Ivydene Gardens Loosestrife to Olive Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Click on Underlined Text in:- Common Name to view that Plant Description Page |
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Maple Family:- Maple Family plant table with its Common Name - Botanical Name. Flowering Months Range. Habitat with link to that Loosestrife to Olive Wild Flower Families Gallery:- |
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Common Name |
Botanical Name |
Flowering Months |
Habitat |
Field Maple |
Acer campestre |
A deciduous tree, native in woodland, scrub and old hedgerows on a wide range of moist, usually base-rich, soils. It is also widespread as a planted tree in amenity areas, on farmland, along roads and in hedgerows and coppice. It fruits erratically, sometimes producing only male flowers following a year of prolific fruiting. 0-380 m (Llanthony, Brecon). |
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Male Flowers on left with 2 female flowers on right from Borough Green in Kent on 20 April |
Male Flower from Eccles on 7 May |
Female Flower Buds on 10 April |
Fruit: Key |
London Plane |
Platanus x acerifolia |
A long-lived tree, extensively planted in streets and parks. Unlike its putative parents, it is extremely hardy in our area. It is vigorous even in polluted air and where root-space is restricted, and can be repeatedly pruned. It is fully fertile and seedlings are frequent in urban areas. Lowland. Once established it survives in dry soils. Commonly planted tree in cities as an urban roadside tree. |
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Flower |
Bark in October |
Form from The Vines |
Form from The Vines in Rochester in Kent in October |
Norway Maple |
Acer platanoides |
A deciduous tree planted in woodland, hedgerows, amenity areas, gardens and along roads. It tolerates a wide range of soil types and is frequently self-sown, becoming naturalised in secondary woodland, rough grassland, scrub and urban waste land. Generally lowland, but reaching 340 m at Alston (Cumberland). Native in most of Europe, except Portugal, Ireland and Iceland: introduced introduced into Great Britain and Holland. |
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Flower from Borough Green on 20 April |
Flowers from Queendown Warren in Kent on 10 April |
Flower Bud from Queendown Warren on 10 April |
Form |
Sycamore |
Acer pseudoplatanus |
A large, rapidly growing deciduous tree of plantations, woods, parkland, estates, large gardens and roadsides, prolifically self-sowing and naturalised in a very wide range of natural, semi-natural and man-made habitats, avoiding only the most acidic and waterlogged soils. In upland areas, however, it is often restricted to sites associated with habitation. 0-580 m (Dowgang Hush, Cumberland). |
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Flower |
Flowers from Borough Green in May |
Foliage of Seedling in August |
Form in September |
Flower |
Juvenile foliage |
Back of leaf from Borough Green in May |
Trunk in September |
From the Ode to the London Plane Tree by Heather Greaves:-
"They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
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GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora:-
Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. Once these have flowered don't throw them out. Cut off the heads (unless you want seed) then put them somewhere that the leaves can get the sun. This will feed the bulb for the next year. Once the leaves have died you can plant the bulbs outside and they will flower at the normal (unforced) time next year. The narcissus Tete-a-tete is particularly good, and provides early colour and a delicate fragrance too. Below I have listed groups of plants. I have tried to include at least four plants in each list as you may not be able to find all of them, although, unless you have a very large windowbox, I would recommend that you have just three in each box. |
Sewage Pollution in the UK rivers and its surrounding Seas:- This is being ignored by the UK Government. Local UK Government and Commerce, so again they will do nothing about this, and continue to ignore the death of the wildlife, marine life, the dairy, farming and fishing industries, together with the onland and ocean producers of oxygen during 2024. Why not visit the UK and add your excrement to the increase of 102% of raw sewage spills into rivers and the seas in 2023 from 2022, while 240,000 new homes will be built each year without the future Labour or Conservative government stopping their excrement being offloaded into the sea to affect all the other countries surrounding us. If 92% of the seagrass has been smothered that means nowhere round the UK is either safe to swim in or for its fish and other marine life. The same could be said about the farmed salmon in the seas round Scotland. Ocean Pollution as reported by the Marine Conservation Society Marine pollution is diverse, from tiny fibres which shed from clothes, to chemicals washed down the sink. Pollutants, including plastic, chemicals and bacteria travel from our towns and cities to our seas, as well as from activities directly in our ocean. If we don’t tackle pollution at source, these highly persistent chemicals and plastics will continue to increase in our ocean causing untold damage. That's where we come in.
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Marine Conservation Society - Seagrass: The ocean superhero at risk from sewage:-Seagrass meadows are a key player in helping to combat climate change – but untreated sewage pollution in our seas is threatening their future. Seagrass meadows are the Swiss army knife of marine habitats. They create hotspots for biodiversity and provide vital nursery habitats for various fish species. Long seagrass blades buffer wave energy, protecting our shores against coastal erosion and storms. Their canopies slow the flow of water, drawing down suspended matter like pollutants and excess nutrients from the water column and burying it in the sediment below. This also makes them one of the oldest and most effective carbon storage technologies, accounting for an estimated 10-18% of ocean carbon storage while occupying only 0.1% of the seafloor. Unlike terrestrial habitats like forests, seagrass doesn't release the carbon it has captured back into the atmosphere when it decomposes. If undisturbed, seagrass can store carbon for thousands of years. Seagrasses do a lot of heavy lifting in mitigating the stress that we inflict on the ocean. As ecosystem engineers, they’re skilled at adapting their environment to suit their needs. However, the flow of untreated sewage discharges into UK seas is posing a problem for seagrass. Untreated sewage discharges contain excess nutrients and pathogens, which encourage faster-growing macroalgae which reduce light availability and epiphytic algae which smother the seagrass leaves. Research by Cardiff University and Swansea University indicates that insufficient monitoring and management of sewage and wastewater treatment threatens seagrass meadows around the UK. Each of the 11 sites sampled in the study, ten of which were within marine protected areas, contained seagrass that was contaminated by nutrients “of a human and livestock waste origin”. The findings show that sewage pollution is a stressor to seagrass – one whose effects are far-reaching and continues to have an impact far from its source. The only effective way to protect seagrass and the whole marine environment from this stress is to tackle the issue at source. We have already lost 92% of seagrass meadows in the UK, and their survival and recovery is further undermined by poor water quality. However, we can reverse this trend. Removing stressors, such as untreated sewage pollution, is the most important factor in allowing seagrass to recover and we have seen seagrass successfully recolonise areas which were previously wiped out by sewage outfall. Our seagrass meadows are an essential ally against global warming, a biodiversity crisis, and pervasive pollution. These superhero habitats need our help and a first major step towards this is to stop releasing untreated sewage into our seas. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens With around 23 million gardens in the UK, covering 435,000 ha, gardens have great potential as wildlife habitats. And, with a bit of planning and a few tweaks, they can indeed be wonderful places for a whole host of creatures, from birds to bees, butterflies, frogs and toads, as well as many less obvious creatures. Wildlife-friendly gardens can be beautiful too, and a colourful garden full of life can lift the spirits and give immense pleasure, and can also help to connect people, both young and old, with our wonderful wildlife. The eight-point plan for a wildlife-friendly garden
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden. Follow the links below to explore our show gardens, and when you visit, be sure to pick up a copy of our Wildlife Gardening Trail guide
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From the Ode to the London Plane Tree by Heather Greaves:- "They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
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", in the Vermont hills, is a biodynamic farm using organic practices. Natural minerals and planned grazing with American Milking Devon cattle rejuvenate the soil, sequester carbon and yield nutrient dense foods and medicines including milk, grass fed meats, eggs, fermented vegetables (sauerkraut and kimchi / kim-chi), and herbal tinctures. We offer educational opportunities, farm visits, and seminars on nutrition, growing and preparing nutrient dense food, diversified farming and fermentation. |
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Edible Plants Club website "has been created largely from the point of view of a plantsman interested in the many different resources available in the plant world, especially edible and medicinal plants. What started me off on this path was reading Robert Harts book Forest Gardening and then Ken Fearns Plants for a Future and also Richard Mabeys 'Food For Free' along the way. This also led to me to change my career and become a gardener."
'Sort out your soil' - A practical guide to Green Manures, and Frequently Asked Questions from the Receptionist Myrtle of Cotswold Grass Seeds.
