaple and beech.

Soft Fruit

has 5 soft fruit plants. Index has flower colour, flower period, fruit colour, month of picking fruit, height x spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

"Grow Your Own Fruit" by Ken Muir, Honeypot Farm, Weeley Heath, Clacton-On-Sea, Essex. CO16 9BJ Tel: 01255 830181 provides the information on cultural practices in a clear and concise manner. It is strongly recommended that this booklet is read before growing Soft Fruit or Top Fruit, so that correct plants for your soil can be purchased by you and to give you a good fruit yield.
Choosing a soft fruit bush (Blueberry, Gooseberry, Blackcurrant, Redcurrant, Whitecurrant or Jostaberry) instead of a shrub from the shrub lists provides you with the size of shrub suitable for most current gardens. The Raspberry may be used as a mini-hedge in the garden to separate areas or against your boundary fences/walls. The Blackberry, Boysenberry and Tayberry cane climbers can also be used as mini-hedges or to clothe walls/fences/pergolas.
They all provide you with edible fruit.

Mapp-edTop Fruit
has 8 apple trees. Index has fruit thumbnail, acid/sweet, flowering group, month of picking in the UK, apple type on each page in the gallery.

From Chris Murphy writing in the Sunday East Kent Digital Edition of 24/10/2010:-
The Campaign for the Protection of Rural England reports that in the last decade the UK has lost 31% of its apple orchard land; in the last 25 years more than 1/2 our apple orchards have disappeared. Between 1946 and 2003, 92% of orchard land disappeared in Kent county, and from 1999 to 2003, the net loss per year was 1.8%.
Every year Britons consume 680,000 tonnes of apples, but just 1 in 3 apples are British, despite the fact the climate in the UK can support 2,300 varieties.
Common Ground said "Since the 60's, Kent lost 80% of its orchard land. The reason so many have been lost is because the economics haven't been working because so many superstores have been buying the cheapest, and importing them from Chile, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand at the height of our UK season from July to March. Many varieties are suitable for short-term storage, making UK produced apples available for much of the year."
Sally Roger, of the Brogdale Collections in Faversham, said: "Thousands of acres of orchards and many heritage varieties of apples, pears, plums and cherries have disappeared from Kent over the last few decades as shoppers have demanded more perfect looking fruit all year round from supermarkets."

...Cherry

has 1 cherry tree. Index has acid/sweet, flowering group, month of picking in the UK, cherry type on each page in the gallery.
 

...Pear

has 3 pear trees. Index has acid/sweet, flowering group, month of picking in the UK, pear type on each page in the gallery.

Mapp-edWild Flower
has 1115 Wild Flower Plants in the Family Pages using the family pages menus on the right - of which 297 have their own Description Pages linked from those Family pages:-

Poisonous Plants


INDEX LINK TO WILDFLOWER PLANT DESCRIPTION PAGE
a-h
i-p
q-z


Mapp-edFLOWER COLOUR
(o)Blue
(o)Brown
(o)Cream
(o)Green
(o)Mauve
(o)Multi-Coloured
Orange
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
(o)Purple
(o)Red
(o)White1
(o)White2
(o)White3
(o)Yelow1
(o)Yelow2
(o)Shrub or Small Tree

SEED COLOUR
(o)Seed 1
(o)Seed 2

BED PICTURES
(o)Bed

HABITAT TABLES
Flowers in Acid Soil
Flowers in Chalk Soil
Flowers in Marine Soil
Flowers in Neutral Soil
Ferns
Grasses
Rushes
Sedges

Update Completed...Flower Colour Page in gallery,
space, then
Wildflower Habitat List page.
See this list in Wildflower row of the Main Topic table on the right
...Blue Site Map
...Brown
...Cream
...Green
...Mauve
...Multi-Cols
...Orange
...Pink A-G
...Pink H-Z
...Purple
...Red
...White A-D
...White E-P
...White Q-Z
...Yellow A-G
...Yellow H-Z
...Shrub/Tree
INDEX of all Wildflowers with that Flower Colour in that Flower Colour Page

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 1


(o)Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
(o)Arrow-Grass
(o)Arum
(o)Balsam
Bamboo
(o)Barberry
(o)Bedstraw
(o)Beech
(o)Bellflower
(o)Bindweed
(o)Birch
(o)Birds-Nest
(o)Birthwort
(o)Bogbean
(o)Bog Myrtle
(o)Borage
(o)Box
(o)Broomrape
(o)Buckthorn
(o)Buddleia
(o)Bur-reed
(o)Buttercup
(o)Butterwort
(o)Cornel (Dogwood)
(o)Crowberry
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
(o)Daffodil
(o)Daisy
(o)Daisy Cudweeds
(o)Daisy Chamomiles
(o)Daisy Thistle
(o)Daisy Catsears (o)Daisy Hawkweeds
(o)Daisy Hawksbeards
(o)Daphne
(o)Diapensia
(o)Dock Bistorts
(o)Dock Sorrels

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 2


(o)Clubmoss
(o)Duckweed
(o)Eel-Grass
(o)Elm
(o)Filmy Fern
(o)Horsetail
(o)Polypody
Quillwort
(o)Royal Fern
(o)Figwort - Mulleins
(o)Figwort - Speedwells
(o)Flax
(o)Flowering-Rush
(o)Frog-bit
(o)Fumitory
(o)Gentian
(o)Geranium
(o)Glassworts
(o)Gooseberry
(o)Goosefoot
(o)Grass 1
(o)Grass 2
(o)Grass 3
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 1
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 2
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 3 (o)Hazel
(o)Heath
(o)Hemp
(o)Herb-Paris
(o)Holly
(o)Honeysuckle
(o)Horned-Pondweed
(o)Hornwort
(o)Iris
(o)Ivy
(o)Jacobs Ladder
(o)Lily
(o)Lily Garlic
(o)Lime
(o)Lobelia
(o)Loosestrife
(o)Mallow
(o)Maple
(o)Mares-tail
(o)Marsh Pennywort
(o)Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
 

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 3


(o)Mesem-bryanthemum
(o)Mignonette
(o)Milkwort
(o)Mistletoe
(o)Moschatel
Naiad
(o)Nettle
(o)Nightshade
(o)Oleaster
(o)Olive
(o)Orchid 1
(o)Orchid 2
(o)Orchid 3
(o)Orchid 4
(o)Parnassus-Grass
(o)Peaflower
(o)Peaflower Clover 1
(o)Peaflower Clover 2
(o)Peaflower Clover 3
(o)Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
(o)Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
Pipewort
(o)Pitcher-Plant
(o)Plantain
(o)Pondweed
(o)Poppy
(o)Primrose
(o)Purslane
Rannock Rush
(o)Reedmace
(o)Rockrose
(o)Rose 1
(o)Rose 2
(o)Rose 3
(o)Rose 4
(o)Rush
(o)Rush Woodrushes
(o)Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
(o)Sandalwood
(o)Saxifrage
 

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 4


Seaheath
(o)Sea Lavender
(o)Sedge Rush-like
(o)Sedges Carex 1
(o)Sedges Carex 2
(o)Sedges Carex 3
(o)Sedges Carex 4
(o)Spindle-Tree
(o)Spurge
(o)Stonecrop
(o)Sundew
(o)Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
(o)Teasel
(o)Thyme 1
(o)Thyme 2
(o)Umbellifer 1
(o)Umbellifer 2
(o)Valerian
(o)Verbena
(o)Violet
(o)Water Fern
(o)Waterlily
(o)Water Milfoil
(o)Water Plantain
(o)Water Starwort
Waterwort
(o)Willow
(o)Willow-Herb
(o)Wintergreen
(o)Wood-Sorrel
(o)Yam
(o)Yew

 

See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website.

 

Current Wildflower Common Name Index link Table for more wildflower of the UK common names together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden - After clicking on the WILD FLOWER Common Name INDEX link to Wildflower Family Page; locate that Common name on that Wildflower Family Page, then
Click on Underlined Text in:-
Common Name to view that Plant Description Page
Botanical Name to link to Plant or Seed Supplier
Flowering Months to view photos
Habitat to view further Natural Habitat details and Botanical Society of the British Isles Distribution Map -,
and
Current Wildflower Botanical Name Index link table for wildflower of the United Kingdom (Great Britain) botanical names;

are being replaced by

Update CompletedCommon Names and Botanical Names galleries. Each data row in these 2 galleries describes a Wildflower, using its information from its Family Page and other data including photos and which countries in Europe (it is native, introduced or absent from). It is stated native if so in Russia, states in North America , Canada and China.