Saltmarsh Management Manual from the Environment Agency informs you about:-
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Suppliers of British native-origin seeds and plants:- "Flora locale maintains a list of suppliers who should be able to supply seeds and/or plants of known British (and sometimes known local) native-origin. Although not all their stock will necessarily be of British native-origin, they should be able to provide details of provenance on request. View Flora locale's list of suppliers - follow the "Suppliers of native flora" link. You may also wish to view the Really Wild Flowers site, which contains a wealth of information about creating habitats and cultivating native species." |
British Native Plants List of Edible Plants:- "I thought it would be useful to include native plant lists from different regions of the world. This list is from British Isles (including Ireland and the Channel Islands) and was compiled by Professor Clive Stace of the University of Leicester for the FFF conference on Native Plants held at the Linnean Society of London, June 1997. It can be found here at the postcode plants database." |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
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Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
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Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
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Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
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Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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My Comments about the proposed Cobtree Manor Park is where I and my friend used to take her dog for a 2 hour walk every week. See Map Cobtree Manor Park and Cobtree Manor 18 hole Public Golf Course (1golf.eu picture shows the golf course with its fairways to the left of the point 2/3rds across the picture from the left, with 2 grassed areas dotted with trees behind a hedge of trees above that golf course - that area is where people walk their dogs) occupy 50 acres of parkland displaying a diverse and maturing collection of trees and shrubs. I would be surprised if Cobtree Manor Park grassed area occupied more than 6 of those 50 acres. The Park Ranger and Maidstone Borough Council have decided that every dog will be put on a lead at this public place with no method of allowing that dog any exercise unless the owners can run with the dog under their byelaws of 1998. Cobtree Manor Park
My Comments The proposed rerouting of the Bridle Path would also disturb the declining numbers of Great Crested Newts who use that pond. Since there have only been 2 visitors to this site who have emailed me in the last 2 years, the above comments may be a waste of time, since written comments on paper to the Cobtree Officer Brian Latimer or emailed to him at brianlatimer@maidstone.gov.uk must be in by Friday 16th April 2010 and not emailed to me.
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The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from the bottom part of my Mission Statement page "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." The life and death of a flailed cornish hedge was repeated at Cobtree Manor Park,
When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
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THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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LOOSESTRIFE TO OLIVE FAMILIES WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
GBIF makes available data that are shared by hundreds of data publishers from around the world. These data are shared according to the GBIF Data Use Agreement, which includes the provision that users of any data accessed through or retrieved via the GBIF Portal will always give credit to the original data publishers. What is the Global Biodiversity Information Facility? GBIF enables free and open access to biodiversity data online. We’re an international government-initiated and funded initiative focused on making biodiversity data available to all and anyone, for scientific research, conservation and sustainable development. GBIF provides three core services and products:
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WILD FLOWER GALLERY INDEX LINK TO WILDFLOWER PLANT DESCRIPTION PAGE Wildflower Garden Use page from Evergreen Perrennial Shape Gallery. FLOWER COLOUR SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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Wild About Britain is home to hundreds of thousands of pages about British wildlife, the Environment and the Great Outdoors; from birds, butterflies, fungi and trees to climate change, marine life, astronomy and the weather. We're also a huge online community with 35,000 members and more than 3 million unique visitors a year.
World Atlas of Seagrasses by Edmund P. Green and Frederick T. Short - "a group of about sixty species of underwater marine flowering plants, grow in the shallow marine and estuary environments of all the world's continents except Antarctica. The primary food of animals such as manatees, dugongs, and green sea turtles, and critical habitat for thousands of other animal and plant species, seagrasses are also considered one of the most important shallow-marine ecosystems for humans, since they play an important role in fishery production. Though they are highly valuable ecologically and economically, many seagrass habitats around the world have been completely destroyed or are now in rapid decline. The World Atlas of Seagrasses is the first authoritative and comprehensive global synthesis of the distribution and status of this critical marine habitat. "
Over 300 accounts of the Flora of the British Isles have been published in
Bookreview of A.R. Clapham, T.G. Tutin et E.F. Warburg Flora of the British Isles. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Ferns in Britain and Ireland - A guide to ferns, horsetails, clubmosses
Selected References from KingdomPlantae.net National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Niering and Olmstead Peterson Field Guides Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants, Steven Foster and James A. Duke Peterson Field Guides Edible Wild Plants, Lee Allen Peterson Stalking the Healthful Herbs, Euell Gibbons Identifying and Harvesting Edible and Medicinal Plants, Steve Brill The Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America, Francois Couplan, Ph.D. Tom Brown's Guide to Wild Edible and Medicinal Plants, Tom Brown, Jr. A Modern Herbal, Volume II, Mrs. M. Grieve Weeds, Alexander C Martin
Database of Insects and their Food Plants from the Biological Records Centre:- This database is primarily a collation of published interactions between Great Britain 's invertebrate herbivores (insects and mites) and their host plants. There are also some interactions for the invertebrates closely associated with herbivores, such as predators, parasitoids, cleptoparasites and mutualists. DBIF contains about 47,000 interactions for roughly 9,300 invertebrate taxa (species, sub-species and forms) and 5,700 plant taxa (species, genera and broader groupings).
Helping Earth's Sustainable Management with a Plant IT'S SO PRODUCTIVE! In fact, Henry Ford's first car ran on hemp-methanol! - and at just a fraction of the cost of petroleum alternatives. Alternatives to coal, fuel oil, acetone, ethyl, tar pitch and creosote can be derived - from this one single plant!
Hemp (cannabis sativa) - 1% of Irelands landmass, growing hemp for fuel, would provide all the energy needs for the country each year, keeping the money with the farmers and keeping the rural economies active and this is also an environmentally friendly fuel. Hemp only has 100,000 commercial uses, so is not worth growing. |
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Superceeded Wildflower Indices After clicking on the WILD FLOWER Common Name INDEX link to Wildflower Family Page; |
The process below provides a uniform method for
The following Extra Index of Wildflowers is created in the Borage Wildflower Gallery, to which the Wildflowers found in the above list will have that row entry copied to.
Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
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Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs |
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KPR - Gardeners Club Slovakia:- "KPR was officially established in 2000 in Slovakia in Europe; however, we supply seeds and plants from all over the world since 1998. Our main object is focused on joining gardeners around the world from all fields of interests to create a big database of seeds and plants (Seeds and Plants Bank of KPR) from around the world. At present, we have 6 main branches (Slovakia, Czechia, Australia, India, Thailand, South Africa and Tanzania) and over 200 co-operators and seeds collectors all over the world. Nowadays we are able to collect and supply over 10 000 species of plants from all over the world. If you are looking for anything, you are at the right place! Although we do not have every plant in our collection yet, but we are expanding daily, step-by-step, seed-by-seed, plant by plant. We believe that soon we will be able to supply (almost) anything! For sale over 10 000 seeds and plants from all over the world - palms, cycads, exotic and frost tolerant shrubs and trees, succulents, carnivorous, annuals, perennials, ornamental grasses, vegetable, etc." "At present, we can collect seeds and plants on request (as well as parts of plants - for example bulbs, cuttings, meristematic tissues, pollen, etc.) from more than 4000 species of plants from 19 European countries. Now we collect in the following countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Spain, Finland, Great Britain, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia. We prepare to collect in the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Estonia, France, Switzerland, Italy, Kosovo, Norway, Sweden, Ukraine. We are able to collect all species in this area on your request. However, we do not collect protected species and species from the orchids (Orchidaceae). Since 2002, we supply a wide range of European plants annually to both domestic and foreign small gardeners as well as big gardeners' societies, pharmaceutical companies and for scientific research. The Vegetation season in Europe is from March to October. Seeds are usually harvested from August to September, and some species earlier. We provide a guarantee of 2 years for germination seeds. Seeds of some species are available throughout the year, but most of the species are collected on request. If you are searching for anything from Europe, you are at the right place! Contact us and inform yourself about stock availability, prices and terms of supplying. We are able to supply all plant parts as well - seeds, bulbs, cuttings, meristematic issues, pollen etc. We also grow many species in cultivation and supply these as seedlings or young plants for wholesale. If you require seedlings, your order should be placed before April, seeing that the seeds are sown in April."
Colin's virtual Herbarium - "I am Colin Ladyka, and I live in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Native plants are my hobby.
Toxicity of Common Comfrey :-
The Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland – Founded in 1836 as the Botanical Society of London and welcomes both professional and amateur botanists. The society focuses on the study of botany in the British Isles. The British Bryological Society – For the study and conservation of mosses and liverworts worldwide. The British Lichen Society – The first society in the world entirely devoted to the study of lichens. The Natural History Society of Northumbria – Everything you might want to know about NHSN including details of their field meetings, lectures, and nature reserve. Common by Nature – James Common regularly writes about his botanical finds across Newcastle and Northumberland on his personal blog. Help Identifying Plants Online BSBI Plant Crib – Sections from BSBI’s ground-breaking publication make the identification of complex plant families much easier. NatureSpot – Perfect for beginners, this online resource hosts species accounts for many plants also found in the North East. Arable Plant Crib – A series of helpful crib sheets for the UK’s arable plants from the Colour in the Margins project (now ceased). Common’s Cribs – A new series of beginner-friendly crib sheets exploring the identification of various plant families and group. |
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Handbook of alien species in Europe
Herbaria@home, a ground-breaking new approach to digitising and documenting the archives of the UK's herbaria. This site provides a web-based method for documenting herbarium sheets. We welcome participation in the project, so please read more about the project and if you would like to help then get involved!
Ukwildflowers has lists of English Common Names with their Latin botanical name.
APHOTOFLORA
Since 1972 I (Leif Stridvall) have almost exclusively been working with Nikon 35 mm system cameras as photographic equipment. They have proved to be very reliable and have never let me down. I started with Nikkormat, later exchanging it for Nikon FA (had matrix metering) and ended up with Nikon 801 (had autofocus) adding Nikon F70 as a reserve camera. In 2001 I began shooting digitally, first with Nikon Coolpix 990 and a couple of years later Minolta Dimage 7Hi, both excellent cameras for close-up photography. However when Nikon last year released its digital system camera D70 at a very affordable price, giving me opportunity to use all my old lenses with their new camera model, I gave up 35 mm photography for good. Since many years I use as macro lens the very sharp Nikon 60/2,8 AF (many old photos are taken with Mikro-Nikkor 3,5/55, also an excellent lens for macro work but only with manual focusing). All my 35 mm photos are taken with slide film, before 1972 Agfacolor, from 1972 till 1991 Kodachrome 25 (very few with Kodachrome 64) and from 1992 onwards with my favourite film, Fuji Velvia, very sharp and contrasty. Slides have been scanned by a HP PhotoSmart S20 Photo Scanner at a fairly moderate resolution of 1200 dpi. Most photos have been slightly edited either in Ulead PhotoImpact or in Adobe Photoshop. Photos with filenames starting with 4 letters are shot with a digital camera (AAAAxxxx or BBBBxxxx indicate Nikon CoolPix 990, MINAxxx Minolta Dimage 7Hi and NIKAxxxx Nikon D70).
The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation grew out of the Convention on Biological Diversity and is being fed into government policy around the world. |
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Biopix is a collection of biological photos, primarily from Scandinavia. Biopix is used online by a wide range of students, teachers, researchers, photographers etc. The photos are used professionally in a large range of publications; the sale helps to cover the expenses.
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The New Zealand Electronic Text Centre has under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 New Zealand Licence produced the following information from Chapter IX - Ferns for the Open Garden from The Cultivation of New Zealand Plants by L.Cockayne published by Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, 1923, Auckland:- Class 1.—Ferns requiring no shade in dry districts. Class 2.—Ferns requiring only the minimum amount of shade. Class 3.—Ferns requiring a moderate amount of shade. Class 4.—Ferns requiring a considerable amount of shade.
GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora:- What is GrassBase?
A Vegetative Key to Grasses by Ellen McDouall from the Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre. |
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How www.discoverlife.org Works About Everyone can benefit in some way from a partnership with Discover Life. With our powerful integrated web tools, you can:
We are dedicated to improving education about the natural world, and therefore make our tools available for everyone, for free. You keep copyrights of your photographs and other information, you control how much or how little information you provide. We work constantly to improve our technology to make it easier to use."
BackyardGardener.com:- This is no superficial overview. We have everything you need to learn, explore, and improve your gardening. We also provide every product imaginable to assist you in creating your beautiful home garden surroundings. Backyard Gardener has provided gardening information since 1996. We are a one stop informational site to help people understand their gardening needs. Backyard Gardener provides gardening plans and plant lists to enhance your gardening knowledge. We assist in providing the best gardening reference sites on the web with our own 'hands on' gardening information."
Monty Don. The Observer, Sunday 22 April 2001 "Weeds are the unwanted visitors which spoil our garden parties. But before you chuck them out, they can teach us a thing or two. There are other ways to deal with weeds:-
My weeds: Monty's list of garden horrors, most of which are detailed in this website - look by common name or botanical in the Cream and Brown Wild Flower Gallery Page menus above:-
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How www.discoverlife.org Works About Everyone can benefit in some way from a partnership with Discover Life. With our powerful integrated web tools, you can:
We are dedicated to improving education about the natural world, and therefore make our tools available for everyone, for free. You keep copyrights of your photographs and other information, you control how much or how little information you provide. We work constantly to improve our technology to make it easier to use."
What is The Threatened Plants Database |
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From Sarah Ravens Kitchen & Garden:- Wildflowers - Clay and rich loam soil mix There are two main things I want from my wildflower meadow –
That’s what you’ll get with this beautiful selection of my favourite easy and reliable perennial wild flowers. To cover an area of 3m2
Spring into Summer Flowering
Summer into Autumn Flowering
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From Sarah Ravens Kitchen & Garden:- Wildflowers - Chalk and sand, freely-drained soil mix A wonderfully varied self-sowing wild flower mix for thin, poor, chalky or sandy soils to give your garden or field flowers right through the year and food for the birds and bees. To cover an area of 3m2
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Site design and content copyright ©May 2008. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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"We have a choice - to use up the world's resources, or to save humanity" from i The Essential Daily Briefing from The Independent on 26 May 2011:- It is coming from the people of Ecuador, led by their President Rafael Correa, and it would begin to deal with 2 converging crises. In the 4 billion years since life on earth began, there have been 5 times when there was a sudden mass extinction of life-forms. The last time was 65 million years ago, when the dinosaurs were killed, probably by a meteor. But now the world's scientists agree that the 6th mass extinction is at hand. Humans have accelerated the rate of species extinction by a factor of at least 100 and the Harvard biologist EO Wilson warns it could reach a factor of 10,000 within the next 20 years.. We are doing this largely by stripping species of their habitat. At the same time, we are dramatically warming the atmosphere. The joint-hottest year ever recorded was 2010, according to Nasa. The best scientific prediction is that we are now on course for a 3 feet rise in global sea levels this century. Goodbye London, Cairo, Bangkok, Venice and Shanghai. So where does Ecuador come in? At the tip of this South American country, there lies 4,000 square miles of rainforest where the Amazon basin, the Andes mountains and the equator come together. It is the most diverse place on earth. When scientists studied a single hectare of it, they found it had more different species of trees that the whole of North America put together. It holds the world records for different species of amphibeans, reptiles and bats. And - more importantly - this rainforest is a crucial part of the planets lungs, inhaling huge amounts of heat-trapping gases and keeping them out of the atmosphere. Yet almost all the pressure from the outside world today is to cut it down. Why? Because underneath that rainforest, there is almost a billion barrels of untapped oil, containing 400 million tons of planet-cooking gases. The oil beneath the rainforest is worth about 7 billion dollars. Ecuador's democratic government says that, if the rest of the world offers just half of what the oil is worth - 3.5 billion dollars - they will keep the rainforest standing and alive and working for us all. In a country where 38% live in poverty and 13% are on the brink of starvation, it's an incredibly generous offer and one that is popular in the rainforest itself. No country with oil has ever done anything like this before. Not a single one has ever considered leaving it in the ground because the consequences of digging it up are too disastrous. They first made this offer in 2006. Chile has offered $100,000. Spain has offered $1.4million. Germany initially offered $50million, then pulled out. Now Mr Carrea is warning they can't wait forever in a country where 13% are close to starving. If they do not have $100million in the pot by the end of this year, he says, they will have no choice but to pursue Plan B - the digging and destruction of the rainforest." What the idiots in power in the world do not realise is that a 25 feet by 25 feet grass lawn will provide enough oxygen for a person per year. A car travelling 60 miles consumes the same volume of oxygen as a mature beech tree produces in a year. Every person in the UK travels by car, bus or public transport and they therefore consume more oxygen per year than the property they own or the country they live in can create. We get our oxygen from outside the United Kingdom. We owe over 900 billion pounds and now we are lending more than 3.5 billion dollars to Greece, Ireland and Portugal. We are spending £800,000 on dropping 1 missile on Libya and last month we were involved in 3 wars costing more that £3.5 billion a year. UNFORTUNATELY THE GOVERNMENT IS NOT INTERESTED IN THE FACT THAT WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO BREATHE FAIRLY SOON. Since no government will do it, perhaps you as the individual reading this could send £1 a month by standing order to the Ecuador Embassy in your country, so that President Carrea can carry out Plan A rather than Plan B. |
Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Wildflowers with Blue Flowers |
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Wildflower Common Plant Name Click on Underlined Text Flower Photo Flowers Photo Foliage Photo Form Photo
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Flowering Months Click on Underlined Text |
Habitat Click on Underlined Text
Native in:- |
Number of Petals Without Petals. |
Foliage Colour |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, |
Comment Click on Underlined Botanical Name
See illustration
Botanical Name |
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Alpine Clematis Non-Wildflower Garden Escape |
Apr-May |
This early spring flowering clematis is ideal for a north- or east-facing site. Given suitable support it may be grown on its own or allowed to scramble through a strong shrub or tree. |