Vegetable

has 8 vegetable plants. Index has
vegetable type,
4-year rotation,
foliage colour thumbnail, food colour thumbnail, good companions,
bad companions
on each page in the gallery.

Incredible Vegetables from Self-Watering Containers by Edward C. Smith (ISBN -13: 978-1-58017-556-2 or ISBN-10: 1-58017-556-2). Ed Smith has chosen, planted, tested and tasted dozens of vegetables in every type of self-watering container and shows you how to grow the best vegetables ever in your own garden.
or
There are 91,500 people in the UK who are waiting for an allottment in June 2010. That is up from 76,330 in June 2009. And the popular grow-your-own trend, accelerated by the recession and rising price of food, shows no sign of calming down.
or
Use Gertrud Franck's Vegetable Garden Layout with Companion Planting in your own garden or allotment (Companion Planting: Successful Gardening the Organic Way by Gertrud Franck)

Mapp-edButterfly
This gallery contains most of the 68 Butterflies (started in June 2008) of the United Kingdom. The relationship between the Wildlife and the Plants they eat or use in their lifespan, the Habitats they live in and who eats them is shown. There are these Comparison Pages for identification purposes:-

Caterpillar Colour
With Long Hairs
Curiously Shaped
(o)Green
Grey / Brown
(o)Orange
(o)Spiny
(o)White
(o)Yellow

Butterfly Identity
(o)Aristocrats
(o)Blue, Hairstreaks and Copper
Browns
(o)Fritillaries
Monarch
(o)Skippers
(o)Swallowtail
(o)Whites/Yellows

Part 1 of Index on every page in the gallery:-

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis

Plant Name

Alder Buckthorn

Butterfly Name

Brim-stone

brimstonetcaterpillar1

Egg/ Caterpillar
/
Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Plant Usage

 


1 egg
under leaf.

Eats leaves.


---

Plant Usage Months

 


10 days in May-June

28 days.


12 days.

 

Part 2 of Index on every page in the gallery:-

Butterfly with its Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis use these plants.

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Cater-pillar/ Chrysalis
/ Butterfly

Plant Name

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

 

Adonis Blue

adonisbluemaletfly1
male
 

Egg

Horseshoe vetch

1 egg under leaf.

1

 

Why does a website on plants have a gallery about butterflies? Man is not the only animal on earth - we need food like fruit and vegetables - if some of which are pollinated by bees were not; man would starve. Butterflies are also part of wildlife and they depend on plants throughout the entire year. Most of these plants that egg, caterpillar, chrysalis and butterfly use are within the undergrowth. Undergrowth is under trees and shrubs and performs similiar functions for the wildlife as roads, railways, shops, houses, pubs and restaurants do for skyscrapers. Please leave an area in your garden, which is undisturbed and where wildlife can set up and be able to get to the next garden with a small indentation in the ground below your boundary fence/wall.

The following is part of the article at the bottom of my Mission Statement page:-
"Cobtree Manor Park is where I and my friend used to take her dog for a 2 hour walk every week in 6 acres of grassland of the 50 acres of trees/shrubs.
It is noted that notices in the park have been requesting members of the untrained public to assist in pruning and clearing in the park. This they have done under the supervision of the staff; to the extent that most of the undergrowth under the trees has been cleared allowing the wind to blow straight through and the loud noise of the motorway to reach the other end of the park. We can now see the Industrial Estate of Aylesford, which we could not before.
We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas. Hopefully the remaining rabbits might be housetrained to mow the grass in rows!"

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

Ivydene
Horticultural
Services
If you know the name of the plant you wish to see, you can ask Google and get information; otherwise for the public this website may help you choose your plants using foliage, shape and seed/fruit as well as flower photos before you buy them mailorder directly from the nursery / seed company that has donated the use of their photos!

With free advertising of their plants, I am asking for photos from the public / nurseries / seed companies / suppliers in the UK, or any other country in the European Union, who would supply plants / seeds mailorder direct to the public in the UK and/or the rest of the world. This also applies to American nurseries for America, Chinese Nurseries for China, etc since the plants from most other countries in the world can also be grown in the UK as well as their own country; providing the appropriate growing conditions are stated.


Site design and content copyright ©February 2011 Chris Garnons-Williams. Page structure amended September 2012. Tabular plant data added December 2012. Menus amended July 2015 and November 2015.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

FREEWAY PRO 5.5 is the version of FREEWAY that will be used from October 2013, without updating to version 6 of FREEWAY or later versions. When I republished my folders using FREEWAY 6 some of the folders did not publish at all and others it changed the layout structure of my 3 tables from a horizontal plane to placing them in a vertical plane down the page.

I spent between September 2012 and March 2013 rewriting the complete site to change it from 800 pixels wide to 1200 pixels wide with 3 tables in a horizontal plane and usually an index of a topic in the right hand table on every page of each respective gallery or topic to make it more user-friendly.

I have advised FREEWAY of the problem at the beginning of October 2013.

I find that Tables are very strong and allow users with different display sizes to display the same information without data within a cell being able to break out of that cell. Also it means that if an individual for their own use wishes to re-sort the data within the middle table for their own private use, it can be downloaded to WORD, PAGES etc and that can be done. This process can be done by anyone with any computer for their own educational use with tabular data, but they might find it more difficult to do if my pages were entirely CSS generated or generated from a database.

Remember that this miniscule site is for educating not for commercial purposes!!

 

Extra Instructions for Pages in this Gallery, where additional plants which are not detailed in the remainder of this website are placed into 1 of the 12 colours in each of the months that they flower. The name of the colour used as background colour and named in the Flower Colour and Foliage Colour cells corresponds to the name of 1 of the 212 colours created for the foliage in the Foliage Colour Wheel Gallery

.

Plant Type is:-

  • A for Aquatic
  • Ba for Bamboo
  • Bu for Bulb
  • Cl for Climber
  • Co for Conifer
  • F for Fern
  • G for Grass
  • H for Herb
  • P for Perrenial
  • Rh for Rhododendron, Azalea, Camellia
  • Ro for Rose
  • Sh for Shrub
  • So for Soft Fruit
  • To for Top Fruit
  • Tr for Tree
  • V for Vegetable
  • W for Wildflower

followed by:-

  • E for Evergreen or
  • D for Deciduous or
  • H for Herbaceous

"Soils vary enormously in characteristics, but the size of the particles that make up a soil defines its gardening characteristics:

  • Clay: less than 0.002mm
  • Silt: 0.002-0.05mm
  • Sand: 0.05-2mm
  • Stones: bigger than 2mm in size
  • Chalky soils also contain calcium carbonate or lime

The dominating particle size gives soil its characteristics and because the tiny clay particles have a huge surface area for a given volume of clay they dominate the other particles:

Clay soils have over 25 percent clay. Also known as heavy soils, these are potentially fertile as they hold nutrients bound to the clay minerals in the soil. But they also hold a high proportion of water due to the capillary attraction of the tiny spaces between the numerous clay particles. They drain slowly and take longer to warm up in spring than sandy soils. Clay soils are easily compacted when trodden on while wet and they bake hard in summer, often cracking noticeably.

Sandy soils have high proportion of sand and little clay. Also known as light soils, these soils drain quickly after rain or watering, are easy to cultivate and work. They warm up more quickly in spring than clay soils. But on the downside, they dry out quickly and are low in plant nutrients, which are quickly washed out by rain. Sandy soils are often very acidic.

Silt soils, comprised mainly of intermediate sized particles, are fertile, fairly well drained and hold more moisture than sandy soils, but are easily compacted

Loams are comprised of a mixture of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, well-drained and easily worked. They can be clay-loam or sandy-loam depending on their predominant composition and cultivation characteristics.

Peat soils are mainly organic matter and are usually very fertile and hold much moisture. They are seldom found in gardens.

Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are largely made up of calcium carbonate and are very alkaline." from Royal Horticultural Society.


The Soil Topic provides further details about:-

.

Plant Name

with links to mail-order suppliers

Flower Colour. Background Colour nearest to main petal colour from 212 foliage colours

with link to photo from external website
or
if photo available and inserted below, then links to following pages in Bedding Plant Gallery:-

  • Flower Colour
  • Number of Petals
  • Flower Simple Shape or
    Flower Elaborated Shape
  • Bedding Plant Use

so this plant can be compared to others.