5 Petals |
Mid-Green |
120 x 60 |
Page 151 |
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Jul-Aug |
A perennial herb found in two contrasting habitats: heavily-grazed limestone grassland on base-rich well-drained soils in the Pennines, and both on and below mica-schist ledges on ungrazed cliffs in Perthshire, often in open communities. |
5 Petals |
Mid green |
10 x 12 Borage Family |
Myosotis alpestris Repro-duction is by seed. Grows best in rock crevices and scree gardens in full sun or part shade needing a gritty soil that retains moisture Page 155 |
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Alpine Sow-Thistle (Alpine Blue Sow-thistle, Blue Sow Thistle) |
Composite flower head is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide and is made up of individual violet-blue flowers |
A tall perennial of ledges inaccessible to grazing animals on moist, predominantly N.-facing acidic rocks, often where there is late snow-lie. |
More than 6 |
Mid-Green |
32 x 6 Daisy Catsears Family |
Deer, reindeer and elk eat it. Page 158 |
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Alpine Speedwell |
Dark blue Flowers in small terminal cluster |
This small montane perennial herb typically occurs in areas of late snow-lie in open, often rocky, places on well-drained but slightly moist ground. It grows on both acidic and calcareous substrates. |
4 |
Bluish-green, oval, scarcely toothed, unstalked |
6 x 4 Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica alpina |
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Alpine Squill Garden escape in southern England Flowers from Wikimedia Commons |
Mar-Jun Bright blue, rarely pink or white, starlike in a loose cluster |
Habitat in grassland, scrub, or woods, also on mountains. |
6 |
2 linear, channelled, basal leaves. Foliage will disappear by summer as the plant goes dormant. |
3-6 x 3-4 Lily Family |
Scilla bifolia Page 158 |
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Apple-of-Peru |
Jun-Oct Blue or pale violet with white throat, bell-shaped, opening only for a few hours |
Very poisonous. Habitat in bare and waste places, waysides. Propagation: by seeds sown 0.125 inches (3mm) deep in pots or boxes of light soil in 55F (13C) in March, trans-planting seedlings 36 inches (90cm) apart outdoors in ordinary soil in May; or by sowing seed in sunny position outdoors in April, trans-planting seedlings in June. |
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Leaves pointed oval, toothed or lobed. |
18-24 x Night |
Nicandra physalodes Page 156 Full Sun in open borders. |
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Arctic Bellflower, Arctic harebell It is distributed in arctic North America, including the Rocky Mountains and Greenland, in the Asian part of Beringia and in Iceland, Svalbard, the Scandes Mountains and Novaja Zemlja. |
Jun-Oct Nodding, solitary, bell-shaped, blue, purple |
Habitat in Mountains, arctic heaths. Occurring most often among other forbs, graminoids, and dwarf shrubs on slopes and ledges with meadow or heath vegetation. The growth sites are usually well drained with mixed soils and circumneutral or basic soil reaction (pH). Tends to occupy moderately exposed locations with slight to moderate snow cover. Not much grazed by reindeer or geese. |
Petals joined, with 5 lobes |
Pointed, dark green. |
2-4 x 2 Bellflower Family |
Campanula uniflora Page 157 Used and attracted by humming-birds - not sure there are many of those in the UK. |
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Autumn Squill Flowers |
Jul-Oct |
A bulbous perennial herb of open, drought-prone grasslands and heathy vegetation in rocky or sandy places near the sea; also on terrace gravels in the lower Thames valley. Dry pastures, usually near the sea, in Southern England |
5 |
Narrow linear mid green leaves are produced in the Spring but die back before the flowers emerge. |
5 x 4 Lily Family |
Scilla autumnalis Full Sun with well-drained soil. Plant 3 inches deep and 4 inches (10cm) apart. Pages 138 and 158 |
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Bavarian Gentian (Gentiana bavarica) native to European Alps not the UK |
Jul-Sep Dark blue, tubular |
Damp Grass, Marshes. Avoid lime, with full sun in the rock garden. |
5 |
4 x 4 4 inches is the spacing between plants not the width of the plant Gentian Family |
Gentiana bavarica Page 153 |
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Bitter Vetch |
Apr-Jul |
A perennial herb of moist, infertile neutral and acidic soils in heathy meadows, lightly grazed pastures, grassy banks and open woodlands; also on stream banks and rock ledges in the uplands. |
5 sepals and 5 petals |
Green |
12 x 8 Peaflower Vetches/Peas Family |
Lathyrus montanus (Lathyrus linifolius) Pages 105 and 151 |
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Bearded Bellflower |
Jun-Aug Pale blue, with long white hairs inside, in one-sided cluster; sepals in 2 rows. Thrives in well-drained loam in the rock garden or in the mixed border. |
Short, tufted, bristly. Woods, grassy places, in mountains. |
5 |
Wavy-edged hairy basal leaves, few on stem. |
In high mountains in its native land of France, switzerland and Italy, it is sometimes only about 6 inches (15 cm) high Bellflower Family |
Campanula barbata Page 157 |
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Bladder Gentian |
May-Aug Narrow petal tube, dark blue |
Annual Damp grass, bogs, heaths, stony slopes and hollows. |
5 |
Basal rosette of leaves. |
10 x 2 Gentian Family |
Gentiana utricolosa Page 153 See photo |
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Blue Anemone (Apennine Anemone, Windflower) is |
A rhizomatous perennial, found in woodland, open scrub, under park trees, in churchyards and near former habitations. Like the native A. nemorosa, it requires light shade |
9 Petals |
Green |
6-9 x 6
Buttercup Family |
Blue Anemone on Page 151 Can also be grown in pots on your windowsill, balcony or garden table. The plant does well under deciduous trees, alongside hedges and in shady pots around ponds. |
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Bluebell |
Dark Blue |
In woods, heaths, hedge banks. |
5 |
Keeled leaves with hooded tip |
Lily Family |
Hyacinth-oides Pages 64 for white flowers and 158 for blue flowers |
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Blue Bugle |
Apr-Aug Dark Blue |
Dry grassy in chalk pastures in Berkshire, stony places. It is suitable for the front of mixed borders, or for the margin of shrub beds, and also for naturalising. |
1 lipped flowers |
Stems often hairy, all round. |
6 x Mint section of |
Ajuga genevensis Page 155 |
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Blue-eyed Grass Flower |
Jun-Aug 2 terminal clusters of 2-4 dark blue starlike flowers with a yellow centre |
A cormous perennial herb found naturalised in meadows, pastures, amenity grasslands and on roadsides. It spreads vegetatively by means of rhizomes. |
Blue flowers, with 6 very pointed petals, closed in dull weather and so often hard to detect among herbage, in a small terminal cluster on a stiff winged leaf-like stem. |
Tuft of linear leaves all from roots |
6-10 x Iris Family |
Sis- Pge 158 |
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Blue-eyed Mary |
Feb-May Bright blue, 10mm across, in a loose cluster |
This creeping perennial - with blue flowers - is a garden escape or outcast which has become naturalised in woodland and along lanes. |
5 |
Short, mat-forming, spreads with rooting runners. |
Borage Family |
Page 155 Often mistaken for Forget-me-not of which it is a relative. |
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Blue Hound's-tongue (Cynoglossum creticum) is toxic to stock in Australia |
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So it may have blue flowers, but there is no point in growing a plant whose seed could travel and when its plant is grown could be toxic to stock. |
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Flower |
Blue up to 0.5 inches in diameter in June-August followed by fruits 5-8-veined. |
In arable fields in the South and West of England |
5 |
Pointed oval dark green unstalked leaves, usually in pairs but sometimes, especially later in the year, in whorls. |
Primrose Family |
Anagallis foemina Page 152 |
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Water Speedwell Flowers |
Erect dense spikes of pale blue flowers with tiny narrow pointed leaf-like bracts at their base |
An annual found on fertile substrates by rivers, streams and ponds, in ditches and in flooded clay- and gravel-pits. It grows as a vegetative plant submerged in shallow water, or as a flowering emergent, or as a terrestrial plant in marshy habitats and disturbed ground at the water`s edge. Reproduction is by seed and by rooted stem fragments. |
4 |
Pointed dark green leaves |
6-18 x Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Page 156 |
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Blue Woodruff Distributed in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. |
Apr-Jun Bright Blue |
Slender short annual, hairless. Weed of cultivation. |
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Leaves linear, blunt, in whorls of 6-9. |
Bedstraw Family |
Asperula arvensis Page 153 |
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Borage (Common Borage) |
Deep Blue, 0.75 inches diameter |
An annual occurring as a casual garden escape on roadsides and waste ground. It also arises from bird-seed and as a relic of cultivation as a minor crop. It is rarely naturalised. |
5 |
Leaves, large, ovate, hispid |
Borage Family |
Borago officinalis Page 154 |
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Breck Speedwell (Breckland Speedwell) |
Mar-Jun Dark Blue |
An annual found naturalised on free-draining sandy soils, usually where there is regular disturbance. Habitats include the edges of arable fields, on tracks, sandy banks, and open rough grassland. Very rare in arable fields in the Breckland. |
Stem erect; leaves conspic-uously dentate. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica praecox Page 156 |
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Brooklime |
4 petal, dark blue |
This robust perennial herb occurs on all but the most infertile substrates in a wide range of wetland habitats: in shallow water, by rivers, streams and ponds, in ditches, marshy hollows in pastures, flushes, wet woodland rides and rutted tracks. It thrives in fairly open habitats, competing poorly in dense stands of taller plants. Propagation is by seed and vegetatively from rooted stems. |
4 petals |
Light Green |
Height of 10 inches (25 cms). Depth 0-1 inches (0-10 cms) of water above soil level. Ideal for masking pool edges and it will grow in shady damp borders.
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica becca-bunga Page 156 It grows on the margins of brooks and ditches in Europe, North Africa, and north and western Asia. |
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Bugle |
Rich powder- Blue, sometimes pink or white, in leafy spike |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of damp deciduous woods and woodland rides, shaded places and unimproved grassland on neutral or acidic soils, sometimes occurring in flushed ground. |
Lipped |
Leaves often bronzy. |
6 x Mint section of Thyme 1 Family |
Ajuga reptans Page 155 |
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Bur Forget-me-not Native to Europe and Asia |
Jun-Aug Light blue flowers, 2-4 mm in a loose leafy spike |
Greyish annual/biennial, roughly hairy; well branched. Dry bare places, dunes and it thrives in overgrazed pastures. |
5 |
Green leaves lanceolate, unstalked. |
Borage Family |
Lappula squarrosa Page 154 Well known as a noxious weed. The seeds are dispersed when the prickles get caught on animal coats and human clothing, and when they are moved by wind. |
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Bristly Bellflower Native in Europe except far north. |
Jun-Aug Pale Blue, bell-shaped, grouped together |
Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks. It also flourishes in places where the soil has been disturbed such as after slash-and-burn, or after forest clearance or when coppicing has taken place. |
5 |
Winged leaf stalks half clasp stem. |
12-39 x Bellflower Family |
Campanula cervicaria Page 157 |
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May-Jul Intense Blue or sometimes bluish-white followed by small seed capsule |
Tightly-grazed chalk and limestone grassland |
4 Petals |
Light green lower leaves crowded into an irregular rosette from which the unbranched flowering stems arise |
7 x 3 Milkwort family |
Polygala calcarea. Polygala calcarea 'Lillet' has RHS Award of Garden Merit. |
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Changing Forget-me-not Flower |
May onwards Mature to Grey-blue, flowers |
An annual of open grassland and disturbed ground occurring in a wide range of habitats, including fen- and hay-meadows, pastures, moorland edges, marshes, dune-slacks, arable field margins, road verges, railway tracks, chalk- and gravel-pits, rocks and walls. |
5 Petal |
Light green and hairy |
Borage Family |
Myosotis discolor Page 155 |
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Chicory Flowers |
Flower-heads in twos and threes at the base of the leaves up the stem, an inch (2.5 cm) or more across, unstalked, with ray-florets only, light bright blue Dandelions. |
A perennial herb of roadsides, field margins and rough grassland on a wide range of soils. |
More than 6 |
It has tough stems, a few often long branches, unstalked lanceolate upper, and pinnately lobed lower leaves. |
12-36 x Daisy Thistle Family |
Cichorium intybus Page 158 |
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Hairless Blue Sow Thistle |
Jul-Sep |
This is a not too distant relative of the lettuce. It makes a rosette of long, basal leaves from which arises a tall, stout, branched stem carrying pretty blue daisy-like flowers. Where conditions suit it will self seed to the point of being a nuisance so it is advisable to cut off the spent flowers before the seed develops. Herbaceous perennial requires moist, acidic, sandy fertile soil. |
More than 6 See photo |
Green |
Daisy Catsears Family |
Cicerbita plumieri |
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Common Field Speedwell Flower |
Through-out the year
Sky-blue with darker veins, the lowest petal usually white, 8-12mm, solitary on long stalks at base of upper leaves; all year |
An annual of arable fields, other cultivated areas and waste ground, found on a wide range of fertile soils. It is self-fertile and seeds prolifically, the seeds forming a persistent seed bank and germinating throughout the year. It also spreads vegetatively from stem fragments. |
5 |
Leaves oval, short-stalked, pale green |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica persica Page 157 |
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Common globularia (Common Blue Daisy) Not a native of Great Britain, Ireland or Isle of Man. It has a very disjunct distribution: One population in the mountains of southern France and north-central and eastern Spain; and another population on the islands Öland and Gotland in the Baltic Sea. |
Apr-Jun Umbel of dark blue flowers 2-lipped, the upper lip very short, the lower 3-lobed |
Herbaceous Perennial in Dry grassy or stony places. |
... |
Oval, stalked basal leaves, narrower pointed unstalked stem leaves |
6-12 x Bellflower Family |
Globularia vulgaris Page 157 |
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Common Grape-hyacinth (Grape Hyacinth) |
A bulbous perennial herb on free-draining soils, native or long-naturalised in grasslands, hedgerows, pine plantations and rough ground, and on roadsides on a wide range of nutrient-poor soils. It is also a short-lived garden escape or outcast near habitation, on roadsides, allotments and waste ground. Lowland. |
6 |
3-6 linear bright green channeled leaves often red at base. |
Lily Family |
Muscari neglectum Page 158 Grassland for Muscari neglectum and Gardens for Garden Grape-hyacinth Muscari armeniacum |
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Common Lungwort Flower |
Mar-May Flowers in small terminal clusters, pink, often turning bluer; calyx with short broad teeth. |
A perennial herb, naturalised in woodlands and scrub, on banks and rough ground, and also occurring on rubbish tips and waste ground. |
5 |
Hairy and tufted. White blotches on green leaves |
Borage Family |
Pulmonaria officinalis Pages 124, 142 and 154 |
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May-Sep Blue, Pink or White followed by seed capsules |
A perennial herb which usually grows in short, moderately infertile neutral to basic grassland on banks, hill-slopes crags and sand dunes. It also occurs in acid grasslands, heaths and fen-meadows. Dry Grassland in Chalk soil throughout the British Isles |
3-5 True Petals |
Mid Green scattered leaves |
12 x 12 |
Polygala vulgaris Pages 49, 115 and 152 |
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Cornflower Flower |
Bright blue |
This formerly occurred as an annual weed of arable habitats. Since 1986 it has been recorded in very few arable fields, but it is now frequent in waste places, on roadsides and on rubbish tips as a casual arising from gardens and wild-flower seed mixtures. |
4-5 |
Narrow leaves, the upper unstalked and lanceolate, the lower stalked and pinnately lobed. |
12-24 x Daisy Thistle Family |
Centaurea cyanus Page 158 |
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Creeping Water Forget-me-not (Creeping Forget-me-not) |
Light Blue 0.2 inch (5mm), in spikes leafy below |
A stoloniferous annual to perennial herb found by streams and pools, in marshy pasture, moorland flushes and springs. It prefers acid peaty soils, and usually avoids calcareous soils. |
5 |
Numerous leafy runners, stems with hairs spreading below but adpressed above. |
Borage Family |
Myosotis secunda (Myosotis repens, Myosotis palustris), Myosotis scorpioides) Page 155 |
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Cross Gentian Native to France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Channel Isles, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark |
Jun-Sep Dull Blue, oblong, in tight clusters up the stem, petal-tube 4 lobed |
Perennial in dry grass places or open woods. |
6 |
Leaves oval to broad lanceolate, rather leathery, the upper clasping the stem, the lower stalked. |
Gentian Family |
Gentiana cruciata Page 153 |
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Cultivated Flax (Linseed Oil Plant, Flax, Common Flax) Flower |
Bright Blue flowers an inch (2.5 cms) across, the sepals pointed and shorter than the globular fruit |
A robust annual found on road verges, rubbish tips and waste ground and locally, rather surprisingly, on stone reservoir banks. It is also a moderately frequent bird-seed alien. |
5 |
Narrow lanceolate 3-veined green leaves |
9-18 x |
Page 152 |
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Early Forget-me-not Flowers |
April-June Sky-blue flowers, the corolla-tbe shorter than the longer-stalked calyx, whose longer teeth are spreading in fruit. |
An annual of open habitats or bare ground on dry, relatively infertile soils. It is found in chalk and limestone grassland, on sandy heaths and banks, stabilised dunes, the borders of sandy cultivated fields, railway tracks, rocks, walls, gravel-pits, quarry spoil and waste ground. |
5 |
Hairy green leaves |
Borage Family |
Myosotis hispida Page 155 |
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Field Forget-me-not (Common Forget-me-not) Flowers |
Grey-blue or pinkish, usually saucer-shaped flowers, the petal-like corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. Fruit-stalks longer than the calyx which has numerous spreading hooked hairs. |
An annual or biennial herb of open or disturbed ground, especially cultivated fields. Other habitats include woodland edges, open grassland, hedges, scrub, roadsides, walls and quarries. |
5 |
Softly hairy, with oblong leaves |
Borage Family |
Page 155 |
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Fingered Speedwell |
Small dark blue flowers with petal-like corolla-lobes shorter than the calyx, on slender stalks longer than the leaves and the calyx. Fruits round, notched, shorter than the calyx-lobes, with style little longer than the notch. |
Recently, this annual of sandy calcareous or slightly acidic soils has been found on the margins of arable fields and on sandy banks, but it was formerly also known from tracks, fallow fields, gravel-pits and waste ground. Regular disturbance is needed to maintain sufficient open ground for germination. |