Flowering Months

in UK

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
1 inch = 2.5 cms

Plant Type / Soil

Foliage Colour. Background Colour nearest to main foliage colour from 212 colours

with link to photo

followed by link to that Foliage Colour Wheel Page to view others which have the same foliage colour with their details in other parts of this website

 

 

 

 

 

 

Main Topics

Website Design History
When the site was started, it was one document with Garden Design, Garden Maintenance and Garden Construction sections. As the other sections on Case Studies, Companion Planting, Glossary, Library, Offbeat Glossary, Plants, Soil, Tool Shed and Useful Data were added, the document became too big, so each was split off the Home section to become separate documents. Every Page with the Main Topic Box on it can link to the Site Map Page of every other document stated in that menu.

Plant Photographic Galleries
The Plant Photographic Galleries were started in the summer of 2007 to support the groundcover plants described in the Plants section with a plant gallery. Having put 150 plants into the Plant Gallery, I soon ran out of space in memory. The Plant Gallery (renamed Odds and Sods Gallery) was then split up into the Plant Photographic Galleries - as shown in the table on the right.

Case Studies

case3drivepicture7a

Case 3 - The completed drive in June of the following year.

These follow the progress of part or all of a private garden from design to completion.

Design Cases
When designing a garden, it is vital to know who and for how long the resulting designed and landscaped garden is going to be maintained by. The book 'The One Hour Garden' describes what maintenance work can be done in the time that you have allotted; and therefore what besides a lawn, you can have in your garden. My redesign and construction work - build new garage as shown in Case 2a - to be done on my 3 gardens - as shown by Case 2 and Case 2b - must be to reduce the maintenance time required to the time I have available. If the gardens are first weeded, pruned, mulched, mown and bare earth converted to lawns using grass seed, then construction can take place in the future - as free time allows during a week or fortnight after the maintenance has been done.
In Case 4, the combination of the Structural and Planting Designs would create a garden that I would be able to maintain in one day a fortnight. I would install a 3" deep mulch in the spring on the beds, so that I can prune the shrubs/trees and hoe the odd weed; whilst the father mows the lawns, the mother tends the vegetable garden and their teenage daughters play football!!
The children in Case 5 loved to look at creepy-crawlies and wildlife, so that together with low-cost the design for different areas in a terrace house garden was created.

Construction Cases
Case 3 is building a drive on clay and it is important to get the part you will not see - the foundations - done correctly.
Case 8 is creating a pond with its pitfalls for foundations.

Maintenance Cases
If you are asking someone to maintain your garden, then do provide the complete picture. If as in Case 1, you intend to sell the property, then look at this - as not a maintenance but as a selling job - and get that job done instead.
Case 6 is creating a vegetable garden in a back garden during the maintenance program of one day a fortnight to maintain it and the remainder of the back and front gardens. This was done over 7 years using a crop rotation system
Concrete ponds are likely to crack open due to movement in the ground levels due to being in clay or vibration caused by road traffic if it is fairly close. Case 7 shows no planting shelves for the pond plants.

Companion Planting

Companion Plant columns on each Companion Plant page below:-
Original Plant
Pest/Disease
Companion Plant
Antagonistic Plant or to Pest/-Disease

Companion Plant A
Companion Plant B
Companion Plant C
Companion Plant D
Companion Plant E
Companion Plant F
Companion Plant G
Companion Plant H
Companion Plant I
Companion Plant J
Companion Plant K
Companion Plant L
Companion Plant M
Companion Plant N
Companion Plant O
Companion Plant P
Companion Plant Q
Companion Plant R
Companion Plant S
Companion Plant T
Companion Plant UV
Companion Plant W
Companion Plant XYZ

Pest Control

Pest Control
 

Plant

Climate Zone

Repels

Catnip (Nepeta cataria)

3-10

Ant

Lavender (Lavand-ula)

5-10

Aphid

Mint (Mentha)

3-7

Cabbage White Butterfly

Allium

8-10

Carrot Fly

Common Rue (Ruta grave-olens)

5-9

Cat

Rosemary (Rose-marinus offin-alis)

6-11

Slug

The name given to the system of using one plant to help another is Companion Planting, i.e garlic planted with roses deter greenfly rather than using pesticides to kill them.

Garden Construction

Having got everything agreed on paper or the PC for the detailed design, the exciting part of construction begins.
Remember to do the Hard Landscaping followed by Soft Landscaping with soil conditioning, planting, irrigation, mulching and then finally the Lawn; not lay the Lawn first.

Work schedule for hard and soft landscaping

Garden Maintenance

"There are dozens of books on the market which tell you how to do your garden.....

This book - 2 Hour Garden by Alexander Dingwall Main and Ian Dougill, edited by Roger Grounds. Times Newspapers Limited 1976 published by Ward Lock Limited - is completely different. It's basic assumption is that gardening should be fun. And it faces the real problems of first-time gardeners. Like that they have other things to do besides gardening. So it is paced very carefully. For an average of about 2 hours work a week and a minimal financial expenditure, you should be able to transform your garden from a wilderness to a wonderland in about 12 months."

or

So you want to improve your garden:-
First, produce a Site Plan with the
Hard Landscape Plan drawing, followed by the
Soft Landscape Plan and Moveable Items drawings, Then,
Create a Plant Maintenance Plan before weeding / pruning / mulching.

Simplest maintenance:

  • Weed your flower bed, donate weeds to UK council.
  • Then prune your shrubs/ hedge/ perennials and lay thin prunings on lawn (shrub/tree prunings no thicker than little finger onto lawn, remainder donated to UK council) from that weeded flower bed.
  • Mow lawn with rotary mower and cover weeded flower bed with 0.5 inch depth of grass/shreddings mowings. Fallen leaves in Autumn can be included in this mow lawn by cutting at highest grass cutting height first, then cutting the lawn at the normal height.
  • Leave for 2 weeks, then repeat from "Weed your flower bed" onto next section of bed to be weeded.

Glossary

Glossary A
Glossary B
Glossary C
Glossary D
Glossary E
Glossary F
Glossary G
Glossary H
Glossary I
Glossary J
Glossary K
Glossary L
Glossary M
Glossary N
Glossary O
Glossary P
Glossary Q
Glossary R
Glossary S
Glossary T
Glossary U
Glossary V
Glossary W
Glossary XYZ

Glossary L

Laced
Lamina
Lateral
Layer planting
Layering
Leaching
Leader
Leaf
Leaf mould
Leaflet
Legume
Light
Lime
Line out
Lithophyte
Loam
Lopper
Lute

Layering A method of propagation by which a shoot is induced to root while attached to the parent plant. The basic form is self layering, which occurs naturally in some plants. Methods include: air layering (also known as Chinese layering or marcottage), French layering, mound layering, serpentine layering, simple layering, stooling, tip layering and trench layering.

Leaching The loss from the top soil of soluble nutrients by downward drainage.

Leader 1) The main, usually central, stem of a plant. 2) The terminal shoot of a main branch.

Leaf A plant organ, variable in shape and colour but often flattened and green, borne on the stem, that performs of the functions of photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

Leaf mould Fibrous, flaky material derived from decomposed leaves, used as an ingredient in potting media and as a soil improver.

Underlined words in the main content may be defined in the Glossary and in the right hand column of that page.

Library

Each entry in this Library, where possible, has an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) to assist you in locating a copy. Please note that entries in the library pages in red text indicate books that Chris Garnons-Williams has found to be more useful than the others in that section from 1991 to 2012.

In order to assist the design process for a garden, the Library has been split into the following order of abstraction ---->

  • The Garden Style chosen at the beginning defines what a garden should look like.
  • Following this choice of Garden Style, then:-
  • Plant Association shows which plant combinations give pleasing flower or foliage colour combinations, then
  • Plant Types gives growing conditions of a family of plants - ie Primulas - with lists of primulas with the same flower colour, foliage colour or height and where is suitable for those plants, followed by
  • Plant Species gives data about a family of plants in a restricted format - ie without lists - as the lowest level of useful information (unless you are prepared to read the text in a whole book each time you want to use this particular species of plant).
  • Gardening gives general information on how to garden for the whole garden.
  • Garden Cultivation gives specific information on veg, fruit, lawn, pond, etc.
  • Garden Pests details garden pests/diseases and their control.
  • Practical Projects gives details on how to construct hard landscaping.

Library Category

Definition

Garden Style

The overall style of the garden — Cottage, Japanese, Feng-Shui, etc.

Garden Design

gives design methodologies to follow for the Garden Style chosen.

Garden Planting Design

gives planting design ideas for the beds of the overall garden design chosen above.

Location of Plants

shows which plants should be grouped together for its soil, shade, colour for the garden style chosen.

Plant Association

shows which plant combinations give a pleasing colour combination or foliage contrast.

Plant Types
 

gives growing conditions of a particular family of plants, i.e. Primulas, with lists of where suitable.