4 |
Lower leaves stalked, with 1-7 narrow finger-like lobes. |
Figwort Family |
Veronica triphyllos very rare Page 156 |
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Flowers brilliant azure blue with a white eye, rarely pink or lilac, in erect spikes at the base of the well-toothed, pointed oval leaves, with short or no stalks. Fruits conspicuously hairy, broadly heart-shaped shorter than the pointed calyx-lobes. |
A stoloniferous perennial herb of woods, hedge banks, grassland, rock outcrops, upland screes, road verges, railway banks and waste ground, found on most soil types except the most impoverished. It also occurs on anthills on chalk downland. It spreads vegetatively by prostrate stems which root at the nodes; reproduction from seed appears to be comparatively rare. |
4 |
Hairs in 2 thick opposite lines down the stems, which are prostrate at the base. |
Figwort Family |
Veronica chamaedrys Page 156 |
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Green Alkanet Flowers |
Small stalked clusters of flat white-eyed, bright blue flowers, at the base of the broad, pointed oval, net-veined leaves, the lower stalked. |
This erect perennial herb is mostly found near habitation in lightly shaded habitats, including waste ground, roadside-banks, hedgerows, scrub and woodland, but it also grows on riversides. It reproduces prolifically from seed and can be very invasive. |
5 |
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12-24 x Borage Family |
Pentaglottis semper-virens (Anchusa semper-virens) Page 154 |
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Green Field Speedwell |
March onwards Pale blue , 4-8 mm, flowers. Fruits with style still shorter, hardy or not longer than the notch. White lower petal
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This spring-germinating annual is a colonist of cultivated land, waysides, gardens and allotments. It prefers soils which are well-drained and acidic, occurring on calcareous substrates only when there is surface leaching. |
4 |
Oval leaves, toothed, short-stalked |
Figwort Family |
Veronica agrestis Page 157 |
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Grey Field Speedwell |
March onwards Uniform dark blue. Fruits as broad as long. |
An annual of cultivated fields and gardens, typically growing on light, sandy, often calcareous soils. |
4 |
Leaves grey-green |
Figwort Family |
Veronica polita Page 157 |
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Harebell Flowers |
Flowers blue, nodding, in a loose truss. |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of dry, open, infertile habitats including grassland, fixed dunes, rock ledges, roadsides and railway banks. It tolerates a wide range of soil pH, being found on both mildly acidic and calcareous substrates, and heavy-metal tolerant races are known. |
5 |
Small roundish root-leaves that usually wither early, with linear stem-leaves, the upper unstalked. |
Bellflower Family |
Pages 137 and 157 |
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Heath Dog Violet Seed Pods |
Blue with yellowspur followed by seed pods |
Perennial with stems decumbent to erect, solitary to many together from a short creeping rhizome. A perennial herb of a variety of acid habitats, including heaths, coastal dunes, stony riversides and lake shores, especially in Scotland. It can also occur on thin, heavily leached substrates overlying chalk and (as subsp. montana) in fens. |
5 |
Has no central non-flowering rosette of leaves, which are heart-shaped, but are thick, dark and distinctly long than broad. |
12 x 12 Violet Family |
Viola canina Dry Turf on sandy Fens, woods and hedgebanks on calcareous (chalk) soils throughout the UK. |
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Heath Milkwort |
Gentian-blue or Slate Blue followed by seed capsule. |
A perennial herb occurring on acidic soils in grasslands, moors, heaths and mires. 0-1035 m (Ben Lawers, Mid Perth). This plant is food for the Small Purple-barred Phytometra viridaria moth. |
5-sepalled, the 2 inner large and petal-like on either side of the 3 true petals, which are joined at the base |
Dark green with lower leaves opposite |
6 x 6 Milkwort family |
Polygala serpyllifolia |
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Ivy-leaved Bellflower Flowers |
An extremely delicate hairless low creeping, pale green perennial with small pale blue bell-shaped flowers, on hairlike stalks longed than the stalked, somewhat ivy-shaped leaves. flowers |
A small, low-growing perennial herb found in damp, wet or boggy places on acidic soils, occurring on heaths, heathy pastures, moors, open woodland and Salix carr, and by streams and in flushes. In Ireland, it is most frequent beside streams and is absent from pastures. It prefers areas with moving, rather than standing, water. |
5 |
Ivy-shaped , palmately lobed, stalked leaves |
Bellflower Family |
Wahlen-bergia hederacea Page 157 |
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Ivy-leaved Speedwell (Ivy Speedwell) |
A prostrate hairy annual, with small, pale lilac flowers |
An annual of cultivated and waste ground, woodland rides, hedge banks, walls, banks and gardens, found on sandy, loam or clay soils. V. hederifolia seeds freely, with germination in spring or autumn. |
4 petal-like lobes |
Roundish ivy-like leaves, the middle of whose 3-5 lobes is the largest. |
Figwort Family |
Veronica hederifolia Pages 135 and 157 |
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Jacob's-Ladder (Greek Valerian) |
A beautiful perennial, with spikes of wide open, inch-wide (2.5 cm) bright blue flowers, brown at the base |
A clump-forming perennial herb, largely restricted as a native to steep but stabilised limestone screes, usually in partial shade, but also found on andesite debris and river-cliffs in Northumberland. It is confined to sites where the soil remains moist. Alien populations occur along hedgerows, on river banks and in other places near habitation. |
5 petal-like corolla-lobes |
Alternate pinnate leaves, the leaflets narrow |
Jacobs Ladder Family 12-24 x |
Polemonium caeruleum Page 153 |
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Larkspur (Rocket Larkspur, Annual Delpinium) is |
July onwards. Blue, white or rose-blue flowers |
An annual species found on waste ground, rubbish tips and in cultivated fields. As an arable weed it usually occurs on dry soils in chalky or sandy areas. |
4 Within the sepals are four true petals, small, incon-spicuous, and commonly colored similarly to the sepals. |
Mid Green |
12-18 x Buttercup family |
Delphinium orientale All 200 Delphinium species are poisonous owing to the presence of alkaloids of which the most commonly occuring is delphinin. |
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Love-in-a-mist, Non-Wildflower Garden Escape |
Jul-Sep |
Grows on Wasteland. Used as bedding in Gardens - 'Miss Jekyll', 'Miss Jekyll Alba' (2 of its cultivars) |
Light Green |
8-20 x 9 |
Page 151 |
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Marsh Gentian
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July-September A striking flower, whose 1-2 inch (2.5-5 cm) azure trumpets, streaked with green outside, reasemble those of the well known alpine and rock garden Gentiana acaulis. |
A long-lived perennial herb of damp acidic grassland and wet heaths, usually on relatively enriched soils, and often where there is seasonal movement of surface water. The opening up of the habitat by grazing or occasional light burning favours this species by promoting flowering. |
5 |
Opposite linear green leaves |
12 x Gentian Family |
Gentiana pneumo-nanthe Page 153 |
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Marsh Pea |
Bluish-purple, 12-20mm wide flowers. Pods black. |
A perennial herb of base-rich fens, reed-beds and fen-meadows; also, rarely, on marshy ground by rivers. |
... |
Dark green |
18-36 x Peaflower Vetches/Peas Family |
Lathyrus palustris |
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Marsh Speedwell Flower |
Few whitish fowers on long stalks in alternate open spikes up the stem. |
This perennial herb is found in a wide range of wetland habitats, including pond and lake margins, marshes, fens and fen-meadows, wet grassland, hillside flushes, bogs and wet heath, often on acidic soils. It occurs in both open habitats and amongst tall vegetation. |
4 |
Dark green, minutely toothed, and often olive-brown. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica scutellata Pages 126 and 156 |
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Meadow Clary
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Prominent whorled spikes of fine bright violet-blue open-mouthed flowers |
A long-lived perennial herb of unimproved grassland, lane-sides, road verges and disturbed ground on well-drained soils overlying chalk and limestone. It is occasionally established from gardens or as a casual in waste places. |
... |
Long narrow, bluntly toothed wrinkled leaves, chiefly at the base. |
12-24 x Thyme 2 Family |
Salvia pratensis Pages 125 and 156 |
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Meadow Crane's-bill |
Bright blue flowers, slightly tinged violet and over an inch (2.5 cm) across, on long stalks. |
A perennial herb of rough grassland on verges, railway banks and streamsides, and in damp hay meadows and lightly grazed pastures, mainly on calcareous soils. |
Cranes-bills have 5 petals, 5 sepals often ending in a bristle, and prominent stamens. |
Stems often reddish, long-stalked green leaves very deeply lobed and cut. |
12-24 x Geranium Family |
Geranium pratense Page 151 Cranesbills fruits have 5 segments curling upwards from the base when ripe, and end in a long pointed beak, whence the name'crane's bill'. |
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Oyster Plant (Sea Lungwort) |
Clusters of attractive purplish-blue flowers.