Plant Species

gives data about a particular family of plants in restricted format.

 

 

Gardening

gives general information on how to garden for the whole garden.

Garden Cultivation

gives specific data about growing vegetables in a kitchen garden, or fruit in an orchard, or lawns, ponds etc.

Propagation
 

gives details on how to propagate new plants from seed, division or grafting.

Garden Pests

includes information on garden pests and diseases with their control.

Garden Tips

gives tips on different parts of gardening

 

 

Practical Projects

gives details on how to construct hard landscaping.

Wildlife

gives details concerning wildlife that could be found in gardens, their lifestyle and how to encourage them to your garden.

 

 

Reference Library

contains some detailed reference material that may contain British Standards for construction.

Miscellaneous

contains books that don’t fit in any of the other categories.

 

 

Health

gives data on how to look after one’s own health.

Offbeat Glossary A
Accumulator plants
Allelochemics
Allium
Auxins

Offbeat Glossary B
Bay
Bromeliad

DuLally Bird - Do you know where his wife is?

Offbeat Glossary C
Catch Crop
Compost
Cover crop
Crop Rotation

Offbeat Glossary DE
Diatom-aceous Earth.
Plants least favoured by Deer.

Offbeat Glossary F
French Intensive Gardening

Offbeat Glossary G
Green Manure

Offbeat Glossary HILM
Herbal Lawn
Hiving a new swarm
Intercropping
Ladybirds
Microclimate
Monoculture

Offbeat Glossary NO
Nitrogen-fixing plants
Nitrogen-fixing trees

Offbeat Glossary P
Pinching back
Poisonous Plants

Offbeat Glossary QRST
Rabbits.
Raised bed
Shade.
Succession planting.
Two-level companion planting.
Two-season planting.

Offbeat Glossary U
U-Gardens

Offbeat Glossary V
Veganic.
Vertical gardening.

Offbeat Glossary WXYZ
Weeds

Soil

SOIL FORMATION - WHAT IS SOIL STRUCTURE

This describes the way in which sand, silt and clay particles are bonded together in larger units called ‘aggregates’. Before microaggregates can form, microscopic clay minerals need to be grouped together in small stacks called ‘domains’. When clays are bonded together in this way, they are termed ‘flocculated’. For example, calcium (Ca2+) in lime or chalk, Magnesium (Mg2+) and aluminium (Al3+) are 3 very common ions in soils. Ions with multiple charges allow clay minerals to bond together to form domains. Once clay minerals are stacked together to form domains, they can then bond with organic matter to form microaggregates.
The interaction between clay domains, organic matter, silt and sand particles diagram.

soil15c9

Above diagram shows importance of having all 3 items in the Soil Textural Triangle of Clay, Silt and Sand.
 

Soil Introduction -
Organic Matter in Soil
Physical Changes in Soil
Chemical Changes in Soil
How Soil is created
How Clay is created
How is Humus made
How is Soil Material Lost
What is Soil Texture

WHAT IS SOIL STRUCTURE

How does Water act in Soil
How Chemicals stored in Soil

WHAT ARE SOIL NUTRIENTS

WHAT SOIL ORGANISMS

How microbes use nutrients
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle

ACTION PLAN FOR YOU

SOIL SUBSIDENCE
SUBSIDENCE DUE TO CLAY

Case 1 Clay on Sand

WHAT TO DO ABOUT SUBSIDENCE DUE TO CLAY

Subsidence is described as “ a movement involved in the site, normally downwards, so that damage occurs to the building standing upon it”.

Some 150,000 homes in the UK Southeast have suffered from subsidence between 1980 and 1995 - Removal of trees from a clay soil just prior to construction could cause heave (caused by the rehydration and swelling of a clay soil from rainfall) of the soil after building construction.

A minor point to remember: when you are sold a property; you are then responsible if it fails. Before you buy another building, please take account of the future possible causes of its subsidence, as well as any of the other causes of subsidence detailed in this page.
The Case 1 Clay on Sand page shows the damage created by a builder who had run out of topsoil and then used blue clay instead.

WHAT TYPES OF ORGANISM ARE FOUND IN THE SOIL

Most gardeners think of plants as only taking up nutrients through root systems and feeding the leaves. Few realize that a great deal of energy that results from photosynthesis in the leaves is actually used by plants to produce chemicals they secrete through their roots. These secretions are known as exudates. A good analogy is perspiration, a human's exudate.

Root exudates are in the form of carbohydrates (including sugars) and proteins. Amazingly, their presence wakes up, attracts, and grows specific beneficial bacteria and fungi living in the soil that subsist on these exudates and the cellular material sloughed off as the plant's root tips grow. All this secretion of exudates and sloughing off of cells takes place in the rhizosphere, a zone immediately round the roots, extending out about a tenth of an inch, or a couple of millimetres. The rhizosphere, which can look like a jelly or jam under the electron microscope, contains a constantly changing mix of soil organisms, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa, and even larger organisms. All this "life" competes for the exudates in the rhizosphere, or its water or mineral content.

At the bottom of the soil food web are bacteria and fungi, which are attracted to and consume plant root exudates. In turn, they attract and are eaten by bigger microbes, specifically nematodes and protozoa who eat bacteria and fungi (primarily for carbon) to fuel their metabolic functions. Anything they don't need is excreted as wastes, which plant roots are readily able to absorb as nutrients. How convenient that this production of plant nutrients takes place right in the rhizosphere, the site of root-nutrient absorption.

At the centre of any viable soil food web are plants. Plants control the food web for their own benefit, an amazing fact that is too little understood and surely not appreciated by gardeners who are constantly interfereing with Nature's system. Studies indicate that individual plants can control the numbers and the different kinds of fungi and bacteria attracted to the rhizosphere by the exudates they produce.

Soil bacteria and fungi are like small bags of fertilizer, retaining in their bodies nitrogen and other nutrients they gain from root exudates and other organic matter. Carrying on the analogy, soil protozoa and nematodes act as "fertilizer spreaders" by releasng the nutrients locked up in the bacteria and fungi "fertilizer bags". The nematodes and protozoa in the soil come along and eat the bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere. They digest what they need to survive and excrete excess carbon and other nutrients as waste.

The protozoa and nematodes that feasted on the fungi and bacteria attracted by plant exudates are in turn eaten by arthropods such as insects and spiders. Soil arthropods eat each other and themselves are the food of snakes, birds, moles and other animals. Simply put, the soil is one big fast-food restaurant.

Bacteria are so small they need to stick to things, or they will wash away; to attach themselves they produce a slime, the secondary result of which is that individual soil particles are bound together. Fungal hyphae, too, travel through soil particles, sticking to them and binding them together, thread-like, into aggregates.

Worms, together with insect larvae and moles move through the soil in search of food and protection, creating pathways that allow air and water to enter and leave the soil. The soil food web, then, in addition to providing nutrients to roots in the rhizosphere, also helps create soil structure: the activities of its members bind soil particles together even as they provide for the passage of air and water through the soil.

Without this system, most important nutrients would drain from soil. Instead, they are retained in the bodies of soil life. Here is the gardener's truth: when you apply a chemical fertilizer, a tiny bit hits the rhizosphere, where it is absorbed, but most of it continues to drain through soil until it hits the water table. Not so with the nutrients locked up inside soil organisms, a state known as immobilization; these nutrients are eventully released as wastes, or mineralized. And when the plants themselves die and are allowed to decay in situ, the nutrients they retained are again immobilized in the fungi and bacteria that consume them.

Just as important, every member of the soil food web has its place in the soil community. Each, be it on the surface or subsurface, plays a specific role. Elimination of just one group can drastically alter a soil community. Dung from mammals provides nutrients for beetles in the soil. Kill the mammals, or eliminate their habitat or food source, and you wont have so many beetles. It works in reverse as well. A healthy soil food web won't allow one set of members to get so strong as to destroy the web. If there are too many nematodes and protozoa, the bacteria and fungi on which they prey are in trouble and, ultimately, so are the plants in the area.

And there are other benefits. The nets or webs fungi form around roots act as physical barriers to invasion and protect plants from pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Bacteria coat surfaces so thoroughly, there is no room for others to attach themselves. If something impacts these fungi or bacteria and their numbers drop or disappear, the plant can easily be attacked.

Tool Shed

In this section, I’ve outlined my favourites, give information on the basic tools every gardener should have, and I make some recommendations on my preferred manufacturers and suppliers*:-

*Mention of a particular manufacturer or supplier in the Tool Shed Section no way implies any connection between them and Ivydene Horticultural Services. I mention their names only by way of actually using their equipment or services and having direct experience of them.

I tend to have protective barrier skin cream PrimeShield 250ml Dry The 4-in-1 Skin Protector for Working Hands to prevent chaps on my hands inside these Yellow Criss Cross Gripper Gloves (applied once in the morning and again after lunch)

This describes the tools that I use.

barriercreamexported1

Useful Data

Useful Data A
Useful Data B
Useful Data C
Useful Data D
Useful Data E
Useful Data F
Useful Data G
Useful Data H

Useful Data I
Useful Data J
Useful Data K
Useful Data L
Useful Data M
Useful Data N
Useful Data O
Useful Data P
Useful Data Q

Useful Data R
Useful Data S
Useful Data T
Useful Data U
Useful Data V
Useful Data W
Useful Data X
Useful Data Y
Useful Data Z

Answers given to where can you get the plants, irrigation system, paving, work clothes, work tools etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Garden Design

Private Garden Design Introduction.

 

The most important design consideration is who and how long per week is maintenance on the garden going to be done. One hour-garden by Joanna Smith book helps in this part of the design process.

Using the Mixed Border, Jubilee Rose Garden and Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden in the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Garden at Wisley for examples, I am still creating The Mixed Borders Garden Design Topic, which may help you in planning your garden, especially if you decide to show your garden to the public - i.e Make plant labels visible in your garden to aid your own plant sales.

 

...RHS Mixed Borders

The 2 Mixed Borders either side of the long lawn leading past the RHS Plant Centre to Battleston Hill; with the East Border having an entrance to that Plant Centre and the West Border having lawn gaps which lead to the Jubilee Rose Garden and AGM Borders during 2013 are item 2 on the Visitor Map to the RHS Garden Wisley Summer 2012, part of which is shown below with North being on the right hand side:-

wisleygardenmap1Click on the White or Black square within the Colour Wheel in 1 of the 7 colours in each month to compare the flowers of the permanent and bedding used in these mixed borders.

The 2 borders were split into 71 parts. Each
Part Number of East and West Mixed Borders has its own Page with photos of that part in the Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.

Each part has:-

  • its own permanent planting (Other permanent plants)of bulbs, evergreen perennials, shrubs, climbers and trees
  • its own permanent herbaceous perennials
  • with bare areas in between for bedding.

Each plant then has its flower colour, flower thumbnail, months of flowering, height x spread, foliage colour in Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter with Foliage thumbnail

The plant name, flower thumbnail and foliage thumbnail link to the respective Plant Description Page in

......Bedding Plants ,

......Her Perennials or

......Other Plants .

These galleries are described in a row each below
 

Each page may also detail a
Design Concept

Blue, Orange, Pink, Red, Unusual, White and Yellow FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF MIXED BORDER DURING
May
June
July
August
September
October
November

for every plant in the Mixed Borders in each month it flowers. If a part has that flower colour during 2013, then is shown in the table below.

Garden Design Comments on RHS Garden at Wisley in the 71 pages of the EAST and WEST Borders in the MIXED BORDERS

Flower Colours in each of the 71 Parts of the Mixed Borders - with area indicating that the respective colour has not been used in this part .
 

More (See un-labelled bedding) than 102 plants (This is 29%, which is almost a third) were missing their identity when in flower in 2013 out of 348 in 768 square metres of Mixed Borders garden beds - These herbaceous borders are 6 metres (20 feet) deep and 128 metres (427 feet) long.

Part Number of East and West Mixed Borders

 

Each page provides details and photos of every plant used in that part

 

 

 

 

Unu-sual Col-our

 

 

Number of either invisible or missing identity when in Flower

Each page may also detail a
Design Concept

Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial

Other Perm-anent Plants

Bed-ding

49 mis-sing out of 176

19 mis-sing out of 73

34 mis-sing out of 99

East 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Formal style required in moving people from Entrance to outlying areas

East 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Position plants with tiny flowers close to the lawn or path

Provide plant support structures

East 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

Make plant labels visible to aid plant sales and

No plant labels on Pansy / Viola Display

East 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

Create History of each garden bed, so that planting errors can be corrected

East 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

1

1

Use a system to select your plants from their flower colour

East 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

1

Use the colours of the buds, flowers and seedheads with different foliage colours in Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn of each heather for your groundcover and background

East 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

1

 

Use

to choose from

East 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

Use turf protected paths instead of slabbed paths for small gardens

East 9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

Make your flowers all the same colour like White to harmonise as your flower colour in the simplest flower colour scheme

East 10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Bulbs can provide flowers from January through to May in the bare ground round the permanent shrubs and perennials

East 11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Replace bedding and perennials with wildflower lawn edged with normal lawn to reduce gardening time to 1 hour a week

East 12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

With limited garden space, put a wildflower lawn on the roof of your shed / garage / leanto or concreted area on ground to provide flowers

East 13

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

Create fun version of Snakes and Ladders game using clock flowers

East 14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

1

Further reasons to create garden bed Histories

East 15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

Create track and use the Square Foot Gardening system for:-

  • wheelchair-bound disabled to use for radio-controlled models on the ground-level of the garden
  • wheelchair-bound children/adults to maintain and replant the raised beds, whilst sitting with their knees under each raised bed
  • school pupils to learn to grow plants
  • wheelchair supported children/adults recovering in hospital, rest or care home to go outside, view them and/or maintain those beds themselves
  • transport the raised bed into the patient's room, so that the patient can admire close-up what they normally see outside from their bed; and then for them to maintain or simply view for a while before that raised bed is returned outside that same day
  • infirm children, adults or pensioners to maintain and replant the raised beds, when they do not need to kneel down, bend their knees or reach above their shoulders

East 16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

Climber not seen due to plants in front growing higher than it.

East 17

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

2

 

Create game using Slider Signs that alternate turning left or turning right at each Path Row Junction for you to pick your fruit, flowers, grasses or vegetables.

East 18

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

 

Turf protection from wear by people walking or standing on it

East 19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

Balance Income with Expenditure in Garden

East 20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

Safety - If a visitor reports a safety concern, then do not ignore it

East 21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

2

 

 

East 22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

1

 

East 23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

1

 

East 24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

East 25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

3

 

Hide unwanted views of buildings or other areas of garden

East 26

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

 

East 27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

East 28

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

East 29

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

 

 

East 30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

 

East 31

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

2

 

 

East 32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

East 33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

 

Select tender plants and then provide Plant Protection from Frost

East 34

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

Control human movement through areas

Part Number

 

 

 

 

Unu-sual Col-our

 

 

Either invisible or missing identity when in Flower

Unlabelled Bedding plants

Plant Labelling - A suggestion for plant labelling to help visitors

Further Plant Label and Path Foundation Comments

WISLEY WISLEY Rose Classification System

Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial

Other Perm-anent Plants

Bed-ding

West 35

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

West 36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

West 37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

3

 

 

West 38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

 

 

West 39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

West 40

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

West 41

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

West 42

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

West 43

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

 

 

West 44

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

West 45

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

West 46

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

 

Build soil fertility and structure with legumes and mulches

West 47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

West 48

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

West 49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

West 50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

 

 

West 51

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

 

West 52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

Split garden area into separate shapes

even when a public path goes through the garden

West 53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Use Companion planting with Green Manure to deter Pests / Diseases and

Another Climber not seen due to plants in front growing higher than it.

West 54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

Use long-flowering Speciman Roses as a backdrop

West 55

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West 56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

West 57

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

 

West 58

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

 

West 59

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

1

 

West 60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

West 61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

West 62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

West 63

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

Reduce time for garden maintenance by avoiding mixing plants together

West 64

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

1

 

 

West 65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

 

West 66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

West 67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

1

 

 

West 68

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

2

 

 

West 69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

2

 

 

West 70

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

West 71

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

Provide irrigation facilities to water plants and clean paths

Part Number

 

 

 

 

Unu-sual Col-our

 

 

Either invisible or missing identity when in Flower

Confidential email replies from the Royal Horticultural Society to emails from Chris Garnons-Williams with their following instructions for everybody else:-
The contents of this email and any files transmitted with it are confidential, proprietary and may be legally privileged. They are intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this email in error please notify the sender. If you are not the intended recipient you may not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print or rely on this email. The sender is not responsible for any changes made to any part of this email after transmission. Any views or opinions presented are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Society.

Perm-anent Herb-ace-ous Pere-nnial

Other Perm-anent Plants

Bed-ding

......Bedding Plants

has 74 plants used in the RHS Mixed Border Beds at Wisley with the
Mixed Border Beds Bedding Plant INDEX page and
Mixed Border Beds Un-Labelled Bedding Plant Index page.