The stem and leaves of this perennial are covered with bloom like that on a plum. The plant grows along the ground. The leaves are thick, with dots on the upper surface. |
A perennial herb, usually found on gravelly beaches and shingle but sometimes on sand. It can also colonise earth and rocks tipped at the coast (Randall, 1988). Seeds can survive prolonged immersion in sea water, and dispersion in sea currents enables colonisation of new, but sometimes transient, sites. |
6 |
A prostrate mat-forming hairless grey fleshy perennial, with thick oval leaves tasting of oysters. Very scarce and decreasing during 1978 on coastal shingle in Scotland; very rare elsewhere in the North. |
6 x Borage Family |
Mertensia maritimum (Mertensia maritima) Page 154 |
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May-June Pale greyish-violet flowers followed by seed capsule |
Only on heaths in South-West England. Heathland, open habitats including patchy grassland, tracksides, areas kept open by grazing or rotational burning and other disturbed ground |
5 |
Dark Green triangular-lanceolate at the base |
6 x 6 |
Viola lactea Page 152 |
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Wildflowers with Blue Flowers continued below and in the table on the left. |
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Some of the above are detailed in:-
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Ivydene Gardens Blue Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
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Wildflowers with Blue Flowers |
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Wildflower Common Plant Name Click on Underlined Text
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Flowering Months Click on Underlined Text |
Habitat Click on Underlined Text |
Number of Petals Without Petals. |
Foliage Colour |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) (1 inch = 2.5 cms, |
Comment Click on Underlined Botanical Name
See illustration |
Pyramidal Bugle (Limestone Bugle) |
Pyramidal bluish spikes of blue-violet flowers, shorter than the topmost leaves; a shy flowerer |
A perennial herb of free-draining slopes, rock crevices and shallow peat in open heathland and grassland overlying moderately acidic, or occasionally neutral or basic, soils. Reproduction is mainly from seed, which is long-lived and often germinates after disturbance. |
2-lipped and open-mouthed |
Stems hairy all round, root-leaves hairy |
6 x Thyme 2 Family |
Ajuga pyramidalis Page 155 Elusive on limestone rocks in North Scotland and around Galway Bay. |
Pyrenean Columbine, Granny's Bonnet |
Bright Blue or Lilac. |
This small alpine herb is naturalised only on rock-ledges at the head of Caenlochan Glen, Angus, at an altitude of c. 900 m. It is a very rare casual elsewhere.
Since it is native to France and the Pyrenees and not to Britain, there will be no further details or linkages for this plant. |
5 Petals |
Blue-green |
6-12 x |
Aquilegia pyrenaica This species prefer pastures and rocky places. Suitable for Rock Garden. This species is native to France and the Pyrenees. It was introduced into cultivation in Britain in 1818, and in 1895, it was planted on rock ledges in Caenlochan Glen in Angus, Scotland, where it became naturalised. It has also appeared at Doncaster Sheffield Airport in 1986 as a casual arrival. |
Rampion Bellflower |
Erect violet bell-shaped flowers, occasionally white |
A perennial herb found naturalised in rough grassland and on roadsides, railway banks and in quarries. It also occurs as a relic of cultivation. Reproduction is from seed and rhizome fragments. |
5 Petals |
Tall, unbr-anched. Basal leaves oval. Has a thick fleshy root and milky juice. |
36 x Bellflower Family |
Pages 60 and 157. |
Rock Speedwell |
Small loose terminal leafy pikes of rich dark Blue flowers with reddish centre |
A small, rather woody perennial, restricted to calcareous substrates and occurring on dry open slopes and rock ledges on crags, in sites which are usually South-facing and inaccessible to grazing animals. |
4 Petals |
Short, tufted, woody base, branched. It has small, toothed, pointed oval, unstalked leaves. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica fruticans Page 156 |
Rough Comfrey Flower |
June onwards Rose changing to Blue flowers, red in bud |
A tall perennial herb, naturalised in rough and waste ground. Tallest and prickliest of our UK comfreys. |
5 Petals |
Tall, sturdy, rough. Oblong, pointed leaves. |
36-72 x Borage Family |
Symphytum asperum Pages 124 and 154. |
Scarlet Pimpernel
|
Star-shaped flowers vermilion, with a purple eye, but sometimes pink, flesh, maroon, lilac or blue. |
A procumbent or ascending glabrous annual or perennial with quadrangular stems on cultivated land, by roadsides and on sand dunes throughout the British Isles |
5 Petals |
Pointed oval dark green unstalked leaves, usually in pairs but sometimes, especially later in the year, in whorls. Black-dotted underneath the leaves. |
12 x 6 Primrose family |
Anagallis arvensis Pages 105 and 152 |
Flower |
Globular in umbels, spiny flower heads of powder blue and mauve, with broad spiny bracts in July-August followed by fruits covered with hooked papillae (papillae = small elongated projections) |
Stiff, hairless, creeping widely, also intense glaucous glabrous and branched perennial occurring mainly on incipient and mobile sand dunes and occasionally on shingle around the coasts of the British Isles north to Shetland. |
5 notched Petals, 5 pointed Sepals, and 5 free stamens, chara-cteristic of the Parsley family. |
Spiny, leathery bluish-green leaves with white edges and veins, with the lowest leaves being broad, prickly, 3 lobed, and, like the rest of the plant, covered with a bloom. |
18 x 36 (45 x 90) Umbellifer family |
Eryngium maritimum Page 152 |
Sheep's-bit (Sheepsbit, Flower |
Soft Lilac Blue flowers in a rounded head, rarely pink or white, supported by ruff of bracts. On cliffs it has a stout, stiffly erect, leass branched stem than on open poor soil up to 12 inches (30 cms) high, with stout flower heads. |
A biennial herb of acidic, shallow, well-drained soils. It occurs on sea-cliffs, in maritime grasslands and heaths and on stabilised sand dunes, and inland on heathland, stone walls, hedge banks and railway cuttings. Propagation is by seed and disturbed, open sites and recently burnt ground are frequently colonised. |
5 narrow petals |
Short, hairy. Leafless upper stem. |
12 x Bellflower Family |
Page 157 |
Skullcap |
Blue-violet flowers in pairs up the leafy stem, 0.5 inches (1.25 cm) long, with a slight curved corolla-tube much longer than the blunt calyx. |
A perennial herb associated with a variety of wetland habitats including ponds, rivers, canals, marshes, fens, fen-meadows, wet woodland and dune-slacks. It also grows on coastal boulder beaches in Scotland. |
... |
Short-stalked, bluntly toothed lanceolate leaves. |
6-12 x Thyme 1 Family |
Scutellaria galericulata Page 155 |
Snow Gentian in USA |
Jul-Aug Intense blue flowers |
This is an annual or biennial herb of calcareous soils, most populations occurring in grazed herb-rich grassland. It is found on rock ledges, vegetated screes and adjacent slopes. |
5 |
Often unbranched. |
1-4 x Gentian Family |
Gentiana nivalis Page 153 |
Spiked Speedwell |
July onwards Flowers small, intense blue, with prominent stamens, short-stalked, in long dense terminal spikes. |
A perennial herb of well-drained, nutrient-poor soils. In East Anglia, subsp. spicata usually grows on acidic to base-rich sandy soils in open, shortly-grazed grassland. Elsewhere, subsp. hybrida grows in thin soils on base-rich cliffs, grassland and rocks. |
4 |
Leaves slightly toothed, the lower oval, stalked and often in a rosette, the upper narrower and unstalked. Tufted, often forming mats. |
4-12 x Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica spicata Page 157 |
Spring Gentian |
April-Jun Intense blue flowers, nearly an inch (2.5 cm) across), solitary on short erect stems an inch or 2 (2.5 or 5 cm) high. |
A perennial herb of open, often stony, limestone grassland and calcareous glacial drift. It is also found on hummocks in calcareous flush communities, and in Ireland also on limestone pavement and fixed dunes. |
5 |
Rosette of small oval leaves. |
Gentian Family |
Gentiana verna Page 153 |
Spring Speedwell |
Small short-stalked blue flowers. |
An annual of infertile sandy soils, occurring in short grassland and uncultivated, sometimes stony, places including rabbit warrens. V. verna does not occur on cultivated land, but depends on intensive grazing by sheep or rabbits to keep its habitat open. |
4 |
... |
1 x Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica verna Page 156 |
Spring Squill |
A bulbous perennial herb of short turf and maritime heath on exposed cliff-tops and on rocky slopes near the sea, sometimes within the zone regularly affected by sea-water spray. In areas with a pronounced oceanic climate (e.g. Anglesey) it can occur on heathland well inland. |
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Lily Family |
Scilla verna Page 158 |
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Mountain Speedwell |
A low perennial herb with creeping and rooting stems. It is widespread in both natural and artificial habitats, including woodland rides, grassland, heaths, flushes, damp rock ledges, cultivated land, lawns, waste ground and damp paths. |
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Figwort - Speedwells Family |
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Tufted Forget-me-not |
June onwards |
An annual or biennial herb of wet ground, often growing in open places trampled by livestock or where there has been other disturbance. It occurs in marshes, fen-meadows, rush-pastures, and by lakes, ponds, canals, rivers and streams. |
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Borage Family |
Myosotis caespitosa |
Variegated Monkshood is |
The violet flowers with hood, blue and black = This Spanish - Las flores de color violeta con capucha, de color azul y negro. |
A perennial with annually renewed tuberous rhizomes, found established in damp places on a range of soils, usually in shaded sites or in tall vegetation. Its habitats are more varied than those of other Aconitum taxa and include damp roadsides and pastures, waste ground and moist woodland. |
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A biennial of grassy and disturbed habitats on well-drained soils. It is found in bare places on chalk and limestone downs, on heaths, in quarries and chalk-pits, in cultivated and waste land, along railways and roadsides, and by the coast on cliffs, sand dunes and shingle. |
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Borage Family |
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Wall Speedwell |
March onwards |
An annual of cultivated land, open grassland, heaths, sand dunes, gravelled paths and tracks, waste ground, banks, walls and pavements, usually on dry soils. In closed grassland it may be restricted to anthills. Seed remains viable in the soil for several years. |
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Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Veronica arvensis |
Creeping Water Forget-me-not |
A stoloniferous annual to perennial herb found by streams and pools, in marshy pasture, moorland flushes and springs. It prefers acid peaty soils, and usually avoids calcareous soils. |
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Borage Family |
Myosotis secunda |
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Wild Lupin |
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Native in North-East Asia and North-West America. Introduced into Scotland - naturalized beside rivers in several parts of Scotland. |
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Peaflower Family |
Lupinus nootkatensis |
Wood Forget-me-not |
An erect biennial or perennial herb growing as a native, at least in England, on damp, fertile soils in woodland and rocky grassland. It is much more widespread in a wider range of habitats as a garden escape. |
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Borage Family |
The following table is from |
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The plants in the following rows come from lists in The Scented Flowers of Britain - A guide to all British plants with scented flowers, leaves, stems of roots - their history and their uses by Roy Genders (ISBN 0 00 211796 7) Published in 1971 Common Name |
Botanical Name |
Scented Flower, Foliage or Root Index |
Deciduous Woodlands |
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Angular Solomon's Seal |
Angular Solomon's Seal is |
The greenish-white flowers are tubular. They have a powerful sweet scent and are followed by black globose fruits. In bloom Jun-Jul. Lily Family. A rhizomatous, perennial herb of ancient Fraxinus woods, often growing in crevices and on outcrops of limestone. Graphic of Echtes Salomonssiegel (Polygonatum odoratum). By Kristian Peters -- Fabelfroh 15:29, 14 May 2005 (UTC) via Wikimedia Commons. |
Apple Mint (Round-leaved Mint) |
Apple mint (round-leaved mint) is |
Apple mint is cultivated as a culinary herb and is used in the production of mint sauce and jelly. A rhizomatous perennial herb of damp places. It is probably native only in South-West England and Wales, and elsewhere occurs as a garden escape, often forming extensive colonies on roadsides and waste ground. Apple scented white flowers in Aug-Sep. Graphic of Mentha suaveolens - Place:Osaka,Japan. By I, KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons. |
Barberry is |
Flies and bees. Red berries produced in September-October, which are eaten by the birds, who also use them for nest-sites. Bright lemon-yellow flowers in May-Jun. BARBERRY Family. Use as a deciduous shrub in hedgerows and coppices, and on banks, cliffs and waste ground in deciduous woodlands. Use as external hedge where the sharp spines on the twigs and the sharply toothed leaves act as an animal or human deterrent. Its deleterious effect on wheat crops was appreciated before it was known to be a host of the rust Puccinia graminis and consequently eradicated from many hedgerows in the 19th century. |