......Her Perennials

has 176 plants used in the RHS Mixed Border Beds at Wisley with the
Mixed Borders Beds Permanent Herbaceous Perennial Plant Index page,
Mixed Border Beds Lost Flowers Page and
Mixed Border Beds 'Walkabout' Plants and 'Stateless' Plants page.

......Other Plants

has 73 plants used in the RHS Mixed Border Beds at Wisley. It also has its problems of plant labelling, pruning and safety maintenance in its Introduction page.

 

following above garden design in RHS at Wisley with

the table containing the number of parts of the 71 parts of the Mixed Borders with 1 - or combinations of 2 to 4 - colours of flowers in months May-Nov. These are split into Bedding, Permanent Herbaceous Perennial, Other Permanent plant and their combination towards the bottom of that introduction page;

there is a requirement for plant selection procedures -
1 of which is in the following Plants Main Topic -
and then use the Photo Galleries in the table on the right:-

 

Plants

The following Plant Selection Levels may be used at only 1 level or part of it.
Usually one would start at

  • Plant Selection 1,
  • refine that selection in Plant Selection 2
  • and then refine even further with Plant Selections 3-6:-

Level 1 - Plant Use. e.g. Bee pollinated plants for Hay Fever Sufferers

Level 2 - Plants for Soil. You need to know what your topsoil is based on and

  • either
    select only plants from each list in Level 1 that you require to grow in your topsoil
    or
    select only plants that you require from those that can either grow in your topsoil or can grow in any topsoil
  • Levels 2a, 2b, 2c, 2cc, 2d

Level 3 - Refining Selection by

Level 4 - Pruning - Pruning Plants

Level 5 - Groundcover Plant Detail - e.g. Plant Name - A

Level 6 - Then, finally use COMPANION PLANTING to aid your plant selected or to
deter Pests

About 1300 plants are detailed in lists with their:-

sun aspect,
soil type,
moisture level,
shape,
garden use,
foliage,
flower colour and
pruning requirements.
 
Plants for:-
Any Soil,
Chalky Soils,
Others for Chalky Soils,
Clay Soil,
Others for Clay Soil,
Lime-Free Soil,
Light Sandy Soil,
Peaty Soil.

 

and finally,
with my coloured friend called Frankie the Green - Color 33C C33; I can tell you about
fedging
or if you prefer hedging:-
 

 

Hedging

has 13 hedge plants. Index with flower colour, months of flowering, height and spread, foliage colour on each page in the gallery.

REASONS FOR USE OF THIS TYPE OF HEDGE
Anti-Graffiti
Formal Edge of Garden Area
Garden Security Screen
Green Screen Wall for Factory Building
Green Screen Wall for Monaco Buildings
Informal Boundary
Parterre Edge
Screen
Security Barrier
Stock Boundary
Thorny Barrier
Windbreak

GROUND-COVER
Ground-cover Mat for embankments

FLOWER COLOUR
Other Colours
Red
White
Yellow

FOLIAGE COLOUR
Green
Variegated White
Variegated Yellow
Autumn Colour
4 Season Colour

FRUIT COLOUR
Fruit

 

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
 D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
 M, N, O, P, Q, R,
 S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape and
Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row), Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
 H, I, J, K, L, M,
 N, O, P, Q, R, S,
 T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria 
...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK


Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
Water Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew


Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index
 


Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index


Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES


Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

 

 

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2
 


Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.
 

Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Wildflower 17 Flower Colours per Month

Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages
are compared in all the relevant month(s) of when that Wildflower flowers -
in the Wildflower Flower Colour
of that row

CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS


Common Name with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC,AL,AS,BE,
BL,BO,BR,CA,
CL,CO,CO,CO,
CR,DA,DO,EA,
FE,FI,FR,GO,
GR,GU,HA,HO,
IR,KN,LE,LE,
LO,MA,ME,MO,
NA,NO,PE,PO,
PY,RE,RO,SA,
SE,SE,SK,SM,
SO,SP,ST,SW,
TO,TW,WA,WE,
WI,WO,WO,YE

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,

 

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN,
AR,AR,AS,BA,
BR,BR,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,CH,
CI,CO,CR,DA,
DE,DR,EP,EP,
ER,EU,FE,FO,
GA,GA,GE,GL,
HE,HI,HI,HY,
IM,JU,KI,LA,
LE,LI,LL,LU,LY, ME,ME,MI,MY,
NA,OE,OR,OR,
PA,PH,PL,PO,
PO,PO,PO,PU,
RA,RH,RO,RO,
RU,SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,SI,
SI,SO,SP,ST,
TA,TH,TR,TR,
UR,VE,VE,VI

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,
 

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Blue

1

1

1

Blue
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Food for Butterfly/Moth..
Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone Page 1, Page 2 .
Flowering plants of Acid Soil Page 1 .
SEED COLOUR
Seed 1 ,
Seed 2 .
Use of Plant with Flowers .
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root .
Story of their Common Names.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Brown

1

1

1

Brown
Botanical Names .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Cream

1

1

1

Cream
Common Names .
Coastal and Dunes .
Sandy Shores and Dunes .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Green

1

1

1

Green
Broad-leaved Woods .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Mauve

1

1

1

Mauve
Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Multi-Col-oured

1
 

1
 

1
 

Multi-Cols
Heaths and Moors .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Orange

1

1

1

Orange
Hedgerows and Verges .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Pink

1

1

1

Pink A-G
Lakes, Canals and Rivers .

Pink H-Z
Marshes, Fens, Bogs .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Purple

1

1

1

Purple
Old Buildings and Walls .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Red

1

1

1

Red
Pinewoods .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
White

1

1

1

White A-D
Saltmarshes .
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops .

White E-P
Other .

White Q-Z
Number of Petals .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 Yellow

1

1

1

Yellow A-G
Pollinator .

Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Shrub/ Tree

1

1

1

Shrub/Tree
River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins .
 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Fruit or Seed

1

1

1

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Non-Flower Plants

1

1

1

Use for
Non-Flowering Plants

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Chalk and Lime-stone

1

1

1

Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone
Page 1
Page 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Acid Soil

1

1

1

Flowering plants of
Acid Soil
Page 1

UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given.

Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly.
 

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in
A Butterfly Book for the Pocket by Edmund Sandars.
Published by Oxford University Press London: Humphrey Milford in 1939.
 

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Alder Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June
28 days.
12 days.

Aspen

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May
9 days in June.

Black Medic

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

Late August-April
April-June
1 Month

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Borage

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Bramble

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn

Holly Blue

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---


 

7 days.


28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn -
Alder Buckthorn and Common Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.

28 days.
12 days.

Burdocks

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed

Large White
 

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days.
30-32 days
14 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till April

Cabbages

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Hedge-Mustard,
Garlic-Mustard,
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress

Green-veined White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis


 

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---


 

July or August; hatches in 3 days.
16 days.
14 days in July or for caterpillars of August, they overwinter till May.

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Creeping Yellow-cress,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Dame's Violet,
Hedge-Mustard,
Horseradish,
Garlic-Mustard,
Lady's Smock,
Large Bittercress,
Rock-cress (Common Winter-Cress),
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress,
Wild Turnip

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Cherry with
Wild Cherry,
Morello Cherry and
Bird Cherry

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Cocksfoot is a grass

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---


11 Months
3 weeks from May

Cow-wheat

(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in June.

Currants
(Red Currant,
Black Currant and Gooseberry)

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Devilsbit Scabious

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 15 days in May-June.
July-May.



9 days in June.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April



April-June.

Dogwood

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Elm and Wych Elm

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome)

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

...
11 Months
3 weeks from May

Foxglove

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Fyfield Pea

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Garden Pansy

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.
Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April


April-June.

Gorse

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Hogs's Fennel

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May.

Holly

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Honesty
(Lunaria biennis)

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Honeysuckle

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Hop

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue




Chalk-Hill Blue


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

---

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.


Eats leaves.

---

1 then
June-March or September to July
3 weeks.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month

8-10 days in Late May-June or Middle August-September
June-July or September to October
8-15 days

Ivy

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Kidney Vetch

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis
Butterfly

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---
Eats nectar.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month
20 days

Lucerne

Pale Clouded Yellow



Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis


Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.



1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mallows

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Melilot

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mignonettes

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Milk Parsley

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September


September-May

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in June.

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in April-May.

Nasturtium from Gardens

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days.
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Oak Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Mountain pansy,
Seaside Pansy,
Field Pansy and Cultivated Pansy.
 

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

 

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves of borage, sainfoin and heartsease, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September
 

3 weeks in September

Pine Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk.
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Plantains

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Poplar

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Restharrow

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Rock-rose

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Sainfoin

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September

3 weeks in September

Common Sallow (Willows, Osiers)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Sea Plantain

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in April-May.

Snowberry

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---
 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Spindle-tree

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Stinging Nettle

Comma




Painted Lady



Peacock

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Dense mass of 450-500 eggs on the under side of leaves over a 2 hour period.
Eats leaves, and moves to another plant before pupating.
---






2 weeks in June.
7-11 days.
7-11 days.

14 days in April-May.


28 days.

13days.

Storksbill

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Thistles

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Vetches

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Vetches

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet
Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

Dark Green Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk.
Hibernates where it hatches.
Eats leaves.

Base of food plant.

July-August for 17 days.

Spends winter on plant until end of March. Eats leaves until end of May.
4 weeks.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet
Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

High Brown Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base.
Feed on young leaves, stalks and stems
---

July to hatch in 8 months in March.
9 weeks ending in May.

4 weeks

Vipers Bugloss

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks.
7-11days.
7-11 days

Whitebeam
(White Beam)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wild Angelica

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May

Willow
(Bay Willow)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wood-Sage

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

 

Plants used by the Butterflies

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Asters
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

 

Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Aubretia in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Birch

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Wood White

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days.


May-June.

30 days in May-June.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Bluebell

Holly Blue




Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.


June.



June-August.

Bramble

Comma

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

7 weeks in July-August.



June-August

Buddleias
in gardens

Comma

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May

Bugle

Wood White

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June.



June-August.



June-July.

Cabbage and cabbages in fields

Large White


Small White


Green-veined White

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September.

A Month during May-June or second flight in late July-August.

May-June for 18 days.

Charlock

Painted Lady

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Painted Lady

Peacock

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


July-October.

July-May.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow


Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-September.

Cow-wheat
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock)

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Dandelion

Holly Blue



Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

30 days in May-June.

Fleabanes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Greater Knapweed

Comma

Peacock

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months

Hawkbit

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

30 days in May-June.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-September

Hedge Parsley

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

May-June for 18 days.

Hemp agrimony

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month.

20 days

Ivy

Painted Lady

Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

Hibernates during winter months in its foliage.

July-October.

October-July

Lucerne

Painted Lady

Large White


Small White


Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marigolds in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marjoram

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Common Blue

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September.

20 days in August.


3 weeks in May-September.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Michaelmas Daisies
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Mignonettes

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Nasturtiums in gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September

March-May or June-September

Oak Tree

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Primroses

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Ragged Robin

Wood White

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June-July.

Scabious

Painted Lady

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

July-May

Sedum

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-May

Teasels

Silver-washed Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

7 weeks in July-August.

Thistles -
Creeping Thistle, Dwarf Thistle, Marsh Thistle, Meadow Thistle, Melancholy Thistle, Milk Thistle,
Musk Thistle, Seaside Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Spear Thistle, Tuberous Thistle, Welted Thistle, Woolly Thistle

Comma

Painted Lady

Peacock

Swallowtail

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Dark Green Fritillary

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-October.

July-May.

May-July.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months.

7 weeks in July-August



June-August.


July-August for 6 weeks.


May-September.



June-August.

Thymes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

 

Eats nectar.
 

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


June-July

Vetches

Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days in August.


June-July.

Violets

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Wood-Sage

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

April-May

Rotten Fruit

Peacock

Butterfly

Drinks juice

July-September

Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar

Large Tortoiseshell

Butterfly

Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April.

10 months in June-April

Wild Flowers

Large Skipper

Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary.

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

June-August


12 months.

7 weeks in July-August.



May-September

Links to the other Butterflies:-

Black Hairstreak
Brown Hairstreak
Camberwell Beauty
Chequered Skipper
Dingy Skipper
Duke of Burgundy
Essex Skipper
Gatekeeper
Grayling
Green Hairstreak
Grizzled Skipper
Hedge Brown
Large Blue
Large Heath
Long-tailed Blue
Lulworth Skipper
Marbled White
Mazarine Blue
Meadow Brown
Monarch
Northern Brown Argus
Purple Emperor
Purple Hairstreak
Red Admiral
Ringlet
Scotch Argus
Short-tailed Blue
Silver-spotted Skipper
Silver-studded Blue
Small Copper
Small Heath
Small Mountain Ringlet
Small Skipper
Small Tortoiseshell
Speckled Wood
Wall Brown
White Admiral
White-letter Hairstreak

Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery.

Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND.
Please leave a small area in your garden for wildflowers to grow without disturbance throughout the year for the benefit of butterflies, moths and other wildlife who are dependant on them.
Butterfly
Usage of Plants
by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly

Wild Flower Family Page

(the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956

They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family.
These families within that book will have their details described in alphabetical order for both the family name and its plants.

The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield,
T.G. Tutin of University College, Leicester and
E.F. Warburg of University of Oxford. Printed by Cambridge at the University Press in 1952 for each plant in all the families)

 

When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, the wildlife in public parks is destroyed as is done in every managed park in the world.
Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school.

 

 

THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:-
"Of the original 186 flowering species (including sub-species), the 5 colour forms and the 8 unconfirmed species, (193 flowering species in total) only 55 have persisted throughout the 35 years of flailing since 1972. Of these 55 species:-
3 species are unchanged.
11 species have disastrously increased.
41 species are seriously reduced in number, most by over 90%. Of these, 18 are now increasing under the somewhat lighter flailing regime. 13 are still decreasing, and 35 have only a few specimens (from 1-12 plants) left.
Of the rest of the original species:-
37 species and 3 colour forms have disappeared, then reappeared after varying lengths of time. Of these, 20 have fewer than 6 plants, most of them only 1 or 2, and are liable to disappear again. Only 6 of the recovered species look capable of surviving in the longer term.
23 species have reappeared, then disappeared again due to being flailed before they could set seed or to being overcome by rank weeds.
Only 3 species have reappeared for a second time, and one of these has since disappeared for the third time.
68 species and 2 colour forms disappeared and have never reappeared to date (2008).
Of the 83 flowering species (excluding 11 rampant species) and 3 colour forms now present in the survey mile, around 50 are unlikely to survive there in the long term, certainly not in viable numbers, if flailing continues.
Unless the degradation of habitat, high fertility and spread of ivy and other rampant weeds can be reversed, it appears highly unlikely that more than a dozen or so of the lost floral species can ever safely return or be re-introduced.
The only birds sighted more than once so far this year along the mile have been magpie, rook, crow and buzzard, and a swallow (probably the same one each time) hunting between the hedges now and then at the sheltered eastern end of the mile. One wren heard June 21st, one blackbird seen June 27th (these also at the eastern end) and one greenfinch today July 31st. On this hot sunny high-summer day counted only 7 hedge brown butterflies (6 of them males), one red admiral and one large white. Half a dozen small bumblebees, two carder bees, half a dozen hoverflies of two common Eristalis species, one flesh fly, one scorpion fly and one dragonfly, Cordulegaster boltonii, not hunting, zooming straight down the road and disappearing into the distance.
Only 8 butterfly species so far this year, and only one specimen each of five of them (red admiral, speckled wood, large white, ringlet and large skipper, the latter seen only once since 1976). Only small white, hedge brown and speckled wood have managed to appear every year since the flail arrived.
For some years I have been noticing very small specimens particularly of hedge brown and speckled wood. This year nearly all the hedge browns seen in the mile ('all' being a dozen or so in total) are of this stunted size, some of the males appearing really tiny. I am wondering if this might be a response to general environmental stress, or due to inbreeding as flail-reduced numbers are so low. The hedge brown does not fly far from its hatching place so mating opportunity is now extremely limited. With the few species of insects now seen in the hedges there seems to be a high proportion of males to females, at least five to one.
So far this year only a single moth has come to the house lights. It was a Drinker, and it killed itself against the bulb before it could be saved.
September 21st. Most of the survey mile closely flailed today along both sides of the road.