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Bird cherry |
Prunus padus |
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birdsnest orchid |
neottia nidus-avis |
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black currant |
ribes nigrum |
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black poplar |
populus nigra |
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bluebell |
Bluebell is |
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box |
Topiary and hedges because of its small leaves, evergreen nature, tolerance of close shearing, and scented foliage. An evergreen shrub or small tree, native to woodlands and thickets on steep slopes on chalk, and in scrub on chalk downland. It is popular for hedging in gardens and is often planted in woodlands, often becoming naturalised. |
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butterfly orchid |
platanthera chlorantha |
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Columbine |
Columbine is |
Native populations of this perennial are found on calcareous soil over limestone rocks in England and Wales. It typically grows in woodland glades and open scrub, by woodland rides and streamsides, in damp grassland and fen, and on scree slopes. Garden escapes can be naturalised in quarries, on roadsides, railway banks and old walls. Visited by long-tongued humble-bees for pollen and nectar. A local plant of woods and wet places on calcareous soil or fen peat. |
common st john's wort |
hypericum perfoliatum |
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common valerian |
valeriana officinalis |
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The Early Purple Orchis |
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ground ivy |
glechoma hederacea |
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guelder rose |
viburnum opulus |
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herb bennet |
geum urbanum |
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herb paris |
paris quadrifolia |
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honeysuckle |
lonicera periclymenum |
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lady's slipper |
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lily of the valley |
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lizard orchid |
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mezeron |
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Oregon grape |
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privet |
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ramsons |
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red dead-nettle |
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red helleborine |
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roast-beef plant |
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rowan |
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snowdrop |
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spurge-laurel |
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Stinking Hellebore (Bear's-foot) |
Stinking Hellebore (Bear's-foot) is Helleborus foetidus
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Trimethylamine is present in the flowers, which gives off an unpleasant smell to attract midges and bluebottles for their pollination. Visited by early bees and other insects. Seeds said to be dispersed by ants. Compounds of sulphur are present and the whole plant emits a most unpleasant smell, especially when handled, hence its country name of Stinking Hellebore. A short-lived perennial herb of shallow calcareous soils. It is a poor competitor, and intolerant of deep shade, so is usually found in small colonies in woodland glades or open scrub, on scree slopes, rock ledges, hedge banks, and as an introduction in churchyards. Adult plants near senescence (4-5 years old) are typically found with a cohort of seedlings. Woods and scrub on chalk and limestone in Southern England. |
summer lady's tresses |
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sweet violet |
Sweet Violet is |
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turkscap lily |
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tutsan |
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wild angelica |
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wild daffodil |
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wild tulip |
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woodland hawthorn |
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Coniferous Woodlands |
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creeping lady's tresses |
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heath bedstraw |
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lesser butterfly orchid |
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st olafs candlestick |
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scots pine |
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twinflower |
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Hedgerows |
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agrimony |
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black horehound |
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bladder campion |
Bladder Campion is |
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crab apple |
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chervil |
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crosswort |
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dog rose |
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dog's mercury |
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dogwood |
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field rose |
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fragrant agrimony |
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garlic mustard |
Garlic Mustard is |
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hairy st john's wort |
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hawthorn |
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hedge woundwort |
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hoary plantain |
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holly |
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hop |
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horsemint |
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Wild Arum |
Arum maculatum |
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mugwort |
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musk mallow |
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parsley |
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pear |
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peppermint |
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perfoliate honeysuckle |
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pink masterwort |
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spearmint |
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sweet cicely |
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sweet violet |
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sweetbriar |
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Traveller's Joy |
Traveller's Joy |
Visited by pollen-collecting bees and pollen-eating flies, especially Syrphids. A climbing perennial with liana-like woody stems, often covering large areas on hedge banks, hedges and walls, trees and scrub, sand dunes, disused quarry faces and ruins. It is a classic railway plant. On base-rich soils, or utilising lime mortar, the plant can form virtual monocultures. In hedgerows, thickets and wood-margins chiefly on calcareous rocks or soils. The climbing Clematises most commonly grown in British gardens, with large violet to purple flowers, are hybrids of the Chinese Clematis lanuginosa with the Southern European Clematis viticella (Clematis x jackmanii Th. Moore), or with the Chinese Clematis patens (Clematis x lawsoniata Moore & Jackman). The viticella hybrids are later-flowering than the patens hybrids, and have usually only 4 sepals instead of 6-8. Clmatis montana DC, and Asiatic species, is also much grown for its profusion of smallish white or pink flowers. When the plant has finished flowering, the developing seeds (known as achenes – an achene is a one seeded fruit) retain part of the flower – the style. This has long, silky hairs, which form the grey tufted balls that are so conspicuous in some woodlands and hedgerows in autumn and winter. These are, indeed, the ‘old man’s beard’. These silky structures are important in the dispersal of the seeds. |
wayfaring tree |
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white campion |
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white dead-nettle |
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The Wild Strawberry |
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woodruff |
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yellow archangel |
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Meadows and Cornfields |
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Autumn lady's tresses |
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cambridge parsley |
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clary |
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common star of bethlehem |
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corn chamomile |
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corn mint |
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corn parsley |
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creeping thistle |
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elecampane |
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field bindweed |
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field scabious |
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fritillary |
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golden chervil |
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meadowsweet |
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night-flowering catchfly |
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Ox-Eye Daisy |
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum |
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pennyroyal |
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pepper saxifrage |
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Red clover |
Red Clover is Trifolium pratense |
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spring crocus |
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stinking chamomile |
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sweet vernal grass |
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White clover |
White Clover is Trifolium repens |
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yarrow |
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Downlands, dry banks and mountainous slopes |
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Balm |
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bastard balm |
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breckland wild thyme |
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burnt-tip orchid |
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cheddar pink |
Cheddar Pink is |
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chives |
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common calamint |
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corsican mint |
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creeping rest-harrow |
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frog orchid |
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green-winged orchid |
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hay-scented buckler fern |
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herb robert |
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juniper |
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lady orchid |
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lady's bedstraw |
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large wild thyme |
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lesser evening primrose |
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man orchid |
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marjoram |
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meadow sage |
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moschatel |
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musk orchid |
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nottingham catchfly |
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purple hawkweed |
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pyramidal orchid |
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rigid buckler fern |
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salad burnet |
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scented orchid |
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slender st john's wort |
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small white orchid |
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smooth rupture-wort |
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snowflake |
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spignel-meu |
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spring squill |
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squinancy wort |
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western gorse |
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white horehound |
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wild basil |
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wild liquorice |
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wild thyme |
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