End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
Times and attitudes have changed since the days when the flail first appeared on the scene. The plight of our once-so-diverse wildlife is officially recognised as a priority; agricultural grants may embrace conservation measures, and perhaps economic strictures will tend more to a live-and-let-live policy in future with less of the expensive, pointless and desecrating "tidying-up". We now have an enthusiastic generation keen to help nature recover its diversity, but often unsure as to how this is best achieved. [Please see CHL "Restoring Biodiversity in Cornish Hedges"] 21st September 2007.
There is still widespread ignorance of the effects of such destructive machinery as the flail-mower and other rotary trimmers and strimmers. Few people but the elderly now remember or understand the life that ought to be abundant in the everyday hedges, verges, field margins and waste places. The simple remedy of returning to the clean-cutting finger-bar scythe used in late winter, trimming alternate sides of the hedge in different years, not trimming green herbaceous growth and leaving the cut material (mainly dead stems and twigs) on or near the hedge, is largely unrealised. This wildlife-friendly type of trimmer is still available from some suppliers.
Cornwall County Council has changed from being (in this instance) the chief offender to employing said-to-be environmentally-aware officers concerned with reconciling conservation and development. In recent years the council has issued instructional leaflets about hedges and their wildlife, including one entitled Cornish Roadside Hedge Management (since altered, perhaps not entirely for the better). This leaflet largely embodied the principles that our petition of 1985 asked for. Ironically, it is no longer the council's employees who are carrying out the work. Although this advice is now available, it does not necessarily reach the farmers and contractors out on the job. The flails are still in destructive action at any time from June onwards, though on the whole the work does seem to be being done later rather than sooner. Some farmers are now correctly leaving it until January and early February, a good time to allot to road work while other farm jobs may have to wait for drier weather. Most farmers, despite the bad publicity they tend to suffer, truly wish to do the best they can for their wildlife. Sadly for all, the flail is still the universally-available tool.
Those ignorant of the flail's real effects may imagine that 'sensitive' use of it is all right, as some common plant and insect species return temporarily and a few others increase when the work is switched to the less damaging time of year and done lightly. In the longer term, this is delusive; even in winter an unacceptable number of individuals are killed at every flailing and the habitat still inexorably degrades. No matter how or when or how seldom the flail is used, species continue to die out.
Until naturalists and environmentalists understand the catastrophic and cumulative effects of the flail they will continue to say they don't know why, despite all well-intentioned efforts, the numbers and diversity of wild flowers, songbirds, bats, butterflies, moths and bumblebees are still falling.
Nature lovers have to stop thinking mainly in terms of schemes to benefit a handful of charismatic species at special sites, and start looking at what the flail and other rotary mowers have done to thousands upon thousands of acres of the British countryside and billions upon billions of its most essential, ordinary inhabitants. It has struck at the major heart of the core existence of our native species, slaughtering them wholesale in that very sanctuary of the hedges and verges. These species had already mostly gone from the rest of the local area; the hedges where they had all taken refuge were their last resort. The remnants of species and their precarious survivors are still being wiped out, smashed to death every time the flail is used. It is the utterly wrong tool for the job and it has to be scrapped.
A brand-new flail-mower operating in February 2008. Right time of year for trimming, wrong kind of trimmer. As long as it is manufactured and turned out into the roads and fields the flail will decimate wild flowers, massacre the small creatures remaining in the hedges and verges, destroy their habitat and ruin the ancient structure of Cornwall's hedges.
Since the last yellowhammer flew across the road in 1980, I have never seen another while walking the survey mile. Since the last grasshopper in July 1981, I have never seen or heard another in these hedges. Since all the other species this diary recorded absent disappeared, they have not been seen again except in the few instances stated in the text. Most of the remaining species are declining. Fewer than half of them are likely to survive in the longer term if present trends continue. The long-vanished flowering species are likely never to return, as repeated flailing before seeding has exhausted their dormant seed stocks. The survey mile is typically representative of a majority of Cornish roadside hedges.
The photographs - in the pdf in their website - illustrating many of the flowering species lost were not taken in the survey hedge,for the obvious reason that they were no longer there. Most were taken in the house's wild garden adjoining, while those that did not grow there were obtained only with extreme difficulty, by searching all over West Penwith in a roughly thirty-mile radius for un-flailed pockets of survival. Along the roadside hedges, in this whole distance I found just one or two plants or patches of only a few of the species sought - common toadflax, field scabious, tufted vetch, scentless mayweed, red clover, self-heal - species that before the flail were so commonly seen along the whole length of hundreds of hedges in West Cornwall, now growing only where for some unusual reason of situation the flail had missed.
Some of the photographs of invertebrate species killed out by the flail in the survey mile were taken in the garden adjoining, where, despite nurturing since pre-flail days, the majority have now disappeared due to over-predation. In the survey mile this year, for the first time since 1992, the hedges remained un-flailed throughout the summer, giving a few common invertebrates the chance to reappear. No adult moth is illustrated because only half a dozen individuals were seen during the whole summer season of 2007, unfortunately at moments when the camera was not in my hand or they were fluttering out of reach. The drinker caterpillar alone was found posing beautifully and goes down to posterity as the only visible surviving moth larva noted in the survey mile this year, illustrating the millions of his kind killed by the flail.
Along this one typical mile of Cornish lane alone my records show that the flail has been the outright death or caused the persisting non-appearance of

  • 90 flowering herbaceous species,
  • 5 shrub species,
  • 20 grass species,
  • 60 moss species,
  • 40 bird species,
  • 23 butterfly species,
  • 250 larger moth species,
  • many scores of other invertebrate species, and untold thousands of individuals.
  • It has condemned the hedge itself to a long-term, silent, living death, wrecked its antique stone construction and destroyed its great beauty. Along the whole of the estimated 30,000 miles of Cornish hedges the deaths of individual plants and creatures from flail-battering and the loss of their generations represent truly astronomical figures. The degradation of habitat resulting from flailing prevents revival in most species even where a few individuals manage to escape the physical impact of the flails. Although the effect in Cornwall with its solid hedge-banks and their more complex ecology may be worse than with the English hedgerow, the flail-induced wildlife crisis is nation-wide - and still almost universally unrecognised or unacknowledged.
  • There is no hope of recovery for our countryside wildlife until the flail type of machine is consigned to the black museum of history. To achieve this it will probably have to be banned by law.
  • The finger-bar scythe has to be reinstated and any trimming (except where needed for road-junction or access visibility) must be carried out in winter, the later the better between November 1st and February 28th. Trimming must take away the woody scrub growth on the sides of the hedge, leaving the herbaceous growth on the sides and the bushes on the top untouched. Only then can the flail-ruined hedges and verges begin to see a real return to some kind of healthy and abundant life."

CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
"This check-list is a simple guide to the herbaceous plants typically indicating different habitat types found in the Cornish hedge. The short lists are of typical plants, not complete species lists for the habitat. Many of the plants in the Typical Hedge list also appear in the other types of hedge. Areas of intermediate population where location or physical conditions begin to change and habitats overlap are not included.
Hedge Type:-

  • Typical Cornish Hedge (woodland-edge/ heathland mixture)
  • Coastal Hedge
  • Moorland/ Heathland Hedges
  • Woodland Hedge
  • Wet Hedge (marsh or ditch)
  • Stone Hedge (Earth capping but with stone core)
  • Typical garden escapes in Cornish Hedges
  • Typical species rampant in flail-damaged hedges

Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-

  • Advice for Working on Roadside Hedges
  • Building Hedges in Cornwall
  • Building Turf Hedges
  • Building and Repairing Cornish Stone Stiles
  • Butterflies, Moths and Other Insects in Cornish Hedges
  • Check-list for Inspecting New or Restored Hedges in Cornwall
  • Check-list of Types of Cornish Hedge Flora
  • Code of Good Practice for Cornish Hedges
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (1st Edition)
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (2nd Edition)
  • Cornish Hedges in Gardens
  • Cornish Hedges on Development and Housing Sites
  • Gates and Gateways in Cornish hedges
  • Geology and Hedges in Cornwall
  • Glossary of some Cornish Words used in the Countryside
  • Hedges in the Cornish Landscape
  • How to Look After a Cornish Hedge
  • How Old is That Cornish Hedge?
  • Literature Sources
  • Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (450AD - 1550)
  • Modern Hedges in Cornwall (1840 - present day)
  • Mosses, Lichens, Fungi and Ferns in Cornish Hedges
  • Pipe-laying and Other Cross-country Works Involving Hedges
  • Post-Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (1550 - 1840)
  • Prehistoric Hedges in Cornwall (5,000BC - 450AD)
  • Repairing Cornish Hedges and Stone Hedges
  • Repairing Turf Hedges
  • Risk Assessment Guidance for working on Cornish Hedges
  • Roadside Hedges and Verges in Cornwall
  • The Curse of Rabbits in Cornish Hedges
  • The Life and Death of a Flailed Cornish Hedge
  • Trees on Hedges in Cornwall
  • Unusual Old Features in Cornish Hedges
  • Who Owns that Cornish Hedge?
  • Wildlife and the Cornish Hedge

THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges."
 
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